Old Homes In

Bangladesh

Introduction

“What happens to parents when space is limited in the heart and homes of their children?

Old-age homes have become popular in Bangladesh. The traditional structure of a family

of Bangladesh is turning into a fast, racy lifestyle, where ambitious youth are discarding the old

values and in turn, their parents.

The parents are forced to live out their old age alone. An old man, once the head of the

family is now a subdued member of a house of strangers. The woman who once happily cooked

three meals a day is now forbidden from entering the community kitchen. There are no phones in

the old-age center, and the residents know no one will ask for them. The wrinkles on their faces

are as pronounced as the pains of being discarded. The bitter realization that we are all

dispensable comes into focus. They are nearing the ends of their lives with unfinished dreams

and many unanswered questions.

In Dhaka's largest old-age home, BOSHIPUK, the residents ask this question everyday:

how after a lifetime of striving to establish individual ownership and entitlement, they are now

fumbling to cope with this new involuntary communal life? Dhaka is the fastest-growing

megacity on the planet, and the landscape of the traditional Bengali family is being rapidly

erased. Respect for elders is being washed out.” (Full Frame: Death or Dream, N.D.)

This is all about my research. Children are becoming too busy with their lives and they

want to ignore their responsibilities towards their parents. They want to escape from their due

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responsibilities and trying to choose the old homes as an alternative at which they can send their

parents. By adopting this western culture we will achieve nothing but regret ourselves one day.

Hasan (2010) claimed that as the young and working class of our society, every single

day we are announcing that we are working to create a better future and society for our next

generation. But we ignore the people who have created the present, who contributed their entire

life for the betterment of their children. We have forgotten about the contribution of the last

generation, and the sacrifices they made for us.

Surely we are developing day by day, but we must provide space for the elderly people of

our country. A huge tendency among us is to treat them as a burden. But we have to remember

that what we are today is because of them. Sad but true story is- we are no longer ready to show

our respect, love and affection to our parents. We are getting involved in so many works that we

do not have a few time to talk with them nicely. This should not be happening in Bangladesh.

This woman says that a bench one-and-a-half feet wide, five feet long is all she needs to be happy- as long
as she is with her family. Instead, she lies alone in the backyard of an old-age home.

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Background

An old home is a multi-residence housing facility intended for senior citizens. The usual

pattern is that each person or couple in the home has an apartment-style room or suite of rooms.

Additional facilities are provided within the building. Often this includes facilities for meals,

gathering, recreation, and some form of health or hospice care. The level of facilities varies

enormously. A place in a retirement or old home can be paid for on a rental basis, like an

apartment, or can be bought in perpetuity on the same basis as a condominium.

(www.wikipedia.org)

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BOSHIPUK is one of Dhaka's largest old-age homes.

My research paper is all about the present view of our children about their parents.

Especially I would like to know, who have elderly parents in their homes how are they treating

them. Do they really take proper care of them or just behaving with them unjustly? Those who

have young parents, whether they want to send them to old homes for proper care in future or

not. Different private organizations are building old homes in Bangladesh and their future plan

about establishing this kind of old homes is really huge in number. I want to know about this

activity whether it is good or bad for our country. I also would like to know about the factors

behind sending people to old age homes. Lastly I will put question when old homes can be

beneficial for our country.

I intend to find answers to such questions through my research work. The primary data

will be collected by interviewing and passing questionnaires to the general citizens of Dhaka

city. To further clarify matters, I will take help from a wide range of interesting secondary

sources. They mostly include the related materials published in the books, internet, newspapers,

magazines, journals, reports, motion pictures and even in a song. By integrating my primary and

secondary data, I hope to give conclusive evidence to support my hypothesis.

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In brief, the hypothesis I am aiming to prove in this research is that, our parents do not

deserve to live in an old home at their old age and the children of our country should keep their

parents with them till their last breath.

Areas of Research

Through the research paper I intend to do my research about the following areas:

1. Introduction of old homes in Bangladesh.

a. When it was first introduced in Bangladesh?

b. Who organized these old homes?

c. What kind of elderly people first started to reside there?

My finding was from 1960, by a private initiative- Bangladesh Association for the Aged

and Institute of Geriatric Medicine (BAAIGM) is working with the elderly issue for this country.

