88C46-D PR DS PRO-port-1 Pro5150

Professional Radio
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A, Motorola, Professional Radio, PRO Series and PRO Model
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International, Inc. PassPort is a registered trademark of Trident
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Detailed
Service Manual
© 2000, 2001 Motorola, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.
*6881088C46*
68P81088C46-D
Safety-i
SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON SAFE AND EFFICIENT OPERATION

READ THIS INFORMATION BEFORE USING YOUR TWO-WAY RADIO
The information provided in this document supersedes the general safety information contained in user
guides published prior to July 2000. For information regarding radio use and hazardous atmosphere please
refer to the Factory Mutual (FM) Approval Manual Supplement or Instruction Card, which is included with
radio models that offer this capability.
RF Operational Characteristics
Your radio contains a transmitter and a receiver. When it is ON, it receives and transmits radio frequency (RF)
energy.
Exposure To Radio Frequency Energy
Your Motorola Two-Way Radio, is designed to comply with the following National and International Standards and
Guidelines regarding exposure of human beings to radio frequency electromagnetic energy (EME):
• United States Federal Communications Commission, Code of Federal Regulations
(47 CFR part 2 sub-part J).
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
(C95.1 - 1992)
• Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) (C95.1-1999 Edition)
• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) of the United States (Report 86,
1986)
• International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRP - 1998)
• National Radiological Protection Board of the United Kingdom (1995)
• Ministry of Health (Canada) Safety Code 6. Limits of Human Exposure to Radio frequency Electromagnetic
Fields in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz (1999)
• Australian Communications Authority Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic Radiation - Human Expo-
sure) Standard (1999) (applicable to wireless phones only)
PORTABLE RADIO OPERATION AND EME EXPOSURE

To assure optimal radio performance and make sure human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic
energy is within the guidelines set forth in the above standards, always adhere to the following procedures:
Antenna Care
Use only the supplied or an approved replacement antenna. Unauthorized antennas, modifications, or
attachments could damage the radio and may violate FCC regulations.
DO NOT hold the antenna when the two-way radio is “IN USE”. Holding the antenna affects call quality
and may cause the radio to operate at a higher power level than needed.
Two-Way Radio Operation
When using your radio as a traditional two-way radio, hold the radio in a vertical position with the
microphone one to two inches (2.5 to 5 cm) away from the lips.
MAN WITH RADIO

Safety-ii
Body-Worn Operation
To maintain compliance with FCC RF exposure guidelines, if you wear a radio on your body when
transmitting, always place the radio in a Motorola supplied or approved clip, holder, holster, case, or
body harness. Use of non-Motorola-approved accessories may exceed FCC RF exposure guidelines. If you
do not use a body-worn accessory, ensure the antenna is at least one inch (2.5 cm) from your body
when transmitting.
Data Operation
When using any data feature of the radio, with or without an accessory cable, position the antenna of the
radio at least one inch (2.5 cm) from the body.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE/COMPATIBILITY
Note: Nearly every electronic device is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) if inadequately
shielded, designed or otherwise configured for electromagnetic compatibility.
• FACILITIES
To avoid electromagnetic interference and/or compatibility conflicts, turn off your radio in any facility where
posted notices instruct you to do so. Hospitals or health care facilities may be using equipment that is
sensitive to external RF energy.
• AIRCRAFT
When instructed to do so, turn off your radio when on board an aircraft. Any use of a radio must be in
accordance with applicable regulations per airline crew instructions.
• MEDICAL DEVICES
• Pacemakers
The Health Industry Manufacturers Association recommends that a minimum separation of 6 inches (15
cm) be maintained between a handheld wireless radio and a pacemaker. These recommendations are
consistent with the independent research by, and recommendations of, Wireless Technology Research.
Persons with pacemakers should:
• ALWAYS keep the radio more than six inches (15 cm) from their pacemaker when the radio is turned ON.
• not carry the radio in the breast pocket.
• use the ear opposite the pacemaker to minimize the potential for interference.
• turn the radio OFF immediately if you have any reason to suspect that interference is taking place.
• Hearing Aids
Some digital wireless radios may interfere with some hearing aids. In the event of such interference, you
may want to consult your hearing aid manufacturer to discuss alternatives.
• Other Medical Devices
If you use any other personal medical device, consult the manufacturer of your device to determine if it is
adequately shielded from RF energy. Your physician may be able to assist you in obtaining this
information.
Safety-iii
SAFETY AND GENERAL

• Use While Driving
Check the laws and regulations on the use of radios in the area where you drive. Always obey them
When using your radio while driving, please:
• Give full attention to driving and to the road.
• Use hands-free operation, if available.
• Pull off the road and park before making or answering a call if driving conditions so require.
OPERATIONAL WARNINGS
!
• FOR VEHICLES WITH AN AIR BAG WARNING
Do not place a portable radio in the area over an air bag or in the air bag deployment area. Air bags inflate
with great force. If a portable radio is placed in the air bag deployment area and the air bag inflates, the radio
may be propelled with great force and cause serious injury to occupants of the vehicle.
• POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES

Turn off your radio prior to entering any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere, unless it is a radio type
especially qualified for use in such areas as “Intrinsically Safe” (for example, Factory Mutual, CSA, or UL
Approved). Do not remove, install, or charge batteries in such areas. Sparks in a potentially explosive
atmosphere can cause an explosion or fire resulting in bodily injury or even death.
Note: The areas with potentially explosive atmospheres referred to above include fueling areas such as
below decks on boats, fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities, areas where the air contains
chemicals or particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders, and any other area where you would nor-
mally be advised to turn off your vehicle engine. Areas with potentially explosive atmospheres are
often but not always posted.
• BLASTING CAPS AND AREAS

To avoid possible interference with blasting operations, turn off your radio when you are near electrical
blasting caps, in a blasting area, or in areas posted: “Turn off two-way radio”. Obey all signs and instructions.
OPERATIONAL CAUTIONS
!
• ANTENNAS Caution
Do not use any portable radio that has a damaged antenna. If a damaged antenna comes into contact
with your skin, a minor burn can result.
• BATTERIES
All batteries can cause property damage and/or bodily injury such as burns if a conductive material such as
jewelry, keys, or beaded chains touch exposed terminals. The conductive material may complete an electrical
circuit (short circuit) and become quite hot. Exercise care in handling any charged battery, particularly when
placing it inside a pocket, purse, or other container with metal objects.
Safety-iv
Intrinsically Safe Radio Information

