Writing assignment

I. Sample
II. Purposive Sampling
a. To evaluate the effectiveness of Comelec Resolution 9485’s implementation in
the 2013 elections
i. Interview the Committee on PWD Voting, Election Officers and BEIs
who have encountered PWD voters last 2013 elections.
ii. Interview PWD adults who voted and who were not able to vote last 2013
elections in order to know about their experiences.
b. To describe how barriers faced by PWDs in Election Day influence PWDs’
electoral participation
c. To determine other barriers that influence PWDs’ electoral participation.
i. Interview PWD adults who voted last 2013 elections and know why they
voted.
ii. Interview PWD adults who did not vote last 2013 elections and know why
they did not vote.
III. Sampling Size
a. 5-7 participants who are PWD 18 years old and above belonging to the urban poor
(city: Pasig) and did not vote
b. 5-7 participants who are PWD 18 years old and above belonging to urban poor
and voted
c. 5-7 BEIs
IV. Assessment of Qualitative data
a. Credibility
i. Persistent observation – observe PWDs’ daily lives in order to have a
deeper understanding of their attitude towards elections
1. Socioeconomic conditions
a. lack education – no interest in elections
b. lack employment – feel no role in society; poverty – not
time to participate
2. Psychological predisposition
a. Perceive self as dependent, no ability to influence society
3. Isolation
a. Less likely to develop a sense of membership in a group
with a common purpose, less social capital
ii. Triangulation – triangulate data from PWDs who did not vote with data
from PWDs who voted, Election Officers and BEIs
1. data from PWDs who did not vote – get data about barriers that
prevent PWDs from participating
 2. data from PWDs who voted – confirm the existence of barriers
experienced by PWDs in voting centers
3. data from Election Officers and BEIs – confirm the poor
implementation of Comelec Resolution 9485
iii. External checks – ask participants if the interpretation made by the
researcher is the same as their interpretation.
b. Dependability – Social model of disability – PWDs are unable to participate as
equals in society not because of their physical impairments, but because of how
society is organized.
i. The focus of this research will be more on the socio-economic barriers
instead of the physical barriers.
ii. PWDs’ full electoral participation could not easily be achieved by merely
eliminating the barriers caused by poor implementation of policies. Instead
there should be a change in the way society is organized. The data from
this research would be valid as long as the society excludes PWDs.
c. Confirmability - Ask his/her participants in order to confirm whether the links that
he/she has made are in accordance with the interpretations of his/her participants
d. Transferability – This study is focused on the social exclusion of PWDs’
disability in electoral participation. IP voters also face barriers such as
inaccessibility and discrimination towards electoral participation.
e.