This is way before any government action was taken. But the first old home was established in

1994 at Gazipur and the Nobel Laureate Mother Teresa laid the founder stone. Then many

different private organizations have built old homes in different districts of this country. Mainly

poor, helpless elderly people are the residents of these old homes. But there is lot who were

thrown out of their family by their children or willingly left their homes because of their

children’s inhuman behavior.

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2. Factors that motivate people to send their parents to old homes.

Here I found out that, most of the children think that aged parents are burden, many

married couple wants to live alone, after a certain age people get too busy to take care of their

parents.

3. Condition of the residents of old home

Through personal visit and reading different articles and books about old homes, I found

that majority of the residents are not happy to live there. They are getting proper care but they

need their children’s love and affection. Some of them realized the hard truth, but some still wait

for their children to come and take them back to their own sweet homes.

"I was waiting for my son and he didn't turn up again.

It's been 22 days now," says Munnujan Begam, age: 89.

4. Situations where old homes can be beneficial.

There can be many situation arise when old homes can really play an important role to

support our parents. For example, some parents lose their children and become helpless, one

might have only one child who went abroad and never came back, urban parents who came to

city for better living but became homeless, and there are many deprived parents who are not

getting proper care from their children and so on.

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5. Following western trend is not acceptable

Rather in necessary situation, if we send our parents just to follow the culture of the west

then it is regretful. We believe our parents sacrificed a lot for us when we were young. So we

have a duty to them at their old age. The major finding was no one wants to take old home as a

culture. It can be act as the last choice when there is no alternative left for the parents.

Hypothesis

I think building old homes might be beneficial physically but not morally and

psychologically for elderly people of our country. I believe old home is a part of western culture

where after a certain age parents willingly do not want to live with their children and sometimes

on the other hand, grown up or married son or daughter do not feel comfortable to live with their

parents. And so they send their parents to an old home. I think this tradition should not be

adopted in our country. I expect that the children of our country do not want to see their parents

end up in an old home and counting days for death without any caring and related person around.

In a nutshell, I am assuming that more and more old homes should not be growing in Bangladesh

and children want to take care of their parents and the parents also want to live with their

children till the last breath of their lives.

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Many elderly are left at BOSHIPUK, cast away by their family members.

Methodology

For my primary research, I have conducted a survey of a representative sampling of the

general public in Dhaka, students and faculties of North South University and interview people

who actually live in the old homes and find out what do they think about increasing old homes in

Bangladesh as well as do they really want to be a resident of old home when they are above 67

years old. I have gone around, provided questionnaires and interviewed people who know about

these old age homes. Even though the primary source of my survey was based mostly on North

South University, I tried my level best to get an equal mixture of both male and female

respondents, from different departments present in the university. I gave emphasis on going to

the faculties to fill up the questionnaire and personally talk with them to know about their

thoughts and views about old homes in Bangladesh.

I made adequate inquiries to find out the condition

of the residents of old homes. I made sure all of

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my questions had been answered by my respondents. Although I had spread out about 67

questionnaires, I was returned properly filled up 53. However, from those questionnaires that I

had received back, all of them had been properly filled and responds from the intellectual

persons and thus was useful in completing my project.

Few will remember Kulsum Bibi, who once was a freedom fighter. She migrated from Myanmar to then East Pakistan
in 1963 and lost her hearing while participating in the Liberation War in 1971.

For my secondary research, I took help from various articles published earlier in

different reports, newspapers and magazines, regarding old homes and its residents. I did search

and take help from resources of our north south university library and archive section from the

books articles or CDs about old homes. I also found some television shows about the condition

of old homes residents in Bangladesh and a beautiful song that strongly proved my hypothesis. I

utilized a lot of help from the internet, browsed through various websites and used search

engines like Bing, Yahoo and Google. My secondary sources had a good variety, they proved to

be extremely useful in supporting my hypothesis, and they were also very interesting and

informative.

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The popularity of old-age homes is growing in Bangladesh,

with the new generation of the country rejecting traditional values
and in turn, their parents.

Primary Data Presentation & Analysis

The trees are standing proudly on the ground, representing youth to 90-year-old Abdul Rahman. "We stood when we
were young. Everyone will grow old if they are alive," he says.

