ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY- ECHAGUE

Echague, Isabela
Graduate School
Master of Arts in Education Major in Social Science
Soc. Sci 201
Philippine Historical Development

VISITACION SUNSHINE S. BARADI

Student
CATALINA M. RODRIGO,Ph.D
Subject Professor

FINAL EXAMINATION

1. Express accent or dissent on the following:

1.1. Since the Spanish regime and up to the present time, separation and State
has always been unobserved/ignored.

 Disagree. Since the Spanish regime and up to the present times the
separation of Church and State shall be inviolable and no law shall be made
respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and
worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No
religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political
rights.Therefore the church cannot involve in Politics and The separation of
Church and State has been always Observed.

1.2. Myths and legends re Filipino origin and descent still abound today which
proves its authenticity.

 Disagree. Myths and Legend in Filipino Origin are stories that have been or
still are being passed down from one generation to another through oral
means such as verbal communication. Myths and Legend are only
“traditional” tale or story and its not real and not authentic.

1.3. Bonifacio’s death was beneficial to the revolution and struggles against
Spaniards.

 Agree. Bonifacio's death was not beneficial to the revolution and stuggles
against Spaniards because it demoralized many rebels from Manila, Laguna
and Batangas who had come to help those in Cavite, and caused them to
quit.

1.4. The 1987 Constitution, just like the three previous ones is fraught/abundant
with personal motives and inconsistencies. Hence, it is high time that it be
replaced with a new one.

 Agree. 1987 Constitution may have its flaws, but it not the time to change it
as partisanship runs thick. The risks that constitutional reform might be used
as an excuse for extending stays in office and shifting to federalism are just
too great to offset the need to make these changes. Constitution worth
revisiting such as the extent of judicial review, the ban on political
dynasties, and provisions to encourage competition in business.

2. Explain:
2.1 Causes of revolts of the early Filipinos.
 The reasons why the Filipinos revolt against the Spaniards are:

1. The people’s desire to regain their lost freedom and happiness.

2. Spanish oppression.
3. Hated tribute.
4. Forced labor.
5. Religious persecution.
6. Agrarian disputes with the friars who grabbed the lands of the natives.
7. Spanish religious bigotry or because the people in certain regions of the
country wanted to go back to the worship of their ancestral gods.

 The causes of revolts of the early Filipinos were due to people’s desire
in regaining their loss of freedom and happiness (personal revolts).
They did not want a foreign power to rule over them. Another is the
prolonged cruel and unjust treatment or control of Spaniards over the
Filipinos (Spanish oppression). Likewise, Filipinos were coerced to
work (forced labor) through the use of violence or intimidation or by
more subtle means such as accumulated debt, retention of identity
papers or threats of denunciation to immigration authorities. The
Filipinos were also compelled to pay tribute called TRIBUTO, to the
colonial government that was imposed as a sign of the Filipinos loyalty
to the king of Spain (hated tribute). Moreover, agrarian disputes with
the friars who grabbed the lands of the natives are also one of the
causes. In addition, Spaniards were subjecting Filipinos to cruel or
unfair treatment because of their ethnic origin or religious belief
(religious persecution). Lastly is the Spanish religious bigotry or
intolerance towards those who hold different opinions from them. This
is most likely being done when the people in certain regions of the
country wanted to go back in worshipping their ancestral gods.

2.2. Magellan’s expedition was considered to be the greatest single voyage

that was undertaken by a foreign exploration.

 Magellan's voyage was considered to be the greatest single voyage that was

undertaken by a foreign exploration,simply because it was the first to
circumnavigate the globe and led to the formation of the International Date
Line.
 It was the single greatest feat in the history of maritime exploration," and
first European to cross the Pacific Ocean. 
With the passage of time, men everywhere began to realize the great
contributions Magellan had made to science," wrote Charles Parr in "So
Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan." "He
settled the question of the sphericity of the world and the habitability of
Australia and New Zealand. His expedition solved the problems of how
big the globe was at its circumference and from north to south and made
them innumerable additions to the world's navigational and geographical
knowledge, including the recognition of the calendar's loss of a day on
the westerly girdling of the globe." and proved that the globe could be
circled by sea and that the world was much larger than had
previously been imagined. And He found not only a massive ocean,
hitherto unknown to Europeans, but he also discovered that the earth
was much larger than previously thought. Finally, although it was no
longer believed that the earth was flat at this stage in history,
Magellan’s circumnavigation of the globe empirically discredited
the medieval theory conclusively.
 2.3. Advances in technology that paved the way of exploration.