FMRC Approved Equipment
Anyone intending to use a radio in a location where hazardous concentrations of flammable material
exist (hazardous atmosphere) is advised to become familiar with the subject of intrinsic safety and
with the National Electric Code NFPA 70 (National Fire Protection Association) Article 500 (hazardous
[classified] locations).
An Approval Guide, issued by Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC), lists manufacturers and
the products approved by FMRC for use in such locations. FMRC has also issued a voluntary
approval standard for repair service (“Class Number 3605”).
FMRC Approval labels are attached to the radio to identify the unit as being FM Approved for
specified hazardous atmospheres. This label specifies the hazardous Class/Division/Group along
with the part number of the battery that must be used. Depending on the design of the portable unit,
this FM label can be found on the back of the radio housing or the bottom of the radio housing.Their
Approval mark is shown below.
FM
APPROVED
WARNING: Do not operate radio communications equipment in a hazardous atmosphere

unless it is a type especially qualified (e.g. FMRC Approved) for such use. An explosion or
! fire may result.
WARNING: Do not operate the FMRC Approved Product in a hazardous atmosphere if it has
been physically damaged (e.g. cracked housing). An explosion or fire may result.
WARNING: Do not replace or charge batteries in a hazardous atmosphere. Contact sparking
may occur while installing or removing batteries and cause an explosion or fire.
WARNING: Do not replace or change accessories in a hazardous atmosphere. Contact
sparking may occur while installing or removing accessories and cause an explosion or fire.
WARNING: Do not operate the FMRC Approved Product unit in a hazardous location with the
accessory contacts exposed. Keep the connector cover in place when accessories are not
used.
WARNING: Turn radio off before removing or installing a battery or accessory.
WARNING: Do not disassemble the FMRC Approved Product unit in any way that exposes
the internal electrical circuits of the unit.
Radios must ship from the Motorola manufacturing facility with the hazardous atmosphere
capability and FM Approval labeling. Radios will not be “upgraded” to this capability and
labeled in the field.
A modification changes the unit’s hardware from its original design configuration. Modifications can
only be done by the original product manufacturer at one of its FMRC audited manufacturing facilities.
WARNING: Failure to use an FMRC Approved Product unit with an FMRC Approved battery
or FMRC Approved accessories specifically approved for that product may result in the dan-
! gerously unsafe condition of an unapproved radio combination being used in a hazardous
location.
Unauthorized or incorrect modification of an FMRC Approved Product unit will negate the Approval
rating of the product.
Safety-v
Repair of FMRC Approved Products

REPAIRS FOR MOTOROLA FMRC APPROVED PRODUCTS ARE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE
USER.
You should not repair or relabel any Motorola manufactured communication equipment bearing the
FMRC Approval label (FMRC Approved Product) unless you are familiar with the current FMRC
Approval standard for repairs and service (Class Number 3605).
You may want to consider using a repair facility that operates under 3605 repair service approval.
WARNING: Incorrect repair or relabeling of any FMRC Approved Product unit could
! adversely affect the Approval rating of the unit.
WARNING: Use of a radio that is not intrinsically safe in a hazardous atmosphere could
result in serious injury or death.
FMRC’s Approval Standard Class Number 3605 is subject to change at any time without notice to
you, so you may want to obtain a current copy of 3605 from FMRC. Per the December, 1994
publication of 3605, some key definitions and service requirements are as follows:
Repair
A repair constitutes something done internally to the unit that would bring it back to its original
condition Approved by FMRC. A repair should be done in an FMRC Approved facility.
Items not considered as repairs are those in which an action is performed on a unit which does not
require the outer casing of the unit to be opened in a manner which exposes the internal electrical
circuits of the unit. You do not have to be an FMRC Approved Repair Facility to perform these actions.
Relabeling
The repair facility shall have a method by which the replacement of FMRC Approval labels are
controlled to ensure that any relabeling is limited to units that were originally shipped from the
Manufacturer with an FM Approval label in place. FMRC Approval labels shall not be stocked by the
repair facility. An FMRC Approval label shall be ordered from the original manufacturer as needed to
repair a specific unit. Replacement labels may be obtained and applied by the repair facility providing
satisfactory evidence that the unit being relabeled was originally an FMRC Approved unit. Verification
may include, but is not limited to: a unit with a damaged Approval label, a unit with a defective housing
displaying an Approval label, or a customer invoice indicating the serial number of the unit and
purchase of an FMRC Approved model.
Do Not Substitute Options or Accessories

The Motorola communications equipment certified by Factory Mutual is tested as a system and
consists of the FM Approved portable, FM Approved battery, and FM Approved accessories or
options, or both. This Approved portable and battery combination must be strictly observed. There
must be no substitution of items, even if the substitute has been previously Approved with a different
Motorola communications equipment unit. Approved configurations are listed in the FM Approval
guide published by FMRC, or in the product FM Supplement. This FM Supplement is shipped with FM
Approved radio and battery combination from the manufacturer. The Approval guide, or the Approval
standard Class Number 3605 document for repairs and service, can be ordered directly through
Factory Mutual Research Corporation located in Norwood, Massachusetts.
Safety-vi
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vii
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Scope of Manual ........................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Warranty and Service Support..................................................................................... 1-1
1.2.1 Warranty Period................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2.2 Return Instructions .............................................................................................................. 1-1
1.2.3 After Warranty Period .......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.3 Related Documents ...................................................................................................... 1-2
1.4 Technical Support......................................................................................................... 1-2
1.4.1 Piece Parts Availability ........................................................................................................ 1-2
1.5 Radio Model Chart and Specifications........................................................................ 1-3
1.6 Radio Model Information .............................................................................................. 1-3
Chapter 2 Theory of Operation

2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.2 Radio Power Distribution ............................................................................................. 2-1
Figure 2-1:DC Power Distribution Block Diagram ............................................................. 2-1
2.3 Keypad ........................................................................................................................... 2-2
Figure 2-2:Keypad Block Diagram .................................................................................... 2-2
2.4 Controller Board ........................................................................................................... 2-3
Figure 2-3:Controller Block Diagram................................................................................. 2-3
2.4.1 MCU Digital ......................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.1 Real Time Clock .................................................................................................................. 2-4
2.4.2 Circuit Description ............................................................................................................... 2-4
Figure 2-4:RTC Circuit ...................................................................................................... 2-4
2.4.1 MODB/VSTBY Supply ......................................................................................................... 2-4
2.4.1 Audio/Signaling.................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.5 UHF Transmitter ............................................................................................................ 2-5
Figure 2-5:UHF Transmitter Block Diagram...................................................................... 2-5
2.5.1 Power Amplifier (PA) ........................................................................................................... 2-5
2.5.2 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.5.3 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.5.4 Antenna Matching Network ................................................................................................. 2-6
2.5.5 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC) ............................................................................. 2-6
2.5.6 Temperature Cut Back Circuit ............................................................................................. 2-6
2.6 UHF Receiver................................................................................................................. 2-6
Figure 2-6:UHF Receiver Block Diagram.......................................................................... 2-7
2.6.1 Receiver Front-End ............................................................................................................. 2-7
2.6.2 Receiver Back-End.............................................................................................................. 2-8
2.6.3 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) ............................................................................................ 2-8
2.6.4 Frequency Generation Circuit.............................................................................................. 2-9
Figure 2-7:UHF Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram............................................. 2-9
2.7 Synthesizer .................................................................................................................... 2-9
Figure 2-8:UHF Synthesizer Block Diagram ................................................................... 2-10
2.8 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)............................................................................... 2-10
Figure 2-9:UHF VCO Block Diagram .............................................................................. 2-11
viii
2.9 VHF Transmitter .......................................................................................................... 2-12

