5G Architecture and VERTICALS, AUTONOMOUS DRIVING

CELLULAR VEHICLE TO EVERYTHING

Specifications ©20198 VIAVI Solutions Inc.
Product specifications and descriptions in this document are
subject to change without notice.
C-V2X (V2I, V2N, V2V, V2P)
30186386 927 1219 5g-po-fop-nse-ae

4G & 5G NEW RADIO (NR) END TO END (E2E) NETWORK ARCHITECTURE END TO END (E2E) NETWORK SLICING ARCHITECTURE viavisolutions.com/5G
NB-IoT
Parking
House

Examples of Service Adaptive Slices with Dynamic Deployments of Flexible Radio, RAN, Backend
Core functions and Transport, Data Centers resources
LTE/5G V2N
Radio Access Fiber, PON, E-UTRAN MEC Core Network
E2E Network Slice Lifecycle Management
Network (RAN) WDM, TSN
Multi-Access
Edge 4.5G EPC 3GPP (Radio, RAN, Core) &
OSS/BSS SDN-C Data Lake eMBB
Traffic lights,
road side
LTE/5G I2N
Edge cloud
S5/ non-3GPP (Transport xHAUL, Data Center) network domains Importance
xHAUL TRANSPORT
Computing (C-Core) NFVO & Analytics infrastructure LTE/5G
4.5G eNB S11 S8-C SGi-C
A High H
4.5G LTE W1-C/U Enhanced Mobile P2N
CU SGi-C
Broadband
4.5G LTE W1-C/U S1-MME MME SGW-C PGW-C TDF-C
AU/RU DU X2-C X2-U Medium
4.5G eMBB Function Split between Central Unit (CU) and

DevOps Closed Loop Automation

LLS
5G NR F1-U B G
5G NR F1-C
4.5G EPC
(D-Core)
Sxa-C/U
S5/
Sxb-C/U Sxc-C/U Low
Distributed Unit (DU) LTE/5G V2I

AU/RU DU SGi-U V2P

5G 5Gen-gNB
5G gNB 5G en-gNB S1-U S8-U 5G gNB 5G gNB
Core (UP) Core (CP) LTE/5G V2V via
E1 SGi-U (DU) (CU) The higher the split point (towards 1) • the lower the transport requirements • easier to MEC / eMBMS
LLS 5G NR F1-C CU-C
CU-C CU-U LTE/5G V2V
SGW-U PGW-U TDF-U cloudify the CU
5G gNB
Transport 3GPP Release 15 5G gNB F1 Lessen the coordination and centralization capabilities • more expensive DUs
5G NR F1-U (AU/RU)
X2-U S1-MME/S1-U network Edge DC Local DC Central DC
X2-C S1-MME/S1-U NR
C Option 2
4.5G LTE W1-C/U F CU (HLS)
standardized
DU (HLS) Local sensors Local sensors Local sensors
AU/RU DU 4.5G/5G Reference source: 5GAA Whitepaper: Toward fully connected vehicles: V2I V2N V2V V2P NB-IoT
4.5G/5G 5G Next Generation Core (NGC, 5GC) Edge computing for advanced automotive communications, Figure 1
CU
URLLC
LLS 5G NR F1-C/U (C-Core)
Xn-C Xn-U NG-C RRC PDCP High- Low- High- Low- High- Low- RF
RLC RLC MAC MAC PHY PHY
5G NR F1-U
Application mMTC D E URLLC
N11 Server
V2X V2X xMB-C/U
5G NR F1-C E1 AMF SMF Massive machine Ultra-reliable and
Data Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Option 7 Option 8 Control
V2
Application
5G gNB 5G gNB NG-C N2 Core (CP) type communications low latency communications
5G gNB V4 Function Server MB2-C/U
CU-C CU-U (CU)
Core (UP)
AU/RU DU NG-U N4 5G gNB 6 and 7
5G NR F1-C Transport BM-SC
5G (DU) CU (LLS) under study DU (LLS)
LLS Xn-C Xn-U network SGi
5G NR F1-U 5G Next Generation Core (NGC, 5GC)
NR Edge DC Local DC Central DC A Peak Data Rate - 20Gbps
HSS
SG-mb SGi-mb
(D-Core) Study in Progress in 3GPP
Source: 3GPP TR 38.801 V14.0.0 (2017-03) Figure 11.1.1-1 Sm
4.5G LTE W1-C/U
NG-U N6 B Area Traffic Capacity - 10Mbps/m2 S6a MBMS-GW
AU/RU DU 4.5G ng-eNB The lower the split point (towards 8) • increases the coordination S11
UPF DN
4.5G
LLS 4.5G LTE W1-C/U
CU N3 mMTC C Network Energy Efficiency - 100 Times and centralization capabilities • less complex DUs
The higher the transport requirements • more difficult to cloudify
MME
S1-MME S1-U
SGW/PGW
M1
NG-RAN M3
Application D Connection Density - 106/km2 (1 per m2) the CU 4G eNB
Server LTE-Uu LTE-Uu
E Latency - 1ms(Radio segment) 3GPP RAN Coordination
Transport xHAUL Midhaul Sidehaul Backhaul
5G gNB Core Split Standards CU DU & Centralization Bandwidth Requirements1
Latency
Requirements1 LTE-Uu
Higher Layer X2 between E-UTRAN base stations S1 between E-UTRAN & 4.5G EPC (CU + DU) (CP & UP) F Mobility - 500 km/h Option Benefits LTE-Uu
Split (HLS) Xn between NG-RAN base stations NG between NG-RAN & 5GC Transport V3 V3 V3 V3
Fronthaul 2 3GPP HLS RRC- RLC- None Similar to Backhaul rates (BHR) Loose
4.5G LTE W1 NR network
Edge DC Local DC Central DC G Spectrum Efficiency - 3 Times 5G F1 PDCP MAC- [DL: 4,016Mb/s] 1.5-10 ms
UE A PC5 UE B PC5 UE C UE D
Lower Layer Split (LLS) 5G NR F1 (Vehicle) (Vehicle) (Pedestrian) (Stationary)
PHY- [UL: 3,024 Mb/s] A
H User Experienced Data Rate - 100Mbps RF PC5
1. W1, LLS, AU/RU are not standardized as part of 3GPP Release 15
NOTES V2X V5 V2X V5 V2X V2X
2. 4.5G and 5G core network elements are not all shown in this network architecture diagram Source: Rec. ITU-R M.2083-0 Figure 3 and 4
6 3GPP LLS SI RRC- PHY- Centralized High Tight Application Application Application Application
PDCP- RF Scheduling, [DL: 1.03 x BHR] 250 us V1
V1 V1 V1
RLC- Carrier [UL: 1.88 x BHR]
MAC Aggregation,

