Brochure Stage Neel 2019 2020

INTERNSHIP
2019 - 2020
The NÉEL Institute is a major research laboratory in physics, gathering about 450 collaborators. Its collective
strength is expressed in numerous national and international collaborative projects, through open technological
platforms of exceptional quality, and by a remarkable level of scientific production.
As detailed in this booklet, NÉEL researchers propose a great number of internship topics. These cover a wide
range of scientific and technological fields, reflecting the diversity of our teams. Magnetism, quantum fluids, new
materials, crystallography and surface science mingle with quantum nanoelectronics, nanomechanics, non-linear
and quantum optics, spintronics, etc. Beyond our core expertise in physics of condensed matter, we also work at
the interface with chemistry, engineering, astrophysics and biology. In all these fields, our mainly experimental
activity benefits from the local presence of many world class experts in theoretical, analytical and computational
physics.
The NÉEL Institute fosters a technological expertise that is essential to bring our research projects to the highest
level, through often unique house-made or in-house designed instruments. We are also actively involved in
creating value from our research in the sectors of electronics, energy, health and space.
This booklet contains the Master internship offers for the 2019-20 academic year. Most of them are Master 2
projects, offering often the possibility of going on as a PhD student. If you are starting your Master degree, you
will also find Master 1 project proposals. Many of the Master 2 topics may also be adapted to Master 1 projects.
You are welcome to a virtual visit of NÉEL Institute through this booklet and our website, www.neel.cnrs.fr.
Please get in touch with NÉEL researchers and come around for a real visit!
Etienne BUSTARRET
Director, Institut NÉEL
September 2019
Institut NEEL-CNRS 25, rue des Martyrs – Bâtiment - BP 166 –

38042 Grenoble cedex 9 – France
 +33 (0)4 76 88 74 68  +33 (0)4 76 88 12 30
L’Institut Néel est une unité propre du CNRS conventionnée avec l’Université Grenoble Alpes
LISTE DES STAGES PROPOSES / LIST OF PROPOSED INTERNSHIPS
MASTER 1
Quantum interference and single-electron detection with flying qubits
Growth of TiO2-Anatase catalyst films for water splitting

Etude de matériaux magnétiques à base d’élément de terre-rare et de cobalt ou fer
Cavitation in nanoconfinement
High temperature superconducting oxychlorides : a light element model for cuprates
MASTER 2
Thermoelectric thin films

Investigating Multiferroïcity in Doubly Ordered Perovskites
p-n junction nanowires for solar cells
Statistical physics in fluids of interacting photons
Helium cavitation using the artificial tree technique
Origin of the nonlinear response in gold nanoprism antennas
Molecular spin devices for quantum processing
Quantum nanophononics at low temperature: towards heat manipulation at the nanoscale
Phonon thermal transport in nanostructured GeTe based materials
Superconducting qubits
Synthesis and optical characterization of garnet-type materials with persistent luminescence
properties
Aptamers-functionalized large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted enzyme delivery
Understanding the multiferroic properties of the spinel compound GeFe2O4
Guided interactions with rare-earth luminescent centers for quantum information processing
Glass Nanomechanical Resonators in the Quantum Ground State
Skyrmions around room temperature in ferromagnetic/rare earth nanostructures
Second harmonic generation in optically trapped gold nanoparticles
Optical Particle Trapping in Air
Raman spectroscopy study of sulfur in hydrothermal fluids
Confined nucleation and growth of molecular nanocrystals for biophotonics: fluorescence imaging
and photodynamic therapy
Investigation of magnetization processes in R-M intermetallic compounds
Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment in an electron microscope: Application to luminescence
lifetime mapping at the nanoscale
Low-dose EDT for highly sensitive MOFs
Extreme Microscopy for Elusive Nano-Materials
Single electron transistor microscopy of two dimensional electron systems
Pressure as a way to control the cupling between magnetic and electric properties
La pression comme contrôle du couplage entre propriétés magnétiques et électriques
Evolution of the equilibrium morphology of KH2PO4 crystals at different growth conditions
Quantum logic gate in a silicon quantum dots array
Laser cooling of solids for a new generation of spatial cryocooler
Search for superconductivity under pressure in mono and bi-layer graphene
Optimization of the solution composition to grow the chiral ferromagnet α-LiFe5O8 from high
temperature solutions
A bright source of entangled photon pairs
Graphene based superconducting quantum bit

Recycling of end of life NdFeB magnets
Quantum states generation in microwave photonics with superconducting circuits
Coherent manipulation of a many-body superconducting quantum circuits
Second son, Turbulence quantique & Vortex
Faire chanter un fil dans un fluide quantique
Superconductivity at proximity of an electronic instability
Elaboration of epitaxial Rubidium Titanyl Phosphate (RTP) thin films
Kondo-cloud extension around quantum dots
Scanning gate microscopy of quantum Hall edge channels in graphene

Fast and efficient one- and two-qubit gates in slicon based quantum processors
Engineering mechanical oscillators in the quantum regime for molecular spin qubits
High temperature superconducting oxychlorides: a light element model for cuprates

NÉEL INSTITUTE Grenoble
Topic for Master 1 internship – Academic year 2019-2020
Quantum interference and
single-electron detection with flying qubits
General Scope: Coherent manipulation of single electrons in solid-state devices is attractive for quantum
information purposes because they have a high potential for scalability. Depending on the system used,
the charge or the spin may code binary qubit information. A particular appealing idea is to use a single
flying electron itself as the conveyor of quantum information. Such electronic flying qubits allow
performing quantum operations on qubits while they are being coherently transferred. Information
processing typically takes place in the nodes of the quantum network on locally controlled qubits, but
quantum networking would require flying qubits to exchange information from one location to another.
It is therefore of prime interest to develop ways of
transferring information from one node to the other. The
availability of flying qubits would enable the possibility to
develop new non-local architectures for quantum
computing with possibly cheaper hardware overhead
than e.g. surface codes.
Research topic: The aim of the proposed M1 internship is

to participate in an ongoing research project to realise
flying qubit architectures using single-electron wave
packets. This can be realized in an electronic Mach
Zehnder interferometer (see fig. 1) where single-electron
wave packets are manipulated in flight. During the M1
internship the student will learn how to generate such
single electron wave packet and characterise them.
References:
• Hermelin et al., Nature 477, 435 (2011); Bertrand et al, Nature Nanotech. 11 672 (2016),
Takada et al., Nature Com. (to appear)
• Dubois et al., Nature 502, 659 (2013); Roussely et al. Nature Com. 9, 2811 (2018)
Possible collaboration and networking: This project is realized in close collaboration with the
nanoelectronics group in Saclay (C. Glattli) and the theory group of CEA Grenoble (X. Waintal)
Required skills:
We are looking for a motivated candidate with a good background in quantum mechanics and solid-
state physics.
Starting date: spring 2020
Contact:
BAUERLE Christopher
Institut Néel – CNRS, Grenoble
e-mail: christopher.bauerle@neel.cnrs.fr
web: http://neel.cnrs.fr
INSTITUT NÉEL Grenoble
Growth of TiO2-Anatase catalyst films for water splitting
General Scope:
Titania is of interest among others for its photocatalytic behavior for
hydrogen production from water splitting process. TiO2 crystallizes
in rutile and anatase phases. Rutile is the most thermodynamically
stable structure at high temperature, whereas anatase, a natural-
forming polymorph, is the most stable at room temperature, as well
as the most photoactive. The best properties are obtained for the
anatase-TiO2(001) surface. This facet has the higher number of Ti
active sites at the surface, all of them coordinated to five oxygen
neighbors. However, the study of the (001) anatase is difficult
because in natural crystals it covers less than 20 % of the surface.
The other 80 % is covered by facets of the {101} family (Fig.1). One
way to overcome this limitation is growing TiO2 films with the
desired face termination Fig. 1. Most stable Anatase
crystal faces.
Research topic and facilities available:
TiO2(001) films have already been grown by pulsed

laser deposition technique (Fig.2). During the period
of this internship the objective will be to growth high
quality TiO2(001) ultra-thin films by molecular beam
epitaxy on STO(001) substrates and on BTO(001)
films optimizing the conditions like e.g. substrate
temperature and partial oxygen pressure.
The films will be prepared and studied in-situ using
two interconnected chambers, the first one dedicated
to MBE growth, the second one to the
characterization by low energy electron diffraction
(LEED), Auger electron spectroscopy and scanning
tunnel microscopy (STM) techniques. During the Fig. 2. AFM of TiO2-Anatase(001) / STO
internship the student will learn about these film. Thickness 40 nm.
techniques and the fundamental of surface science.
Possible collaboration and networking:
This project is a collaboration with Xavier Torrelles from the Institute of Materials Science of
Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
Required skills: A good background in condensed matter physics, dexterity in experimental work.
Starting date: March 2020
Contact:
Name: Maurizio De Santis
Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone: 04 76 88 74 13 e-mail:Maurizio.de-santis@neel.cnrs.fr
More information: http://neel.cnrs.fr

INSTITUT NEEL Grenoble
Proposition de stage Master 1 - Année universitaire 2019-2020
Etude de matériaux magnétiques à base d’élément de terre-rare et de cobalt ou fer
Cadre général :
Le sujet s'inscrit dans le cadre des recherches effectuées par une équipe travaillant sur les propriétés
physiques et structurales de matériaux. Nous cherchons à améliorer les propriétés des matériaux
actuels et aussi à élaborer de nouveaux composés dont il faut comprendre les propriétés fondamentales.
Les matériaux de cette famille peuvent, selon leur composition et leurs propriétés, avoir des
applications variées allant des aimants permanents utilisés dans l’électrotechnique, ou les détecteurs
aux matériaux pour l’enregistrement de haute densité ou la microélectronique moderne dite de spin.
Sujet exact, moyens disponibles :

Ce stage comporte une partie d’élaboration de ces composés, mais aussi de caractérisation de
leurs propriétés physiques. La diffraction des rayons X sera utilisée pour étudier la structure
cristalline tandis que la microscopie électronique sera mise en œuvre pour analyser la
composition chimique. Au-delà des propriétés structurales nous nous intéresserons plus
particulièrement aux propriétés magnétiques de ces matériaux à savoir : aimantation,
température d’ordre, type d’ordre magnétique retenu par le composé en fonction de l’élément
de terre rare. Ce stage est essentiellement à caractère expérimental, il sera aussi l’occasion de
manipuler divers concepts plus fondamentaux vus au cours de l’année. Les équipements
nécessaires pour mener ces recherches à l’Institut Néel sont opérationnels tant au niveau de la
synthèse que de la caractérisation des propriétés physiques.
Interactions et collaborations éventuelles :

Ces travaux s’effectuent dans le cadre de collaborations incluant d’autres équipes nationales
et internationales.
Formation / Compétences : Le profil est celui d’un(e) étudiant(e) de Master 1 ou d’Ecole

d’Ingénieur intéressé(e) par la physique expérimentale, désireux (se) de compléter sa
formation et d’approfondir ses connaissances scientifiques et techniques en cristallographie et
magnétisme au travers d’un stage au sein d’une équipe de recherche.
Période envisagée pour le début du stage : printemps – été 2020
Contact : Isnard Olivier

Institut Néel - CNRS 04 76 88 11 46 mel olivier.isnard@neel.cnrs.fr
Plus d'informations sur : http://neel.cnrs.fr
General Scope: Cavitation, the thermally activated nucleation of a vapor bubble in a stretched liquid,
is a phenomenon occurring in many fields, ranging from engineering to natural sciences. For most
fluids, the radius of the critical germ is of the order of one to several nanometers. One thus expects
cavitation to be hindered in nanoporous materials with pores diameters lying in this range, with a
direct impact on the nature of the evaporation mechanism in such materials. Our goal within the ANR
project CAVCONF is to measure the effect of confinement on the cavitation pressure, and to compare
the results to existing theories, using nanoporous alumina membranes as a model material. These
membranes present billions of parallel pores, the diameter of which can be tailored between typically
10 and 100 nm. These pores are open at one end on a vapor reservoir. We have recently developed a
technique to reduce their aperture diameter, which stabilizes the liquid phase in the resulting
constriction. Decreasing the vapor pressure brings the liquid inside the pores below its saturated
pressure, allowing to reach negative liquid pressures and cavitation. We thus demonstrated helium and
hexane cavitation in such membranes with nanopores diameters of order 30 nm, still a too large value
to observe an effect of confinement.

Our goal is to further reduce the pore diameter so as to observe and quantify the effect of confinement.
This requires to obtain smaller pores diameters, which we plan to achieve using controlled atomic
layer deposition of alumina on the pore surface. The intern will test this approach by performing
cavitation experiments at room temperature, using hexane as a fluid and an existing set-up. Obtaining
pores with a final small and well-defined diameter may be challenging if the surface of the native
pores is rough at the nanoscale. In this case, new fabrication techniques or alternative porous systems
will be studied in the framework of the internship.

This project will involve collaboration with our ANR partners in Paris (LPENS and INSP).
Required skills: A good knowledge of thermodynamics and optics is required, as well as a

background in condensed matter physics (including statistical physics and/or soft matter). The
candidate should be self-motivated and have a strong curiosity about new phenomena.
Starting date: Any time in the period.
Contact:
Name: P.E. Wolf/ Panayotis Spathis
Phone: 0476881273/0456387059 e-mail: pierre-etienne.wolf@neel.cnrs.fr/ panayotis.spathis@neel.cnrs.fr
General Scope: Cuprates were discovered in 1986 to show superconductivity at the highest
temperature at ambient pressure, a record they still detain (see figure), but their phenomenology
apparently cannot be grabbed by present theory, so that they are
considered among the main unsolved problems in physics today. In
this context, the discovery of the Na and vacancy doped
Ca2CuO2Cl2 oxychloride is very promising indeed to bridge the
gap between theory and experiment since it: lacks high Z atoms;
has a simplest crystalline structure for cuprates, stable at all doping Figure 1: Cuprates allows
and temperatures; and has a strong 2D character due to the exploiting magnetic levitation
replacement of apical oxygen with chlorine. Therefore, advanced above the liquid Nitrogen
calculations that incorporate correlation effects, such as quantum temperature, as shown in the
Monte Carlo are easier, but relatively little is known about picture (Mai-Linh Doan
Ca2CuO2Cl2 from an experimental point of view. We are now wikimedia commons, © Creative
filling this gap by a comprehensive experimental study covering the commons).
whole phase diagram, in particular of the magnon and phonon dispersion as well as their electronic
structure, using advanced approaches based on synchrotron radiations and laboratory spectroscopies.
Research topic and facilities available: During the internship we will measure, at the Instit. Néel,
point contact spectroscopy, in collaboration with H. Cercellier, and/or magnetic penetration depth, in
collaboration with P. Rodière, depending on the length and schedule of the internship. Preparation of
these experiments will require special care, as the materials are sensitive to air, so that a special glove
box is under installation at the Néel institute, and we will use its facility also for crystalline (x-ray
diffraction) and superconducting (magnetometry) characterisation.
Possible collaboration and networking: Interpretation of the results will be made in collaboration
with group performing ab-initio electronic structure calculation including correlation effects in Paris
(S. Biermann, Ecole Polytechnique).
Required skills: A good background in electronic properties of material. Team work will be an
essential part of the project success.
Starting date: from winter 2019

Contact:
Name: D'ASTUTO Matteo
Phone: : (+33)(0)4 76 88 12 84e-mail: matteo.dastuto@neel.cnrs.frMore information:
http://neel.cnrs.fr
Thermoelectric thin films
General Scope:
The aim of this internship is to develop and characterize Heusler Fe-V-Al thermoelectric thin
films for electrical microgeneration or thermoelectric microcooler applications.
Thermoelectricity is a field that has emerged in recent years and on which many research
teams around the world are working. Converting heat into electrical current has become a
challenge that is currently researched by many manufacturers. In addition, technological
developments are forcing products and systems to become increasingly miniaturized. As a
result, the materials are subject to much higher stresses and the thermal effects generated by
small systems will become critical.
Thin films seem to be of great interest to meet the specifications of some products developed
by different companies. In addition, recent studies show that thin films have significantly
higher thermoelectric performance (up to a factor of 3) than those obtained in solid materials.