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For the collection of my primary data, I gave out questionnaires that were to be filled up

mostly by North South University (NSU) faculties and students and some general citizens of

Dhaka. I selected the respondents mainly based on their high intellectuality and ability of future

forecasting. I received filled up questionnaires from a total of 53 respondents, of which 38 were

male respondents (8 married) and the remaining 15 were female (5 married). The students

belonged to the age group of 20-25, while other respondents were age ranged from 40 to 60.

Most of the faculty respondents were from the department of BBA and Economics, while the

student respondents were all from different departments existing in NSU. In my survey, I asked a

total of 8 questions were multiple choices, 2 were yes/no questions. The answers are explained

and displayed in the charts below.

Question 1: Different private organizations are building old homes in Bangladesh and

they are motivating elderly people to reside there. What do you think about it?

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Description: From the above diagram it is seen that 19 respondent that is 36 percent of

the respondent think that building old homes is good while 45 percent of the respondent (24)

responded that more and more old homes should not be built in Bangladesh. Rest 19 percent (10)

remained neutral about the issue.

Analysis: From the graph above we can easily peak up that majority of the respondent do

not want an increase of old homes in Bangladesh. Whereas about one third of the respondent

think old homes can be beneficial for Bangladesh.

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Question 2. Do you feel that after a certain age our parents should be sent to old homes

for better care?

Description: Here only 1 out of 53 respondents said yes. 28 of them responded No and

remaining said Never.

Analysis: From above illustration I found that our children do not want to send their

parents to old homes. Because ‘no’ and ‘never’ are quite similar in meaning. I just used ‘never’

to give emphasis on the answer. So almost all respondent want to live with their parents.

Question 3. Why do generally people send their parents to old homes?

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Description: The X axis of the above bar chart is indicating the number of respondent

and Y axis is revealing the factors behind sending people to old homes. I divided it into male-

female category to know what they think about aged parents. Surprisingly most of the

respondents (25) think aged parents become burden for them. And another amazing reason they

chose that after just getting married they want to live alone, rather to live with their parents. Here

I found the female respondent more supportive than male. The annoying grand children option

did not work that much. Only 2 female chose this behind sending parents to old homes. But in

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the forth option I did not expect any tick mark but there are people in our country who leaves

their homes willingly. 5 responses were in other category.

Analysis: In the other category comment I found different interesting answer. For

example one thinks that the environment or the education the children is getting is the most

important thing to shape his/her behavior. Sending people to old homes is the evil consequence

of the immoral education system. Another stated a common excuse of limited time. One

responded intellectually, that when the children try to get away from their due duties and

responsibilities to their parents, they send them to old homes. The last but not the least

interesting response was majority of the wives do not want to live in their in-laws. So they

persuade their husbands to send the parents to old homes. And for keeping the wives happy

husbands send their parents to old homes. Majority response was about burden and newly

married couple wants to live alone while other major cause is lack of time and opportunity.

Anjuman Begum, 93, now lives at an old-age home.

"I want my body buried here; in this old age home," she says angrily.

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Question 4. After sacrificing so much for us when we were at childhood, do our parents

really deserve to live in an old home when they are old?

Description: The above doughnut shaped diagram is representing the responses of the

yes/no question. The deep blue color portion is showing that 9 percent of the respondents (5 out

of 53) think that our parents deserve to live in an old home as because they will get there peace

and proper care. But as expected 43 of the respondents (91 percent) think that they should keep

their parents with them till their last breath.

Analysis: The responses are showing that the children of our country still have respect

and love for their parents. They did not become robotic and have no hearts. This was the

response supporting my hypothesis.

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Question 5. Do you think majority of the residents of old homes are happy to live there?

Description: To illustrate the bar chart above, out of 53 respondent 30 think that old

home residents are not happy. 10 think maybe they are happy while one thinks that they are

happy to reside in the old homes. 12 of the respondent do not know about their condition.

Analysis: I asked this question to know how the respondents treat the old homes. Do they

think the place as a place of enjoyment or misery? I found that majority of the respondent know

the miserable condition of old home residents.

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Question 6. Is sending some money and visiting them once in a month at old home

sufficient for the parents?

Description: In the bar diagram above almost 99 percent (52 out of 53 respondents)

chose the option ‘no’ whereas surprisingly one male respondent thinks that money is all that the

parents need.