5G ARCHITECTURE OPTIONS 5G RADIO SS and PBCH Block

SS/PBCH Blocks Burst Set Periodicity is network configurable {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms
5G RAN CoMP – Full
Downlink and
Partial Uplink
V5

Reference sources: 3GPP TS 23.285 - Figure 4.2.1.1-1, Figure 4.2.2-1a, Figure 4.2.2-1b
4G LTE C-V2X control
and applications
eMBMS

- 20ms is the default for initial Cell selection

Non Standalone (NSA) with Multi Connectivity Standalone (SA) Massive MIMO Beam Forming & Management Non-Standalone (NSA) (EN-DC) Architecture with Disaggregated 7 3GPP LLS SI RRC-
PDCP-
PHY (Lo)-
RF
Centralized
Scheduling,
Higher
7-3 [ DL: 2.5-5.5 x BHR]
Tight
250 us
B

Focus of 3GPP R15 5G NR Planned for 3GPP R15 5G NR

Burst period = 5ms RAN Functional Split RLC-
PHY (Hi)
Carrier
Aggregation,
[UL: 5.5-7.2 x BHR]
SPECIFICATIONS
Dec 2017 release Jun 2018 release UE 5G gNB SS Burst SS Burst SS Burst CoMP – Full 7-2 [DL: 9.4-21.5 x BHR]
Option 3: User Plane anchored in the 4G MeNB - Downlink and [UL: 18-28 x BHR]
Interface Estimated Transport Latency
Dynamic Offload to 5G NR Partial Uplink
Option 3/3a/3x Option 2
Cell (and Beam) Acquisition 7-1 [ DL: 2.5-5.5 x BHR]
For contention-based SS Block - PSS and SSS Option 3a: User Plane anchored in the 5G SgNB – X2 5-30 milliseconds between the 4G MeNB Specifications – Requirements & Architecture
5G NGC random access, an asso- MasterInformationBlock [UL: 18-28 x BHR]
4G EPC SS/PBCH blocks Candidate slots for SS/PBCH Blocks transmissions No Offload and 5G SgB in EN-DC mode V4 V6
ciation between SS block SystemInformationBlock- Slots in a Burst
Operating
Burst Period = 5ms 8 (IQ) Not RRC- RF Full RAN Scales with number of antenna Tightest TR 22.885: Study on LTE support for V2X services
in the SS burst set and a Remaining System Information (RMSI) [PDSCH] Type1 Frequency
L SCS Period (Slot
LLS 250 microseconds (more likely to be <100
subset of RACH resources Common for all Beams duration) Option 3x: User Plane anchored in the 5G SgNB – standardized PDCP- Coordination & ports 250 us
4G eNB 5G en-gNB 5G gNB Other System Information (OSI) [PDSCH] us) TS 22.886: Study on enhancement of 3GPP support for 5G
and/or preamble indices within a Cell < 3GHz 4 15 kHz 5 (1ms) Dynamic Offload to 4G LTE – vendor RLC- Centralization [DL: 39.3 x BHR] V2X services
(MN) (SN) is configured by a set of SystemInformationBlock- (FR1)
HLS 1.5~10 milliseconds (more likely to be <0.5- specific MAC- Benefits [UL: 52.4 x BHR] V4 application is V6 application is
parameters in RMSI Random Access Procedure Type2 and above 30kHz 10 (0.5ms)
1ms) CPRI/OBSAI PHY 16777355 16777356 TS 22.185: Service requirements for V2X services

