• A function is a self-contained block of statements that perform a coherent

task of some kind.

• Every C program can be thought of as a collection of these function
• Any C program contains at least one function.
• − If a program contains only one function, it must be main( ).
• − If a C program contains more than one function, then one (and only one)
of these functions must be main( ), because program execution always
begins with main().
• − There is no limit on the number of functions that might be present in a C
program.
• − Each function in a program is called in the sequence specified by the
function calls in main( ).
• A function declaration tells the compiler about a function name and how to
call the function. The actual body of the function can be defined separately.

• A function declaration has the following parts:

return_type function_name( parameter list );

• Example - int max(int num1, int num2);

return_type function_name( parameter list )

body of the function

}
• A function definition in C programming language consists of a function header and
a function body. Here are all the parts of a function:

• Return Type:
• A function may return a value.
• The return_type is the data type of the value the function returns.
• Some functions perform the desired operations without returning a value. In this
case, the return_type is the keyword void.

• Function Name:
• This is the actual name of the function. The function name and the parameter list
together constitute the function signature.
• Parameters:
• A parameter is like a placeholder.
• When a function is invoked, you pass a value to the parameter. This value is
referred to as actual parameter or argument
• Function Body:
• The function body contains a collection of statements that define what the function
does.
 Calling a Function -
 While creating a C function, you give a definition of what the function has
to do.
 To use a function, you will have to call that function to perform the defined
task.
 When a program calls a function, program control is transferred to the
called function.
 A called function performs defined task, and when its return statement is
executed or when its function-ending closing brace is reached, it returns
program control back to the main program.
 To call a function, you simply need to pass the required parameters along
with function name, and if function returns a value, then you can store
returned value
#include<stdio.h>
void message(); /*function prototype declaration*/
int main( )
Function message() is invoked by main()
{
message( ) ; /*function call*/
printf ( "\nCry, and you stop the monotony!" ) ;
return 0; Then second printf() run
} Exit Function
void message( ) /*function definition*/ call
{
printf ( "\nSmile, and the world smiles with you..." ) ;
}
This printf run first
• #include<stdio.h> standard library included
• void message() function prototype declaration
• message() function call
• void message() function definition

main() becomes calling function

message() becomes called function

 C functions

LIBRARY
USER-DEFINED
FUNCTIONS
e.g. main()
e.g. printf(),scanf()
• Reduction in code redundancy
• Enabling code reuse
• Better readability
• Information Hiding
• Improved debugging and testing Improved
maintainability
THANK YOU