 During the Age of Exploration many tools were needed to help it flourish.
These tools were helpful mainly because they helped explorers travel across
seas. The explorers were able to make their discoveries mainly because of
these technological innovations. For example the use of Magnetic Compass
and Compass Rose: The magnetic compass was a compass that had a
magnetized needle supporting a magnetic card. This compass showed from
four to eight directions. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration
flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. So
basically it helped explorers reach their destination. The compass rose also
told direction.

2.4. Unhistorical Data

 This are narratives, that have been previously accepted in Philippine History
as facts but later were found out to be historical errors because there is no
evidence that back up the authentecity of the event. An example is the story
of Maragtas, Code of Kalantiyaw and the Legend of Princess Urduja.

2.5. Guerilla method of warfare.

 Guerrilla warfare is a type of asymmetric warfare: competition between

opponents of unequal strength. It is also a type of irregular warfare: that is,
it aims not simply to defeat an enemy, but to win popular support and
political influence, to the enemy's cost.

2.6. Laurel’s presidency considered to be the most controversial.

 One reason why  presidency of Laurel understandably remains one of the

most controversial in Philippine history is that after the war, he was
denounced by the pro-American sectors as a war collaborator or even a
traitor, although his indictment for treason was superseded
by President Roxas' Amnesty Proclamation.

3. Differentiate:
3.1. Japanese and Philippine martial law

 The country has once before been under martial rule. It was during the time
of the Japanese occupation where martial rule was imposed to curtail
rebellion against Japan. The Philippines was then under the control of the
Japanese military general.
 The 1972 martial rule was quite different. The country was under martial
law and was governed by a civil leader in the person of the President as
commander-in-chief. Such powers included command over the Armed
Forces of the Philippines to maintain law and order, as well as exclusive
decision-making powers for whether or not a person would remain detained
for any crime.

3.2. Spanish and American rule in terms of:

 SPANISH AMERICAN

3.2.1  The 3 G’s “God, Gold, Glory  American business interests in

OBJECTIVES  To develop contacts with China Philippines
and Japan in order to further  And the want to expand America and b
Christian missionary efforts there,
democracy to the Philippines
and
 To convert the Filipinos to  Used of military and naval bases of
Christianity.  Philippines
“Only the third objective was
eventually realized, and this not
completely because of the active
resistance of both the Muslims in the
south and the Igorot, the upland tribal
peoples in the north”.

3.2.2  Spanish language for the Spanish  English is included in the curriculum
LANGUAGE nationals  Filipino was declared as the national
 Tagalog was learned by the language
Spanish friars because they want
to teach their language.
 Native Languages

3.2.3  Manila galleon trade, which lasted    Establish an economic system giving
ECONOMIC two and a half centuries. colonizers full rights to the coun
 To acquire a share in the spice resources.
trade.
 Production of tobacco and other
agricultural exports.  Land Tenancy
 Encomendia
“the Philippines economy depended  Exploitation of raw materials
on the galleon trade where was the
main trading location specifically
Manila to Acapulco.”
3.2.4  Centralized form of government  Military Government
POLITICAL  The colonial country gives  Civil Government
direction and gives a  Commonwealth Government
representative who receives order  Bennevolent Assimilation
 Frailocracia  Separation of state and religion
 No separation of state and religion

3.2.5  Christianity was propagated and  Freedom to choose religion and exer
RELIGIOUS prohibit other religion religious beliefs.
ASPECT  Deprivation of native religion