Planned for 3GPP R15 5G NR Dec 2018 late-drop release Planned for 3GPP R15 5G NR Random access preamble (msg1) [PRACH] 3GHz to 6GHz 8 15kHz 5 (1ms)
S1 Varies depending on services requirements Diameter Diameter TS 22.186: Service requirements for enhanced V2X scenarios
(FR1)
Jun 2018 release Random access response (RAR) (Msg2) [PDSCH] 30kHz 10 (0.5ms) (<1ms ... 10ms) 1
Bandwidth and Latency figures are obtained and derived from 3GPP TR 38.801 V14.0.0 (2017-03) Table A-1
SCTP SCTP TS 23.285: Architecture enhancements for V2X services
Msg3 [PUSCH]
Option 4/4a Option 7/7a/7x Option 5 > 6GHz (FR2) 64 120kHz 40 (0.125ms) MME S-GW A Example use case: fixed wireless in FR2. CU can be cloudified pretty easily TS 33.185: Security aspect for LTE support of V2X services
Msg4 [PDSCH] 4G EPC Transport Transport

5G NGC 5G NGC 5G NGC 240kHz 80 (62.5us) TR 37.885: Study on evaluation methodology of new V2X use
S1-U B Example use case: mobility and to improve spectral efficiency in FR1.
cases for LTE & NR
Radio Link (and Beam) Monitoring 239 P
S1-MME/S1-U Example variants of
B Option 3a/3x
L is the maximum number of SS/PBCH blocks within a C possible CU-DU splits Interface complexity may depend on amount of signalling information exchanged between CU and DU and
4G ng-eNB 5G gNB 4G ng-eNB 5G SgNB RLM-RS (Radio Link Monitoring) single SS burst set per cell 192
H
Specifications - Protocols Reference Points
4G ng-eNB Option 3 – expected to decrease from option 6 to option 7-1. DU complexity and therefore cost expected to decrease
(SN) (MN) (MN) (SN) SS/PBCH blocks - SSB and/or CSI-RS Periodic
5G NR SS and PBCH Block Bandwidth SSB SSB
182 P P X2-C/U 5G gNB gNB E1 gNB from option 6 to option 7-1 TS 24.385: V2X services Management Object (MO)
Subcarrier
P
B
S
B 4G MeNB (CU) SgNB
FR1: Case A – 15kHz SCS: 3.6MHz S
S
C
S
S C
Option 3/3x (CU) (CU-C) (CU-U)
Number
Option 6 (MAC-PHY), Option 7 (Intra-PHY) Possible, Non-
Beam Failure Recovery FR1: Case B – 30kHz SCS: 7.2MHz H H (en-gNB) TS 24.386: User Equipment (UE) to V2X Control Function Protocol aspects; Stage 3 SDP V3
FR1: Case C – 30kHz SCS: 7.2MHz 56 MeNB TS 29.388: V2X Control Function to HSS aspects (V4); Stage 3 V4
Beam Sweeping HLS-F1-C/U
Exhaustive, Functional Split Options for DL (left) and UL (right)
Beam Failure Recovery Request [PUCCH] FR2: Case D – 120kHz SCS: 28.8MHz 47 P
FR2: Case E – 240kHz SCS: 57.6MHz B