Figure 2-10:VHF Transmitter Block Diagram.................................................................. 2-12
2.9.1 Power Amplifier.................................................................................................................. 2-12
2.9.2 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................. 2-12
2.9.3 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................. 2-13
2.9.4 Antenna Matching Network................................................................................................ 2-13
2.9.5 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)............................................................................ 2-13
2.10 VHF Receiver............................................................................................................... 2-13
Figure 2-11:VHF Receiver Block Diagram...................................................................... 2-14
2.10.1 Receiver Front-End............................................................................................................ 2-14
2.10.2 Receiver Back-End ............................................................................................................ 2-15
2.10.3 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) .......................................................................................... 2-15
2.10.4 Frequency Generation Circuit............................................................................................ 2-16
Figure 2-12:VHF Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram......................................... 2-16
2.11 Synthesizer.................................................................................................................. 2-16
Figure 2-13:VHF Synthesizer Block Diagram ................................................................. 2-17
2.12 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) .............................................................................. 2-17
Figure 2-14:VHF VCO Block Diagram ............................................................................ 2-18
2.13 Low Band Transmitter ................................................................................................ 2-19
Figure 2-15:Low Band Transmitter Block Diagram ......................................................... 2-19
2.13.1 Power Amplifier (PA) ......................................................................................................... 2-19
2.13.2 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................. 2-19
2.13.3 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................. 2-20
2.13.4 Antenna Matching Transformer ......................................................................................... 2-20
2.13.6 Temperature Cut Back Circuit ........................................................................................... 2-20
2.13.7 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection Circuit............................................................... 2-20
2.14 Low Band Receiver..................................................................................................... 2-20
Figure 2-16:Low Band Receiver Block Diagram ............................................................. 2-21
2.14.3 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) .......................................................................................... 2-22
Figure 2-17:Low Band Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram ................................ 2-23
2.15 Synthesizer.................................................................................................................. 2-23
Figure 2-18:Low Band Synthesizer Block Diagram ........................................................ 2-24
2.16 Voltage Control Oscillators (VCO) ............................................................................ 2-24
2.16.1 Receive VCO ..................................................................................................................... 2-24
2.16.2 Transmit VCO .................................................................................................................... 2-24
2.16.3 Buffer ................................................................................................................................. 2-24
2.16.4 Diplexer/Output Filters ....................................................................................................... 2-24
2.16.5 Prescalar Feedback........................................................................................................... 2-25
2.17 800 MHz Transmitter................................................................................................... 2-25
Figure 2-19:800 MHz Transmitter Block Diagram........................................................... 2-25
2.17.1 Power Amplifier.................................................................................................................. 2-25
2.17.2 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................. 2-26
2.17.3 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................. 2-26
2.18 800 MHz Receiver ....................................................................................................... 2-27
Figure 2-20:800MHz Receiver Block Diagram ............................................................... 2-27
ix
2.18.3 Automatic Gain Control Circuit .......................................................................................... 2-28

Figure 2-21:800 MHz Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram.................................. 2-29
2.19 Synthesizer .................................................................................................................. 2-30
Figure 2-22:800 MHz Synthesizer Block Diagram .......................................................... 2-30
2.19.1 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)....................................................................................... 2-31
Figure 2-23:800 MHz VCO Block Diagram ..................................................................... 2-31
2.20 Trunked Radio Systems ............................................................................................. 2-32
2.20.1 Privacy Plus Trunked Systems.......................................................................................... 2-32
2.20.2 LTR™ Trunked Systems ................................................................................................... 2-32
2.20.3 MPT Trunked Systems ...................................................................................................... 2-32
2.20.4 PassPort™ Trunked Systems ........................................................................................... 2-33
2.21 900 MHz Transmitter ................................................................................................... 2-34
Figure 2-24:Transmitter Block Diagram .......................................................................... 2-34
2.21.1 Power Amplifier ................................................................................................................. 2-35
2.21.2 Antenna Switch.................................................................................................................. 2-35
2.21.3 Harmonic Filter .................................................................................................................. 2-35
2.21.4 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC) ........................................................................... 2-35
2.22 900 MHz Receiver........................................................................................................ 2-36
Figure 2-25:900 MHz Receiver Block Diagram............................................................... 2-36
2.22.1 Receiver Front-End ........................................................................................................... 2-36
2.22.2 Receiver Back-End............................................................................................................ 2-37
2.22.3 Hear Clear IC..................................................................................................................... 2-37
2.22.4 Automatic Gain Control Circuit .......................................................................................... 2-38
2.23 Frequency Generation Circuitry ................................................................................ 2-39
Figure 2-26:Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram ................................................. 2-39
2.24 900 MHz Synthesizer .................................................................................................. 2-40
Figure 2-27:Synthesizer Block Diagram.......................................................................... 2-40
2.25 900 MHz Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO) ............................................................... 2-41
Figure 2-28:VCO Block Diagram..................................................................................... 2-41
Chapter 3 Maintenance
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.3 Inspection ...................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.3.1 Cleaning .............................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.4 Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS........................................................................... 3-2
3.5 General Repair Procedures and Techniques ............................................................. 3-2
3.6 Recommended Test Tools ........................................................................................... 3-4
3.7 Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse ............................................................................... 3-5
Figure 3-1:UHF/VHF/Low Band/800MHz/900MHz Circuit Board Fuse Locations ............ 3-6
3.2 Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Board............................................................ 3-7
Figure 3-2:Circuit Board Removal and Reinstallation ....................................................... 3-7
3.3 Power Up Self-Test Error Codes.................................................................................. 3-7
3.4 UHF Troubleshooting Charts ....................................................................................... 3-9
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller........................................................................................ 3-9
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2) ................................................................ 3-10
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter ................................................................................... 3-12
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer .................................................................................. 3-13
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO ............................................................................................. 3-14
x
3.5 VHF Troubleshooting Charts ..................................................................................... 3-15

Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller ...................................................................................... 3-15
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer................................................................................... 3-19
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO.............................................................................................. 3-20
3.6 Low Band Troubleshooting Charts ........................................................................... 3-21
3.7 800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts.............................................................................. 3-27
3.8 PassPort Trunking Troubleshooting Chart .............................................................. 3-33
3.9 Keypad Troubleshooting Chart ................................................................................. 3-34
3.10 900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts.............................................................................. 3-35
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller (Sheet 1 of 2) ............................................................... 3-35
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller (Sheet 2 of 2) ............................................................... 3-36
Chapter 4 Schematic Diagrams, Overlays, and Parts Lists

4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Notes For All Schematics and Circuit Boards...................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Flex Layout .................................................................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4-1:Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex ............................................................... 4-2
4.2.1 Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Schematic ................................................................. 4-3
Figure 4-2:Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Schematic Diagram............................... 4-3
4.2.2 Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Parts List ................................................................... 4-3
4.2.3 Universal Flex Connector ................................................................................................... 4-4
Figure 4-3:Universal Flex Connector ................................................................................ 4-4
4.2.4 Universal Connector Flex Schematic................................................................................... 4-5
Figure 4-4:Universal Flex Connector Schematic Diagram................................................ 4-5
4.2.5 Universal Flex Connector Parts List .................................................................................... 4-5
4.2.6 Keypad Top and Bottom Overlays....................................................................................... 4-6
Figure 4-5:Keypad Top and Bottom Board Overlays ........................................................ 4-6
Figure 4-6:Keypad Board (5000 and 7000 Series) Schematic Diagram.......................... 4-7
Figure 4-7:9000 Series Keypad Top and Bottom Board Overlays................................... 4-9
Figure 4-8:9000 Series Keypad Board Schematic Diagram ........................................... 4-10
xi
Figure 4-9:VHF/UHF Complete Controller Schematic Diagram...................................... 4-13