During this internship, thin films will be developed by magnetron sputtering and annealed
under different conditions. Measurements of carrier concentration and mobility will be made
on thin films obtained. These experiments coupled with thermoelectric properties (Seebeck
effect S, electrical resistivity , and thermal conductivity ) will optimize the merit factor
ZT=S2which is characteristic of thermoelectric efficiency. This study will be carried out
on films of different thicknesses in order to study the influence of this parameter on the
thermoelectric properties. Compositions, phases in the presence and microstructures of thin
films will be analyzed by X-ray diffraction, SEM-FEG and EDX.
The nature of the substrate (flexible or not) on which the thermoelectric material will be
deposited will also be a crucial point for the integration of modules on non-planar products.
Thermoelectrical device based on bismuth-telluride thin films.
Possible extension as a PhD: Yes
Required skills: Interest in solid-state physics and experimental physics, characterization

techniques. Experience in thin film deposition will be particularly appreciated but not
necessary.
Starting date: Spring 2020
Contact:
Daniel Bourgault
Phone: 0 4 76 88 90 31 e-mail : daniel.bourgault@neel.cnrs.fr
NÉEL INSTITUT Grenoble
Investigating Multiferroïcity in Doubly Ordered Perovskites
Keywords: Multiferroic materials, Structure, Magnetism
Context: We study a new class of multi-functional magnets called

multiferroïcs, where magnetism and ferroelectricity are strongly
coupled together. For example, electric polarization may be switched
by applied magnetic fields, and vice-versa. These types of materials,
currently at the cutting-edge of condensed matter research, are likely
to form key components in the development of future technology, for
example, in memories and logic devices [1]. Recently we have
investigated a new family of doubly ordered perovskites with the
general formula NaLnTWO6 (Ln: lanthanide and T: magnetic transition
metal) and have found that these materials were multiferroic by the
virtue of a new mechanism, the so-called “Hybrid Improper Fig. 1 : Magnetic structure of
Ferroelectricity” [2-5]. the NaYCoWO6 [2]
Objective and available means: A proper understanding of the

interplay between the various physical properties of these types of
materials relies heavily on the knowledge of the detailed crystal and
magnetic structures. The aim of this Master internship will be to
synthesize new compounds with the doubly ordered perovskites
structure and study their electrical, magnetic and structural properties.
The structural investigation will be carried out using x-ray diffraction at
the laboratory as well as at the nearby large facilities when needed.
(European Synchrotron Radiation Facility and Institut Laüe Langevin
Fig. 2: Electric polarization
high flux neutron reactor). An extended set of physical, magnetic and developed under magnetic
electrical measurement facilities (see for instance fig. 1 and 2) is field in NaYCoWO6
available at Institut Néel and will be used to characterize the samples.
[1] S-W Cheong, M. Mostovoy, Nat. Mater., 6, 2007, 13. [2] P. Zuo, PhD thesis, UGA 2017. [3] P. Zuo, C.V. Colin, H. Klein, P.
Bordet, E. Elkaim, E. Suard and C. Darie, Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 8478−8489 [4] P Zuo, H Klein, C Darie, CV Colin - Journal of
Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.02.061. [5] Zuo, P., Darie, C., Colin, C. V. &
Klein, H. Inorg. Chem. 58, 81–92 (2019).
Possible collaboration and networking: The student will be working within the Materials, Radiation
and Structure (MRS) team of the Néel Institute. He/she will collaborate closely with several
researchers of the MRS team (experienced chemists, crystallographers and physicists) and work with
the technical staff of the laboratory (for Physical Characterizations, X-Ray and eventually neutron
diffraction).
This Master internship could be extended into a PhD within the same research subject if a funding
source for a PhD thesis is obtained (research project grant or PhD contract awarded by the Physics
Graduate School of Grenoble).
Background and expected skills: The candidate must have a background in condensed matter
physics, with good basis in materials Science and interest for exploratory experimental physics.
Possible period for the beginning of the internship: February 2020
Contact : COLIN Claire (claire.colin@neel.cnrs.fr) Institut Néel - CNRS : tel : 04 76 88 74 14, See also:
http://neel.cnrs.fr/spip.php?rubrique63
p-n junction nanowires for solar cells

General scope:
The properties of nanowires (NWs) can be tuned carefully using optimized growth conditions or top
down fabrication using lithography on a suitably designed substrate. Moreover, it is possible to tune the
electrical properties by doping, and p-n junctions can be fabricated in NWs. These structures are
interesting, for example for application as NW solar cells. Among others, NWs present one major
advantage for such applications: they act as antennae and therefore can absorb the light more efficiently
using less material. However, challenges remain to control and measure the doping levels in such nano-
objects with nm precision. Furthermore, the role of the NW surface on their electrical properties requires
further investigation.
Research topic and available facilities:

The aim of this internship is to contribute to the study of p-n junction semiconducting NWs regarding
their opto-electrical properties. The student will integrate a multi-institute, multi-disciplinary research
group. His/her role will be the fabrication of electrically contacted NWs containing a p-n junction on
TEM compatible membrane chips, and their electro-optical characterization. This includes first the
current-voltage analysis, and then their complete characterization as a photodetectors (responsivity,
linearity, spectral selectivity, time response). These results will be correlated to detailed characterization
by transmission electron microscopy, performed on exactly the same single NW. Moreover, combining
in-situ biasing with TEM techniques sensitive to the electric field or electrostatic potential (electron
holography, as shown in the figure), we may obtain a quantitative description of the electrical properties
of this object at the nm scale. Using this combination of techniques, we will improve our understanding
of NW solar cells.
The student’s work will involve:

- Sample preparation by cleanroom
fabrication techniques, including
optical and electron beam
lithography.
- Current-voltage measurements and
electro-optical characterization.
- Performing the electrical part of in-
situ TEM experiments (TEM will be
performed by the supervisor), data
treatment, and correlation of electrical
and imaging results. From top to bottom: schematics of the nanowire doping,
hologram, phase image showing doping contrast.
Possible collaboration and networking: The internship will be in collaboration with IRIC (Eva
Monroy). Potential collaborations with CEMES Toulouse, Vienna University of Technology and
Technical University of Eindhoven.
Possible extension as a PhD: Not granted in advance, but we are open to support applications for a
PhD grant.
Required skills: Interest in solid-state physics, electrical and optical properties and characterization
techniques and transmission electron microscopy.
Starting date: Jan/Feb 2020 or earlier.
Contact: den Hertog Martien & Eva Monroy

Institut Néel - CNRS : tel: 0476881045 mail: martien.den-hertog@neel.cnrs.fr
More information at: http://neel.cnrs.fr
Statistical physics in fluids of interacting photons
General Scope:
Exciton-polaritons (polaritons) are the elementary excitations of semiconductor microcavities, in which the
excitonic transition1 of an embedded semiconductor quantum well is in the strong-coupling regime with photons
from the cavity mode. Polaritons thus have a half-light, half-exciton hybrid nature, which is an extraordinary
resource. For instance, their photonic fraction provides them with a low effective mass that makes them
“behave” like photons, while their excitonic fraction provides them with the ability to interact with each other, a
property which is absent in regular photons. The resulting physics is so rich that, a new class of quantum fluids
has been defined after them, and known as “quantum fluids of light” [1].
Like any classical fluid, a polariton fluid is subject to fluctuations, like waves on top of the sea. However, there
are two key differences with this example: these fluctuations are neither thermal (i.e. at equilibrium), nor
classical. As a result, key characteristics of the fluid such as temperature, and entropy are notions that need to
be entirely revisited. In this internship/PhD project, the aim is to investigate experimentally the characteristics of
these fluctuations (e.g. their amplitude and spectrum).
During the internship, we will generate fluctuations in a controlled way, using quench-like perturbation of the
polariton fluid, and measure the resulting fluctuations by an optical spectroscopy technique derived from
Brillouin scattering [2]. The project can be followed by a PhD project, in which fluctuations will be created by a
controlled defect moving within the fluid, and the resulting force (known as the “drag force” in the context of
quantum fluids) exerted by the fluid on the defect will be measured. Different regime will be investigated such
as the superfluid regime [3] in which the force experienced by the defect, and the resulting perturbations are
suppressed, and new regimes that are specific to nonequilibrium systems and so far have never been achieved
experimentally [4,5].
This research will be carried out at Institut Néel, in a fully equipped and ready laboratory of optical spectroscopy.
It will start in 2020 as a M2 internship, and could be followed by a PhD thesis. The work will start under the
direct supervision of the supervisor, and later on, with the support of a post doc fellow.
Bibliography: [1] I. Carusotto et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 299 (2013); [2] P. Stepanov, et al. Nature Comm. 10, 3869 (2019) ;
[3] A. Amo et al. Nature Physics 5, 805 (2009) ; [4] M. Van Regemortel et al. Phys. Rev. B 89, 085303 (2014); [5] M.-G. Hu et
al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 055301 (2016)
A key collaborator in this work is the theory group of Anna Minguzzi (LPMMC, CNRS), which is situated next door,
and provides deep understanding of the phenomena, develops new theoretical descriptions, and provides
numerical modelization of these experiments. This work takes place in the context of other well-established
collaborations in France, Italy, Australia and Germany.
Required skills:
The candidate must have a good track-record during his/her master classes. Strong motivation, and a genuine
taste for experimental physics addressing fundamental questions is a key asset.
Starting date: internship 2020 ; possibly followed by 3 years PhD
Contact: Maxime Richard, Institut Néel - CNRS ; maxime.richard@neel.cnrs.fr

1
A semiconductor exciton is an electron-hole pair bound by Coulomb interaction.

is a phenomenon occurring in many fields, ranging from engineering to natural sciences. Its
occurrence is expected to follow the Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). Our goal is to test this
expectation by using the so-called artificial tree technique, where a liquid contained in a cavity is
connected to a vapor reservoir through a narrower constriction, also filled with liquid. Decreasing the
vapor pressure brings the liquid below its saturated pressure, even possibly at negative pressure (i.e.
the liquid is stretched). If the constriction is narrow enough (typically 5 nm in diameter) for capillarity
to stabilize the liquid confined inside, the cavity empties by cavitation. While cavitation is a generic
phenomenon, an ideal model fluid to test CNT is helium at cryogenic temperatures, because this
allows to easily explore a wide range of temperatures and thus probe the activated nature of the
cavitation process. We recently demonstrated hexane and helium cavitation in a microscopic version
of the artificial tree, consisting of alumina membranes presenting arrays of microscopic cavities,
coupled to the vapor reservoir through independent nanometric constrictions.
Optical signature of the

stochastic nature of hexane
cavitation in naporous
alumina membranes

We now want to develop a macroscopic version, using a centimeter size cavity connected to the vapor
reservoir through a nanoporous plug. Such a geometry will allow to directly measure the intra-cavity
liquid pressure using a deformable diaphragm, and to quantitatively probe the CNT without any
assumption on the equation of state of helium at negative pressures.
The intern will use a simple approach (etching of a cavity in a glass slide, and sealing by a porous
silicon membrane) to fabricate a first generation device. Using existing set-ups, the intern will test this
device at room temperature using hexane as a fluid, then at cryogenic temperatures using helium.
Cavitation will be detected either optically or through volumetric measurements.

This project falls in the framework of an ANR project and will involve collaboration with our partners
in Paris (LPENS and INSP). A collaboration with ILM (Lyon) is also foreseen.
Required skills: Experiments combine cryogenics and optical techniques. A good knowledge of
general physics (including thermodynamics and optics) is required, as well as a solid background in
condensed matter physics (including statistical physics and/or soft matter). The candidate should be
self-motivated and have a strong curiosity about new phenomena.
Contact:
Name: Panayotis Spathis/ P.E. Wolf
Phone: 0456387059/0476881273 e-mail: panayotis.spathis@neel.cnrs.fr / pierre-etienne.wolf@neel.cnrs.fr

Origin of the nonlinear response in gold nanoprism antennas

General Scope:
Plasmonics has opened fascinating applications owing to the ability of noble metals (and more
generally any material holding free electrons) to locate light below the diffraction limit and conjointly
to enhance the light-matter interaction through optical resonances in the visible range. Magnifying the
electric field is also a key path for reveling nonlinear responses when the electron cloud is tightly
driven. In this context, nonlinear plasmonics is a rather new topic where many fundamental properties
are still to be understood, including its very origin. This is precisely the aim of this Master 2 project.

We have recently made decisive progresses from three viewpoints:
nanofabrication (with hybrid nonlinear/plasmonic nanostructures),
optical characterization (with the building of a nanoscopy setup)
and numerical simulation (with the first simulations of photon pair
generation in hybrid systems). This work has put forward long-
lasting opened questions by investigating the wave-mixing
(interaction between two photons known as Second Harmonic
Generation) in chemically-produced nanoprisms. To give the final proof to our finding we plan here:
1- to fabricate Au nanoprism antennas by e-beam lithography at the NanoFab platform
2- to map the SHG of single nanoprism (600nm) under a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam
3- to quantitatively compare with chemically-synthetized nanoprisms and numerical simulations.
This is foreseen to show that the usually invoked mechanism for SHG is not the dominant one and to
reveal a largely disregarded contribution as the main SHG source in crystalline nanostructures.
There are many potential extensions to this subject such as exploring the symmetry breaking effects by
playing with the nanoprism shape or even to enter in the strong coupling regime by reducing the gap
size between two nanoprisms.

This project benefit from established collaborations with E. Dujardin from Toulouse and A. Bouhelier
and B. Cluzel from Dijon.
Possible extension as a PhD:

An ANR project will be deposited in collaboration with the CEA for the 2020 call for investigating a
new type of hybrid structures built on DNA boundings between plasmonic antennas and active
nanoparticles.
Required skills:
An experimental profile is clearly targeted to manage advanced lithography and nonlinear microscopy
experiments. Good skills in Optics and Electromagnetism are therefore expected with a strong interest
in developing knowledges in nanofabrication.
Starting date: February - April
Contact:
Name: Guillaume Bachelier and Gilles Nogues
Phone: +33 4 56 38 71 46
e-mail: guillaume.bachelier@neel.cnrs.fr and gilles.nogues@neel.cnrs.fr

Molecular spin devices for quantum processing

General Scope:
The realization of an operational quantum computer is one of the
most ambitious technological goals of today’s scientists. In this
regard, the basic building block is generally composed of a two-
level quantum system (a quantum bit). It must be fully
controllable and measurable, which requires a connection to the
macroscopic world. In this context, solid state devices, which
establish electrical connections to the qubit are of high interest.
Among the different solid state concepts, spin based devices are
very attractive since they already exhibit long coherence times.
Electrons possessing a spin 1/2 are conventionally thought as the natural carriers of quantum
information, but alternative concepts make use of the outstanding properties of molecular magnets as
building blocks for nanospintronics devices and quantum computing. Their spin benefit from longer
coherence times compared to purely electronic spins. In this context, our team combines the different
disciplines of spintronics, molecular electronics, and quantum information processing. In particular,
we fabricate, characterize and study molecular spin-transistor in order to manipulate[1] and read-out
an individual spin[2] to perform quantum operations[3].
[1] S. Thiele, F. Balestro, R. Ballou, S. Klyatskaya, M. Ruben, W. Wernsdorfer, Science 2014.