4.5G & 5G 3GPP RELEASES HIGHLIGHTS

PDCCH Order [PDSCH] C Midhaul TS 29.389: Inter-V2X Control Function Signaling aspects (V6); Stage 3 V6
0 H
Random access preamble (Msg1) [PRACH] Each SS/PBCH blocks is LLS F1-C F1-U 3GPP Release 15 Study
• 4 OFDM Symbols in the time domain 0 1 2 3
Random access response (RAR) (Msg2) [PDCCH] Item Study on CU-DU Option 6 Option 6 3GPP TS 22.185 V2V V2P V2I V2N
• 240 contiguous Subcarriers in the frequency domain
OFDM symbol number
(DU) (3GPP R15 SI)
MAC
(3GPP R15 SI)
Release 15 RRC Connection Reconfiguration [PDSCH] lower layer split for NR
Latency <= 100ms <= 100ms <= 100ms (with RSU) <= 1000ms (E2E)
Key Features Release 13 Release 14
(Stage 3 Freeze Jun 2018) RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete [PUSCH] LLS With or without RSU With or without RSU
L1 <= 20ms (without RSU) <= 20ms (without RSU)
Refer to 3GPP TS 38.213 Section 4.1 for more details gNB gNB gNB
Cellular V2X Cellular V2X (C-V2X) V2X enhancements (eC-V2X) (AU/RU) Coding De-coding
(C-V2X) introduction Fronthaul (DU) (DU) (DU) Potential V2X service Mutual Vehicle Road safety use cases Road safety use cases Mutual Vehicle
Time-frequency structure of the synchronization Awareness and Road Awareness use
signal and PBCH block
Cellular LTE-M (Cat M1) LTE-M enhancements (Cat M2) LTE-M further enhancements Rate matching Rate de-matching safety case
(Narrowband)  NB-IoT (Cat NB1) NB-IoT enhancements (Cat NB-IoT further enhancements
Source: 3GPP TS 38.300 V15.0.0 (2017-12) Figure 5.2.4-1 LTE-Uu
NR-Uu Option 7 Reliability
Internet of NB2)
Radio Protocols, Management & Procedures Specifications Comparison of Key Radio Characteristics and Parameters NOTE: LLS, AU/RU are not standardized as part (DL only) (3GPP
Scrambling De-scrambling
High reliability without requiring application-layer message retransmissions
4G LTE-Advanced Pro

Things (C-IoT ) eCPRI 1.0 (lD) R15 SI, xRAN.org) Message

UE of 3GPP Release 15
Size, Frequency
Periodic broadcast - 50-300 bytes, Event-triggered - up to 1200 bytes
Up to 10 messages per second per transmitting UE
Mission Critical Mission Critical Enhancements for Mission Mission Critical Push To Talk 4G LTE-Advanced
4G LTE-Advanced Pro 5G New Radio (NR) 5G New Radio (NR) Modulation De-modulation
Push To Talk over LTE Critical Push To Talk over LTE (MCPTT), Data, Video Pro Range Driver(s) ample response time (e.g. 4 seconds)
(MCPTT) Mission Critical Video over LTE enhancements Radio Access Network (RAN) Specifications Speed
Mission Critical Data over LTE Service Data Adaptation SDAP : 3GPP TS 37.324
1
Deployment mode 4G works Non-standalone (NSA): 4G Master – 5G Secondary in EN-DC mode Layer mapping IDFT V2V maximum relative velocity of the UEs is 500 km/h
Protocol independent of 5G is dependent on 4G coordination- supports both fixed and mobility Interface Protocols and Specifications NE1 NE2 Option 7-2
V2V and V2P maximum absolute velocity is 250 km/h
Radio Access Higher Order Uplink 256 QAM Downlink 1024QAM 3G scenarios