Figure 4-10:VHF/UHF Controller ASFIC/ON_OFF Schematic Diagram ......................... 4-14
Figure 4-11: VHF/UHF Controller ASFIC/ON_OFF Schematic Diagram ........................ 4-15
Figure 4-12:VHF/UHF Controller Micro Processor Schematic Diagram ......................... 4-16
Figure 4-13:VHF/UHF Controller Micro Processor Schematic Diagram ......................... 4-17
Figure 4-14:Controller Memory Schematic Diagram....................................................... 4-18
Figure 4-15:Controller Audio Power Amplifier Schematic Diagram ................................ 4-19
Figure 4-16:Controller Interface Schematic Diagram...................................................... 4-20
Figure 4-17:UHF (403-470MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Top Side
PCB 8480450Z03............................................................................................................ 4-21
Figure 4-18:UHF (403-470MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Bottom Side
PCB 8480450Z03............................................................................................................ 4-22
PCB 8480450Z13............................................................................................................ 4-23
PCB 8480450Z13............................................................................................................ 4-24
Figure 4-21:UHF (403-470MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram ................ 4-25
Figure 4-22:UHF (403-470MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ..................... 4-26
Figure 4-23:UHF (403-470MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ..................... 4-27
Figure 4-24:UHF (403-470MHz) Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ................................. 4-28
Figure 4-25:UHF (403-470MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram ...... 4-29
Figure 4-26:UHF (403-470MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram.................................. 4-30
Figure 4-27:UHF (403-470MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB ...................... 4-39
Figure 4-28:UHF (403-470MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB................. 4-40
PCB 8485641Z02............................................................................................................ 4-51
PCB 8485641Z02............................................................................................................ 4-52
PCB 8485641Z06............................................................................................................ 4-53
PCB 8485641Z06............................................................................................................ 4-54
Figure 4-45:UHF (450-527MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB ...................... 4-69
Figure 4-46:UHF (450-527MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB................. 4-70
xii
Figure 4-53:UHF (450-527MHz) Voice Storage Schematic Diagram ............................. 4-77
Figure 4-54:VHF (136-174MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB 8486062B09..................... 4-83
Figure 4-55:VHF (136-174MHz) Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8486062B09................ 4-84
Figure 4-56:VHF (136-174MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram ............... 4-85
Figure 4-57:VHF (136-174MHz)Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ..................... 4-86
Figure 4-58:VHF (136-174MHz)Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ...................... 4-87
Figure 4-59:VHF (136-174MHz)Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ................................. 4-88
Figure 4-60:VHF (136-174MHz)Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram ....... 4-89
Figure 4-61:VHF (136-174MHz)Transmitter Schematic Diagram................................... 4-90
Figure 4-62:VHF (136-174MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Top Side
PCB 8486062B12 ........................................................................................................... 4-95
Figure 4-63:VHF (136-174MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Bottom Side
PCB 8486062B12 ........................................................................................................... 4-96
Figure 4-64:VHF (136-174MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Top Side
PCB 8486062B16 ........................................................................................................... 4-97
Figure 4-65:VHF (136-174MHz) 5000/7000 Series Main Board Bottom Side
PCB 8486062B16 ........................................................................................................... 4-98
Figure 4-66:VHF (136-174MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram ................ 4-99
Figure 4-67:VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ................... 4-100
Figure 4-68:VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ................... 4-101
Figure 4-69:VHF (136-174MHz) Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ............................... 4-102
Figure 4-70:VHF (136-174MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram .... 4-103
Figure 4-71:VHF (136-174MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram................................ 4-104
Figure 4-72:VHF (136-174MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Top Side PCB .................... 4-113
Figure 4-73:VHF (136-174MHz) 9000 Series Main Board Bottom Side PCB............... 4-114
Figure 4-74:VHF (136-174MHz) Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram .............. 4-115
Figure 4-75:VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ................... 4-116
Figure 4-76:VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ................... 4-117
Figure 4-77:VHF (136-174MHz) Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ............................... 4-118
Figure 4-78:VHF (136-174MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram .... 4-119
Figure 4-79:VHF (136-174MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram................................ 4-120
Figure 4-80:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB ...................... 4-125
Figure 4-81:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Main Board Bottom Side PCB ................. 4-126
Figure 4-82:Low Band (30-50MHz) Controls and Switches Diagram ........................... 4-127
Figure 4-83:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller Overall
Schematic Diagram....................................................................................................... 4-128
Figure 4-84:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller Memory
Figure 4-85:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller AFSIC
Figure 4-86:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller Microprocessor
Figure 4-87:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Controller Audio PA
Figure 4-88:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Receiver Front End
Figure 4-89:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Receiver Back End
xiii
Figure 4-90:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Frequency Generation

Unit Synthesizer ............................................................................................................ 4-135
Figure 4-91:Lowband (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Frequency Generation Unit
VCO Diagram................................................................................................................ 4-136
Figure 4-92:Lowband (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Transmitter Schematic Diagram ............... 4-137
Figure 4-93:800MHz (806-870MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB 84860641Z02 ........... 4-141
Figure 4-94:800MHz (806-870MHz) Main Board Bottom Side PCB 84860641Z02...... 4-142
Figure 4-95: 800MHz Popular/Preferred (806-870MHz) Main Board Top Side
PCB 8480641Z03 (Rev B) ............................................................................................ 4-143
Figure 4-96:800MHz Popular/Preferred (806-870MHz) Main Board Bottom Side
PCB 8480641Z03 (Rev B) ............................................................................................ 4-144
Figure 4-97:800MHz Complete Controller .................................................................... 4-145
Figure 4-98: 800MHz Controller ASFIC/ON_OFF......................................................... 4-146
Figure 4-99: 800MHz Controller Micro Processor......................................................... 4-147
Figure 4-100: 800MHz Controller Memory.................................................................... 4-148
Figure 4-101: 800MHz Controller Audio Power Amplifier ............................................. 4-149
Figure 4-102: 800MHz Controller Interface................................................................... 4-150
Figure 4-103:800MHz Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram .............................. 4-151
Figure 4-104:800MHz Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ................................... 4-152
Figure 4-105:800MHz Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ................................... 4-153
Figure 4-106:800MHz Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ............................................... 4-154
Figure 4-107:800MHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram .................... 4-155
Figure 4-108:800MHz Transmitter Schematic Diagram (Rev A) .................................. 4-156
Figure 4-109:800MHz Transmitter Schematic Diagram (Rev B) .................................. 4-157
Figure 4-110:PassPort Trunking Controller PCB Board Side 1 & 2 .............................. 4-161
Figure 4-111:PassPort Controller Schematic Diagram ................................................ 4-162
Figure 4-112:900MHz (896-941MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB 8485910Z01 ........... 4-163
Figure 4-113:900MHz (896-941MHz) Main Board Bottom Side PCB 8485910Z01...... 4-164
Figure 4-114:900MHz Complete Controller .................................................................. 4-165
Figure 4-115:900MHz Controller ASFIC/ON_OFF........................................................ 4-166
Figure 4-116:900MHz Controller Microprocessor ......................................................... 4-167
Figure 4-117:900MHz Controller Memory..................................................................... 4-168
Figure 4-118:900MHz Controller Audio Power Amplifier .............................................. 4-169
Figure 4-119:900MHz Controller Interface.................................................................... 4-170
Figure 4-120:900MHz Controls and Switches Schematic Diagram .............................. 4-171
Figure 4-121:900MHz Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram ................................... 4-172
Figure 4-122:900MHz Receiver Back End Schematic Diagram ................................... 4-173
Figure 4-123:900MHz Synthesizer Schematic Diagram ............................................... 4-174
Figure 4-124:900MHz Hear/Clear Schematic Diagram................................................. 4-175
Figure 4-125:900MHz Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram .................... 4-176
Figure 4-126:900MHz Transmitter Schematic Diagram................................................ 4-177
xiv
1-1
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Scope of Manual