4. Describe the early Filipinos in terms of:

4.1 Kinship 4.2 Political Aspect 4.3 Cultural Characteristics

Family ties are very strong in the
Philippines and traditionally greater
emphasis has been put on the family
than individuals. Families have
traditionally been bound together by
loyalty, respect, and affection.
Family members are expected to
follow rules set by the head of the
household rather than pursuing their
own individual agenda. Extended
families often live together, and
often one child is expected to live
with the parents. All children have
traditionally inherited property
equally with the house going to the
child who took care of the parents.
5. Discuss:
5.1. Changes that were brought about by the EDSA revolutions.
Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards,
the Philippines was composed of MARRIAGE: man belong
settlements or villages, each called one class marries a woman o
same class
barangay, named after balangay, a
Malayan word meaning “boat”.
Every barangay was virtually a Men are required to serve
state, for it possessed the four basic girl’s parents for months and
elements of statehood. At times, years.
however, some barangays joined
Clothing:
together as “confederations” mainly
for the purpose of mutual protection mens – canagan, bahag, wom
against common enemies. – baro, saya, tapis.
Each barangay was ruled by a chief Tattooing – it is a symbo
called datu in some places, and beauty and bravery
rajah, sultan or hadji in others. He
was its chief executive, law giver, Literacy – different forms
chief judge, and military head. In literature such as epcis, lege
the performance of his duties, songs, maxims and sayings. s
however, he was assisted usually by accompanied by dancing
a council of elders (maginoos) drama.
which served as his advertisers. In
Baybayin- system of writing
form, the barangay was monarchy
with the wealth, or physical Science and technology –
prowess. used various methods in catc
fish using nets, bow and arr
The people of the barangay were
spear and hooks.
divided into four classes, namely:
the nobility (maharlika), to which Proficient in building ve
the datu belonged, the freemen (ship-building and lumbering)
(timawa), the serfs (aliping
namamhay), and the slaves (aliping Religion- worshipped many
sagigilid). and goddesses. Ex bath
supreme being.
The early Filipinos had both written
and unwritten laws. The written Religion- believed in immort
laws were promulgated by the datus. of souls and life after death.
The two known written codes in the
There were sacred animals, p
pre- Spanish era are the “Maragtas
and trees. And worshipped
Code” which was said to have been
sun and moon.
written about 1250 A.D by Datu
Sumakwel of Panay, and the Arts- Nipa hut, tattoo
Kalantiaw Code written in 1433 manunggul jar,
A.D by Datu Kalantiaw, also of
Panay.
 The Philippine Revolution brought about social and governmental changes.
The people were not socially repressed any more. People could speak
their mind without getting reprimanded. There was much more social
freedom. What changed drastically was the government. The Philippines
came from being an authoritarian state to a bicameral democratic country.
The People Power Revolution of 1986 signified the unity of the civilians
and how they came to the aid of the military, which had long been an
instrument of repression and terror.

5.2. Legacies/accomplishments and the weaknesses/issues (Aguinaldo to BS

Aquino) that undermined each presidency.

 EMILIO AGUINALDO

Some of his contributions

 First (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolos Republic)
 Signed the pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating a truce between the Spanish and
Philippine revolutionaries.
 Known as the President of the Revolutionary Government.
 Led the Philippines in the Spanish-Philippine War and the American- Philippine
War

 MANUEL L. QUEZON

Some of his contributions

 Created National Council of Education
 Initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the commonwealth
 Approved Tagalog/Filipino as the national language of the Philippines

 JOSE P. LAUREL

 He was officially the government’s caretaker during the Japanese occupation

of World War II. Criticized a traitor by some, his indictment for treason

Some of his contributions

 Organized KALIBAPI a provisional government during Japanese occupation.
 Declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and the U.S/United
Kingdom ijn 1944.

 SERGIO OSMENA
 During his presidency, the Philippines joined the International Monetary Fund

Some of his contributions

 Joined with U.S Gen. Douglas Mc Arthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 to begin
restoration of Philippine freedom after Japanese occupation.
 Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated and the country joined the
International Monetary Fund during his presidency.
 Bell Trade Act was approved by the U.S Congress during his presidency.