4G LTE-Advanced Pro
Option 7-2 Channel estimation/ (3GPP R15 SI,
Network (RAN) Modulation: Uplink 64 Enhanced LAA for LTE (LAA E-UTRAN Ultra Reliable Low Radio Resource Control RRC: 3GPP TS 36.331 NR-RRC: 3GPP TS 38.331 RAN – S1 S1-MME (S1-AP): 3GPP TS 36.413 MME eNB Equalization eCPRI 1.0 (IU)
(3GPP R15 SI) xRAN.org)
evolution QAM  Uplink)  Latency Communication Frame Size, Subframe 10ms, 1ms 10ms, 1ms Core S1-MME (EPS NAS): 3GPP TS 24.301 3GPP TS 22.186 Vehicles Platooning1 Advanced Driving2 Extended Sensors3 Remote Driving4
Licensed-Assisted Enhanced FD-MIMO 32TX (URLLC) RAN Size S1-U: 3GPP TS 29.281
Packet Data Convergence PDCP: 3GPP TS 36.323 NR-PDCP: 3GPP TS 38.323 eCPRI 1.0 (llD) Pre-coding Max end-to-end latency (ms) 10-25 3 3-100 5
Access (LAA Downlink) CBRS 3.5GHz band for LTE in LAA/eLAA for the CBRS 3.5GHz
Protocol Waveform OFDM UL/DL: CP-OFDM Inter base X2 X2-AP: 3GPP TS 36.423 eNB eNB
Elevation the United States Enhanced LTE Support for Option 7-1 Reliability (%) 90-99.99 99.999 95-99.999 99.999
UL: DFT-spread OFDM RE mapping RE de-mapping
Beamforming/Full- Aerial Vehicles Radio Link Control RLC: 3GPP TS 36.322 NR-RLC: 3GPP TS 38.322 stations X2-U: 3GPP TS 38.425 (TS 29.281) MeNB en-gNB/ (3GPP R15 SI, xRAN.org)
Dimension (FD-MIMO) eNB(s) Architecture Evolution Multiplexing FDD/TDD FDD & Dynamic TDD SgNB Data Rate 12kbps-65Mbps 30Mbps 10-1000Mbps (1Gbps) UL: 25Mbps
16TX for E-UTRAN and NG-RAN Option 7-1 DL: 1Mbps
IFFT/CP addition FFT/CP removal
Medium Access Control MAC: 3GPP TS 36.321 NR-MAC: 3GPP TS 38.321 CU DU W1 W1-AP: 3GPP TS 37.473 eNB-CU eNB-DU (DL only) (3GPP R15 SI, xRAN.org)
Core Network Dedicated Core Dedicated Core Networks E-UTRAN Ultra Reliable Low Channel Modulation Downlink: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM , π/2-BPSK (Transform precoding Min required communication 80-350 meters 500 meters 50-1000 meters (1km) N/A
Higher W1-U: in progress ng-eNB-CU ng-eNB-DU range5 2.2-9.7 seconds 13.8 seconds 1.4-27.7 seconds
evolution Networks (DECOR) (DECOR) enhancements Latency Communication 1024QAM enabled in the UL)
Control and User Plane (URLLC) Core (EPC) Physical Layer PHY NR-PHY Layer Split RF
Uplink: 256QAM QPSK for control channels and signals 1: Cooperative driving for vehicle platooning Information exchange between a group of UEs
Separation of EPC nodes (HLS)
Source: 3GPP TR 38.816 V15.0.0 (2017-12), Digital to Analog Analog to Digital 2: Emergency trajectory alignment between UEs
(CUPS) Physical channels and 3GPP TS 36.211 3GPP TS 38.211 Channel Coding Data: Turbo Data: LDPC RAN – NG NG-C (NG-AP): 3GPP TS 38.413 NGC NG-RAN Figure 4.2-1 3: Sensor information sharing between UEs
Additional references 4: Information exchange between a UE supporting V2X application and a V2X Application Server) absolute speed of up to 250 km/h
modulation Control: Control: Downlink – Polar Code Core NG-C (5GS NAS): 3GPP TS 24.501 Analog BF Analog BF
Release 15 (Stage 3 Freeze Jun 2018), Release 15 Late Drop (Stage 3 Freeze Dec 2018) NG-U: 3GPP TS 29.281
xRAN Forum: Fronthaul working group 5: meters, seconds, (130km/h)
Multiplexing and channel 3GPP TS 36.212 3GPP TS 38.212 Convolutional Uplink – Block and Polar (higher rates) Codes whitepaper, October 2017

5G New Radio (NR)

coding Common Public Radio Interface: eCPRI
Dec 17 or multiple slots) and Self- Jun 18 – Full Release Inter base Xn Xn-AP: 3GPP TS 38.423 gNB gNB Interface Specification, V1.0 (2017-08-22)
Physical layer procedures 3GPP TS 36.213 3GPP TS 38.213 (control) Frequency Bands Up to 6GHz FR1: 450 MHz to 6GHz stations Xn-U: 3GPP TS 38.425 (TS 29.281) gNB ng-eNB
5G New Radio (NR)

(Non-Standalone - NSA) Contained slot structure (Standalone – SA)