This manual is intended for use by service technicians familiar with similar types of equipment. It
contains service information required for the equipment described and is current as of the printing
date. Changes that occur after the printing date are incorporated by a complete manual revision or
alternatively, as additions.
NOTE Before operating or testing these units, please read the Safety Information Section in the
front of this manual.
1.2 Warranty and Service Support

Motorola offers long term support for its products. This support includes full exchange and/or repair of
the product during the warranty period, and service/repair or spare parts support out of warranty. Any
“return for exchange” or “return for repair” by an authorized Motorola dealer must be accompanied by
a warranty claim form. Warranty claim forms are obtained by contacting customer service.
1.2.1 Warranty Period

The terms and conditions of warranty are defined fully in the Motorola dealer or distributor or reseller
contract. These conditions may change from time to time and the following notes are for guidance
purposes only.
1.2.2 Return Instructions

In instances where the product is covered under a “return for replacement” or “return for repair”
warranty, a check of the product should be performed prior to shipping the unit back to Motorola. This
is to ensure that the product has been correctly programmed or has not been subjected to damage
outside the terms of the warranty.
Prior to shipping any radio back to a Motorola warranty depot, please contact the appropriate
customer service for instructions. All returns must be accompanied by a warranty claim form,
available from your customer services representative. Products should be shipped back in the original
packaging, or correctly packaged to ensure no damage occurs in transit.
1.2.3 After Warranty Period

After the Warranty period, Motorola continues to support its products in two ways:
First, Motorola's Accessories and Aftermarket Division (ADD) offers a repair service to both end users
and dealers at competitive prices.
Second, Motorola’s service department supplies individual parts and modules that can be purchased
by dealers who are technically capable of performing fault analysis and repair.
1-2 Related Documents
1.3 Related Documents

The following documents are directly related to the use and maintainability of this product.
Table 1-1
Title Part Number
Professional Radio Portable Level 1&2 Basic

Service Manual- English 68P81088C45
Service Manual- Spanish 68P81088C47
Service Manual- Portuguese 68P81088C49
Professional Radio Portable Service Manual
Level 3 -English 68P81088C46
Level 3 -Spanish 68P81088C48
Level 3 -Portuguese 68P81088C50
1.4 Technical Support

Technical support is available to assist the dealer/distributor and self-maintained customers in
resolving any malfunction which may be encountered. Initial contact should be by telephone to
customer resources wherever possible. When contacting Motorola technical support, be prepared to
provide the product model number and the unit’s serial number. The contact locations and telephone
numbers are located in the Basic Service Manual listed under the Related Documents paragraph of
this chapter.
1.4.1 Piece Parts Availability

Some replacement parts, spare parts, and/or product information can be ordered directly. If a
complete Motorola part number is assigned to the part, and it is not identified as “Depot ONLY”, the
part is available from Motorola Accessories and Aftermarket Division (AAD). If no part number is
assigned, the part is not normally available from Motorola. If the part number is appended with an
asterisk, the part is serviceable by a Motorola depot only. If a parts list is not included, this generally
means that no user-serviceable parts are available for that kit or assembly.
Radio Model Chart and Specifications 1-3
Parts Order Entry To Order Parts in Latin America and the

7:00 A. M. to 7:00 P. M. (Central Standard Caribbean:
Time) 1-847-538-8023
Monday through Friday (Chicago, U. S. A.)
Motorola Parts
To Order Parts in the United States of Accessories and Aftermarket Division
America: (United States and Canada)
1-800-422-4210, or 847-538-8023 Attention: Order Processing
1-800-826-1913, or 410-712-6200 (U. S. 1313 E. Algonquian Road
Federal Government) Schaumburg, IL 60196
TELEX: 280127
FAX: 1-847-538-8198 Accessories and Aftermarket Division
FAX: 1-410-712-4991 (U. S. Federal Attention: Latin America and Caribbean
Government)
(U. S. A.) after hours or weekends: Order Processing
1-800-925-4357 1313 E. Algonquian Road
Schaumburg, IL 60196
Parts Identification
1-847-538-0021 (Voice)
1-847-538-8194 (FAX)
1.5 Radio Model Chart and Specifications

The radio model charts and specifications are located in the Basic Service Manual listed under the
Related Documents paragraph of this chapter.
1.6 Radio Model Information

The model number and serial number are located on a label attached to the back of your radio. You
can determine the RF output power, frequency band, protocols, and physical packages from these
numbers. The example below shows one portable radio model number and its specific characteristics
1-4 Radio Model Information
Table 1-2 Radio Model Number

Example: AAH25KC9AA2 and LAH25KDC9AA3
Type Model Freq. Power Physical Channel Feature Model Model

Protocol
of Unit Series Band Level Packages Spacing Level Revision Package
AA H 25 K C C 9 AA 2 A N
or VHF 2.5W No Display Program- Conventional 2F for AA
LA (136- mable 4F for LA
174MHz)
H = Portable
AA or LA = Motorola Internal Use
R D D 6 DU 3
UHF1 4-5W Keypad 25 kHz LTR 16F
(403-
470MHz)
S E H CK 5
UHF2 6W 1-Line Dis- MPT 256F
(450- play LTR for
527MHz) AA only
B N GB 6
Low Band, 4-Line Dis- Privacy Plus 128F
R1 (29.7- play 256F
42.0MHz) LTR
C GE 8
Low Band, Privacy Plus 160F
R2 (35.0- Roaming
50.0MHz)
U DP
800MHz PassPort
(806-824)
(851-
869MHz)
FC
Smart Zone
2-1
Chapter 2
Theory of Operation
2.1 Introduction
This chapter provides a detailed theory of operation for the radio components. Schematic diagrams
for the circuits described in the following paragraphs are located in Figures 4-1 through 4-120.
2.2 Radio Power Distribution

A block diagram of the DC power distribution throughout the radio board is shown in Figure 2-1. A
7.5V battery supplies the basic radio power (UNSWB) directly to the electronic on/off control, audio
power amplifier, 3.5V regulator, power amplifier automatic level control (ALC), and low battery detect
circuit. When the radio on/off/volume control is turned on, the switched SWB+ is applied to the various
radio power regulators, antenna switch, accessories 20-pin connector, keypad/option board, and
transmit LED. The Vdda signal from the 3.3V Vdda regulator supplies the microprocessor with
operating power. The Vdd regulator scheme is listed by band in Table 2-1. Data is then sent to the
controller ASFIC to turn on a DAC which takes over the momentary-on path within 12ms. The SWB+
signal supplies power until the radio is turned off. Jumpers for configuring the Vdda and Vddd
regulators are shown in Figure 2-1 and described in Table 2-2.
The radio turns off when either of the two following conditions occur:
• Radio on/off/volume control is turned off.
• Low battery condition is detected.
If a low battery level is detected by the microprocessor through either of the above conditions, the
radio personality data is stored to EEPROM prior to turning off.
Accessories
20 pin Connector
Keypad/Option Board
Prime Expansion Board

Audio Switching
Power Regulator
Int/Ext Vdd
Amplifier 4.0V/3.3V
Vdda Vdda
Regulator
UNSWB+
7.5V SWB+ Vddd Vdda
Battery Fuse Regulator
Tx MCU, ROM LCD FRACTN

Control ASFIC_CMP LVZIF
MECH. Led and EEPROM Driver VCOBIC
SWB+
3.5V On/Off
Reg. Switch
5V
Low Battery Regulator
LI Ion Detect
5V
RF, AMP, IF AMP
PA, Driver Antenna Ext. RX.
PCIC(ALC) Switch Buffer (NU)
Figure 2-1: DC Power Distribution Block Diagram