[2] R. Vincent, S. Klyatskaya, M. Ruben, W. Wernsdorfer, F. Balestro. Nature 2012.
[3] C. Godfrin, R. Ballou, S. Klyatskaya, M. Ruben, W. Wernsdorfer, F. Balestro, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2018.
Research topic and facilities available: Nano-devices addressing single molecular spins will be
designed and reliable methods for their realization and caracterization will be developed. Our team has
a strong experience in molecular magnetism, nanofabrication, ultra-low noise transport measurements,
microwave electronics and cryogenic equipment. We propose to use molecular spins as platform to
perform multiqubit algorithms. Single molecular units are embedded in scalable electronic circuits and
individual spin read out is performed by molecular quantum dots. The key experiment will be the
demonstration of two qubit gate to complete the set of universal gates for scalable architectures. The
student will fabricate the samples using the clean room facilities of the Néel Institut. She/he will carry
out the measurements of the device at very low temperature (20mK), using one of the five fully
equipped dilution refrigerators of the team, in order to create, characterize and manipulate single spin
using spin based molecular quantum dot.
Possible collaboration and networking: This multidisciplinary research field is based on years of
collaborations with teams from different scientific and technical cultures (cleanroom, technicians,
collaborations with chemists and theoreticians, ...), in the framework of European projects and
different national and regional funding.
Required skills: We are looking for a motivated student who is interested in experiments that are
challenging from the experimental point of view.
Starting date:
Contact: BALESTRO Franck, Institut Néel - CNRS - UGA
Phone: 04 76 88 79 15 e-mail: franck.balestro@neel.cnrs.fr
More information: http://neel.cnrs.fr/spip.php?rubrique51


It is therefore of prime interest to develop ways of transferring information from one node to the other. The

packets. Using a Mach Zehnder interferometer will allow
to manipulate the single-electron wave packet in flight.
The missing brick in such a flying qubit architecture is a
single-shot single-electron detector that is able to detect
the single electron wave packets in flight. This could be
achieved by exploiting the extreme sensitivity of a
quantum sensor and will be developed in the follow-up
PhD project in order to realize full quantum operation of
a flying qubit using individual electrons.
References:
Possible extension as a PhD: yes; PhD funding available
Required skills:
The candidate should have a good background in quantum mechanics and solid-state physics. We are
looking for a motivated candidate who is interested in continuing this research project towards a PhD
degree.
Contact:
BAUERLE Christopher
Quantum nanophononics at low temperature: towards heat manipulation at

the nanoscale
General Scope: Phonons, just like electrons, are known to be quantum particles. In a macroscopic
material, this quantum nature of the phonons is hidden by the fact that the typical size of the sample is
by far larger than the typical wavelength of the phonons. Just like in optics, in this situation, no
spectacular effect of the quantum nature of the phonons can be expected. But if you now reduce the
dimensionality of the conductor down to the limit of the phonon wavelength, then the quantum nature
of the phonons should dominate their behaviour in the solid: this is a new field of research in which
concepts are still emerging, maybe the last domain in nanosciences which is still untouched. In this
internship, we will focus on how this confinement changes the phonon heat exchange mechanisms in
2D structures (membrane) or 1D (nanowires). Two types of materials are particularly interesting: single
crystals and amorphous materials and both will be studied.
Another question naturally arises when considering quantum transport: if the dimensions of the
conductor is comparable with the wavelength of the phonons, how can we describe the transport of
phonons in such structures? The answer is quite subtle, and is related to the transmission of the
wavefunction of the phonons through the structure. The most direct evidence of the quantum nature of
the heat transport in nanostructures would be to show that it exhibits plateau as a function of the width
of the conductor, width being an integer times the wavelength of the phonons. This Landauer approach,
which has been successfully applied in the domain of electronic transport, has not been extended to
phonons so far.
Figure 1 Left: Thermal lab-on-chip sensor composed of two sensing cells for the measurement of thermal conductance of the
bridging structure.
Research topic and facilities available: the topic of this thesis holds on phonon transport experiments
at very low temperature using ultra-sensitive measurements of heat conduction. These measurements
will be carried out in extreme conditions on membranes and nanowires (monocrystalline silicon or
silicon nitride (SiN amorphous)). The experiments will be based on new sensors with sensitivity of the
order of zepto-Joule (10-21 Joule), a world record at dilution fridge temperatures (30-50mK).
The goal is to access the quantum regime of phonon transport and thus the quantum regime of heat
conduction by optimizing the transmission coefficient. We will demonstrate the potential manipulation
of heat flow using non-symmetric nanostructures to evidence thermal rectification (see figure). We will
manipulate the heat at low dimensions (1D and 2D systems) a route towards exchange or storage of
information using phonon as a carrier.
Collaborations with theoreticians and experimentalists: Natalio Mingo CEA-LITEN, David Lacroix
(Nancy).
The internship could be followed by a PhD
Formation / Competences : skills and knowledge in cryogenics, microfabrication, fine
instrumentation and mesoscopic quantum physics will be widely acquired especially in the
field of nanophononics and nanothermics.
Starting date: late winter/early spring
Contact : Olivier Bourgeois (06 88 71 51 86) / Laurent Saminadayar (06 79 66 30 28)
Institut Néel - CNRS : tél 04 76 88 12 17 mel olivier.bourgeois@neel.cnrs
Phonon thermal transport in nanostructured GeTe based materials

General Scope:
This internships deals with the study of novel materials for solving the thermal management issue in
microelectronic and energy harvesting applications. One of the main challenges for our modern society
consists in reducing the heat losses associated with energy consumption, amounting to about two thirds
of the whole energy produced. In this context, nanostructuration has arisen as a promising approach, as
the presence of interfaces and the intertwining of different materials at the nanoscale has shown to
effectively act on the quasi-particle responsible for heat transport: phonons .
Figure 1 Left and center: Transmission microscope image of GeTe materials showing the nanocrystal in the
amorphous matrix. Right: thermometer for the 3 omega measurement.

We focus here on GeTe-based nanocomposites, made of nanometric crystalline grains of GeTe
embedded in an amorphous matrix (see Figure). GeTe is largely investigated for the novel technology
of the phase change memories: memories where the information is coded through the amorphous to
crystalline phase change. The electric contrast between the two phases allows to identify the phase and
then the 1 or 0 bit. The extremely rapid phase change is assured through Joule heating of the material,
which however requires high programming currents, leading to a very large local heating, which hinders
any further miniaturization. Recently, nanostructuration has been found to greatly reduce the
programming currents, indicating a drastic thermal conductivity reduction of the material. Such
reduction is expected to significantly enhance as well the ability of GeTe to convert heat into electric
current (thermoelectric conversion), giving the perspective to use it to recycle the heat waste in the
microelectronic devices.
We plan to understand how the nanostructuration affects the thermal properties in GeTe nanocomposites,
depending on a variety of parameters, such as the GeTe grain size, the film thickness, the amorphous
phase properties. In this internship we propose a fundamental investigation aimed at getting the
microscopic understanding needed for the technological progress. To this purpose, in collaboration with
the CEA-LETI and the ILM in Lyon, thermal conductivity and thermoelectric properties of the GeTe
nanocomposites will be measured with laboratory equipments, and compared to microscopic
measurements of phonon dynamics at synchrotron radiation sources.
The trainee will performed thermal conductivity measurements on thin film of GeTe based materials.
The technique used to measure the thermal transport properties is the 3-omega method with which
thermal conductivity and specific heat can be obtained. This technique, based on resistive thermometry,
is particularly adapted for low thermal conductivity materials like GeTe nanocomposites. The
thermometers are prepared using state-of-the-art clean room processes and the measurement involves
low noise electronic in order to get the best sensitivity.
This project (Nanocharme) is financed by a regional grant in collaboration with ILM in Lyon, LETI in
CEA and STMicroelectronic.
Possible extension as a PhD: The internship could be followed by a PhD
Required skills: A Master level in physics or applied physics is required.
Starting date: winter to spring 2020
Contact: Olivier Bourgeois (0688715186), Dimitri Tainoff Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone: 04 76 88 12 17 e-mail: olivier.bourgeois@neel.cnrs.fr
Superconducting qubits
General Scope:
During the last decade, it has been
demonstrated that superconducting Josephson
quantum circuits constitute ideal blocks to
build quantum bits and to realize quantum
mechanical experiments. These circuits appear
as artificial atoms whose properties are fixed
by electronics compounds (capacitance,
inductance, tunnel barrier) [1].
We demonstrated a new quantum measurement
on superconducting qubits (see quantum Figure: Quantum trajectories (successive single
trajectories in Fig.1) [2]. We propose to study shot measurement) when the qubit is prepared in
the so-called “Quantum-Non Demolition” its ground state |g> (blue points) and excited state
property of this measurement and to implement |e> (red points) at t=0ns. A quantum jump is
it on a multi-qubit plateform for quantum observed at about 750ns.
information processing.
[1] “V-shaped superconducting artificial atom based on two inductively coupled transmons,”
E. Dumur et al., Phys. Rev. B 92, 020515(R) (2015).
[2] “Fast high fidelity quantum non-demolition qubit readout via a non-perturbative cross-Kerr
coupling”, R. Dassonneville, et al, arxiv1905.0027 (2019).

Our team has a strong experience in nanofabrication, microwave electronics, cryogenic equipment and
superconducting qubit experiments. The student will fabricate the artificial atom through
nanofabrication using lithography processes in NanoFab and PTA facilities. She/He will then carry out
microwave measurements in the quantum limit of the device at very low temperature. All the
microwave equipment as well as the dilution fridge are already installed. The student will participate
to the understanding and improvement of the quantum non-demolition measurements
Possible collaboration and networking: Our “Quantum Electronics Circuits Alps” team is part of
several national networks. This project on superconducting qubits been financially supported by the
National French Funding Agency (ANR) and the student will collaborate with Quantronics team in
CEA-Saclay.
This internship can be pursued toward a PhD
Required skills: Master 2 or Engineering degree. We are seeking highly motivated students on
quantum mechanics who want to develop experiments on quantum bits.
Starting date:
Contact: BUISSON Olivier

Institut Néel- CNRS : phone: +33 4 56 38 71 77 email: olivier.buisson@neel.cnrs.fr
More informations on : http://neel.cnrs.fr
Synthesis and optical characterization of garnet-type materials with

persistent luminescence properties
General Scope:
Persistent luminescent materials display an optical property whereby visible luminescent emission
continues from seconds to hours after their optical excitation has stopped. Although the phenomenon
of persistent luminescence has been known to mankind for over a thousand of years, the burst in
research interest in such materials is quite new. The research and industry interest in such materials is
important because of their wide range of applications: in vivo imaging (Figure 1.a), security signs and
clothings, dials and displays, night vision surveillance, luminous paint, etc. Moreover, synthesizing
persistent luminescent nanocrystals would extend their applications, particularly in the biological field.
(b)
(a)
Figure 1: (a) Example of application in bio-imaging for persistent luminescent materials [Nanoscale, vol. 9, no.
19, pp. 6204–6218, 2017], (b) Unit-cell structure of YAGG crystal

The purpose of this internship is to synthesize persistent luminescent garnets M 3M’5O12 (M = Y, Gd,
Sc…, M’ = Al, Ga …) micropowders via solid-state at high temperature treatments (>1000°C). The
first steps should focus on the synthesis of the most promising garnet compositions (see structure
shown Figure 1.b) for persistent luminescence through their doping with d or rare-earth elements.
Then, these typical solid-state syntheses of microcrystals will be adapted to the preparation of
nanocrystals via solvothermal synthesis in autoclave, coupling solution growths under moderate
pressures and temperatures (few hundreds of bars and °C). The structure and the optical properties of
the synthesized materials will be also characterized via different techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction
(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) measurements.

Institut Lumière Matière (Lyon) & INRS-EMT (Varennes, Québec, Canada)
Possible extension as a PhD: Possible, subject to funding
Required skills:
The candidate should show strong interest in experimental materials science (chemistry and physics)
Starting date: February 2020
Contact:
Name: Alexandra CANTARANO & Géraldine DANTELLE
Phone: 04.76.88.10.44 e-mail: alexandra.cantarano@neel.cnrs.fr & geraldine.dantelle@neel.cnrs.fr

Aptamers-functionalized large pore mesoporous silica

nanoparticles for targeted enzyme delivery
Cadre général :
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have known a tremendous
development over the past ten years as vectors for drug delivery.
Indeed, they feature a tunable size and very high porosity allowing
the loading of a large amount of drugs. Moreover, they have a rigid
structure and can be easily functionalized. However, the loading of
proteins or peptides has been scarcely investigated, as large pores
MSNs have been much less studied.
Sujet exact, moyens disponibles :
In this project, we want to develop large pores MSNs (100 nm in

diameter, pores of 4 to 10 nm) functionalized with DNA aptamers in
order to encapsulate and deliver on command proteins or peptides.
The research will be performed in close collaboration between
Institut Néel (X Cattoën) and the Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire (F Oukacine).
This Master internship could be followed into a PhD within the same research area:
Possible, depending on funding
Formation / Compétences :
Chemical synthesis; materials characterization; knowledge in biomolecules would be

welcome.
Période envisagée pour le début du stage : february 2020-july 2020
Contact : Xavier CATTOËN

Institut Néel - CNRS : phone +33476881042 email : xavier.cattoen@neel.cnrs.fr
Web-page : https://xaviercattoen.wordpress.com/
Understanding the multiferroic properties of the spinel compound GeFe2O4

General Scope: The term “multiferroics” refers to a remarkable class of solid materials where both
ferromagnetism (i.e. an alignment of magnetic dipoles) and ferroelectricity (i.e. an alignment of
electric dipoles) coexist and are intertwined (Fig.1 (a)). In these materials, the cross-coupling effect,
the so-called magnetoelectric (ME) coupling (between spin and charge degrees of freedom), is a
playground for many applications. This ME effect can lead to the control of the polarization P
(magnetization M) by applying a magnetic H (electric E) field and is a key feature for future
information technologies 1 . The quest for novel multiferroic materials exhibiting spectacular ME
coupling is one of the most exciting challenges in the field and drives a considerable amount of
research from chemists and physicists alike2. This was recently re-motivated by the discovery of type
II multiferroics, where ferroelectricity is induced by complex magnetic orders and a strong ME
coupling is detected 3 . We are interested in the study of the multiferroic properties of the spinel
GeFe2O4. This system presents a complex non-colinear magnetic order 4 and signatures of ME
couplings and multiferroicity have been detected (Fig.1 (b)).
Figure 1: (a) The three ferroic orders and
their interplay in multiferroic materials.
The polarization P, magnetization M, and
strain ε is usually controlled by applying an
electric field E, magnetic field H, and stress
σ respectively. In magnetoelectric (ME)
multiferroics, the cross-coupling effect
induces a control of P (M) by applying a
magnetic H (electric E) field. (b) Electric
polarization measured at low temperature
and under magnetic field in GeFe2O4.
Research topic and facilities available: The purpose of this internship will be to explore the
multiferroic properties of GeFe2O4. Macroscopic characterizations (magnetization and electrical
measurements under magnetic field and at low temperatures) will be performed at the laboratory to
complete the data set we already have. These measurements will be supplemented by diffraction at the
laboratory and at large-scale facilities when necessary (synchrotron and/or neutron sources). The main
objective will be to understand the microscopic mechanisms behind the multiferroic properties of
GeFe2O4. Symmetry analysis and/or simulations will be also considered.
Possible collaboration and networking: The student will be in direct collaboration with the
researchers of the “Materials, Radiation and Structure” as well as the “Magnetism and
Superconducting” teams of the Néel Institute. This work may also involve interactions with
theoreticians and technical staff of the laboratory.
Possible extension as a PhD: This internship could be extended into a PhD with the possibility of
opening the research project to the study of dynamical ME effects.
Required skills: The student should have a background in condensed matter physics with a strong
interest for experimental physics addressing fundamental questions.
Starting date: January or early February 2020.

Contact: Name: CHAIX Laura, Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone: 04 76 88 78 05 e-mail: laura.chaix@neel.cnrs.fr
1 M. Fiebig, J. Phys. D 38, R123 (2005).