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Analysis: Through this question I justified that children have some responsibilities to

their parents other than just giving them financial support. And almost all the respondent agreed

with me.

Question 7. Would you like to send your parents at old home after your marriage or

when you cannot take proper care of them?

Description: The figure above is exhibiting the response of the question. Blue bar is

representing the male while red represents the female respondents. 34 of 38 male respondents

chose never to send their parents to old homes whereas the rest 4 chose ‘may be, time will say’.

On the other hand almost 94 percent (14 out of 15) of the female respondents will never send

their parents to old homes while 1 followed the 4 male respondents who chose ‘may be’.

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Analysis: Here it was good to see that neither male nor female respondents said ‘yes’ to

the question. Majority of them will never send their parents to old homes. This response

controverts my hypothesis that I assumed that children wants to send their parents to old homes

following the western culture.

Question 8. Do you know any person who lives in old home?

Description: The broken pie chart above is representing that 89 percent (47 out of 53) of

the respondent do not know any person personally who lives in old age home. Only 6 (11

percent) of them know such person who lives in old homes.

Analysis: Through this question I analyzed how popular the old homes are in Bangladesh

and how common is sending parents to old homes around us. And I tried to find the answer why

did the children actually send them to old homes. Here I got some situation by which I had to

change my view regarding old homes. Because there are some situations arise when we become

helpless and no more option left without sending them to old homes. For example, one cause was

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the parent had no children and the wife was always busy with teaching profession, so the father

had to be sent to old home. There were no relatives around. Another response was, the only child

f the parents left the country and sent their parents to old homes. One of the reasons was, the

father could not tolerate the activities of his children and could not control anger, so he himself

left the home. And the last was the most common cause, which is the children treated their

parents as burden and sent them to old home.

Question 9. In our country parents tend to live with their children. Should we replace this

tradition by increasing the number of old homes?

Description: The above pie diagram is displaying that 96 percent (51 out of 53) of the

respondents agreed with my hypothesis that we should not adopt this as a culture. Only 1 male

and 1 female responded that tradition should change when necessary.

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Analysis: Referring to the responses here I want to make an appeal to tradition. Please do

not change our beautiful tradition where our parents live with their children by adopting the most

inhuman culture named old home.

Question 10. When parents lose their children and become helpless then old homes can

be helpful for them. What do you think?

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Description: The above diagram is illustrating that 27 male and 10 female think that old

homes can be beneficial in some extreme situations, while only 11 male and 5 female think that

government has to pay a role to these helpless parents or they should live with their relatives.

Analysis: Here also I got some contradictory response regarding my hypothesis which

changed my view about old homes. Because 37 of total respondents consider old homes as

beneficial.

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Secondary Data Presentation & Analysis

My secondary sources were mainly consists of magazine articles, books and reports

related to my topic old homes in Bangladesh. The magazines were all provided with the

newspaper Daily Star. All the magazine articles were about the true stories of deprived old

people of country who live in old homes. Especially in the article ‘The value of respect’ there is

detail information about the lifestyle and the general activities of an old home situated in Gazipur

named ‘BOSHIPUK’. In the following article ‘Silent pain’ focuses on the visiting experience of

a team from Independent University Bangladesh at ‘Arunima old home’ in Savar. Similarly, ‘At

the end of the day’ tell us about a safe home for elderly people named ‘Bela sheshe’ in Mirpur.

All these articles explain about the lifestyle of the elderly citizens of old age homes in

Bangladesh. From those I came to know more about the miserable condition of home residents

about their daily work and there feeling. All stories proved my hypothesis strongly and inspired

me to do the research through which I can spread my message about the old home issue.

The report “Policy Responses to the Emerging Population Ageing in Bangladesh: A

developing Country’s experience” by Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Population

Sciences, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. (n.d.) helped me a lot to know about the policies that

have been taken for the emerging elderly population In Bangladesh as well as about the

introduction of old homes.

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The book “Aged Women in Urban Area of Dhaka in Bangladesh” by Nilufar, (2006),

revealed some case studies done on the unexpected behavior of our youngsters or the grown up

children with their parents. “The Rural Homeless in Bangladesh” by Rahman, (1993) is a small

book mainly about the homeless people, where they live and different care program for them.