2-2
Table 2-1 VDD Regulator Scheme by Band
Vdd
Band Regulator
Scheme
Low Band Dual
VHF Dual
UHF Dual
800 MHz Dual
900 MHz Dual
Table 2-2 Radio Jumpers
Dual Vdd Single Vdd

Jumpers Regulator Regulator
Scheme Scheme
R401 Y Y
R402 N N
R403 N Y
R404 N N
R405 Y N
R = Regulator Jumper
2.3 Keypad
The keypad block diagram is shown in Figure 2-2. The comparator compares the voltage when any
one of the keypad row or keypad column keys is pressed. Pressing a key sends a message to the
microprocessor through the output (KEY_INT) line signifying that a key has been pressed. The
microprocessor then samples the analog to digital voltages at the keypad row and keypad column,
then makes a comparison with a map table to identify the key pressed. Once the key is identified, a
corresponding message is displayed.
The LED_EN is set by the codeplug. When the value is set to low, the LED lights up during power up.
A high codeplug setting disables this feature.
Data Keypad Column
Display 18 Pin 40 Pin Connector
Connector
Keypad
Row
Key_Int
Keypad
LED Comparator
Button
Figure 2-2: Keypad Block Diagram

2-3
2.4 Controller Board

The controller board is the central interface between the various radio functions. It is separated into
MCU digital and audio/signalling functions as shown in Figure 2-3.
External
Mod Out Microphone
To Synthesizer
Internal
Microphone
16.8 / 17.0 MHz
Reference Clock Audio/Signalling
from Synthesizer External
Speaker
Recovered Audio Audio Power
ASFIC
Squelch Amplifier/Filter
Internal
3.3V Speaker
Regulator
(Vdda)
SPI CLK
To RF Board SCI to Side
Connector
MCU Digital
Microcontroller
3.3V
Regulator EEPROM
(Vddd)
ROM RAM
Figure 2-3: Controller Block Diagram
2.4.1 MCU Digital

The digital portion of the controller consists of a microcontroller and associated EEPROM, RAM, and
ROM memories. Combinations of different size RAM and ROM are available to support various
application software. RAM supports 8KB and 32KB sizes. ROM supports 128KB, 256KB, and 512KB
sizes. Table 2-3 lists the ROM, RAM and EEPROM requirements for different radios.
Table 2-3 Radio Memory Requirements
EXT RAM EEPROM

PROTOCOL FEATURE LEVEL ROM (KB)
(KB) (KB)
AA,DU 2 or 3 128 - 8
AA,DU 6 128 - 16
CK, GB, GE, FC - 512 32 16
2-4
2.4.1 Real Time Clock

Radios with displays support a real time clock (RTC) module for purposes of message time stamping
and time keeping. The RTC module resides in the microcontroller. The clock uses a back-up lithium-
Ion battery for operating power when the primary battery is removed.
2.4.2 Circuit Description

The RTC module circuit, shown in Figure 2-4, is powered by the MODB/VSTBY pin and PI6/PI7 from
the crystal oscillator circuit. A clock frequency of 38.4kHz from a crystal oscillator provides the
reference signal which is divided down to 1Hz in the processor.
As the RTC module is powered separately from the processor Vdd, the RTC is kept active through the
MODB/VSTBY pin which provides the lithium battery back-up power when the radio is switched off.
A MOSFET transistor (Q416) switches in the battery supply when Vdd is removed. Q416 also
provides isolation from BOOT_CTRL function. The 3.3V regulator charges the Lithium battery.
UNSWB+
Vddd
U410
3.3V
2 3
VIN VOUT
1 VSS
C434
R461 C435 R460

HC11FL0
MODA CR411
1 5
MODB
Q416 4
R419
3 2 2 3
PI6
FL401 C436
OUT 1 LI_ION
R420 38.4kHz
GND R462
IN
R426
R463
PI7
BOOT_CTRL
C437
TP405
TEST_POINT
Figure 2-4: RTC Circuit
2.4.1 MODB/VSTBY Supply

The supply to the MODB/VSTBY pin varies depending on the conditions listed in Table 2-4.
Table 2-4 MODB/VSTBY Supply Modes
Condition Circuit Operation
Radio On Vddd supply voltage via CR411
Radio Off • Vddd turned off

• Q416 gate pulled low by R462
• Q416 switched on
• U410 supplies 3.2V to MODB_VSTBY
Primary battery removed • Vddd turned off

• Q416 gate pulled low by R462
• Q416 switched on
• Lithium battery provides 3.2V to MODB_VSTBY
2-5
2.4.1 Audio/Signaling
The audio/signalling/filter/companding IC (ASFIC) and the audio power amplifier (Figure 2-3) form the
main components of the audio/signalling section of the controller board. Inputs include a 16.8 MHz
clock from the synthesizer, recovered audio and squelch, MCU control signals, and external or
internal microphones. Outputs include a microprocessor clock (CLK), modulator output to the
synthesizer, and amplified audio signals to an internal or external speaker.
2.5 UHF Transmitter

The UHF transmitter consists of the following basic circuits as shown in Figure 2-5.
• Power amplifier (PA).
• Antenna switch/harmonic filter.
• Antenna matching network.
• Power control integrated circuit (PCIC).
PCIC
Antenna
Vcontrol Vcontrol Matching
Network
Power Amplifier (PA)
PA PA Final Antenna Switch/

From VCO Harmonic Filter
Driver Stage
Figure 2-5: UHF Transmitter Block Diagram
2.5.1 Power Amplifier (PA)

The PA consists of two LDMOS devices:
• 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC (U101)
• PRF1507 LDMOS PA (Q110)
The 9Z67 LDMOS driver (U101) provides 2-stage amplification using a supply voltage of 7.3V. The
amplifier is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (U101pins 6 & 7) with an input signal of
2mW(3dBm) at U101 (pin 16). The current drain is typically 160mA while operating in the frequency
range of 403-470MHz.
The LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 7W with an input signal of 0.3W. The
current drain is typically 1300mA while operating in the frequency range of 403-470MHz. The power
output can be varied by changing the bias voltage.
2-6
2.5.2 Antenna Switch

The antenna switch circuit consists of two pin diodes (CR101 and CR102), a pi network (C107, L104
and C106), and two current limiting resistors (R101 and R170). In the transmit mode, B+ at PCIC
(U102 pin 23) goes low turning on Q111, which applies a B+ bias to the antenna switch circuit to bias
the diodes “on”. The shunt diode (CR102) shorts out the receiver port and the pi network. This
operates as a quarter wave transmission line to transform the low impedance of the shunt diode to a
high impedance at the input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes are both off,
creating a low attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.
2.5.3 Harmonic Filter

The harmonic filter consists of components C104, L102, C103, L101 and C102. The harmonic filter
for UHF is a modified Zolotarev design optimized for efficiency of the power module. This type of filter
has the advantage that it can give a greater attenuation in the stop-band for a given ripple level. The
harmonic filter insertion loss is typically less than 1.2dB.
2.5.4 Antenna Matching Network

The antenna matching network, which is made up of L116, matches the antenna's impedance with the
harmonic filter to optimize the performance of the transmitter and receiver.
2.5.5 Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC)

The transmitter uses the PCIC (U102) to regulate the power output of the radio. To accomplish this,
the current to the final stage of the power module, supplied through R101, provides a voltage
proportional to the current drain. This voltage is then fed back to the automatic level control (ALC)
within the PCIC to regulate the output power of the transmitter.
The PCIC contains internal digital to analog converters (DACs) that provide a programmable control
loop reference voltage.
The PCIC internal resistors, integrators, and external capacitors (C133, C134 and C135) control the
transmitter rise and fall times to reduce the power splatter into adjacent channels.
2.5.6 Temperature Cut Back Circuit