2 Y. Tokura, et al., Rep. Prog. Phys. 77, 076501 (2014).
3 S.-W. Cheong and M. Mostovoy, Nature Mater. 6, 13 (2007).
4 G. Perversi et al., Commun. Phys. 1, 69 (2018).
Guided interactions with rare-earth luminescent centers for quantum information

processing
General Scope:
Rare-earth ions because of their unique 4f electronic configuration form well isolated systems when
embedded in solids. They have long coherence time at low temperature making them highly promising
qubits for the development of quantum technologies. Their well-known optical transitions can be now
used as a support for optical quantum memories and more generally as a fast and versatile element of
control on the qubit. High quality optical crystals containing rare-earth as low concentration impurities
can be obtained routinely. The qubit manipulation using both optical and radio-frequency excitations is
directly performed on millimeter-size bulk with a going through laser beam and proximity electrodes
RF coupling (see figure). Higher integration is desired (see figure, left) not only to improve the
readiness level of quantum technologies but also to obtain a stronger optical and RF coupling leading
to a faster operation time.
Bulk oxides doped with rare-earth ions can be

advantageously replaced by semiconductor doped
matrices to shrink the device to micro-size scale and
then benefiting from a strong optical and RF field GaN on sapphire template (left) grown at CEA.
confinements for qubit addressing. Zoom: Ridge waveguide fabricated by diamond
saw dicing

In this project, we propose to investigate experimentally a new platform for rare-earth based quantum
processing by considering epitaxial semiconductors as host matrices instead of bulk oxides (see
figure). The growth and fabrication of III-V semiconductors (see figure, right) inheriting from years of
development in electronics allow to access micro- and nano-size samples. Bulk devices can now be
compacted by three orders of magnitude allowing a stronger (optical and RF) fields confinement and a
much faster qubit control as a consequence.
At the start of the project and depending on the expectation of the candidate, the internship can be
oriented toward the sample fabrication and/or the design of the optical setup to probe thin epitaxial
films. Both aspects are very demanding in terms of technical skills with material engineering on one
side and optical design in low temperature environment on the other side.
Possible collaboration and networking: M. Hocevar (Néel), B. Daudin CEA/IRIG

Required skills: Experimental including optics, materials science and engineering, nanofabrication.
Starting date: between January and April 2020
Contact:
Name: Thierry Chanelière Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone: 04 76 88 10 07 e-mail: thierry.chaneliere@neel.cnrs.fr
Glass Nanomechanical Resonators in the Quantum Ground State

Context:
Keywords: Quantum engineering, two-level systems, glass
Highly motivated students are sought for an ERC-funded project devoted to identifying the
universal low energy excitations of glass. These excitations, thought to be two level systems (TLSs)
formed by atoms or groups of atoms tunneling between nearly equivalent states, will be probed on the
individual level for the first time. This will allow us to make a microscopic test of the controversial
“tunneling model” of glass.
Objectives and means available:

In order to access individual TLSs, a glass nanomechanical resonator will be cooled to its
quantum ground state around 1 mK. Only a few research groups worldwide have succeeded in
cooling a mechanical resonator to the ground state, and most of them use active cooling schemes in
which only the mechanical mode of interest is cold. In contrast, we will draw on our expertise in ultra-
low temperature measurements to cool the entire mechanical resonator to 1 mK.
Ultimately, we are interested in properties of quantum matter. In particular, the identity of the
TLSs will be investigated by making the first measurements of individual TLSs inside a mechanical
resonator. The quantum state of the resonator will be controlled using a qubit to enable these
measurements. First we will look for a signature of an individual TLS in spectroscopic measurements
of the ground-state glass resonator. Then we will use quantum control of the mechanical resonator to
in turn control and measure the quantum state of the TLS. This will yield information about the TLS
and a test of the “tunneling model” mentioned above.
Figure: Intrinsic tunneling two level systems (TLSs) inside a glass nanomechanical resonator. The mechanical
resonator will be cooled to the quantum ground state to enable measurements of the individual TLSs.
Possible collaborations and networking:

This work may involve collaboration and interactions with researchers at the Institut Néel,
elsewhere in Europe and in the United States.
Required profile:
The student should have a strong interest in fundamental research and making challenging
measurements at very low temperatures, as well as a thorough understanding of quantum theory at the
Master’s Degree level.
This internship may be followed by a funded PhD position.
Starting Date : Flexible

Contact : Andrew Fefferman
Institut Néel - CNRS : andrew.fefferman@neel.cnrs.fr
Plus d'informations sur : http://uni-glass.eu
Skyrmions around room temperature in ferromagnetic/rare earth nanostructures
General Scope:
Magnetic skyrmions are chiral nanoscale textures [1] that show potential future device applications in
the transportation and storage of information. On a fundamental level, skyrmions are model systems
for topologically protected spin textures, emphasizing the role of topology in the classification of
complex states of condensed matter. At the forefront of this research field is the development of
transition-metal-based magnetic multilayer structures that support skyrmionic states around room
temperature and allow for the precise control of skyrmions by applied currents and external fields.
Recent experiments at the Sextants beamline (SOLEIL synchrotron) reveal the generation of
skyrmions in Fe/Gd multilayers, by exploiting Fourier Transform Holography methods. This work
builds on previously published work on Fe/Gd systems [2,3]. Our holography results (at T=320K) are
summarized in figure 1(left) and figure 1(right) above. The left panel (1) shows the holography images
(as developed in [4]) for magnetic fields H applied parallel to the X-ray beam and the right for
magnetic fields applied antiparallel (H systematically perpendicular to the film).
Figure 1. Holography images of the magnetic domain formation
magnetic fields applied parallel (left 1) and antiparallel (right 2) to
the X-ray beam. Skyrmion like structures are observed in figures (g-
h-i) with opposite dominant polarization for Fe/Gd multilayers. The
diameter circles is 2m.
Skyrmion-like magnetic textures (diame

ter~120nm) are formed (figs f-i) and their polarization
can be controlled the direction of the magnetic fields
(compare fig.1i to fig.2i). The aim of this is project is
to tune skyrmions in ferromagnetic/rare earth
devices by varying the temperature T and the magnetic field H for specific multilayers.

At the Institute Neel, the candidate will explore the existence of skyrmions in ferromagnetic/rare earth
multilayers by varying the nature (Gd,Tb,Fe,Co) as well as the thicknesses of layers. In particular,
intensive extraordinary hall effects measurements will be tested in the [3-700]K and [0-8]Tesla ranges,
for planar and perpendicular magnetic fields.
Bibliography: [1] T. H. R. Skyrme, Nuclear Phys. 31, 556 (1962). [2] J.C.T. Lee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 109 022402 (2016) ;
S.A. Montoya et al. Phys. Rev. B 95 024415 (2017) ; S.A. Montoya et al. Phys. Rev. B 95 224405 (2017) [3] M. Guizar-
Sicairos et al., Optics Express 15, 17592 (2007). [4] T.A. Duckworth et al Opt. Express 19, 16223 (2011).

The student will be working within the Surface Interface Nanostructure (SIN) team of the Néel
Institute. He/she will use different equipment’s available at the laboratory (sputtering, X-Ray, Hall
effects, resistance and magnetizations, nanofabrication). In collaboration with “Epitaxie couches
minces”, “Ingénierie Expérimentales”, “Nanofab”, and “X’Press” technological groups, as well as
Spintec (UMR 8191, Grenoble)
Required skills: Background in condensed matter physics (interests in the field of spintronic).
Starting date: March/April 2020
Contact: Fettar Farid Institut Néel–CNRS Phone:04.76.88.11.42, Email: farid.fettar@neel.cnrs.fr

Second harmonic generation in optically trapped gold nanoparticles
General Scope: Since their introduction in 1986, optical tweezers become a standard tool for non-
invasive manipulation in microbiology, chemistry, and soft-mater physics. In this context we have
developed an original approach based on the use of optical fiber including the experimental and
numerical tools to quantify the optical forces acting on
the trapped particles. Recently we have demonstrated
stable and reversible trapping of dielectric micro- and
nanoparticle trapping using different types of nano-
structures optical fibers.
A further challenging application of our fibered optical
nano-tweezers consists in the study of second
harmonic generation (SHG) in single gold nano-
particles. This is actually a very active research subject
at the interface of plasmonics, non linear optics, and Optical Tweezers set up for micro- and
nano-photonics. In this context the possibility to study nanoparticle trapping.
“free-standing”, only optically trapped, particles is a
great advantage as it allows to suppress any environmental influence. It will be the first realization of
this experiment.
Research topic and facilities available: The first part of the internship consist in characterizing and
optimizing the optical trapping conditions for spherical gold nano-particles, which will enable the
student to get familiar with the main concepts of optical trapping. In a next step, to enable nonlinear
measurements, the student will implement the femtosecond laser beam into the trapping chamber and
run SHG measurements.
The internship is mostly experimental, but straightforward theoretical considerations will also be
required for the design and optimization of the experimental set-up.
The training will take place in Institut Néel's Nano-optics and Forces Team, which combines in a
stimulating scientific environment great expertise on near-field optics, fiber optics, plasmonics, and
nanoparticle physics & elaboration.
Possible collaboration and networking: This work will be done in close collaboration with G.
Bachelier from Institut Néels NOF team. He is specialist in nonlinear optics and particularly in second
harmonic generation in metallic nanoparticles.
Possible extension as a PhD: yes
Required skills: Master or Engineer students with knowledge in optics, nanoscience or material
science.
Starting date: free, as a function of the university
Contact: Jochen Fick
Institut Néel - CNRS,
Phone: 04 76 88 10 86
e-mail: jochen.fick@neel.cnrs.fr
http://perso.neel.cnrs.fr/jochen.fick/
Optical Particle Trapping in Air
General Scope: Since their introduction in 1986, optical tweezers become a standard tool for non-
invasive manipulation in microbiology, chemistry, and solid state physics. In this context we have
developed an original approach based on the use of optical fiber nano-tips. Photoluminescent micro-
and nanoparticles can be stably trapped with this
device which is also used for the spectroscopic
investigation of trapped particles.
To further develop our optical tweezers capacities,

we aim to realize optical trapping in air. This is a
quite challenging task as nanoparticles in close
vicinity to any surface are subject to very strong
adhesion forces. Moreover, the lower viscosity of air
results in stronger Brownian motion. Thus the entire
trap geometry has to be modified and special care has Optical Tweezers set up for nanoparticle
to be given to the particle feeding system. After its trapping in air.
set-up, this original device will allow outstanding
spectroscopic study of free particles in controlled
environment. Here, we will focus on two distinct particle systems which actually cause great research
interest : anisotropic rare earth-doped nanoparticles and plasmonic oxide nanoparticles. Special
considerations will be given to external perturbations of the particles optical properties.
Research topic and facilities available: Recently, we have investigated the optical forces of one
single beam acting on dielectric microparticles and micron-sized water droplets. The main task of the
student will be to extend this work to the dual beam configuration and thus to realize optical trapping.
The characterization of the trapping using different nano-structured fibers and particles, will allow the
student to get familiar with the main concepts of this very dynamic research field.
The internship will take place in Institut Néel's Nano-optics and Forces Team, which combines in a
stimulating scientific environment great expertise on optical trapping, near-field optics, fiber optics,
plasmonics, and nanoparticle physics & elaboration.
Possible collaboration and networking: The work is part of the national French SpecTra project.
This student will work together with our partners form University Dijon and École Polytechnique at
Palaiseau.
Required skills: Master or Engineer students, highly motivated by experimental work, and having
basic theoretical skills for experimental data treatment and knowledge in optics, nano-science and/ or
material science.
Starting date: free, as a function of the university
Contact: Jochen FickInstitut
Néel - CNRS,
Phone: 04 76 88 10 86
e-mail: jochen.fick@neel.cnrs.fr
http://perso.neel.cnrs.fr/jochen.fick/
Raman spectroscopy study of sulfur in hydrothermal fluids
General Scope:
Subduction zones on the Earth involve seawater into deep circulation in the crust. Under high T-P,
hydrothermal fluids originated from this seawater realize an important matter transport. Sulfate is the
most important ligand in seawater, after chloride. This sulfur participates in the formation of many
types of hydrothermal ore deposits in the crust. The knowledge of sulfur speciation is crucial for metal
transport and precipitation modelling. This project investigates into quantification and characterization
of sulfur speciation under hydrothermal conditions using in situ Raman spectroscopy.
Thermodynamic modelling of aqueous systems rich in sulfur

requires knowledge of the stability of major sulfur aqueous
species at high T-P. Nowadays, the properties of H2SO4 species
remain poorly understood. Exceptional hydrothermal
spectroscopic equipment (photo) recently developed in the Néel
Institute allows accurate in-situ measurements at high T-P by
Raman spectroscopy. The key experiments will be performed in
the systems H2SO4-H2O and (NH4)2SO4-H2O at 25-600°C and
500-2000 bar.

This internship is a part of ANR project Radicals
(http://www.get.obs-mip.fr/ recherche/projet/ radicalS) in the Silicone O-ring
framework of collaboration within Institut Néel/ESRF Sample
(Grenoble), GET (Toulouse) and l’IMPMC/ENS (Paris).
Required skills:
General interest in hydrothermal experimental chemistry, goods bases and skills in physiques and
aqueous chemistry.
Starting date: February 2020 – June 2020, Néel Institute, in-city Raman facility at high T-P
Contact:
Hazemann J-Louis, Institut Néel 04 76 88 74 07 jean-louis.hazemann@neel.cnrs.fr
Bazarkina Elena F. Institut Néel, ESRF 04 76 88 25 47 elena.bazarkina@neel.cnrs.fr

Confined nucleation and growth of molecular nanocrystals for biophotonics:

fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy
General Scope: We have developed an original process of sonocrystallization in solution (nucleation
favored by the application of ultrasound to the crystallization solution) to confine the nucleation and
growth of organic nanocrystals (NCs) in droplets. This results in highly fluorescent tracers for
biological imaging based on two-photon fluorescence scanning microscopy. These tracers (40-100
nm) are based on molecular NCs, which combine the good photostability of crystals with a high
number of molecules (105-106) constituting each NC, thus enhancing strongly the cross sections of
absorption and fluorescence emission. This leads to bright tracers that greatly increase fluorescence
contrasts for deep 3D imaging in biological tissues (see image below). On the other hand, we have
started, in collaboration with biologists, to test the possibility of preparing molecular NCs for
photodynamic therapy (PDT). Finally, some specific molecular NCs (non-centrosymmetric structure
or highly conjugated molecules) will be involved in the characterization of optical nonlinear (ONL)
properties of nanocrystals (two-photon absorption, second harmonic generation, exaltation of excitonic
properties, etc.) in collaboration with physicists.

The main objective will be to control the confined crystallization of molecular NCs in droplets of
organic solvents. For that, organic compounds will be dissolved in organic solvents miscible with
water (alcohols, THF, dioxane…). The resulting solutions will be suddenly sprayed and dispersed in
water through ultrasounds. As water is generally a non-solvent for molecular phases, the
corresponding NCs will nucleate and grow when the solvent droplets will be gradually mixed in water.
We recently made a step-forward in the control of this process by producing nanometer-sized crystals
(50 nm in diameter). Based now on a fully developed reactor, the goal is now to produce
monodisperse initial droplets to obtain narrow size distributions of NCs (50-100 nm) by adjusting
accurately the confined nanocrystallization conditions. The
resulting NCs will be characterized by X-ray diffraction,
electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), dynamic light
scattering, Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies. Finally,
we will plan to couple this confined nanocrystallization
method in solutions to sol-gel chemistry to cover in a second
step the NCs with a thin amorphous shell to produce
biocompatible NCs and allow then their bio-functionalization
for in vitro or in vivo studies (fluorescence imaging, see image
beside, and PDT experiments).

Lab. Chimie ENS Lyon, INSERM Lyon, IBMM Montpellier
Possible extension as a PhD: Possible, depending on funding
Required skills: Chemistry, material science. The candidate should demonstrate a strong interest in
the development and characterizations of nanomaterials with spectroscopic (fluorescence) properties
for biological or nanomedicine applications.
Starting date: 2019-20
Contact : Alain Ibanez, Institut Néel, CNRS. Phone: 0476887805 e-mail: alain.ibanez@neel.cnrs.fr

Investigation of magnetization processes in R-M intermetallic compounds
General scope : The R-M phases based on rare-earth (R) and transition metals (M) are fascinating
materials from both applied and fundamental viewpoints. Indeed, R-M have led to the first modern
magnets like Sm-Co (SmCo5 and Sm2Co17 type) and latter to the high performance Nd-Fe-B magnets.
Other examples are the (Dy,Tb)Fe2 type Terfenol ® alloys which are by far the best magnetostrictive
materials to date and are widely used in sensors and actuators leading to many applications (Sonar).
Other R-M alloys have also contributed to the development of various techniques such as magneto-
optic recording on thin films (Gd-Co). Some compounds are now also considered for new applications
such as spintronic devices (Gd-Co), magnetic refrigeration using magnetocaloric materials (LaFeSi,
RCo2..). The R-M compounds are however complex materials and need fundamental studies to master
their magnetic properties and optimize their performances. Indeed, they are combining two types of
magnetism, the localized magnetic moment originating from the inner 4f electronic shells of the R
element with the delocalized magnetic moments carried by the itinerant 3d electrons of the M
transition metals. Depending upon the atomic concentration one can thus play with different origin of
the magnetization. From a fundamental point of view, the R-M compounds are ideal systems to probe
solid state magnetism since they are presenting a wide range of unusual magnetic behaviour.
Research to be carried out : Among the and the underlying mechanism involved in
interesting magnetization process that attracted such unusual magnetization process have to be
our attention, we can cite magnetization clarified. The internship will include synthesis
reversal in hard magnetic materials exhibiting of polycrystalline samples, measurements of
promising magnetic properties for permanent their physical properties (structural and
magnet applications. We also recently magnetic) and analysis of the observed
discovered the occurence of ultrasharp behavior. This will be done in close interaction
magnetization behaviour in LaFe12B6 see with the researchers using equipments already
Figure. This manifest itself by unexpected available.
giant metamagnetic transitions consisting of a 20
succession of extremely sharp magnetization 15

LaFe12B6
B
steps separated by plateaus. This behavior has 10
been found at low temperature in LaFe12B6. 5

E
This unprecedent behaviour for a purely 3d

M (B/f.u.)
A
0
itinerant electron system needs to be further
-5
investigated since it presents many remarkable C
properties. For instance, under certain -10

2K
combinations of the external parameters -15
D
(temperature and magnetic field), the time -20
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
dependence of the magnetization displays an
0H (T)
unusual step-like feature. However, the origin
Ongoing collaborations : In the frame of this research work, different collaborations are already
established in particular with the Institute Laue Langevin, Czech collaborators specialists of magnetic
measurements at high pressure and Brazilian colleagues. This will be an added value to the project.
This internship is aimed to be followed by a Ph. Thesis
Formation / skills : Master 2 in Solid State Physics or Nanophysics or Engineer in Materials sciences
Interest for experiments and wish to broaden its knowledge in fundamental and applied sciences.
Starting period foreseen : February or march 2020
Contact: Olivier ISNARD, Dept. PLUM NEEL CNRS : tél 04 76 88 11 46 olivier.isnard@neel.cnrs.fr

Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment in an electron microscope: Application to

luminescence lifetime mapping at the nanoscale
General scope:
More than two decades have passed since the first demonstration of blue gallium nitride
(GaN)-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Today, blue and white LEDs have achieved much
higher efficiencies than competing technologies and billions of these LEDs are produced
every week. By combining aluminium nitride (AlN) with GaN in an alloy, the wavelength of
LED emission can be tuned in ultraviolet (UV) over a spectral range from 210 nm to 400 nm.
Compared to conventional UV sources, such as mercury lamps, UV LEDs offer a number of
advantages. They are extremely robust, compact, and environmentally friendly and have very
long lifetimes. However, despite sustained research efforts, the efficiency of UV LEDs
remains limited (< 1% for deep-UV LEDs compared to more than 80% for blue LEDs).
Indeed, several technological barriers
still limit their efficiency: structural
defects, difficult doping, and inefficient
light extraction...In order to establish the
relationships between efficiency and
material characteristics, it is necessary to
have a precise knowledge of the
efficiency of these emitters at a
nanoscale.
Research topic and facilities available: Figure 1 ‐Schematic diagram of the CL setup as well as the
photon correlation module
In this context, we develop a new
method to measure the decay time in the UV range with a temporal resolution of 50 ps while
having a spatial resolution of 50 nm, for temperatures ranging from 4 K to 300 K. To achieve
this objective, we use a Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometer coupled to a
cathodoluminescence system in a scanning electron microscope. This interferometer will
make it possible to analyze the statistics of photons emitted by cathodoluminescence. By
taking advantage of the specificity of electron excitation, this technique allows the study of
the luminescence decay time for any type of material. During his/her internship, the student
will start by studying state-of-the-art quantum well-based UV LEDs. Then, he/she will study
the efficiency of NW-based UV LEDs developed in Grenoble by Bruno Daudin (CEA-IRIG).
Finally, he/she will use this experimental setup to characterize unique photon sources emitting
in the deep UV.
Possible collaboration and networking: This work will involve collaborations with
researchers from CEA Grenoble and Germany.
Possible extension as a PhD: Several funding opportunities are available. Please contact us
for more information.
Required skills: The candidate should have a master 2 in Nanosciences or equivalent, with a
marked interest in experimental physics, material growth and characterization.
Starting date: Flexible
Contact: Gwénolé JACOPIN, Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone: +33 4 76 88 11 83 e-mail: gwenole.jacopin@gmail.com
Low-dose EDT for highly sensitive MOFs

General Scope:
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are materials that can be tailored for their structure and properties
by assembling organic functional molecules with metal atoms. The wide range of different MOFs have
enabled their use in numerous applications including catalysis, storage of fuels (hydrogen, methane),
capture of carbon dioxide, proton conductors for fuel cells, photovoltaics, sensors and electronic
materials. In recent years, there is an almost exponential increase of MOF structures in the Cambridge
Structural Database (CSD) so that there is no doubt that they will be one of the most important
material classes for innovation in the future. The development of these materials is closely dependant
on structural characterizations but for most MOFs it is notoriously difficult to obtain large enough
crystals of sufficient quality for X-ray structure analysis. Thus, there is a great number of highly
interesting compounds that have not yet been studied because of the difficulty of determining their
structures. We have recently developed a low-dose electron diffraction tomography (LD-EDT)
technique that is well adapted to such difficult materials. In this internship the student will be trained
to use the TEM and to apply LD-EDT to different MOFs. The goal is to optimize the experimental
parameters of the technique and to solve the structures of relevant MOFs synthesized by our
collaborators in Lyon.
The goal of this internship is to apply low-dose electron diffraction tomography to study the
atomic structure of these sensitive materials. The internship will include several stages:
 Performing electron diffraction experiments under these conditions on MOFs in order to
solve their structures.
 Investigation of the optimal experimental conditions yielding the highest quality
structure solutions.
 Solving the structures of MOFs from the LD-EDT data.
In the framework of a collaboration the MOFs

are synthesized by D. Luneau in Lyon and will be
studied for their structure in the Néel Institute.
The intern will be trained in the use of the
transmission electron microscope of the Néel
Institute. He/she will acquire diffraction data and
perform the complete data treatment using
specific computer programs that are available at
the Néel Institute, which should lead to the
resolution of the structures.
The intern will be integrated into the electron
microscopy group of the Néel Institute. He/she
will collaborate with the chemists that synthesize
the materials and the X-ray crystallographers of
the Néel Institute.
Possible extension as a PhD: Yes.
Education / Required skills: Master in Physics, Solid state chemistry, instrumental physics. Basic
knowledge in crystallography and diffraction
Start date: 2020
Contact : Holger KLEIN / Stéphanie KODJIKIAN
Institut Néel - CNRS, département PLUM
+33 4 76 88 79 41
holger.klein@neel.cnrs.fr, stephanie.kodjikian@grenoble.cnrs.fr
Extreme Microscopy for Elusive Nano-Materials

General Scope:
Nowadays new materials are invented in order to address social and economic issues. Chemists at the
Néel Institute synthesize new materials every day in search of new electrochemical, multiferroic or
optical properties!
Understanding the physical properties of a material (superconductivity, magnetism, non-linear optics
…) implies to completely know its internal organization. However, since most of these syntheses are
done in extreme conditions, ie. at high temperature and high pressure, these materials are in the form
of powders which in general contain several phases. In this case, conventional techniques of
crystallography, including the X-ray diffraction, reach their limits of applicability!
Transmission electron microscopy is a powerful technique that is particularly well suited for
research on nanomaterials, since it allows studying solids at atomic length scales. The recently
developed crystallographic methods for the study of nanomaterials based on electron diffraction are
particularly efficient. In particular, using electron diffraction tomography (EDT) we can determine the
crystallographic structure of an unknown phase from a single nano-metric particle.
Thus, this method is ideally suited to solve newly synthesized unknown structures!

The goal of this internship is to determine the structures of unknown phases using electron
diffraction tomography. The internship will include several stages:
 Performing electron diffraction tomography experiments
 Determining the structures of unknown phases using specialized crystallographic
software.
 Investigating the influence of different experimental parameters on the quality of the
structure solution.
The intern will be trained in the use of the

transmission electron microscope of the Néel
Institute. He/she will acquire diffraction data
and perform the complete data treatment using
specific computer programs that are available at
the Néel Institute, which should lead to the
resolution of the structures.

The intern will be integrated into the electron
microscopy group of the Néel Institute. He/she
will collaborate with the chemists that
synthesize the materials and the physicists of the Néel Institute interested in the physical properties.
Possible extension as a PhD: Yes.
Education / Required skills: Master in Physics, Solid state chemistry, instrumental physics. Basic
knowledge in crystallography and diffraction
Start date: 2020
Contact : Stéphanie KODJIKIAN / Holger KLEIN

Institut Néel - CNRS, département PLUM
+33 4 76 88 74 24
stephanie.kodjikian@grenoble.cnrs.fr, holger.klein@neel.cnrs.fr
Single electron transistor microscopy of two dimensional electron systems
General Scope: a)
A number of phenomena in condensed matter physics lead to an
inhomogeneous distribution of a physical quantity, e.g., the flux 1µm
distribution in superconductors or the electron density of states of a
semiconductor. A direct visualisation of these inhomogeneous states is Al
often the only way to reveal their existence. In a bulk measurement
without spatial resolution these effects may stay hidden. Scanning probe
microscopy allows the visualization of a physical quantity by scanning
the surface of interest with a small detector or probe. The images
represent high resolution maps of the specific property. Today these b)
techniques are a key tool in nanoscience and nanotechnology.

In this project, we will use a scanning single electron transistor
microscope at low temperatures (<300 mK) and high magnetic fields (0-
18T). This microscope has been recently developed at Néel Institute and
is now fully operational. The probe, a single electron transistor, allows
very sensitive electric charge detection. With such a scanning probe
microscope most of the two-dimensional electron systems can be studied.
Some prominent systems are edge channels in the quantum Hall regime,
surface states of three dimensional topological insulators or Fig. 1 a) Test sample
inhomogeneous electronic states close to a metal-insulator phase with Al electrostatic
transition. gates b) Scanning
In this project, the electronic states of graphene based structures will be single electron tran-
imaged. These structures are currently intensively studied all over the sistor image of the test
world but so far mostly by transport measurements. With an external sample.
magnetic field or an electrostatic gate, these samples exhibit a variety of
phase transitions, between the insulating and the conducting state. We expect to image directly
localized and delocalized electronic states in these graphene heterostructures with nanoscale spatial
resolution. Transport measurements can be done simultaneously in situ which allows a careful
characterisation of the sample close to a phase transition.
Possible extension as a PhD: YES
Required skills:
We are looking for a motivated student with a solid background in quantum and condensed matter
physics who is attracted by experimental physics. This project involves the work with scanning probe
techniques in a cryogenic environment (dilution refrigerator) and high magnetic fields. The candidate
will also learn to fabricate new single electron transistor probes in the Néel Institute clean rooms and
to elaborate the graphene samples for the project.
Starting date: 2020
Contact:
Name: Roman Kramer
Phone: 04 56 38 70 12 e-mail: roman.kramer@neel.cnrs.fr

Pressure as a way to control the cupling between magnetic and electric properties
General Scope: The magneto-electric effect couples the magnetic and electric properties of a
compound. It thus allows to control one type of property while acting on the other one. For instance, it
is possible to modify a system polarisation using an applied magnetic field or to control the system
magnetisation by the application of an electric field. These multifunctionnal compounds are called
multiferroics and are attracting a lot of attention both in the field of fundamental research (one need to
understand the fundamental mechanisms) and in the field of applied physics (for instance in
microelectronics, componants design, data storage, spintronics, micro-wave componants, etc.).
The magneto-electric compounds are few, the coupling often weak and working at below room
temperature. It is thus of utter importance to understand the fundamental mechanism at the orgin of
both the coupling and its amplitude. Recent work showed that the application of external contraints
such as pressure may strongly modify the magneto-electric properties of a system. THis work opened
numerous fundamental questions. Why? How? Can we control this effect? Does pressure acts only on
the magneto-electric coupling amplitude or on its existence itself? etc...
Temperature–pressure phase diagram of the magnetic model of CuO. Nature Com. 4, 2511 (2013).
Research topic and facilities available: The objective of the present theoretical internship will be to
contribute to answer theses questions by the calculation of the magneto-electric coupling as a function
of pressure on a typical system. The student will
• learn the theoretical foundations of the magneto-electric coupling calculation
• learn the basis of electronic structure calculations
• learn how to extract the important information from the calculation in order to built a model.
For this purpose the student will have access to national and/or regional computer centers.
Possible collaboration and networking: The student will collaborate with other theoreticians from
several French labs (ILL Grenoble, ISCR Rennes, CINAM Marseille) and to discuss with the
experimentalists working on the subject.
This internship can possibly be extended as a PhD.
Required skills: The student should have a good knowledge of quantum mechanics, as well as
knowledge of computers usage.
Starting date: between January and March 2019
Contact:
Name: Lepetit Marie-Bernadette, Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone: (+33) 4 76 88 12 89 e-mail: Marie-Bernadette.Lepetit@Neel.cnrs.fr
La pression comme contrôle du couplage entre propriétés magnétiques et électriques

Cadre général : L'effet magnéto-électrique couple les propriétés magnétiques et électriques d'un
matériau. Il permet donc de contrôler une propriété en agissant sur l'autre. Par exemple il est possible
de modifier la polarisation d'un système par l'application d'un champ magnétique ou inversement
l'aimantation par l'application d'un champ électrique. Ces systèmes multifonctionnels sont dits
multiferroïques et attirent beaucoup d'attention tant dans le domaine de la recherche fondamentale (il
faut comprendre), que dans celui des applications (micro-électronique, conception de composants,
stockage de données, électronique de spin, composants micro-onde, etc.).
Les composés magnéto-électriques sont peu nombreux, les couplages en général faibles et les
domaines de températures où le couplage existe en général bien en dessous de la température
ambiante. Il est donc crucial de comprendre tant les mécanismes microscopiques responsables de
l'existence d'un couplage, que les raisons qui font que celui-ci est de grande amplitude à une
température donnée. Des travaux récents montrent que l'application de contraintes extérieures peut
notablement influer sur ces propriétés. C'est par exemple le cas de la pression.
Diagramme de phase temperature–pression pour CuO. Nature Com. 4, 251 (2013)
Sujet exact, moyens disponibles : L'objectif de ce travail théorique sera donc de poser les jalons du
calcul du couplage magnéto-électrique en fonction de la pression dans un cas modèle. L'étudiant devra
donc
• s'initier au calcul aux bases théoriques sous tendant le calcul du couplage magnéto-électrique
• s'initier aux techniques du calcul de structure électronique
• apprendre à extraire l'information pertinente des calculs et à la modéliser.
Pour cela l'étudiant aura accès aux centres de calcul intensifs régionaux et nationaux.
Interactions et collaborations éventuelles : L'étudiant sera amené à travailler avec d'autres
théoriciens de différents laboratoires français (ILL Grenoble, ISCR Rennes, CINAM Marseille) et à
discuter avec les expérimentateurs travaillant sur le même sujet.
Ce stage pourra se poursuivre par une thèse.
Formation / Compétences : L'étudiant devra avoir une bonne connaissance de la mécanique
quantique ainsi que des connaissances de base en informatique.
Période envisagée pour le début du stage : entre janvier et mars 2020
Contact : Lepetit Marie-Bernadette, Institut Néel – CNRS.
Tél 04 76 88 12 89.
Mel : Marie-Bernadette.Lepetit@neel.cnrs.fr
Evolution of the equilibrium morphology of KH2PO4 crystals at

different growth conditions
General Scope:
Single crystals, such as KH2PO4 (fig. 1a), are central to many fields of science and industry. From all
the techniques used to obtain them, growth from solution remains one of the most efficient synthesis
route for synthetic crystalline solids in research laboratories and in the related industry. In solution
crystals are grown by lowering the temperature and develops flat faces (morphology), so the driving
force is the resulting supersaturation in the solution. Depending on several experimental conditions (T,
T lowering rate, pH, ...), this morphology can change because growth mechanisms are modified (fig.
1b). Being able to determine the changes in morphology and the growth mechanism for different
experimental conditions will lead to a better understanding and an optimization of the crystal growth
process.
Figure 1: a) KH2PO4 bulk crystal and sphere shaped sample obtained from that crystal and b) growth
mechanism as a function of supersaturation.