“The urban poor in Bangladesh” by Islam, (2005) helped me with knowing about the miserable

condition of numerous old helpless people. While going through all these books I was changing

my thoughts about old homes. I thought old homes should not be built in Bangladesh and it was

also a part of my hypothesis. But after reading this books and knowing old people’s miserable

condition I think old homes can be an organized beautiful way to help these helpless, homeless

elderly people.

My second major sources were the websites. All the pictures and photo comment I have

used throughout the research paper were collected from website. “Full Frame: Death or Dream”

by Hasan, (2010) really provided me ample pictures which clearly proved my hypothesis. I did

not need any words, the picture themselves speak. I also visited Citi group’s and Novartis

Bangladesh Limited’s website to know about their existing and future plans regarding old homes.

The most interesting secondary source which strongly proved my hypothesis correct

about the miserable condition of old home residents was the song titled “Briddhashram” by

Chakraborti, (2004). This heart touching song is really very popular. It was first released in 2004

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and again remake in 2011. The song deals with the scene that a typical busy official is leaving

his old mother in an old home and after that about the mother’s measurable feeling about it.

My personal communication with Ajit Kumar Majumder, Chairman of Statistics

Department, Jahangir Nagar University helped me to understand the economic benefit of these

kind of old homes and child care centers. He illustrates that these elderly citizen care centre can

be a good option to help the old people. We should not adopt it as a culture but rather than giving

charity here and there we can give united help to our elderly helpless citizens through building

more and more old age homes in our country.

Most of the faculty members’ suggestions were most valuable to me. Because they had

intense knowledge about the matter and they showed me how to think rationally rather than

emotionally. They pulled me to the right track.

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The footsteps of Shurovi, who died on June 25, 2009, at the age of 70, will never touch the ground.

Everyone will forget her eventually. A new person will come to the home and take her place.

Limitation
There is nothing absolute flawless in the world. Everything must have some limitations.

Similarly, I too have faced several short-comings in conducting my research. I have not been

able to gather primary data from ample respondent. My survey consisted of only 53 respondents

which is not a good number for conducting a research. Different age, profession, religion, race,

economic class respondent would help to enrich my survey. Moreover most of them were

students who do not have sufficient knowledge about old age homes. Thus, my insufficient data

pool was not adequate to provide the concrete base required to prove or refute my hypothesis. I

also struggled with finding secondary sources related to my topic. However, they were fairly

helpful. My questionnaire design was not perfect. Without pilot survey it came out very biased

questionnaire by which a research cannot be done actually. Some of the answers were

overlapping and some of the questions were not understood properly by my respondents. The

main obstacle I faced while doing this project is- I could not talk personally with the residents of

old homes to know something about their feeling and stories behind coming into old homes.

Finally, time constraints have led to the decline of the quality of the report. Because if I had

much time I could have done it like a real research. To be honest, this project was more like a

survey than research. I think if I could get more time, I would have met different organization

manager, director, NGOs and talk with them about the existing condition and their future plan

about old homes. It is not easy to meet them always. After a long time they agree to meet and

talk. Because according to them, if there is no profit then they are not interested in giving time.

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After looking through some secondary data I largely changed my view about the old homes. So

if I could talk with the high officials and access most of the old homes, then my research could

have been a valuable one.

Recommendation

I think a research on my topic could be done in a better way if data can be collected from

different kinds of respondent as mentioned earlier. A larger number of respondents can also offer

more accurate results. Searching out additional secondary sources, related to increasing number

of old homes in Bangladesh, can help readers to understand the topic more clearly. This will

assist in improved integration of the primary and secondary data, to provide the concrete

evidence required to prove or refute the hypothesis. Planning out the research project and timing

each task can support completion of the report without facing time constraints. Lastly, a better

and carefully planned out questionnaire can assist greatly in acquiring more accurate results and

get a valuable research paper.

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The dried leaves, the withered skin and the faded clothes all remind this woman

that everything is disposable in life — including her.