Diode CR105 and associated components are part of a temperature cutback circuit. This circuit
senses the printed circuit board temperature around the transmitter circuits and outputs a DC voltage
to the PCIC. If the DC voltage produced exceeds the set threshold of the PCIC, the transmitter output
power decreases to reduce the transmitter temperature.
2.6 UHF Receiver

The UHF receiver consists of a front end, back end, and automatic gain control circuits. A block
diagram of the receiver is shown in Figure 2-6. Detailed descriptions of these stages are contained in
the paragraphs that follow.
2-7
Antenna
Pin Diode
Antenna Varactor RF Varactor Crystal IF
RFJack Switch Tuned Filter Amp Tuned Filter Mixer Filter Amp
AGC
AGC
Processing
Control Voltage First LO
from ASFIC from FGU
Recovered Audio
Demodulator
Squelch
RSSI Synthesizer
IF IC
16.8 MHz
Reference Clock
SPI Bus Second
LO VCO
Figure 2-6: UHF Receiver Block Diagram
2.6.1 Receiver Front-End

The RF signal received by the antenna is applied to a low-pass filter. For UHF, the filter consists of
components L101, L102, C102, C103, and C104. The filtered RF signal is passed through the
antenna switch circuit consisting of two pin diodes (CR101 and CR102) and a pi network (C106,
L104, and C107). The signal is then applied to a varactor tuned filter bandpass.
The UHF bandpass filter consists of components L301, L302, C302, C303, C304, CR301, and
CR302. The filter is electronically tuned by DACRx from the ASFIC (U404) which supplies a control
voltage to the varactor diodes (CR301 and CR302) in the filter as determined by the microprocessor
depending on the carrier frequency. Wideband operation of the filter is achieved by shifting the
bandpass filter across the band.
The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q301 via C307. After being
amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF signal is further filtered by a second varactor tuned bandpass
filter, consisting of L306, L307, C313, C317, CR304, and CR305.
Both the pre and post-RF amplifier varactor tuned filters have similar responses. The 3 dB bandwidth
of the filter is approximately 50 MHz. This enables the filters to be electronically controlled by using a
single control voltage from DACRx.
The output of the post-RF amplifier filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer consisting
of components T301, T302, and CR306. Matching of the filter to the mixer is provided by C381. After
mixing with the first local oscillator (LO) signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using low
side injection, the RF signal is down-converted to a 45.1 MHz IF signal.
2-8
The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (FL301) through a resistor pad
and a diplexer (C322 and L310). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is provided by C324 and
L311. The crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity and intermodulation protection.
2.6.2 Receiver Back-End

The output of crystal filter FL301 is coupled via R351 and C325 to the input of IF amplifier transistor
Q302. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken from the receiver 5 volts (R5). The IF amplifier
provides a gain of about 7dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U301(pin 3) via C330, C338
and L330 which provides a high-pass T-match for the IF amplifier and U301.
The IF signal applied to U301 (pin 3) is amplified, down-converted, filtered, and demodulated, to
produce recovered audio at U301(pin 27). This IF IC (U301) is electronically programmable, and the
amount of filtering, which is dependent on the radio channel spacing, is controlled by the
microprocessor. Additional filtering, once externally provided by the conventional ceramic filters, is
replaced by internal filters in IF IC (U301).
The IF IC uses a type of direct conversion process, whereby the externally generated second LO
frequency is divided by two in U301 so that it is very close to the first IF frequency. The IF IC
synthesizes the second LO and phase-locks the VCO to track the first IF frequency. The second LO is
designed to oscillate at twice the first IF frequency because of the divide-by-two function in the IF IC.
In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO searches for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to
twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO locks onto the IF signal. The second
LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q320. The VCO has a varactor diode, CR310,
to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter consisting
of components C362, C363, C364, R320, and R321.
The IF IC also performs several other functions. It provides a received signal-strength indicator
(RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI is a dc voltage monitored by the microprocessor, and used as
a peak indicator during the bench tuning of the receiver front-end varactor filter. The RSSI voltage is
also used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit at the front-end.
The demodulated signal on U301(pin 27) is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to
U404 (ASFIC) where squelch signal shaping and detection takes place. The demodulated audio
signal is also routed to U404 for processing before being supplied to the audio amplifier.
2.6.3 Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

The front end automatic gain control circuit provides automatic reduction of gain for the front end RF
amplifier via feedback. This prevents overloading of backend circuits by drawing some of the output
power from the RF amplifier output. At high radio frequencies, capacitor C331 provides a low
impedance path to ground for this purpose. CR308 is a pin diode used for switching the path on or off.
A certain amount of forward biasing current is needed to turn the pin diode on. Transistor Q315
provides this current where, upon saturation, current will flow via R347, PIN Diode, collector and
emitter of Q315 and R319 before going to ground. Q315 is an NPN transistor used for switching here.
Maximum current flowing through the PIN is mainly limited by the resistor R319.
The Radio Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI, a voltage signal, is used to drive Q315 into saturation,
hence turning it on. RSSI is produced by U301 and is proportional to the gain of the amplifier and the
input RF signal power to the radio.
The resistor network at the input to the base of the Q315 is scaled to turn on Q315, hence activating
the AGC at certain RSSI levels. In order to turn on Q315, the voltage across the transistors base to
ground must be greater or equal to the voltage across R319, plus the base-emitter voltage (Vbe)
present at Q315. The resistor network with thermistor RT300 is capable of providing temperature
compensation to the AGC circuit, as RSSI generated by U301 is lower at cold temperatures
2-9
compared to normal operation at room temperature. Resistor R300 and Capacitor C397 form an R-C
network used to dampen any transient instability while the AGC is turning on.
2.6.4 Frequency Generation Circuit

