1.

Criminal law concerns the system of legal rules that define what conduct is
classified as a crime and how the government may prosecute individuals that commit
crimes. A crime is about a deliberate act that causes physical or psychological harm,
damage to or loss of property, and is against the law.
There are many different crimes, and what exactly constitutes a crime may vary from state to state. In
general, crimes categorized into four broad categories, which are personal crimes, property crimes, inchoate
crimes, and statutory crimes. Kidnaping, homicides, rapes, robing are known to be the act of crimes. The
goal of criminal law is to uncover the true perpetrator of a crime and exact justice.
2. Commercial law is a body of law that regulates the conduct of persons, merchants, and businesses
who are engaged in trade, sales, and commerce. Also known as business law, it is a broad area of law that
interacts with many other areas of law such as environmental regulation, real estate, and food/safety laws.
Commercial and business laws are associated with some distinct legal issues. Contract violations
form a major part of most commercial law legal issues. Transactions between businesses and with customers
often involve a contract, and legal issues can frequently arise in connection with the terms of that contract. In
particular, a breach of contract can cause significant losses for either party.
3. Family law, body of law regulating family relationships, including marriage and divorce, the
treatment of children, and related economic matters. In the past, family law was closely connected with the
law of property and succession, and judging from the records available, it must have originated principally in
the economic and property questions created by the transfer of a female from her father’s family to the power
and guardianship of her husband. Family law also traditionally has to do with matters of personal status—for
example, the question of whether a person is to be considered married or single, legitimate or illegitimate—
though the incidents and importance of these distinctions often derive from the law of property.
4. Labor law, the varied body of law applied to such matters as employment, conditions of work, trade
unions, and industrial relations. Their goal is to ensure that employees aren’t taken advantage of by
corporations, which typically have more bargaining power or resources than an individual employee. Labor
laws govern issues like collective bargaining, unionization, benefits dispute and more.
Labor law as it is known today is essentially the child of successive industrial revolutions from the
18th century onward. It became necessary when customary restraints and the intimacy of employment
relationships in small communities ceased to provide adequate protection against the abuses incidental to
new forms of mining and manufacture on a rapidly increasing scale.
5. According to Bentham’s classic definition, international law is a collection of
rules governing relations between states. It is a mark of how far international law has evolved that this
original definition omits individuals and international organizations two of the most dynamic and vital
elements of modern international law.
International law is an independent system of law existing outside the legal orders of particular states.
It differs from domestic legal systems in a number of respects. For example, although the United Nations
(UN) General Assembly, which consists of representatives of some 190 countries, has the outward
appearances of a legislature, it has no power to issue binding laws.