The main objective of this internship is to determine the effect of experimental parameters
(supersaturation, temperature, crystallization medium and solution viscosity, …) on the crystal habit
and morphology and also on the nucleation and growth kinetics. The internship will be made in
collaboration between two research laboratories. The experiments concerning low supersaturation
conditions will be performed at Néel Institute (Grenoble) in an original growth cell and the ones
concerning high supersaturation will be performed at CINaM (Marseille) in a µ-droplet-based
microfluidic platform. All the obtained results will be part of the data that will be used to develop a
numerical model able to predict the growth shapes of crystals.
Possible collaboration and networking: Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (Paris,

France)
Possible extension as a PhD: Possible if any financial support is found.
Required skills: Strong interest in materials science and experimental work is needed. Skills in crystal
growth will be appreciate.
Starting date: February/March 2020
Contact:
Name: Bertrand Ménaert & Julien Zaccaro & Alexandra Peña Revellez
Phone: 04 76 88 78 03 e-mail: bertrand.menaert@neel.cnrs.fr & julien.zaccaro@neel.cnrs.fr &
alexandra.pena@neel.cnrs.fr

Quantum logic gate in a silicon quantum dots array
Context : Electron spin qubits in silicon

form a serious contender for the realization
of a large-scale solid-state quantum
computer. Solid-state realizations are
considered scalable in general, but silicon
spin qubits stand out by their extremely
long coherence times, compatibility with
reliable and reproducible industrial
fabrication techniques and the feasibility to
integrate classical electronics. Universal
electron spin manipulation with excellent
fidelities was demonstrated in this system.
However, a key challenge for true Figure: Single-qubit operation (from Maurand et al. Nat. Comm.
2016) and scheme of an array of quantum dots as an architecture
scalability of silicon quantum computer for quantum computing.
architectures remains the realization of an
extended network of spin Qubits
Objectives and means available: The goal of the project is to design and measure silicon architectures
to perform basic quantum operations. More precisely, we will start with two electron spin qubits coupled
together in an array of quantum dots. We will investigate how to measure the spin state of such system
and how to implement two-Qubit logic gates. The quantum system will be designed in order to be
compatible with large scale integration. All the samples will be fabricated at CEA-LETI with a state of
the art CMOS facility to enable maximum output and reproducibility. To control and manipulate the
electron spin coherently, the applicant will benefit from the long-standing expertise of the Neel-group
in AlGaAs based electron spin qubits (computer control, low temperature cryogenics, low-noise
electronics, Radiofrequency electronics). ATOS group led by Cyril Allouche will guide the design of
the elementary spin qubit brick, with an emphasis on the modelling and simulation of quantum noise in
silicon, its consequences on the execution of quantum programs, and its implications on the physical
qubit architecture.
Interactions and collaborations: This work is part of a large collaborative effort between the CEA-
INAC, CEA-LETI and CNRS-Institut Néel to develop and push the technology of spin qubit in silicon
and investigate its potential scalability. In particular, the applicant will benefit from the collaboration
with ATOS on large scale architecture with spin qubit systems with possibilities of co-supervision of
CNRS and ATOS to tackle this ambitious program.
Skills and training: The experimental project relies on the knowledge accumulated in the field of few-
electron quantum dots and its new implementation in Si devices. All along this project, the candidate will
acquire important skills in the field of condensed matter physics: nanofabrication, cryogenics at mK, low-
noise electronics, computer control…
Foreseen start for the beginning of the internship: From January to April 2020
Possibility of continuation as a PhD on the same subject with funding already secured.
Contacts: Matias Urdampilleta et Tristan Meunier

Institut Néel/ CNRS- Université Joseph Fourier
Matias.urdampilleta@neel.cnrs.fr
Tristan.meunier@neel.cnrs.fr
plus d'information sur : http://neel.cnrs.fr
Laser cooling of solids for a new generation of spatial cryocooler
General Scope:
Laser cooling is a full-optical way to extract heat from a solid by pumping optical transitions of rare-
earth ions embedded in the crystal matrix. It is seen as a breakthrough technology for a new generation
of vibration free cryocoolers in the ~ 100 K temperature range which are required for some low-earth
observation satellite missions.

Crystals for lasercooling are grown by our colleagues from Pisa University (Italy). They are made of
Yttrium Lithium Fluoride (YLF) and are doped by as far as 10 % Yb rare-earth ions. We are now
building a experimental setup in order to implement cooling of a crystal in vacuum. The setup will be
as compact as possible and fiber coupled to a laser source in order to meet the criteria for spatial
integration.
LEFT: A crystal for laser cooling is installed in a crysotat for spectroscopy . The green line in its
middle correspond to fluorescence under laser excitation. RIGHT : 3D design of the laser cooling test
bench, to be mounted in vacuum. The laser will arrive through the fiber chuck on the right of the
image
During its internship the student will have the opportunity to work with the complete setup on the first
cooling tests. Numerical simulation by finite-element software will also be undertaken.

Air Liquide Advanced Technologies (Sassenage)
University of Pisa
Possible extension as a PhD: current application for a grant. Budget for extension not secured yet
Required skills: good knowledge of optics, interest for experimental physics
Starting date: any date starting January 2020
Contact:
Name: Gilles NOGUES e-mail: gilles.nogues@neel.cnrs.fr
Phone: +33 4 56 38 71 64

Search for superconductivity under pressure in mono and bi-layer graphene

General Scope:
The multiplication of the studies on graphene have resulted in a large number of the new applications.
However, very few experimental studies have been performed on his electronic properties under
pressure. Certainly, few changes are expected under pressure on the graphene mono-layer as it is
extremely hard in the basal plane. However, in our preliminary measurements shown in the figure, it is
clear that the resistance of the graphene sample changes enormously under pressure due to doping
effects. We intend to optimize this doping under pressure to over-dope single layer graphene and attain
the level where it has been predicted to be a chiral
superconductor [Nature
Phys. 8 (2012) 158].
Furthermore, the physics
of bi-layers under
pressure is certainly very
rich. For example, two
graphene monolayers,
stacked in a Moiré pattern
by a small angle rotation,
have been recently shown
to be superconducting at
low temperatures [Nature
556(2018)43]. We plan to
study the effect of
pressure on the Tc of
Moiré bilayers. Finally, Van-der-Waals bonding between two layers of graphene is weak and should
be sensitive to pressure, that will deform a bi-layer of graphene towards a diamond symmetry.
Theoretical calculations have predicted these structures to be superconductors [PRL
111(2013)066804].

The subject of the internship will consist in a first stage in the adaptation, for its assembly in the high-
pressure cells, of the graphene single and double layer samples, synthesized in collaboration with L.
Marty of the HYBRID Team. The student will thus acquire a solid experience in nanofabrication. He
will proceed then to make transport measurements as a function of temperature down to 1K in both
piston-cylinder systems (P<2GPa; with P. Rodière, MagSup team) and in Bridgman cells (<30GPa;
with M. Nunez-Regueiro and M-A. Measson MagSup Team). These measurements will enrich his
knowledge of electronic properties of two-dimensional materials.

Networking: ANR projet obtained in 2019. Teams of the Néel Institute, Institut Lumière Matière
(Lyon), Sorbonne University (Paris).
Possible extension as a PhD: YES
Required skills: Good knowledge of condensed matter physics, curiosity, taste for delicate
experiments
Starting date:march-april 2020
Contact: Name: Manuel Núñez-Regueiro
e-mail: nunez@neel.cnrs.fr
Optimization of the solution composition to grow the chiral ferromagnet α-LiFe5O8 from
high temperature solutions
General Scope:
LiFe5O8 (LFO) belongs to the ferrite family of materials and recently it has shown an effective
magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect, at relatively high temperatures (120-300 K), due to the fact that
it possesses a large magnetization. The α form of LFO crystallizes in a B-site-ordered spinel structure
with a cubic symmetry in the P4332/P4132 space group (fig. 1a) and it is chiral from a crystallographic
and from a magnetic point of view. For some of the properties shown by LFO, such as the magneto-
chiral dichroism, the obtained crystals should be homo-chiral because in racemic twin crystals this
property is cancelled. For this reason, the determination of the growth conditions to obtain homo-
chiral LFO crystals is important.
Figure 1: a) Crystallographic structure of α-LiFe5O8 and b) α-LiFe5O8 crystals obtained by spontaneous

nucleation from a solution with a composition 0.08Fe2O3-0.42B2O3-0.5Li2O.

Recently we have grown mm size α-LiFe5O8 crystals (fig. 1b) but the structure determination done by
X-ray showed that the obtained crystals were racemic. So, the main objective of this internship is to
optimize/change the solution composition used so far in order to obtain homo-chiral α-LiFe5O8
crystals. The growth method, used during the internship, will be a high temperature flux one. The
growth devices are available in the technical services (pôle Cristaux Massifs of MCBT department).
The different characterization of the obtained crystals will be done mainly by Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (pôle POM and X’Press of PLUM department).
Possible collaboration and networking: Hiroshima University
Possible extension as a PhD: Possible if any financial support is found.
Required skills: Strong interest in materials science and experimental work is needed. Skills in crystal
growth will be appreciate.
Starting date: February/March 2020
Contact:
Name: Alexandra Peña Revellez & Bertrand Ménaert
Phone: 0476887941e-mail: alexandra.pena@neel.cnrs.fr & bertrand.menaert@neel.cnrs.fr

A bright source of entangled photon pairs
General Scope:
Entangled photons pairs are a key resource for quantum information processing, in particular for
quantum communications. For example, they enable the realization of quantum relays that can extend
the distance of quantum key distribution. To be useful, a source of entangled photon pairs has to be
bright and tunable, emit indistinguishable photons, and operate on-demand to allow scaling up to
many pairs.
This project targets the first demonstration of
such a source. On-demand, polarization-
entangled photon pairs will be emitted by a
semiconductor quantum dot, by exploiting
the biexciton-exciton radiative cascade. The
cancelation of the excitonic fine structure
splitting will be obtained by applying
suitable strain, using piezo-electric actuators
and an original electrostatic technique (cf
Figure 1 (a) scheme representing the tapered photonic wire
figure). A tapered nanocavity will containing a quantum dot sandwiched between two mirrors.
simultaneously ensure the efficient The piezo actuator will perform the strain tuning of the
extraction of both exciton and biexciton quantum dot. (b) Scanning electron image showing that the
photons and provide a broadband strain tuning will also be performed by electrostatic
spontaneous emission speed-up, in order to actuation via closeby electrodes.
achieve photon indistinguishability.

This is a starting project connected to a recently obtained ANR grant (IPOD). During the internship,
the work will consist in setting up the ultra-sharp spectroscopic tools for the separation of the two-
photon excitation laser, and the two quantum dot lines that will be used to generate the entangled
photons. Most of the equipement (cryostat, lasers, spectrometer) is already available and will be
complemented thanks to the ANR support. The internship is meant to go on with a PhD, during which
a post-doc will be recruited to team up.
Possible collaboration and networking: The samples are fabricated by our colleagues (J. Claudon
and J.M. Gérard) from CEA Grenoble. The project involves original samples, and it will therefore be
carried out in very close interaction with them.
Possible extension as a PhD: Yes. Funding can be obtained via « Ecole Doctorale » and LANEF
program.
Required skills: The internship will consist in experimental work in optics and spectroscopy. Good
background in optics, and quantum physics is recommended.
Starting date: Beginning of 2020
Contact: Jean-Philippe Poizat,

Phone: 04 56 38 71 65 e-mail: jean-philippe.poizat@neel.cnrs.fr

Graphene based superconducting quantum bit
General Scope:
The future of nanoelectronics will be quantum. The downscaling in electronics has now reached a
point where the size of the devices (less than 10 nm) means that their quantum behavior must be taken
into account. While this might be seen by some industries as a major problem this also gives a real
opportunity to imagine and build devices with new quantum functionalities.
A key building block for future quantum electronics systems is the quantum bit. Such system has two
possible states (0 and 1) that follow the laws of quantum mechanics. One example is that one might
build any superposition of 0 and 1. This will have implications for building future quantum computers.
In this work we want to build a new type of device to implement a quantum bit that would have strong
advantages over other competing systems. The idea is to use the know-how that has been developed in
the superconducting quantum bit community over the past 20 years and integrate in the core of the
system a semiconducting material to bring novel electrical functionality to the device, in the form of a
voltage-tunable energy. We will use graphene, a two-dimensional zero-band-gap semiconductor,
because of the potential scalability of such approach. Such device is expected to behave as a quantum
two-level system with an energy structure that can be tuned with an electric field (gate) thanks to
graphene (see figure).
A one atom-thick sheet of graphene will thus have to be integrated into a superconducting quantum bit
design using nanofabrication techniques available at the Institute. Such sample will then be measured
at very low temperature (20mK) in a dilution refrigerator using radiofrequency (1-10 GHz) techniques.
After the demonstration of the electrical tunability, more advanced measurements will be carried out
in the following PhD project: lifetime, coherence, coherent manipulation...
Figure 1: Optical image of the first generation of graphene based superconducting qubit. The graphene
link (Josephson junction), 200nm long, is not visible at this scale. On the right, the equivalent electrical
circuit shows that this device will behave as an electrically tunable quantum two-level system.
Possible collaboration and networking: The student will be part of the Hybrid team, which has a
multidisciplinary expertise (growth, nanofabrication, electronic transport, spectroscopy...). The team
has also several external collaborations worldwide (France, Switzerland, Germany, Canada).
Possible extension as a PhD: Yes (already funded)
Required skills: The internship (and the PhD thesis) will require a solid background in solid
state/condensed matter physics. The work will be mainly experimental. The candidate is expected to
be strongly motivated to learn the associated techniques (nanofabrication in clean room,
radiofrequency electronics, cryogenics...) and engage in an hands-on experimental work.
Starting date: March 2020 (flexible)
Contact:
Name: Julien Renard, Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone: 0456387176 e-mail:julien.renard@neel.cnrs.fr
http://perso.neel.cnrs.fr/julien.renard/
Recycling of end of life NdFeB

magnets
General Scope:
In the frame of the “Sintermagrec” project, funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR-
17-ASTR-0014-02), your mission will be to develop a new fabrication process of NdFeB magnets
from recycled NdFeB magnets collected in urban mines. In the proposed process, sintered magnets
collected in WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipments) are, first, pulverised into NdFeB
powders. In a second step, the development of non-conventional sintering techniques using the powder
opens up an interesting valorization perspective. Thus, within the framework of the proposed study,
attention will be given to study the influence of the processing parameters on the induced
microstructure and on the final magnetic properties
As part of the team, you will conduct the tests (heat treatments, milling, DRX, microscopy, etc…),
exploit the results, report on the results (both written and oral reports).
Research topic and facilities available

In CNRS/ Néel Institute, you will benefit from the expertise of the TEMA group
(Processing Elaboration Materials Applications, 6 persons) on the development of processes
using intense magnetic fields, on the recycling processes as well as on the synthesis of alloys
in various forms.
Facilities available in the group include high superconducting magnets, various processing tools
(induction cold crucible, furnaces, milling facilities, separation tools, etc…) and characterization
devices (laser granulometry, ATD/TGA, microscopy, etc…). All common facilities from Institut Néel
available as well (SEM, magnetic measurements, DRX, etc…)

This subject is part of the "Sintermagrec” project, which involves both academic and industrial
contacts.
Required skills:
-Interest in the recycling and the valorization of by-products.
-General curriculum with a specialty in Materials Science.
-Autonomy, initiative and ability to work in a team and to adapt to a collaborative project, which
includes partners from academic research and industry.
-Knowledge in physicochemical processes and/or metallurgy is welcome.
Starting date: Spring 2020
Contact:
Sophie RIVOIRARD, Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone:04 76 88 90 32 e-mail:sophie.rivoirard@neel.cnrs.fr
Quantum states generation in microwave

photonics with superconducting circuits
General Scope: One of the present leading technologies for the realization of a quantum computer
is based on superconducting quantum circuits (SQCs). It exploits superconducting circuits based on
Josephson junctions, which are characterized by quantized energy levels and for this reason can be
adopted as quantum bits (qubits), the basic units of quantum information. Quantum computing with
SQCs very commonly takes advantage of the interaction between superconducting qubits and classical
microwave fields for qubit control and readout. However, it is also possible to convert quantum
information encoded in superconducting qubits to quantum states of travelling microwave
electromagnetic radiation. Such interconversion would enable quantum information to be transported
between distant qubit registers, forming genuine quantum networks, and is likely to be required for
very large-scale quantum computing.
Traveling wave parametric amplifier

(TWPA) we recently developed [1]. The
chip in the middle (purple rectangle) is
made from a superconducting
metamaterial, providing the non-linearity
used to generate non-classical states of
microwave light.
This Master project aims at engineering, controlling and characterizing quantum states of travelling
microwave fields by using superconducting quantum circuits. In particular, superconducting quantum
devices known as Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) will be used as a source of non-
classical electromagnetic radiation in the microwave regime [1]. The student will contribute to setting-
up and performing the experiments for the generation and detection of quantum states of light in the
microwave domain using the TWPAs devices, which are developed in the Neel Institute.
[1] A photonic crystal Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifier, L. Planat, et al. arXiv
1907.10158
Research topic and facilities available: The Quanteca team specializes in the coherent control
and manipulation of superconducting qubits and it is one of the world leading team for the
development of Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifiers. The student will use state-of-the-art setups
combining very low temperatures (around 10 mK) and quantum-limited microwave detection chains.
The devices are fabricated in the clean room of the Neel Institute (Nanofab). If the candidate is
interested in learning these fabrication techniques, she/he can be associated to this part of the project
as well.
Possible collaboration and networking: Our team is part of several national and international
networks. For this specific project we are collaborating closely with D. Basko at LPMMC in Grenoble
and M. Mirrahimi at INRIA, Paris.
This internship can be pursued toward a PhD
Required skills: Master 2 or Engineering degree. We are seeking motivated students who want to
take part to a state-of-the-art experiment and put some efforts in the theoretical understanding of
Quantum Optics experiments with superconducting circuits.
Contact: ROCH Nicolas

