TALLER # 2

CONTROL DE PROCESOS

MAYO 2013

3.18

The blending tank shown next may be assumed to be perfectly mixed. The input variables
are the solute concentrations and flows of the inlet streams. Cai(t) and Cao(t), Fai(t) and
Fao(t). the volume of liquid in the tank V can be assumed constant and variation of stream
densities with composition may be neglected.

a) Obtain the transfer function for the outlet composition C(S) and outlet Flow, to the four
inputs variables, and write the expressions for time constant and gains of the blender in
terms of the parameters of the system

 b) Draw the block diagram for the blender showing all transfer functions.
functions.

c) Calculate the numerical values of the time constants and gains for a blender that is
initially mixture a stream contains that is initially mixing a stream containing 80Kg/m3 of
solute with a second stream containing 30Kg/m3 of the solute to produce 3 m3/min of a
solution containing 50 Kg/m3 of the solute

SOLUCION

Asunciones

 Mezclado perfecto, por tanto propiedades constantes

 Volumen constante

BALANCE GLOBAL

 
 ̇   ̇   =̇ 
̇ =
=
Remplazando

    = 

La concentración y flujos varían con el tiempo

() ()  () ()  () () = 

Por balance global:

 () = ()  ()

() ()  () ()  () ()  ()() = 
() ()  () ()  () ()  () () = 
Agrupando términos semejantes:

 ()() ()
()  ()() () () =  ()
Llevando la ecuación anterior al estado estacionario:

      =  ()

Restando 1-2, y escribiendo en términos de d esviación:

     ̅      ̅ =   ̅ ()

Linealizando los términos:

() =           ̅

 ()() ()
 =   =   
 =  = 
 =  = 
Remplazando:

 ()() () =       ̅

Linealizando

 ()()()=     ̅

 =   = 
 =  =
 =  =
Remplazando:

 ()() () =       ̅

Remplazando en (3)

  ̅ =     ̅      ̅

Agrupando términos:

  ̅  ̅   ̅ =       

  ̅ ( ) ̅ =         
Dividiendo entre ( )
, escribiendo las constantes:

=   
 =  
 =   
  =  
 =   
  ̅  ̅ =     
Aplicando Laplace:

 ̅()  ̅( =0)  ̅ =()  ()() ()

 ̅() 1=()  ()() ()
 ̅()= ()  () 1  
  ()   
  ()
B) Diagrama de bloques
F2(s)
1
C1(s) 1
+ +
C(s)
+
1 + +

1
F1(s)
C) Valores constantes:

 40 
=   = 4  =10 
  (8050)  
 =   = 4   =7,5 
Suponiendo en el estado estacionario:

  =1,6 

  =2,4 
   1,6  
 =   = 4  =0,4

   (3050)  
 =   = 4   =5 
  2,4  
 =   = 4  =0,6


4.9

Consider the two stirred tank reactors in series with recycle shown in Fig. You may assume
the following:

 Each reactor is perfectly mixed and the temperature is constant.

 The reactor volumes, V1 and V2, are constants, and so is the density of the reacting
mixture.
 (    ) ×   
= 1 (  )  ×    
         
     
(     ) 
= 1   (  )    
       
     
(    )
  
=    ( ) 
       
     
=   ( )  (  ) 
Las constantes de tiempo efectivas están dadas por las raíces del denominador de la
función de trasferencia
(())
(()) =  ( )(1

)
Resolviendo las raíces del denominador:

  = 2 4
±√ 
  = (   )± (   ) 
2() 4(   )(1  )
Las constantes de tiempo efectivas son:

 = ( )  ( 2()4) ()(1)

 = ( ) ( 2()4(
)
)(1)
  = (   ) 
(     )
2() 4(   )(1  )
)
 = ( ) ( 2()4( )(1)

5.8

You are asked to design a control valve to regulate the flow of benzene in the line shown in
Fig. P5-1. The process design calls for a nominal flow of 140,000 kg/h and a temperature of
155°C. At the design flow, the frictional pressure drop in the line between points 1 and 2 is
100 kPa. The density of benzene at the flowing temperature is 730 kg/m3. Assume that the
 pressures shown in the diagram do not change with flow.

(a) Recommend a proper location for the control valve.

(b) Size the valve for 100% overcapacity.

SOLUCION

Datos

  ̅ =100 000 ℎ   0.4536  =220 458 ℎ

=155 °
∆=100 
 =730 
Para la presión de vapor tenemos:

 =  }
{− 
+
Sabiendo que los valor para A = 15,9008 B= 2788,51 C = 220,8 reemplazamos los valores

 =  {,− ,
+, }
 =4820,35 ℎ  760101,ℎ
3  =642,5 
Ahora

 . =  + ∗ ∆/ = 500,3

 . =  + ∗ ∆/ = 93,75

Entonces

=  500, 393,75 =5,34

5.18

Consider the level loop shown in Fig. 5-3.3. The steady-state operating conditions are fi =
f0 = 150 gpm and h = 6 ft. For this steady state, the FC valve requires a 50% signal. The
level transmitter has a range of 0 to 20 ft. A proportional-only controller, with Kc = 1, is
used in this process. Calculate the offset if the inlet flow increases to 170 gpm and the valve
requires 57% to pass this flow. Report the offset in % of scale and in feet.

SOLUCION
  =  =150
h = 6 ft

m´= 50% TO

Rango del trasmisor = 0 a 20 ft

Controlador proporcional, donde Kc = 1

Para calcular el desplazamiento si el flujo cambia a 170 gpm y la señal requerida es de

57%TO, procedemos de la siguiente manera.

La acción del controlador sobre la válvula es directa, determina que en caso de aumento de
nivel la válvula debe abrirse y por ende la señal de la válvula debe aumentar.

Entonces Kc = - 1

Ahora la operación del controlador esta dada por:

()=´()
Despejamos

() = ()´ = 57%50%

1 = 7%
Desplazamiento = 7% %= 1,4 