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Lesson objectives:
By the end of this lesson, about 70% of the learners should be able to:
State the differences between the states of matter.
Distinguish between physical and chemical changes.
Interpret and explain heating and cooling curves
ACTIVITY 01:
(a) Water exists in three states. State the name given to water as:
a solid. …………………… a liquid. …………………… a gas. …………………………
(b) A substance is found to have a fixed volume. In what state of matter does the substance exist?
Explain. ………………………………………………………………………………………
……………….………………………………………………………………………………
(c) A substance is found to have a fixed shape. In what state of matter does the substance exist?
Explain. ………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) A substance is found to flow. In what state of matter does the substance exist? Explain.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(e) A substance is found to have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. In what state of matter does the
substance exist? Explain. ……………………………………………………………………...
……………….………………………………………………………………………………
(f) The diagrams X, Y and Z below show the arrangement of particles in the states of matter. Identify
the state of matter represented by each diagram.
X Y Z
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ACTIVITY 03: Classify each of the following as a physical change or chemical change.
(a) A glass falls and shatters (breaks into pieces). ………………………………………………………
(b) Soup turns sour. ……………………………………………………………………………………...
(c) A hundred francs coin is attracted by a magnet. ……………………………………………………..
(d) A rubber band is stretched……………………………………………………………………………
(e) Fresh tomatoes get rotten. ……………………………………………………………………………
(f) Sugar dissolves in water……………………………………………………………………………...
(i) Which letter may represent particles in your chemistry exercise book? Explain.
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….
(ii) Which letter may represent particles in the air around you? Explain.
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….
(iii) Which letter may represent particles in orange juice? Explain.
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….
(c) The curve shown below is obtained by studying the change undergone by a substance as
temperature changes with time.
(i) Is the curve a cooling curve or heating curve?
Explain. …………………………………….
………………………………………………
(ii) What is the state of the substance at 20°C?
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
(iii) State the melting point of the substance. ……………………………………………..
(iv) State the boiling point of the substance. ………………………………………………
[Grand total = 15 mks]