Institut Néel - CNRS : phone: +33 4 56 38 71 77 email: nicolas.roch@neel.cnrs.fr
More information : http://neel.cnrs.fr & http://perso.neel.cnrs.fr/nicolas.roch
C o h e r e n t m an i p u l a t i o n o f a m a n y -bo d y s u p e r c o n d u c t i n g q u a nt u m c i r c ui t s
General Scope: One of the present leading technologies for the realization of a universal quantum
computer is based on superconducting quantum circuits (SQCs). It exploits superconducting circuits
based on Josephson junctions, which are characterized by quantized energy levels and for this reason
can be adopted as quantum bits (qubits), the basic units of quantum information. While high quantum
coherence has been demonstrated for systems containing a few number of qubits, a full-fledge
quantum computer will require the interconnection and manipulation of hundreds of highly coherent
qubits. This obviously imposes very challenging engineering issues but also raises interesting points
regarding our current understanding of quantum mechanics. For example, questions such as “how
coherent can a large quantum system be?” or “what is the quantum to classical transition when many
quantum systems are interacting?” remain open.
Our team focuses on the fabrication and
characterization of machines called quantum
simulators [1,2], which are dedicated to a
given class of physical problems (e.g. quantum
impurities, Hubbard models...). The required
building blocks (quantum bits) as well as the
control electronics are similar to the one of the
Quantum simulator we recently developed [1]. A quantum universal quantum computer but since
bit (in red) couples to a superconducting metamaterial (in universality is not required, the overhead
blue). This metamaterial hosts as many as 30 propagating developments are less stringent. As such, these
electromagnetic modes, which are all strongly coupled to simulators should allow us to address the
the qubit. This forms a complex many-body system, which above-mentioned questions with an
simulates a class of problems called “quantum experimental platform much simpler than a
impurities”. universal quantum computer. This Master
project aims at setting-up an experiment to perform time-resolved manipulation of the quantum
simulator we recently demonstrated. In particular, the student will develop quantum information
protocols to reveal the coherence properties of this many-body system.
[1] A tunable Josephson platform to explore many-body quantum optics in circuit-QED, J. Puertas-
Martinez, et al. npj Quant. Info. 5, 19 (2019).
[2] Superconducting quantum bits with artificial damping tackle the many body problem, A. Cottet,
npj Quant. Info. 5, 21 (2019).
Research topic and facilities available: The quanteca team specializes in the coherent control
and manipulation of superconducting quantum circuits. The student will use state-of-the-art setups
combining very low temperatures (around 10 mK), fast electronics and quantum-limited microwave
detection chains. The devices are fabricated in the clean room of the Neel Institute (Nanofab). This
project is funded by the European Union via the QuantERA Network.
Possible collaboration and networking: Our team is part of several national and international
networks. For this specific project we are collaborating closely with Serge Florens at the Néel Institute
and with Izak Snyman at the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Required skills: Master 2 or Engineering degree. We are seeking motivated students who want to
take part to a state-of-the-art experiment and put some efforts in the theoretical understanding of
many-body physics using superconducting quantum circuit. This internship can be pursued toward a
PhD.
Contact: ROCH Nicolas

Institut Néel - CNRS : phone: +33 4 56 38 71 77 email: nicolas.roch@neel.cnrs.fr
More information : http://neel.cnrs.fr & http://perso.neel.cnrs.fr/nicolas.roch
Second son, turbulence quantique & Vortex
Cadre général :
En dessous de 2,17 K, l’hélium liquide acquiert des propriétés

quantiques spectaculaires : écoulement sans viscosité́, quantification des
mouvements tourbillonnaires... On s’attend donc à ce que sa turbulence,
appelée « Turbulence Quantique », diffère de la turbulence « classique ».
Etonnamment, plusieurs études suggèrent que la seule différence entre

ces deux turbulences se concentre aux petites échelles. En l’absence d’un
mécanisme de dissipation efficace, une accumulation désordonnée de
tourbillons de diamètre atomique (les vortex quantiques) est prédite, mais Tourbillons superfluides
cet effet n’a jamais été mesuré directement. (simulations Baggaley et al.)
L’objectif de ce stage est de préparer la détection d’une cette éventuelle accumulation grâce à une sonde à
haute résolution, puis de modéliser ce phénomène. Outre une meilleure compréhension de la turbulence
quantique, cela fournira un étalon très contraignant pour des modèles numériques développés
conjointement par nos collaborateurs. Une thèse pourra prolonger ce stage.
Sujet, moyens disponibles :

Amplitude 2nd son
0. 01
Une nouvelle génération de sondes de vortex quantiques vient
d’être mise au point. Ces « pinces à second son » reposent sur
0. 006
l’atténuation d’ondes thermiques en présence de vortex
quantiques (cf figure). Ces ondes thermiques s’établissent dans
0. 002 une micro-cavité ouverte, traversée par l’écoulement. Elles
16 20 24 28 seront exploitées dans nos souffleries superfluides.
Freq. [kHz]
Le sujet du stage de M2 se focalisera sur la caractérisation

Modes de résonances d’une micro-cavité à
second son traversée par un fluide quantique, expérimentale et la modélisation analytique de ces micro-
en présence (rouge) ou quasi-absence (bleu) résonateurs à second-son, puis sur leur mise en œuvre dans des
de vortex quantiques situations d’intérêt physique.

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une collaboration inter-laboratoires visant à améliorer
significativement la capacité de simulation des écoulements quantiques (Centrale Lyon/CNRS/ENS-
Ulm/Univ. Grenoble-Alpes/Univ. Rouen).
Ce stage pourra se poursuivre par une thèse : Oui.
Formation / Compétences développées : Hydrodynamique & Turbulence quantique, Physique des

basses températures, Nanotechnologie & micro-fabrication, Traitement du signal, Instrumentation
Période envisagée pour le début du stage : indifférente
Contact : Philippe Roche, Institut Néel – CNRS/ UGA, per@neel.cnrs.fr http://hydro.cnrs.me

Pour candidater : merci d’envoyer votre CV (pas la peine d’envoyer de lettre de motivation)
Faire chanter un fil dans un fluide quantique
Cadre général :
Au dessus d’un certain seuil de vitesse,

un obstacle placé dans un écoulement
libère dans son sillage un réseau
périodique de tourbillons, souvent
appelé allée de Von Kármán. Ce
phénomène est par exemple à l’origine
du « chant » des fils dans le vent.
Le sifflement produit par un cylindre dans un écoulement est associé à une
Le même phénomène a récemment été émission périodique de vortex. Qu’advient-il dans un fluide quantique ?
observé dans les condensats de Bose- (dessin extrait du « Le fil qui chante » (Morris & Goscinny.)
Einstein, mais toujours pas dans le plus
commun des fluides quantiques : l’hélium superfluide. Cette observation permettrait pourtant de sonder
indirectement la couche limite se formant entre un superfluide et une paroi, qui constitue une interface
mal comprise. L’objectif du stage est de tenter d’observer ce phénomène.
Une thèse sur la thématique des écoulements superfluides pourra prolonger ce stage.
Sujet, moyens disponibles :

Le ou la stagiaire assemblera un canal parallélépédique à
partir de galettes de silicium couvertes de capteurs de
vortex. Ces pièces ont été micro-fabriquées en salle blanche
et testées (cf photo). On opérera ensuite ce disposif dans un
petit cryostat en verre rempli de superfluide et traitera les
mesures acquises par ordinateur afin de déceler l’éventuelle
manifestation d’une allée de Von Karman.
Galettes de silicium couvertes de capteurs de
vortex superfluides, destinées à former les parois
d’un canal de détection d’allées de Von Karman
quantiques.

La possible thèse prolongeant le stage s’inscrira dans le cadre d’une collaboration inter-laboratoires
visant à améliorer significativement la capacité de simulation des écoulements quantiques (Centrale
Lyon / CNRS / ENS Ulm / Univ. Grenoble-Alpes / Univ. Rouen).
Ce stage pourra se poursuivre par une thèse : Oui.
Formation / Compétences développées : Hydrodynamique, Physique quantique, Physique des basses

températures, Traitement du signal, Instrumentation.
Période envisagée pour le début du stage : indifférente
Contact : Philippe Roche, Institut Néel – CNRS/ UGA, per@neel.cnrs.fr http://hydro.cnrs.me

Pour candidater : merci d’envoyer CV (lettre de motivation inutile).
Superconductivity at proximity of an electronic
instability
General Scope:
Superconductivity is a spectacular macroscopic manifestation of the quantum coherence of

electrons. This state is now used for numerous technological issues from green electricity,
high magnetic field production to future electronic. However, the mechanism at the origin of
the superconductivity still not yet fully understood, especially for systems with strong
electronic correlations. In these systems, spectacular high critical temperature, unusual
superconducting state are observed. They are often observed at proximity of another
electronic ground state, and both
phenome are connected. Pressure is
an easy way to tune the system and
to understand the microscopic
mechanism at the origin of the
superconductivity.
The main aim of our research is to
develop and use new tools under
pressure to observed this particular
superconductivity.
Figure 1 Pressure cell for

superconducting condensate
measurement

We will probe the superconducting properties by measuring simultaneity the magnetic
penetration depth  and the resistivity through a contactless method. The magnetic
penetration depth is very fundamental and directly related to the electron density forming the
superfluid condensate but also to the superconducting gap. Moreover, the temperature
dependence reflects the existence of possible nodes in the superconducting gap, a
consequence of broken symmetry induced in the superconducting state. We will compare the
results obtained to different models.

We will use an original experimental set-up with world wide performances. We will work at
very low temperature very close to the absolute 0K. This work could be performed in strong
collaboration with the high pressure lab of the ESRF (G. Garbarino) and/or high magnetic
field lab.
Required skills: The candidate will have taste for experimental physic. She/He should have a strong
background in solid state physics, electromagnetism and quantum mechanics.
Starting date: 2020
Contact:
Name: RODIERE Pierre - Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone: 0476881026e-mail: pierre.rodiere@neel.cnrs.fr - More information: http://neel.cnrs.fr
Elaboration of epitaxial Rubidium Titanyl Phosphate (RTP) thin films
General Scope:
Potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4, KTP) is
a nonlinear optical crystal that is used
commercially for second harmonic generation
(SHG) of the 1.064 μm Nd:YAG laser for
example. Most of its applications are based on
bulk KTP crystals. Nevertheless, it was reported
[1] that a type-II second-harmonic generation and
sum-frequency mixing could be realized in
uniform epitaxial RbTiOPO4 (RTP) films over
KTP channel waveguides prepared by Pulsed
Laser Deposition (PLD). Such waveguides could
open the way to efficient low energy nonlinear
optical devices for numerous applications in
particular in optical Telecom.
[1] Liu et al., J. Appl. Phys. 76 (12)

RTP single crystals are already grown at the lab by flux method. These massive single crystals will be
used as target in a low vacuum chamber in order to deposit thin films by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD).
The deposition conditions will be optimized to ensure the formation of the right phase, as well as a high
crystal quality.
The obtained films will be characterized by X-ray Diffraction (powder and at grazing angle, both
available at the Institut Néel), as well as by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The epitaxy quality will be
monitored by texture measurements including XRD and EBSD as well as transmission electron
microscopy. According to the film quality, SHG will be studied at the Institut Néel.
Possible extension as a PhD:

Yes if funding
Required skills:
Good skills in Materials Sciences (Deposition techniques, vacuum knowledges, characterization
techniques: XRD, SEM)
Good writing and oral skills
Starting date: February-March 2020
Contact: Mathieu Salaün

e-mail: mathieu.salaun@neel.cnrs.fr

Kondo-cloud extension around quantum dots

General scope:
Known for a long time in metals with magnetic impurities, the Kondo effect has shown a revival in the
context of semiconductor quantum dots (QD). This many-body effect results from the dynamical
screening of an unpaired electron spin by the conduction electrons of the reservoirs. Remarkably, the
transmission through this coherent Kondo state is perfect, and all the physical quantities are
characterized by a single characteristic scale . According to theory, the conduction electrons
involved in this process should form a screening cloud around the localized spin with a characteristic
length scale . The objective of the project is to demonstrate the existence and to measure the spatial
extension of this "Kondo cloud" which is predicted to extend over several microns.
Research project:
The originality of the project is to use scanning gate
microscopy (SGM) to vary continuously the size of the
electron reservoir hosting the Kondo cloud of the QD. The
modulations of the Kondo resonance due to interference in
the tip-induced finite-size reservoir will be measured via two
weakly-coupled leads. The dependence of these modulations
with the reservoir size will provide an experimental
determination of the Kondo length. This length will be
studied as a function of temperature, parallel magnetic field,
and tunnel coupling to the screening reservoir.
Collaboration and networking:

The M2 student will work in the QNES team of the Néel Institute and perform the SGM experiments.
The QD devices in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures will be fabricated by collaborators at C2N in Paris.
The student will also interact with researchers at the CEA-Grenoble for some of the transport
measurements, and with a theoretical group at the Néel Institute.
Extension as a PhD:
A PhD grant is available on this project, which is funded by the ANR grant KONEX 2019-2023. The
objective of the PhD thesis will be to develop further the above-mentioned experiments, and then to
study the Kondo cloud extension in more complex samples containing two distant QDs, coupled to a
common reservoir, and sharing the same Kondo cloud. A few SGM experiments at very-low
temperature will also be performed with collaborators at IMCN in Belgium to probe the Kondo cloud
in the strong coupling regime.
Required skills:
The student should follow a master program in condensed matter physics, quantum physics, or nano-
physics, with lectures on quantum transport and advanced quantum mechanics. He/She should be
highly motivated by working on a fundamental research topic, and by doing delicate experiments at
low temperature.
Starting date: February or March 2020

Contact: Hermann SELLIER
CNRS - Institut Néel - D418
Phone: 04 76 88 10 86
e-mail: hermann.sellier@neel.cnrs.fr
More information: http://neel.cnrs.fr/spip.php?article4952
Scanning gate microscopy of quantum Hall edge channels in graphene
General scope:
Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms where electrons
behave as massless Dirac fermions due to the linear dispersion
relation around the K points of the Brillouin zone. In
perpendicular magnetic field, the formation of discrete Landau
levels gives rise to the well-known quantum Hall effect where
electron transport takes place along the sample edges via chiral
edge channels. The specificity of graphene is to present a
relativistic quantum Hall effect with an electron-hole
symmetric and four-fold degenerate Landau level spectrum. Interestingly, in high quality devices, the
four-fold degeneracy is lifted, giving rise to four separate states with different spin and valley quantum
numbers. The exact nature of each state is not precisely known but should result from the competition
between the Zeeman energy, the long-range Coulomb repulsion, and the lattice-scale interactions.
Using a substrate with a very high dielectric constant, we discovered a quantum spin Hall phase at
charge neutrality which is characterized by helical edge transport properties. Achieving a better
understanding of these quantum Hall states is important both from a fundamental point of view and for
the perspectives of using graphene in future quantum technologies. This is the objective of the project.
Research project:
We will employ scanning gate microscopy (SGM) to investigate the spatial
distribution and the properties of the quantum Hall edge channels resulting
from the lifting of the Landau level degeneracy. A voltage-biased tip is
used to change locally the carrier density and thus manipulate the position
of the edge channels with sub-nanometer
resolution while measuring the impact on the
transmitted current. With this technique, one can
obtain a real-space mapping of the edge channel
distribution in the sample and probe their
sensitivity to backscattering. This last property will serve to investigate the
origin of the helical transport observed on the high-k dielectric substrates.
The spatial separation between the edge channels with lifted degeneracy will
give invaluable new insights to understand the effect of interactions on the
quantum Hall effect in graphene.
In our group, we developed a state-of-the-art fabrication method to produce high-quality graphene
devices with graphite bottom gates which are very suitable for scanning probe experiments. An
heterostructure is built from exfoliated graphene and boron nitride flakes using a van-der-Waals
picking and stacking technique. Clean-room processes (lithography, etching, deposition) are then
applied to obtain the device.
During the internship, the student will learn the sample fabrication and then use the scanning gate
microscope at low temperature and under high magnetic field to investigate the physics of graphene in
the quantum Hall regime as described above. The student should be interested both by sample
fabrication, delicate instrumentation, and fundamental physics.
Team : This work is supervised jointly by Hermann Sellier and Benjamin Sacépé (QNES team).
Required knowledge : Master in condensed matter physics, quantum physics, or nanophysics.
Starting date : February/March 2020.
Continuation on a PhD : Yes.
Contact : Hermann Sellier (or Benjamin Sacépé)
Néel Institute, CNRS / UGA, office: D418, tel: 04 76 88 10 86, hermann.sellier@neel.cnrs.fr
http://www.neel.cnrs.fr/spip.php?article4205

is a phenomenon occurring in many fields, ranging from engineering to natural sciences. Its
occurrence is expected to follow the Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT). Our goal is to test this
expectation by using the so-called artificial tree technique, where a liquid contained in a cavity is
connected to a vapor reservoir through a narrower constriction, also filled with liquid. Decreasing the
vapor pressure brings the liquid below its saturated pressure, even possibly at negative pressure (i.e.
the liquid is stretched). If the constriction is narrow enough (typically 5 nm in diameter) for capillarity
to stabilize the liquid confined inside, the cavity empties by cavitation. While cavitation is a generic
phenomenon, an ideal model fluid to test CNT is helium at cryogenic temperatures, because this
allows to easily explore a wide range of temperatures and thus probe the activated nature of the
cavitation process. We recently demonstrated hexane and helium cavitation in a microscopic version
of the artificial tree, consisting of alumina membranes presenting arrays of microscopic cavities,
coupled to the vapor reservoir through independent nanometric constrictions.
Optical signature of the stochastic

nature of hexane cavitation in
naporous alumina membranes

We now want to develop a macroscopic version, using a centimeter size cavity connected to the vapor
reservoir through a nanoporous plug. Such a geometry will allow to directly measure the intra-cavity
liquid pressure using a deformable diaphragm, and to quantitatively probe the CNT without any
assumption on the equation of state of helium at negative pressures.
The intern will use a simple approach (etching of a cavity in a glass slide, and sealing by a porous
silicon membrane) to fabricate a first generation device. Using existing set-ups, the intern will test this
device at room temperature using hexane as a fluid, then at cryogenic temperatures using helium.
Cavitation will be detected either optically or through volumetric measurements.

