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Logical Reasoning
Analogy
Logical Reasoning
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Analogy
The word “Analogy” means “correspondence” , i.e., similarity between like features as of two
things.
Questions on analogy test the ability of a candidate to understand the relationship/bridge between
two given terms (set of numbers/alphabets) and apply the same relationship/bridge to find the
missing term in the question.
Types of Analogies
In reasoning, generally we come across two types of analogies:
Alphabet/Word analogy and
Number analogy
Alphabet/Word Analogy
It is about finding similar relationships between pairs of words given to us as a test item.
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Antonyms
o Poverty : Wealth :: Sickness : Health
o Love : Hate :: Humble : Proud
In this case the bridge between the words of the first set is same as the bridge between the
words of the second set.
e) Miscellaneous :
Here many cases are included with different categories such as
Symbol and what it stands for
o Flag : nation :: Heart : Love
Measurement
o Distance : Meter :: Weight : Pound
Time
o May : Summer :: December : Winter
Person – Relevance
o Heart : Cardiologist :: Teeth : Dentist
o Doctor : Stethoscope :: Surgeon : Scissors
Number Analogy
The number analogy is mainly categorized into 4 different logics. Based on these logics, we
can deduct the bridge of the analogy. They are as follows :
a) Basic Operators
In this category , the bridge mostly comprises of addition , subtraction , multiplication
and division.
Eg.
21 : 3 :: 574 : ?
i. 56
ii. 64
iii. 82
iv. 78
Bridge : divided by 7
B : D :: S : ?
i. H
ii. U
iii. X
iv. T
Bridge : +2 positional value
b) Raising to Powers
Here the bridge can be raising to powers, it could be squares , cubes , to the power 4,5,6,
…. so on.
Eg.
3 : 81 :: 5 : ?
i. 625
ii. 1025
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iii. 755
iv. 125
Bridge : raising to cube
c) Multiple Operators
In this category, we use multiple operators in a single bridge. For the second set, we use
same multiple operations in the same sequence to deduce the missing term.
Eg.,
22 : 47 :: 33: ?
i. 54
ii. 69
iii. 72
iv. 18
Bridge : (*2) + 7
d) Nature of each term
Here we have to observe the pattern in the nature of terms in the first set and deduce the
bridge. Using similar bridge we can find the missing term. The pattern could be anything
like prime, composite, odd, even, product of 2 numbers, digits etc. Some of the examples
are as follows.
Eg.,
42 : 56 :: 72 : ?
i. 87
ii. 58
iii. 84
iv. 90
Bridge : n*(n+1)
42 = 6*7
56 = 7*8
72 = 8*9
?=_*_
Note : In analogy its always important that we need to consider options , because sometimes
options helps us to deduce the bridge.
6 : 36 :: 5 : ?
i. 25
ii. 30
iii. 35
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iv. 29
Here if we observe the first set , we can deduct the number of cases. All the 3
cases can be deduced and all the options are feasible. Now, the problem arises to
choose the correct answer. Therefore we have to choose correct answer using
preferential order.
Preferential Order :
The preferential order for Analogy and Series is as follows
1) Basic Operations
i. Addition
ii. Subtraction
iii. Multiplication
iv. Division
2) Raising to powers
3) Multiple Operations
4) Nature of terms
Practice Exercise:
6) 16 : 26 : : 25 : ?
(a) 34 (b) 57
(c) 59 (d) 37
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(a) UESG (b) VEUS
(c) UGSA (d) SEUG
8) BH : JP : : EK : ?
(a)PS (b) KV
(c) MS (d) ST
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30) 11 : 121 :: 13 : ____
(a) 156 (b) 169
(C) 179 (d) 216
31) 144 : 23 :: 169: _____
(a)32 (b) 24
(c) 25 (d) 26
32) Select the pair that has the same analogy as the given pair: 9876: 12234567
(a) 34562: 89776 (b) 123: 122345
(c) 654321: 922346 (d) 9993: 8886
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42) 3131 : 9800030 :: 3 : ___
(a)9 (b) 6
(c) 666 (d) 66
50) Museum is related to Curator in the same way as Prison is related to….?
(a) Manager (b) Monitor
(c) Jailor (d) Warden
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