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MOBILE PIPELINE 101

BY COMPASS NATURAL GAS PARTNERS, LP


PRESENTER: YVES E. POLLART, PE, BCEE, EVP - ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT
COMPASSNGP.COM
Compass CNG Compression
and Loading terminal
25,000+ mmbtu/day

Compass CNG Decant Site


Each CNG truck arrives at customer
site with ~300-330 mmbtu of CNG
ready for the customer.

COMPASS NATURAL GAS extracts gas from pipeline bottlenecks and


stranded wells, compresses it, and delivers it by truck to industrial, transport,
agricultural, commercial, governmental, and other customers.

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
What is CNG?

• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is natural gas that is dried to


remove residual moisture and compressed to 3,000 - 3,600psi.
• CNG can be used as an alternative fuel in place of any
traditional energy (fuel oil, diesel, propane, gasoline).
• Compressing the gas allows for greater storage density in
specialty bulk highway cargo tanks.
• Because CNG is compressed to a high pressure, it is safer and
dissipates in the air and does not pool on the ground in the
event of a leak, such as propane or diesel.

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
CNG vs. LPG vs. LNG
Compressed Natural Gas or CNG is stored on the vehicle in high-pressure tanks (3,000 to 3,600 psi). A sulphur-
based odorant is normally added to CNG to facilitate leak detection. Natural gas is lighter than air and thus
will normally dissipate in the case of a leak, giving it a significant safety advantage over gasoline or LPG.

Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG is natural gas stored as a super-cooled (cryogenic) liquid. The temperature
required to condense natural gas depends on its precise composition, but it is typically between -120 and
-170°C (-184 and –274°F). The advantage of LNG is that it offers an energy density comparable to diesel
fuels, extending range and reducing refueling frequency.

The disadvantage, however, is the high cost of cryogenic storage on vehicles and the major infrastructure
requirement of LNG dispensing stations, production plants and transportation facilities. LNG has begun to
find its place in heavy-duty applications in places like the US, Japan, the UK and some countries in Europe.
For many developing nations, this is currently not a practical option.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG (also called Autogas) consists mainly of propane, propylene, butane, and
butylene in various mixtures. It is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining.
The components of LPG are gases at normal temperatures and pressures. One challenge with LPG is that it
can vary widely in composition, leading to variable engine performance and cold starting performance. At
normal temperatures and pressures, LPG will evaporate. Unlike natural gas, LPG is heavier than air, and thus
will flow along floors and tend to settle in low spots, such as basements. Such accumulations can cause
explosion hazards, and are the reason that LPG fueled vehicles are prohibited from indoor parkades in many
jurisdictions.

Courtesy of Alternative Fuel Sources Inc.

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
CNG Background

History of CNG:
• CNG has been delivered in steel tube trailers since
shortly after WWII.
• The first CNG vehicles dates back to the 1930s
• Trucked CNG operations have been in place in Latin
America, Asia, and Canada for decades, with the oldest
operations dating to the 1960s.
• Compass Natural Gas is the first company in
Pennsylvania to deliver bulk CNG to customers.

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
CNG Truck & Trailer

CNG Trailer deliverable capacity:

300-330 mmbtu/load
~2,200 DGE/load
Mack CNG Pinnacle Day Cab Delivers gas at 3,600 psi

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
Types of CNG Trailers

Courtesy of Hexagon Lincoln Composites

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
CNG Compression & Distribution Terminal

Compressor

Power Generation

UT
UC UT
UC UT
UC

UC
UT
Tractor and trailer

Compass-Quaker
Site Drawing

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
Natural Gas Meter Station

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
CNG Terminal Components

CNG Compressor (twin 300 HP) CNG Compressor (single 600 HP) Natural Gas Drier

CNG Trailer Fill Lanes

Power Generation Unit

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
CNG at Work: Customer Site

• Industrial food processing


plant in Pennsylvania
• 1,800 fuel oil gallons replaced
every day
• Boilers operating more
efficiently
• Planned expansion in near
future

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
How it Works

Gas Compression & Delivery & Implementation & Trailer Swap :


1 Loading: 2 Decompression: 3 Once the trailer is emptied, a
Natural gas is Natural gas is delivered switch opens a valve to a full
compressed to and decompressed to trailer and a signal is sent to
3,600 psi and filled the facility’s required Compass to deliver a new
into trailers pressure for operations. trailer of gas

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
Customer Site Decant

Customer Decant:

CNG is brought down to a usable


(3,600 psi to ~50 psi) pressure for
customer operations.

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
Safety of CNG

More LNG CNG has a high ignition temperature and narrow range
Dangerous of flammability: around 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit,
Propane compared to 600 degrees Fahrenheit for gasoline.
Gasoline
CNG is lighter than air: it will dissipate in the event of a
Diesel leak and will not pool on the ground, unlike diesel,
propane, and gasoline.
CNG Reference: “Portable Pipelines” - Chris Christopoulos Jr. & Michael Callan, portable-pipelines.com

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
Unit Economics
CNG remains one of the lowest and price-stable energies on the market.
Boiler conversion for industrial customers typically costs between $50k to $400k, depending on
existing equipment. The typical break even on such an investment is less than two years.

Marcellus Gas Source

PA Wholesale Propane

PA Wholesale Fuel Oil

Source: OPIS & Platts Daily

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S
FOR MORE INFORMATION, PLEASE
VISIT COMPASSNGP.COM AND
FOLLOW US ON LINKEDIN!

THANK YOU.

YVES E. POLLART, PE, BCEE


EVP - ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT
YVES@COMPASSNGP.COM
(717) 963-7442

CNG LOGISTICS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY


C O M PA S S N AT U R A L G A S

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