This project falls in the framework of an ANR project and will involve collaboration with our partners
in Paris (LPENS and INSP). A collaboration with ILM (Lyon) is also foreseen.
Possible extension as a PhD: Yes (second generation device allowing to measure the liquid density
and pressure as a function of the reservoir pressure, i.e. the chemical potential).
Required skills: Experiments combine cryogenics and optical techniques. A good knowledge of
general physics (including thermodynamics and optics) is required, as well as a solid background in
condensed matter physics (including statistical physics and/or soft matter). The candidate should be
self-motivated and have a strong curiosity about new phenomena.
Starting date: Any time in the period
Contact:
Name: Panayotis Spathis/ P.E. Wolf
Phone: 0456387059/0476881273 e-mail: panayotis.spathis@neel.cnrs.fr / pierre-etienne.wolf@neel.cnrs.fr

Fast and efficient one- and two-qubit gates in slicon based quantum processors
Context : In quantum nanoelectronics, a major

goal is to use quantum mechanics in order to
build efficient nanoprocessors. This requires the
ability to control electronic phenomena in a
nanostructure at the single electron level. In this
context, the electron's spin has been identified as
an appropriate degree of freedom for efficient
storage and manipulation of quantum
information. The defined building block of this
quantum computer strategy is the spin of a single
electron trapped in a quantum dot. The
implementation of the system as a quantum
nanoprocessor resembles the classical circuit
boards contained in a classical computer. In dot Figure: Views of a basic sample envisioned to
systems, all the basic operations of a quantum realize a two-dot structure to perform basic
nanoprocessor have been demonstrated for GaAs quantum operations. (from Maurand et al. Nature
spin qubits. Intense experimental effort is Communication 2016)
nowadays invested in silicon where coherence properties are the best observed so far for electron spin
qubits and which offers compatibility with CMOS technology used in microelectronics.
Objectives and means available: The goal of the project is to design and measure silicon
architectures to perform basic quantum operations. More precisely, we will start with two electron spin
qubits coupled together in a device. We will investigate how to measure the spin state of such system
and how to implement two-Qubit logic gates. All the samples will be fabricated at CEA-LETI with a
state of the art Si facility to enable maximum output and reproducibility. To perform full control, we
will add micromagnet close to the dot system to enable efficient one- and two-qubit gates. To control
and manipulate the electron spin coherently, the applicant will benefit from the long-standing expertise
of the Neel-group in AlGaAs based electron spin qubits (computer control, low temperature
cryogenics, low-noise electronics, Radiofrequency electronics).
Interactions and collaborations: This work is part of a large collaborative effort between the CEA-
INAC, CEA-LETI and CNRS-Institut Néel to develop and push the technology of spin qubit in silicon
and investigate its potential scalability. Collaboration with ATOS (the group lead by Cyril Allouche)
will guide the design of the elementary spin qubit brick with respect to the constraints of large scale
architecture.
Skills and training: The experimental project relies on the knowledge accumulated in the field of few-
electron quantum dots and its new implementation in Si devices. All along this project, the candidate will
acquire important skills in the field of condensed matter physics: nanofabrication, cryogenics at mK, low-
noise electronics, computer control…
Foreseen start for the beginning of the internship: From January to April 2020
Possibility of continuation as a PhD on the same subject with funding already secured.
Contacts: Matias Urdampilleta et Tristan Meunier

Institut Néel/ CNRS- Université Joseph Fourier
Matias.urdampilleta@neel.cnrs.fr
Tristan.meunier@neel.cnrs.fr
plus d'information sur : http://neel.cnrs.fr
Engineering mechanical oscillators in the quantum regime

for molecular spin qubits
General Scope: Spin-based quantum technologies aim at developing devices that actively exploit
quantum properties of the spin degree of freedom. In general, these devices rely on magnetic or electric
fields, but this project follows a fundamentally different approach that relies on mechanical motion to
control and detect single spins. The underlying coupling mechanism between spin and motion is
universal: the conservation of total
angular momentum. This approach
has become particularly relevant
given the recent development in the
field of nanomechanical oscillators
[1] and quantum acoustics [2]. This
strategy is also particularly well
adapted for spins carried by single-
molecule magnets, which are
coupled to mechanical motion
thanks to their magnetic properties.
Moreover, their spin states are long-
lived and make them attractive for
quantum computing [3]. Combining
molecular spin qubits and
mechanical oscillators is a
challenging project that will explore
rich physics, and could provide us Figure 1 : (a) Dilution cryostat used to perform measurements at 20
with a powerful platform for new mK. (b) Numerical model for the acoustic radiation of a
nanomechanical membrane, showing displacement on a log scale.
quantum technologies.
[1] J. J. Viennot, X. Ma, K. W. Lehnert, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2018)

[2] L. R. Sletten, B. A. Moores, J. J. Viennot, K. W. Lehnert, Phys. Rev. X (2019)
[3] C. Godfrin, R. Ballou, S. Klyatskaya, M. Ruben, W. Wernsdorfer, F. Balestro, Phys. Rev. Lett. (2018)
Research topic and facilities available: During this internship, the student will learn how to design,
fabricate and measure nanomechanical oscillators such as suspended graphene membranes, using
superconducting microwave circuits. The fabrication will take place in the clean room of the institute,
using state-of-the-art nano-fabrication techniques and high performance materials such as LiNbO3. The
microwave (GHz frequencies) measurements will be performed at cryogenic temperatures (20 mK)
using a dilution refrigerator. The aim of the project is first to experimentally control and optimize the
coupling of mechanical oscillators to acoustic wave transmission lines. On the longer term, molecular
spins will be coupled to these oscillators to explore spin-phonon interactions in the quantum regime and
use these interactions to control and readout molecular spin qubits.
Possible collaboration and networking: This project works in collaboration with various research
teams in Néel (in particular F. Balestro) and at CEA. We collaborate internationally with KIT (Germany).
Required skills: We are looking for a motivated student who is interested in learning a wide variety of
skills and being part of an experiment involving both technical and fundamental challenges.
Starting date: flexible

Contact: Jérémie Viennot Institut Néel - CNRS
Phone: 04 76 88 79 05 e-mail: jeremie.viennot@neel.cnrs.fr
is a phenomenon occurring in many fields, ranging from engineering to natural sciences. For most
fluids, the radius of the critical germ is of the order of one to several nanometers. One thus expects
cavitation to be hindered in nanoporous materials with pores diameters lying in this range, with a
direct impact on the nature of the evaporation mechanism in such materials. Our goal within the ANR
project CAVCONF is to measure the effect of confinement on the cavitation pressure, and to compare
the results to existing theories, using nanoporous alumina membranes as a model material. These
membranes present billions of parallel pores, the diameter of which can be tailored between typically
10 and 100 nm. These pores are open at one end on a vapor reservoir. We have recently developed a
technique to reduce their aperture diameter, which stabilizes the liquid phase in the resulting
constriction. Decreasing the vapor pressure brings the liquid inside the pores below its saturated
pressure, allowing to reach negative liquid pressures and cavitation. We thus demonstrated helium and
hexane cavitation in such membranes with nanopores diameters of order 30 nm, still a too large value
to observe an effect of confinement.

Our goal is to further reduce the pore diameter so as to observe and quantify the effect of confinement.
This requires to obtain smaller pores diameters, which we plan to achieve using controlled atomic
layer deposition of alumina on the pore surface. The intern will test this approach by performing
cavitation experiments at room temperature, using hexane as a fluid and an existing set-up. Obtaining
pores with a final small and well-defined diameter may be challenging if the surface of the native
pores is rough at the nanoscale. In this case, new fabrication techniques or alternative porous systems
will be studied in the framework of the internship.

This project will involve collaboration with our ANR partners in Paris (LPENS and INSP). A
collaboration with Padova University (Italy) is also foreseen within a common co-funded PhD project.

Extension to a PhD will include the quantification of the effect of confinement on cavitation, and the
study of the effect of a controlled roughness on condensation and evaporation, a question presently
debated in the adsorption community.
Required skills: A good knowledge of thermodynamics and optics is required, as well as a

background in condensed matter physics (including statistical physics and/or soft matter). The
candidate should be self-motivated and have a strong curiosity about new phenomena.
Contact:
Name: P.E. Wolf/ Panayotis Spathis
Phone: 0476881273/0456387059 e-mail: pierre-etienne.wolf@neel.cnrs.fr/ panayotis.spathis@neel.cnrs.fr

It is therefore of prime interest to develop ways of transferring information from one node to the other. The

packets. Using a Mach Zehnder interferometer will allow
to manipulate the single-electron wave packet in flight.
The missing brick in such a flying qubit architecture is a
single-shot single-electron detector that is able to detect
the single electron wave packets in flight. This could be
achieved by exploiting the extreme sensitivity of a
quantum sensor and will be developed in the follow-up
PhD project in order to realize full quantum operation of
a flying qubit using individual electrons.
References:
Possible extension as a PhD: yes; PhD funding available
Required skills:
The candidate should have a good background in quantum mechanics and solid-state physics. We are
looking for a motivated candidate who is interested in continuing this research project towards a PhD
degree.
Contact:
BAUERLE Christopher
General Scope: Cuprates were discovered in 1986 to show superconductivity at the highest
temperature at ambient pressure, a record they still detain (see figure), but their phenomenology
apparently cannot be grabbed by present theory, so that they are
considered among the main unsolved problems in physics today. In
this context, the discovery of the Na and vacancy doped
Ca2CuO2Cl2 oxychloride is very promising indeed to bridge the
gap between theory and experiment since it: lacks high Z atoms;
has a simplest crystalline structure for cuprates, stable at all doping Figure 1: Cuprates allows
and temperatures; and has a strong 2D character due to the exploiting magnetic levitation
replacement of apical oxygen with chlorine. Therefore, advanced above the liquid Nitrogen
calculations that incorporate correlation effects, such as quantum temperature, as shown in the
Monte Carlo are easier, but relatively little is known about picture (Mai-Linh Doan
Ca2CuO2Cl2 from an experimental point of view. We are now wikimedia commons, © Creative
filling this gap by a comprehensive experimental study covering the commons).
whole phase diagram, in particular of the magnon and phonon dispersion as well as their electronic
structure, using advanced approaches based on synchrotron radiations and laboratory spectroscopies.
Research topic and facilities available: During the internship we will measure, at the Instit. Néel,
point contact spectroscopy, in collaboration with H. Cercellier, and magnetic penetration depth, in
collaboration with P. Rodière. In the framework of the PhD project, most of experiment will be
planned at synchrotron facilities in Europe and around the world, mainly at ESRF (Grenoble) and
SOLEIL (Paris region), but also at NSLS-II (Brookhaven, US), Spring-8 (Japan) as well as other
facilities depending on available techniques, in order to unveil their electronic properties at a
microscopic level. Preparation of these experiments will require special care, as the materials are
sensitive to air, so that a special glove box is under installation at the Néel institute, and we will use its
facility also for crystal growth (large volume press), as well as crystalline (x-ray diffraction) and
superconducting (magnetometry) characterisation.
Possible collaboration and networking: Interpretation of the results will be made in collaboration
with group performing ab-initio electronic structure calculation including correlation effects in Paris
(S. Biermann, Ecole Polytechnique) and USA (L. K. Wagner, University of Illinois, Urbana). Sample
synthesis will be made in collaboration with the group of Prof. I. Yamada (Univ. of Osaka, Japan), P.
Toulemonde (Inst. Néel) and M. Azuma (Tokyo Inst. Of Technology). Part of the synchrotron
spectroscopy studies will be performed in collaboration with L. Chaix and H. Cercellier (Inst. Néel)
and M. Dean (Brookhaven National Laboratory).
Possible extension as a PhD: Yes, this project is part of a PhD program, of which this Master
Internship could be a first approach.
Required skills: A good background in electronic properties of material, with the will to have a global
approach, from material synthesis and characterization to advanced spectroscopic properties. Team
work will be an essential part of the project success.
Starting date: from winter 2019

Contact:
Name: D'ASTUTO Matteo
Phone: : (+33)(0)4 76 88 12 84e-mail: matteo.dastuto@neel.cnrs.frMore information:
http://neel.cnrs.fr
INTERNSHIP 2019-2020
© 2019 Institut NÉEL - Cellule Communication - FF
Institut NÉEL - CNRS
25, rue des Martyrs - BP 166 - 38042 neel.cnrs.fr

Grenoble cedex 9 - France

Brochure Stage Neel 2019 2020

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INTERNSHIP

Institut NEEL-CNRS 25, rue des Martyrs – Bâtiment - BP 166 –

Quantum interference and single-electron detection with flying qubits

Growth of TiO2-Anatase catalyst films for water splitting

Thermoelectric thin films

Graphene based superconducting quantum bit

Scanning gate microscopy of quantum Hall edge channels in graphene

High temperature superconducting oxychlorides: a light element model for cuprates

Research topic: The aim of the proposed M1 internship is

Starting date: spring 2020

Growth of TiO2-Anatase catalyst films for water splitting

TiO2(001) films have already been grown by pulsed

Possible collaboration and networking:

Starting date: March 2020

More information: http://neel.cnrs.fr

Etude de matériaux magnétiques à base d’élément de terre-rare et de cobalt ou fer

Sujet exact, moyens disponibles :

Interactions et collaborations éventuelles :

Formation / Compétences : Le profil est celui d’un(e) étudiant(e) de Master 1 ou d’Ecole

Période envisagée pour le début du stage : printemps – été 2020

Contact : Isnard Olivier

Research topic and facilities available:

Possible collaboration and networking:

Required skills: A good knowledge of thermodynamics and optics is required, as well as a

Starting date: Any time in the period.

High temperature superconducting oxychlorides: a light element model for cuprates

Starting date: from winter 2019

Thermoelectric thin films

Research topic and facilities available:

Thermoelectrical device based on bismuth-telluride thin films.

Possible extension as a PhD: Yes

Required skills: Interest in solid-state physics and experimental physics, characterization

Investigating Multiferroïcity in Doubly Ordered Perovskites

Keywords: Multiferroic materials, Structure, Magnetism

Context: We study a new class of multi-functional magnets called

Objective and available means: A proper understanding of the

Possible period for the beginning of the internship: February 2020

p-n junction nanowires for solar cells

Research topic and available facilities:

The student’s work will involve:

Contact: den Hertog Martien & Eva Monroy

Research topic and facilities available:

Possible collaboration and networking:

Starting date: internship 2020 ; possibly followed by 3 years PhD

Contact: Maxime Richard, Institut Néel - CNRS ; maxime.richard@neel.cnrs.fr

Helium cavitation using the artificial tree technique

Optical signature of the

Research topic and facilities available:

Possible collaboration and networking:

Starting date: Any time in the period.

More information: http://neel.cnrs.fr

Origin of the nonlinear response in gold nanoprism antennas

Research topic and facilities available:

Possible collaboration and networking:

Possible extension as a PhD:

Starting date: February - April

More information: http://neel.cnrs.fr

Molecular spin devices for quantum processing

[1] S. Thiele, F. Balestro, R. Ballou, S. Klyatskaya, M. Ruben, W. Wernsdorfer, Science 2014.

Possible extension as a PhD: Yes

More information: http://neel.cnrs.fr/spip.php?rubrique51

Quantum interference and

Research topic: The aim of the proposed M2 internship is

Possible extension as a PhD: yes; PhD funding available