• 5G New Radio (NR)
• Massive MIMO – Beam centric
• Channel Coding – LDPC (data),
Polar Codes (control), Block
• 5G Next Generation Core
Network (5GC)
Physical layer 3GPP TS 36.214
3GPP TS 38.214 (data)
3GPP TS 38.215 Carrier Aggregation Up to 32 CCs
FR2: 24.25 to 52.6 GHz
Different bandwidth parts can be associated with different CU DU F1 F1-AP: 3GPP TS 38.473 gNB-CU gNB-DU
ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATIONS
4.5G CORE
Radio (control uplink lower rates) Codes • Architecture Options 2 & 5 numerologies (subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix)
Measurements Higher F1-U: 3GPP TS 38.425 (TS 29.281)
• FDD and Dynamic TDD • Supplementary Uplink (SUL) (Standalone) Refer to 3GPP TS 38.300 Section 6.10 for more details
• Flexible Numerologies (subcarrier • RAN Dis-aggregation CU-DU • Remaining features (Network User Equipment (UE) 3GPP TS 36.101 3GPP TS 38.101-1: Part 1: Range 1 Standalone Up to 16 CCs - can be aggregated to 6.4GHz of transmission bandwidth Layer Split 5GC 5G Core Network eMBB Enhanced Mobile NFVO NFV Orchestrator SDAP Service Data
spacing, cyclic prefix) Higher Layer Split (HLS) Slicing, others) radio transmission and 3GPP TS 38.101-2: Part 2: Range 2 Standalone (HLS) Broadband Adaptation Protocol

• FR1: 450MHz – 6GHz • Non-Standalone (NSA) • Separation of NR Control Plane reception 3GPP TS 38.101-3: Part 3: Range 1 and Range 2 Interworking Numerology Static Based on exponentially scalable sub-carrier spacing Δf = 2 × 15 kHz µ

CU Control E1 E1-AP: 3GPP TS 38.463 gNB-CU-CP gNB-CU-UP

Control and User Plane Separation of EPC Nodes (CUPS) 5GS 5G System
EPC Evolved Packet Core
NG-RAN NG Radio Access
Network SDN-C SDN Controller
FR2: 24.25 - 52.6GHz Architecture Option 3/3a/3x (CP) and User Plane (UP) for Split operation with other radios AMF Access and Mobility
• Channel Bandwidths up to • EPC enhancements to support option 2 (Higher Layer Split – 3GPP TS 38.101-4: Part 4: Performance requirements Sub carriers Spacing 15KHz Δf = 2µ × 15 kHz
User Plane Architecture Centralized Control Plane
Management
Function
EPS Evolved Packet
System
NR New Radio SGW Serving GW

100MHz (FR1) & 400MHz (FR2) 5G NR via E-UTRA-NR Dual PDCP)

(SCS) µ={0,1,3,4} for PSS, SSS and PBCH Separation NSA Non-Standalone SMF Session Management
• Bandwidth Adaptation utilizing Connectivity (EN-DC) Base Station (BS) 3GPP TS 36.104 3GPP TS 38.104 AS Access Stratum FDD Frequency Division Function
µ={0,1,2,3} for other channels S11 S5/S8-C SGi-C SGi-C
Bandwidth Parts (BWP)  Dec 18 – Late Drop radio transmission and Duplex OSI Other System
BHR Backhaul Rate information SN Secondary Node
• Flexible frame structure with
scalable TTI (mini-slot, slot
(Non-Standalone – NSA)
• Architecture Options 4 & 7
reception Transmission Slot 14 (7 per slot) FR1: 15, 30, 60kHz Radio Access Network (RAN) Protocol Stacks 4G MeNB S1-MME MME SGW-C PGW-C TDF-C BM-SC Broadcast Multicast
FFT Fast Fourier Transform 
OSS Operations Support SUL Supplementary Uplink
Requirements for 3GPP TS 36.133 3GPP TS 38.133 Duration FR2: 60, 120kHz (240kHz applicable to only SSB)  
F 1-C F 1-U Xn-C Xn-U NG-C NG-U E1 MeNB Service Center FR Frequency Range System
support of radio resource Higher SCS for larger bandwidth, shorter slots, lower latency Option 3 TDD Time Division Duplex
BSS Business Support HLS Higher Layer Split PDCP Packet Data
management Lower SCS improves delay spread robustness PDCP3, X2 Sxa Sxb Sxc
Release 16 scheduled for Stage 1, 2, 3 freeze: Dec 2018, Jun 2019 and Dec 2019 respectively 5GS- User RRC S1-U System Convergence Protocol TDF Traffic Detection