 PRESIDENT MANUEL A. ROXAS

ECONOMIC:
  Establishment of the Philippine Rehabilitation Finance Corporation
 He was able to improved the ruined economy, to check the
rising tide of inflation, and stabilize the Philippine Currency.
 Passed the Philippine Trade Act Also Known as Bell Trade Act.
 The Bell Trade Act of 1946, also known as the
Philippine Trade Act, was an act passed by the United States
Congress specifying policy governing trade between the
Philippines and the United States following independence of
the Philippines from the United States.
 Initiated Rice Tenancy Act of 1933
 When the Philippine Commonwealth was established,
President Manuel L. ... Primarily, the Act provided for
better tenant-landlord relationship, a 50–50 sharing of the
crop, regulation of interest to 10% per agricultural year, and a
safeguard against arbitrary dismissal by the landlord.
 R.A NO. 1946-Tenant Act
 (70-30 sharing arrangement)

HEALTH:
 Philippine War Damaged Commission was prioritized the use of the
funds on expenditures for health, water works, and education and
public buildings.

EDUCATION:
 The reconstruction of the damaged buildings alone cost more than
126,000,000,000.

PEACE AND ORDER:

 The Philippines entered into negotiations with the US for the
national security issue.
 Clark air base and Subic bay Naval for Military Aid.
 Proclaimed a general amnesty for guerillas.

FAILURES:
 Curb the graft and corruption in the government.
 Surplus War Property Scandal
 Chinese immigration scandal
 School Supplies scandal
 Check and stop the communist HUKBALAHAP movement

 PRESIDENT ELPIDIO QUIRINO

GOALS OF QUIRINO ADMINISTRATION

 Economic Reconstruction
 Restoration of the faith and confidence of the people in the
government.

FIVE ECONOMIC ACHIEVEMENTS:

 Industrialization of the Philippines.
 Establishing Central Bank of the Philippines
 Enacting First Minimum Wage Law
 Pro-social welfare and development
 Founding a social security system

ECNOMIC RESTORATION:
  Supported the establishment of several industrial plants and
projects.
 Burgos Irrigation in Zambales
 Hydroelectric project in Lanao
 Construction of Roads all over Mindanao
 Other new and necessary industries which provide employment to
thousand people.
 Mandated the law for charitable and relief agencies for the elderly,
disabled people and delinquent children.
 Labor Management Advisory Board
 Establishment of Rural Bank of the Philippines
 Helped countrymen in provinces to give loan at lowest interest
rates.
 Facilitate credit utilities in rural areas.

ECONOMIC GOAL:
 Agricultural Cooperatives Financing Administration
 Farmers Cooperative Administration
 Set a new tax policy which increased the tariff rates in order to
protect the local economic industry against unfair foreign
competition.
 Mandated the law for charitable and relief agencies for the elderly,
disabled people and delinquent children.
(SOCIAL WELFARE ADMISTRATION (SWA)/DSWD
 Labor Management Advisory Board

SOCIAL JUSTICE PROGRAM:

 Presidential Action Committee on Social Amelioration (PACSA)
 To mitigate the sufferings of indigent families.
 Provided protection for HUK victims and those who are
fighting.

HEALTH:
 SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM
 To cover the employed segment of the labor force primarily in
the private sector.
 Old-age insurance
 Accident and permanent disability insurance
 Maternity Insurance

EDUCATION:
 Reorganization of the Department of Education
 Vocational Training
 Revision of Educational Laws
 Adjustment in the Curriculum

PEACE AND ORDER:

 Grant amnesty for the HUKS.
 He negotiate particularly with Ka Luis Taruc in Malavanang.
 Resettlement program in favour of the surrendered HUKS.
 Reorganization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
 Establishment New Army units (First Air Borne Unit, Scout
Rangers, Canine Unit and Calvary Unit.)

FAILURES AND SHORTCOMINGS:

 Terrorism was still soaring.
 Unsettled disparity between the HUKS and the military.
  Failed to recognized poverty problems.
 He was not able to implement agararian reform.

CONTROVERSIES:
 Permitting immorality in the armed forces.
 Neglecting the problems of the masses.
 Involving himself to the American Government

 PRESIDENT RAMON DEL FIERRO MAGSAYSAY

SOCIAL ASPECT:
 Presidential Assistant for Community Development
 Construction and opening of new roads and bridges
 Improvement and reparation of old roads and bridges.
 Passing of the Social Security Act 1957
 Establishment of the Social Security (SSS) and the Government
Service Insurance System (GSIS)
 Integration of the nation minorities
 Creation of laws providing for the establishment of the Commission
on National Integration.