Conclusion

To conclude the paper I would like to restate that old homes are the most undesirable

place for our parents. They just want our love and company. No matter what we should keep

them with us. They sacrificed a lot for us. Cannot we just give them a little time and be nice with

them? Instead of being irritated we should be patient enough to deal with them. Because after the

research I found that in our country old homes is not a place of enjoyment, although in India,

Malaysia and many other developing countries, they give the residents many enjoyable works to

do and the elderly people are happy to live there. And in the developed countries parents

willingly leave their homes. But in Bangladesh this culture should not be developed. Our parents

should live with us as because we have much responsibility towards them. We should not treat

them as a burden. Although my hypothesis was not proved correct entirely, I did find that our

children do not want to send their parents to old homes anyway. Finally, old homes are not that

much popular in Bangladesh and children are not thinking about it as an alternative. I have

gained a thorough insight on the matters discussed while conducting this project, and I sincerely

hope so will you after going through this research. In conclusion it can be said that the research

findings do prove the hypothesis to be correct in a very great extent. In some cases, as suggested

by some secondary sources incorporated in this research work, old homes can be beneficial for

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our country. If this research is to be taken further, as far as I am concerned, a greater sample of

respondent should be surveyed and a number of one to one interviews should be conducted.

Other than all these, after doing this research I find a positive change in my view about old

homes rather thinking it as an entire bad.

References
I. Magazine

1. Islam, K. S. (2007, November 02). The Value of Respect. Star Weekend Magazine, 6(42),

10-14.

2. Ahmed, H. S. (2006, March 03). At The End of the Day. Star Weekend Magazine, 5(84),

9-10.

3. Bini, T. H. (2010, July 11). Silent Pain. Star Campus, 2(28), 15.

4. Pritom, N. J. (2009, June 19). A Complete Life Plan. Star Weekend Magazine, 8(74), 5-6.

5. Mishtak, E. (2010, October 07). Burden. Rising Star, 3(42), 7.

II. Newspaper

6. Nawazish, M. (2010, October 02). On Taking Care of the Old. The Independent, p.9.

7. Sultana, M. M. (2005, August 31). Where The Elderly Feel Safe. The Daily Star, 5(450),

p.11.

III. Books

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8. Nilufar, N. (2006). Aged Women in Urban Area of Dhaka in Bangladesh. New Market,

Dhaka: A. H. Development Publishing House, 187-211.

9. Rahman, T. (1993). The Rural Homeless in Bangladesh. Paribag, Dhaka: United Nations

International Children Emergency Fund, 52-62.

10. Islam, N. (2005). The Urban Poor in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Centre for Urban Studies

(CUS), 81-91.

11. Shahidullah, M. (1953). Bangla shahitter kotha. Banglabajar, Dhaka: Maula Brothers, iv

IV. Electronic Sources

12. Hasan, K. (2010, October 20). Full Frame: Death or Dream. Retrieved from

http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/asia/101004/bangladesh-elderly-homes-

photos

13. Maharjan, A. (2008, November). Shiddhi Shaligram Briddhashram: Home for the elderly

at Pashupatinath. Retrieved fromhttp://www.ecs.com.np/feature_detail.php?f_id=

122

14. Should we hold our old parents in home or send them to some other place? (2010).

Retrieved from http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101029060229

AAtgNyb

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15. Should the trend of sending old parents to old age homes be encouraged? (2011,

February 13). Retrieved from http://www.indiastudychannel.com/experts/21571-

old-age-homes-send-parents.aspx

16. Hasan, R. (2008, April 24). Novartis (Bangladesh) Limited celebrates Community

Partnership Day with elderly citizens at a local old home called BOSHIPUK.

Retrieved from http://www.novartis.com.bd/news_current_CPD2008.html

17. Citi Asia Pacific Citizenship Update. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.citibank.com/

citi/citizen/asia/grants.htm#bangladesh

18. Old Age Homes. (2011). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_age_home

Some general information about the retirement homes are there in this page.

V. Song

19. Chakraborti, N. (2004, June 1). Briddhashram. On Briddhashram [CD]. Kolkata, India:

Saregama

VI. Personal Communication

20. Tamjid, personal communication, July 5, 2011

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VII. Report

21. Khan, M. H., Assistant Professor, Department of Population Sciences, University of

Dhaka, Bangladesh. (n.d.) Policy Responses to the Emerging Population Ageing

In Bangladesh: A developing Country’s experience. Retrieved from

http://iussp2009.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=91324

Appendix
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