Slot Duration 0.5ms each slot Normal Cyclic Prefix: 14 Symbols – supported for All SCS Option 3x LDPC Low-Density Parity- Function
Physical layer; General 3GPP TS 36.201 3GPP TS 38.201 NAS1, 2 Data (IP) BWP Bandwidth Part Check PFCP Packet Forwarding
description Extended Cyclic Prefix: 12 Symbols – supported for SCS 60kHz NR-
S5/S8-U SGi-U SGi-U
Control Plane TSN Time-Sensitive
NR-RRC SDAP1 PDCP3, S1-U CBRS Citizens Broadband LLS Lower Layer Split Networking
5GS- Radio Service PGW PDN Gateway
Services provided by the 3GPP TS 36.302 3GPP TS 38.202 Slots per Subframe 2 Number of Slots per Subframe depends on the Sub-carrier spacing NR-RRC
NR-PDCP3 NAS2
5G SgNB Option 3a/3x SGW-U PGW-U TDF-U MAC Medium Access TTI Transmission Time
physical layer (SCS) CoMP Coordinated Control PHY Physical Layer Interval
µ=0: 15 kHz SCS: 1 ms slot, 1 slot per sub-frame F1-AP GTP-U Xn-AP GTP-U NG-AP GTP-U E1-AP SgNB Localized Distributed User Plane Multipoint

4.5G & 5G ARCHITECTURE User Equipment (UE) 3GPP TS 36.304 3GPP TS 38.304 MBMS Multimedia Broadcast PON Passive Optical UP User Plane
µ=1: 30 kHz SCS: 0.5 ms slot, 2 slots per sub-frame SCTP UDP SCTP UDP SCTP UDP SCTP CP Control Plane Multicast Service Network 
NOTE: this core network architecture diagram focuses on Control Plane User Plane
procedures in idle mode µ=2: 60 kHz SCS: 0.25 ms slot, 4 slots per sub-frame UPF User Plane Function
CUPS only and does not show all core network elements
µ=3: 120 kHz SCS: 0.125 ms slot, 8 slots per sub-frame Transport Transport Transport Transport CP Cyclic Prefix MBMS- MBMS Gateway RAN Radio Access Network

SPECIFICATIONS
Multi-RAT Co-Existence 3GPP TR 37.872: Supplementary uplink (SUL) and LTE-NR co-existence GW URLLC Ultra-reliable
µ=4: 240 kHz SCS: 0.0625 ms slot (only used for synchronization, not for CPRI Common Public Radio RAT Radio Access Low Latency

1
Applicable only when the 5G gNB is connected to the 5G NGC
data)
W1-C W1-U X2-C X2-U S 1-MME S 1-U CUPS Protocol Stack and Specifications CU
Interface

Central Unit
MIMO Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output
RLC
Technologies

Radio Link Control V2I

Communications

Vehicle-to-
Channel Bandwidth Max. 20MHz FR1: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100MHz Sx
PDCP3, MME Mobility Management Infrastructure
FR2: 50, 100, 200, 400MHz NAS User RRC CUPS Control and User Entity RMSI Remaining System
4G LTE-Advanced Pro 5G New Radio (NR) Data (IP) 4G LTE-Advanced Pro Plane Separation Information V2N Vehicle-to-Network
only when connected to 5G NGC
Physical Channels & Signals
1
NR- mMTC Massive Machine Type
Maximum Channel Bandwidth Control User
System Architecture 3GPP TS 23.401: GPRS enhancements for 3GPP TS 23.501: System Architecture for the
RRC PDCP3, EPS- Protocols and DC Data Center Communications RRC Radio Resource V2P Vehicle-to-Pedestrian
15 kHz SCS (FR1): 50MHz 2
non-access stratum (NAS) encrypted/ Interface NE1 NE2 Pl ne Pl ne Control
E-UTRAN access 5G System
NR-RRC NAS2 Specifications DN Data Network MN Master Node V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle
Downlink 30 kHz SCS (FR1): 100MHz PDCP3 ciphered at the NAS protocol layers
3GPP TS 23.402: Architecture enhancements 3GPP TS 23.502: Procedures for the 5G S1-AP GTP-U PFCP GTP-U RSU Roadside Unit
Can be used for estimation of channel- 60 kHz SCS (FR1): 100MHz W1-AP GTP-U EPC Control Sxa, Sxb, Sxc 3GPP TS 29.244 SGW-C SGW-U DU Distributed Unit NAS Non-Access V2X Vehicle-to-Everything
for non-3GPP accesses System Channels NR-PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel 
X2-AP GTP-U 3
access stratum (AS) encrypted/ciphered at
state information (CSI) to further 60 kHz SCS (FR2): 200MHz – EPC User and combined PGW-C PGW-U UDP UDP
Stratum SA Standalone
NR-PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel prepare feedback reporting to gNB to
SCTP UDP the PDCP protocol layers for control and user eCPRI Enhanced Common WDM Wavelength-division
120 kHz SCS (FR2): 400MHz SCTP UDP SCTP UDP
Plane Sxa/Sxb TDF-C TDF-U
Policy and Charging 3GPP TS 23.203: Policy and charging control 3GPP TS 23.503: Policy and Charging NR-PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel assist in MCS selection, beamforming, plane; user plane PDCP compressed Public Radio NB-IoT Narrow Band SCS Sub carriers multiplexing
Transport Transport Transport Tr nsport Interface Internet of Things Spacing
Control architecture Control Framework for the 5G System; MIMO rank selection and resource Bandwidth Part (BWP) Not applicable BWP consists of a group of contiguous physical resource blocks (PRBs)
allocation. CSI-RS also can be used for
5G New Radio (NR)