ECONOMIC ASPECT:
 Creation of the Land Tenure Act
 Agricultural Extension Service
 Establishment of credit for farmers
 Establishment of special courts for landlord-tenants disputes (Land
Reform Act 1955)
 National Resettlement and Rehabilitation.
 Public Land were distributed to qualified settlers.
 28,000 land patents-241,000 hectares
 195,523,578 lots were distributed to the landless
 Organization of the Economic Development Corps (EDCOR)
 Rehabilitation program that gave surrendered HUKS an opportunity
to have their own house and land

POLITICAL ASPECT:
 Enacting of the Agricultural Tenancy Act in 1954.
 Involvement of the Philippines with the Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization (SEATO)
 Alliance of Countries Against Communism
 Signed by the Japan and Philippines the “ Reparation Agreement on
May 9, 1956”.

HEALTH:
 Establishment of Rural Health Centers in town with Doctors, nurse
midwife
 Doctors and Nurses were paid with better salaries.

EDUCATION:
 Providing education to the less privileged Filipino youth, through
scholarship grant.

PEACE AND ORDER:

 Presidential Complaints and Action Committee

CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS:

 HUKBALAHAP movement quelled during his presidency.
  Chairman Committee on Guerilla Affairs
 First president sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog during
inauguration.
 Philippines Golden Years for its lack of corruption.
 Philippines was ranked second in Asia’s clean and well-governed
countries.
 Established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration.
ISSUES:
 Corruption among cabinet members.
 The endless attempts to bribe the president were the most common
issues of that time where corruptions was very rampant among
government officials.

 PRESIDENT CARLOS P. GARCIA

CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS:

 Known for “Filipino First Policy”
 Obtain economic independence
 Important objective- make the Filipinos supreme in the national
economic household of the Philippines.
Beneficiaries of Filipino First Policy
Businessmen of the Philippines
 Increase support and protection from the government.
 Improves our economy
 60-40 ownership of Foreign Investors

FILIPINO FIRST ACHIEVEMENT:

1. The MERALCO, a 100 percent Filipino enterprise acquired from the
American original owners used to be the biggest foreign public utility and
public service company in our country.
2. A Filipino concern acquired the Hacienda Luisita, Tarlac, one f the
biggest sugar haciendas in our country, it was owned by Tabacalera a
Spanish Corporation.
3. Other smaller Spanish and British holdings were acquired by Filipinos.
4. The First Filipino controlled oil corporations, FILOIL was established
with the help of dollars reserved.
 Established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and
commerce.
 More work, more thrift, more productive investment more
efficiency.
 The Government would no longer tolerate the dominance of foreign
interest in the national economy.
 To curt graft and corruption
 Centered on wise spending, industry, thrift, trustworthy, integrity
and honesty.
 Public Office is a Public trust
Beneficiaries of Filipino First Policy
 Filipino and the Garcia Administration
 The government was able to regain some of the trust that
they lost
 The Filipinos were able to once again trust the
government.

 Cultural Revival
 The award was given to the artist, scientist, historians and writers.
Beneficiaries of Filipino First Policy
  Filipino artist could now get the recognition for their
works that were left ignored. The main focus of the society
was improving the economy.
 Military Bases Agreement
 BOHLEN-SERRANO AGREEMENT
 Shortened the origonal 99 year lease of US bases to 25 years
and agreement was renewable for periods only.

ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES:

 He was criticized by foreign countries, especially the US for his anti-
foreign policies.
 Corruption within BIR in which he had the implementation of Austerity
Program
 Lack program for the Filipino common man.

 PRESIDENT DIOSDADO PANGAN MACAPAGAL

LAWS AND PROGRAMS:
 Opened Malacanang to the public however didn’t last.
 Dismissed corruption in the governement
 Changed date of Philippine Independence to June 12.
 Agricultural Land Reform Code 1963.

LAND REFORM PROGRAMS:

 Land Reform Code
 Full government protection to the leaseholder
 Materially improving the local living conditions of the poor

ECONOMIC:
 Decontrol the sale of foreign exchange and to stabilize the peso against
the American Dollar
 Established the Philippine Veterans Bank
 National Cottage Industry was put into place

HEALTH:
 The public health program shall include expansion of health services in
rural areas and water supply.
 Establishment of medical research centers and nutrition research.
 Rice and Corn Program concentrate our efforts to raise agricultural
productivity in order to achieve self-sufficiency in food production.

