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Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG is natural gas stored as a super-cooled (cryogenic) liquid. The temperature
required to condense natural gas depends on its precise composition, but it is typically between -120 and
-170°C (-184 and –274°F). The advantage of LNG is that it offers an energy density comparable to diesel
fuels, extending range and reducing refueling frequency.
The disadvantage, however, is the high cost of cryogenic storage on vehicles and the major infrastructure
requirement of LNG dispensing stations, production plants and transportation facilities. LNG has begun to
find its place in heavy-duty applications in places like the US, Japan, the UK and some countries in Europe.
For many developing nations, this is currently not a practical option.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG (also called Autogas) consists mainly of propane, propylene, butane, and
butylene in various mixtures. It is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining.
The components of LPG are gases at normal temperatures and pressures. One challenge with LPG is that it
can vary widely in composition, leading to variable engine performance and cold starting performance. At
normal temperatures and pressures, LPG will evaporate. Unlike natural gas, LPG is heavier than air, and thus
will flow along floors and tend to settle in low spots, such as basements. Such accumulations can cause
explosion hazards, and are the reason that LPG fueled vehicles are prohibited from indoor parkades in many
jurisdictions.
History of CNG:
• CNG has been delivered in steel tube trailers since
shortly after WWII.
• The first CNG vehicles dates back to the 1930s
• Trucked CNG operations have been in place in Latin
America, Asia, and Canada for decades, with the oldest
operations dating to the 1960s.
• Compass Natural Gas is the first company in
Pennsylvania to deliver bulk CNG to customers.
300-330 mmbtu/load
~2,200 DGE/load
Mack CNG Pinnacle Day Cab Delivers gas at 3,600 psi
Compressor
Power Generation
UT
UC UT
UC UT
UC
UC
UT
Tractor and trailer
Compass-Quaker
Site Drawing
CNG Compressor (twin 300 HP) CNG Compressor (single 600 HP) Natural Gas Drier
Customer Decant:
More LNG CNG has a high ignition temperature and narrow range
Dangerous of flammability: around 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit,
Propane compared to 600 degrees Fahrenheit for gasoline.
Gasoline
CNG is lighter than air: it will dissipate in the event of a
Diesel leak and will not pool on the ground, unlike diesel,
propane, and gasoline.
CNG Reference: “Portable Pipelines” - Chris Christopoulos Jr. & Michael Callan, portable-pipelines.com
PA Wholesale Propane
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