Stage 2 Signals NR-PSS: Primary Synchronization Signal

interference measurement and fine
NR-SSS: Secondary Synchronization Signal UE can be configured with up to four carrier bandwidth parts in the
Security Architecture 3GPP TS 33.401: 3GPP SAE; Security 3GPP TS 33.501: Security architecture and frequency/time tracking purposes
NR-DM-RS: Demodulation Reference Signal downlink/uplink/supplemental uplink (if configured) with a single
architecture procedures for 5G System
RANtoCore™ TRANSPORT, FIBER, METRO, AND RF TEST PRODUCTS VIAVI NITRO™
downlink/uplink/supplemental uplink (if configured) carrier bandwidth
RAN Overall Description 3GPP TS 36.300: E-UTRA and E-UTRAN; 3GPP TS 38.300: NR; Overall description; NR-CSI-RS: Channel-State Information Reference Signal part being active at a given time
Can be used in addition to the DM-RS
Overall description; Stage 2 Stage-2 NR-PT-RS: Phase-Tracking Reference Signal for PDSCH for correcting common
phase error between PDSCH symbols
From network perspective, different bandwidth parts can be associated
RAN Architecture 3GPP TS 36.401: E-UTRAN; Architecture 3GPP TS 38.401: NG-RAN; Architecture Device emulation Mobile network
Uplink not containing DM-RS. It may also be with different numerologies (subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix)
description description and network test and IP data / Fiber optic test
used for Doppler and time varying ONT-600 400G: CellAdvisor 5G:
Channels NR-PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel channel tracking TTI 1ms Scalable Transmission Time Interval (TTI) Apps emulation solutions: T-BERD/ Network
Multi-connectivity  GPP TS 37.340: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and NR; Multi-
3 industry-leading signal analysis, T-BERD/MTS-5800:
NR-PUCCH: Physical Uplink Control Channel Schedulers assign radio resources in a unit of TTI (e.g. one mini-slot, MTS-2000 and Integrated Test,
connectivity; Stage 2 one slot, or multiple slots). Data transmissions can be scheduled on optical transport interference analysis, timing, sync, eCPRI,
NR-PRACH: Physical Random Access Channel FiberChek Sidewinder Real-time analytics
Can be used in addition to the DM-RS a slot basis, as well as on a partial slot basis, where the partial slot GNSS, dual-port 100G
CU Control User Plane 3GPP TS 23.214: Architecture enhancements  GPP TR 38.806: Study of separation of NR
3 testing to 400G beamforming analysis
Signals NR-DM-RS: Demodulation Reference Signal for PUSCH for correcting common and Optimization
transmissions that may occur several times within one slot. The 3Z RF Vision: and cable/antenna
Separation for control and user plane separation of Control Plane (CP) and phase error between PUSCH symbols
EPC nodes User Plane (UP) for split option 2 not containing DM-RS. It may also be supported partial slot allocations and scheduling intervals are Antenna
NR-PT-RS: Phase-Tracking Reference Signal analysis
used for Doppler and time varying • 2, 4 and 7 symbols for normal cyclic prefix TM500, E500
Alignment Tool
CU DU RAN functions 3GPP TR 37.876: Study on eNB(s) 3GPP TR 38.816: Study on CU-DU lower NR-SRS: Sounding Reference Signal channel tracking • 2, 4 and 6 symbols for extended cyclic prefix
dis-aggregation Architecture Evolution for E-UTRAN and layer split for NR
NG-RAN
Reference source: 3GPP Submission of initial 5G description for IMT-2020 LABS TRIALS PRE-COMMERCIAL COMMERCIAL - INSTALL OPTIMIZATION AUTOMATION