EDUACTION:
 Establishment and financing of a moral Commission.

PEACE AND ORDER:

 Helped to promote world peace.
 Proclaimed Independence Day June 12, 1898
 He declared the Filipino Language as our National Language

FAILURES AND ISSUES:

 STONEHILL SCANDAL- Government corruption
 Failed to solved major social economic problems.

 CORAZON AQUINO Y COJUANGCO

PRESIDENCY
 Constitutional Commission
 1987 Philippine Constitution-October 12, 1986-February 2, 1987
  CARP(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program)
 Republic Act No. 6657-Implemented on June 10, 1988
 to include all agricultural lands not only to lands devoted to rice and cron.
 R.A 6655 Free Secondary Education Act of 1986
 Philippines: Fiesta Islands of Asia
 R.A 6675-Generic Act

 FIDEL RAMOS Y VALDEZ

 In the year 1950, graduated in the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, New
York,
 .He also acquired his master in Civil Engineering course at the University of
Illinois in the year 1951. Another course in associate Infantry Company Officers
at Fort Benning at Fort Bragg.
 In the year 1960 he was the topnotcher of all the 21 graduated for the "Special
Forces/Pay Operations/Airborne." Aside from those courses, he took up
Command and General Staff at Fort Santiago year 1965, where he became the
topnotcher of all 48 graduating students.

PRESIDENCY

 Delivery of medical services to distant areas

 SRA(Social Reform Agenda)-June 17, 1994
-include housing projects, agrarian reform programs, employment opportunities and
health care initiatives.
 Philippines 2000
- Peace and Stability
Economic Growth and Sustainable Development
Energy and Power Generation
Environmental Protection
Streamlined Bureaucracy

 JOSEPH EJERCITO ESTRADA Y MARCELO

 Joseph Ejercito Estrada was born on April 19, 1937 in Tondo, Manila.
 He is the eight of the ten children of Emilio Ejercito and Maria Marcelo.
 Estrada studied at Ateneo de Manila University.
 He took up engineering at the Mapua Institute of Technology, on his second year
he moved to the Polytechnic College of the Philippines in Sta. Mesa, Manila.
Before he could finish engineering he quit school and decided to try the movies.
 Estrada entered politics when he ran for mayor of San Juan in 1968. , (1972).
 He was also named Most Outstanding Mayor and Foremost Nationalist (1972),
and most outstanding Metro Manila Mayor (1972).

PRESIDENCY
 ERAP-Enhanced Retail Access for the Poor
 -rolling store
 Angat Pinoy 2004
 VFA-Visiting Forces Agreement

 GLORIA ARROYO Y MACAPAGAL

 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo or GMA was born on April 5, 1947. His parents were
former President Diosdado Macapagal and Dra. Eva Macaraeg. She grew up in
Iligan City.
  GMA finished high school as Valedictorian at the Assumption College. She
studied at the Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. but she stopped during
her third year, when she got married to Jose Miguel Tuazon Arroyo.
 She finished her course in Commerce at Assumption College, graduating Magna
Cum Laude. She took her Masters Degree in Economics at the Ateneo de Manila
University and her Doctorate Degree at the University of the Philippines. She
worked as an assistant secretary to President Cory Aquino in 1986, and was later
appointed as Undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industry.

PRESIDENCY
 Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003)
 KALAHI
 GMA

5.3. Reforms and issues of concerns that set Duterte apart from his counterparts.

 President Rodrigo Roa Duterte popularly won with the highest number of
votes from all time presidency election last 2016. He was popular for being
“iron-first” characteristics. His term started by crushing drug gangs,
including those within the police ranks, name-shaming “narco-generals”. He
summoned mayors and local officials suspected of involvement drugs.
Under his term he signed R.A, 10931, underprivileged Filipino students now
have chance to earn a tertiary education degree for free. Creating econmic
boomed with his famous train law which is praised by the world bank as a
good sign of progress in the country. His half way term was significantly
gaining support and mark from his constituent up to the countries in the
world even there were a lot of issues about human rights viilation.