The frequency generation circuit, shown in Figure 2-7, is composed of Fractional-N synthesizer U201
and VCO/Buffer IC U241. Designed in conjunction to maximize compatibility, the two ICs provide
many of the functions that normally require additional circuitry. The synthesizer block diagram
illustrates the interconnect and support circuitry used in the region. Refer to the schematic to locate
reference designators.
The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V, which are provided by ICs U247 and U248
respectively. The 5V signal goes to U201(pins 13 and 30) while the 3.3V signal goes to U201(pins 5,
20, 34 and 36). The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered (4.5V) signal to power U241.
In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer also interfaces with the logic and ASFIC circuits. Programming
for the synthesizer is accomplished through the microprocessor data, clock, and chip select lines
U409 (pins 7, 8 and 9) respectively. A 3.3V dc signal from U201(pin 4) indicates to the microprocessor
that the synthesizer is locked.
Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to U201 (pin 10). Internally the audio is digitized by
the Fractional-N and applied to the loop divider to provide the low-port modulation. The audio runs
through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going to the VCO (U241 pin
41).
Voltage
Multiplier Rx
VCP
Dual TRB Out Matching Low Pass
Transistor To Mixer
Network Filter
Vmult1
Aux3 Rx VCO
Aux4 Circuit VCOBIC
Vmult2 Synthesizer U241
U201 Loop Tx
Filter Out
16.8 MHz Attenuator To PA Driver
MOD Out
Ref. Osc. Tx VCO
Modulating Circuit
Signal
Figure 2-7: UHF Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram
2.7 Synthesizer
The Fractional-N synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-8, uses a 16.8MHz crystal (FL201) to provide a
reference for the system. The LVFractN IC (U201) further divides this to 2.1MHz, 2.225MHz, and
2.4MHz for use as reference frequencies. Together with C206, C207, C208, R204 and CR203, they
build up the reference oscillator which is capable of 2.5ppm stability over temperatures of -30 to 85°C.
It also provides 16.8MHz at U201 (pin 19) for use by the ASFIC and LVZIF.
The loop filter consists of components C231, C232, C233, R231, R232, and R233. This filter provides
the necessary dc steering voltage for the VCO and determines the amount of noise and spurs passing
through.
2-10
To achieve fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at
U201 (pin 45) to put the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked by
normal mode charge pump at U201 (pin 47).
Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive voltage multiplier made
up of C258, C259, C228, triple diode CR201, and level shifters U210 and U211. Two 3.3V square
waves, 180 degrees out of phase, are first shifted to 5V, then along with regulated 5V, put through
arrays of diodes and capacitors to build up 13.3V at U201 (pin 47).
7 4
DATA (U409 Pin 100) DATA LOCK LOCK (U409 Pin 56)
8 19
CLOCK (U409 Pin 1) CLK FREFOUT FREF (U201 Pin 21 & U404 Pin 34)
9 6,22,23,24
CSX (U409 Pin 2) CEX GND
10 43
MOD IN (U404 Pin 40) MODIN IOUT 2-Pole Steering
13,30 45 Loop Filter Line
+5V (U247 Pin 4) VCC , DC5V IADAPT
U201 LO RF
5,20,34,36 41 Injection
(U248 Pin 5) VDD , 3.3V Low Voltage MODOUT
23 Fractional-N 3
Reference XTAL1 AUX4 Dual
Synthesizer
Oscillator 24 2 Transistors Voltage
XTAL2 AUX3
Controlled
25 28 Filtered 5V Oscillator
WARP SFOUT
32 40
PREIN BIAS1
47 39 TX RF
VCP BIAS2
Injection
VMULT2 VMULT1 AUX1 (First Stage of PA)
14 15 48
Voltage Dual
Multiplier R405
5V Transistors
Prescaler In
Figure 2-8: UHF Synthesizer Block Diagram
2.8 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)

The VCOB IC (U241), shown in Figure 2-9, in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201)
generates RF in both the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U241 pin 19)
determines which oscillator and buffer are enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled
oscillator is routed from U241 (pin 12), through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U201 pin 32).
After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant DC control voltage is received at the VCO.
When the PLL is locked on frequency, this voltage can vary between 3.5V and 9.5V.
The VCOB IC is operated at 4.54V (VSF) and Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) at 3.3V. This difference
in operating voltage requires a level shifter consisting of Q260 and Q261 on the TRB line. The level
shifter logic is shown in Table 2-5.
In the receive mode, U241 (pin 19) is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling
the receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U241. The RF signal at U241 (pin 8) is run through a
matching network. The resulting LO RF INJECTION signal is applied to the mixer at T302.
When PTT is pressed during the transmit condition, five volts is applied to U241 (pin 19). This
activates the transmit VCO by enabling the U241 transmit oscillator and buffer. The TX RF
INJECTION signal at U241 (pin 10) is injected into the input of the PA module (U101 pin 16). Also in
2-11
transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency modulated onto the carrier is received through U201
(pin 41).
When a high impedance is applied to U241 (pin 19), the VCO operates in BATTERY SAVER mode. In
this mode, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler
buffer are turned off.
5V
Level Shifter AUX3 (U201 Pin 2)

Network AUX4 (U201 Pin 3)
TRB_IN
Pin 20 Pin 19
Pin 7
Rx-SW
TX/RX/BS
Pin 13 Switching Network
Tx-SW
Pin 12 Prescaler Out

Presc U201 Pin 32
(U201 Pin 28) Pin 3 Vcc-Superfilter
U241
Steer Line
VCOBIC
Voltage LO RF INJECTION
Pin 4 Collector/RF in
(VCTRL) Pin 8 Matching Low Pass
RX
Pin 5 RX Network Filter
Rx Active
RX RX VCO Bias Pin 14
Tank Circuit Pin 6 (U201 Pin 28)
VCC Buffers
Pin 16 TX Tx Active Pin 10
Bias TX TX RF Injection
TX TX VCO
Tank Circuit Pin 15
Attenuator
Vsens
Circuit
Pin 18 Pin 2 Pin 1 Pins 9,11,17
Vcc-Logic Rx-I adjust Tx-I adjust
(U201 Pin 28)
Figure 2-9: UHF VCO Block Diagram
Table 2-5 Level Shifter Logic
Desired Mode AUX 4 AUX 3 TRB
Tx Low High (@3.2V) High (@4.8V)
Rx High Low Low
Battery Saver Low Low Hi-Z/Float (@2.5V)

2-12
2.9 VHF Transmitter

The VHF transmitter consists of the following basic circuits as shown in Figure 2-10.
• Power amplifier
• Antenna switch/harmonic filter
• Antenna matching network
• Power control integrated circuit (PCIC)
PCIC
Antenna
Vcontrol Vcontrol Matching
Network

Driver Stage
Figure 2-10: VHF Transmitter Block Diagram
2.9.1 Power Amplifier

The power amplifier consists of two devices:
• 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC (U3501)
• PRF1507 LDMOS PA (Q3501)
The 9Z67 LDMOS driver IC contains a 2-stage amplifier using a supply voltage of 7.3V.
This RF power amplifier is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pin 6 and 7) with an input
signal of 2mW (3dBm) (pin16). The current drain is typically around 130mA while operating in the
frequency range of 136-174MHz.
The PRF1507 LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 7W with an input signal of 0.3W.
The current drain is typically around 1800mA while operating in the frequency range of 136-174MHz.
The power output is varied by changing the bias voltage.

The antenna switch circuit consists of two pin diodes (D3521 and D3551), a pi network (C3531,
L3551, and C3550), and two current limiting resistors (R3572 and R3573). In the transmit mode, B+
at PCIC (U3502), pin 23 goes low to turn on Q3561 applying a B+ bias to the antenna switch circuit to
bias the diodes “on”. The shunt diode (D3551) shorts out the receiver port, and the pi network, which
operates as a quarter wave transmission line, transforms the low impedance of the shunt diode to a
high impedance at the input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes are both off,
creating a low attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.
2-13

The harmonic filter consists of components C3532 to C3536, L3531, and L3532. This network forms a
low-pass filter to attenuate harmonic energy of the transmitter to specifications level. The harmonic
filter insertion loss is typically less than 1.2dB.
2.9.4 Antenna Matching Network

A matching network, made up of L3538 and C3537, is used to match the antenna impedance to the
harmonic filter. This optimizes the performance of the transmitter and receiver into an antenna.

The transmitter uses PCIC, U3502 to control the power output of the radio by maintaining the radio
current drain. The current to the final stage of the power module is supplied through R3519 (0.1
ohms), which provides a voltage proportional to the current drain. The voltage is then fed back to the
automatic level control (ALC) within the PCIC to provide loop stability.
The PCIC also contains internal digital-to-analog converters (DACs) that provide the reference
voltage for the control loop. The voltage level is controlled by the microprocessor through the data line
of the PCIC.
The resistors and integrators within the PCIC, and external capacitors (C3562, C3563, and C3565)
control the transmitter rise and fall times. These are necessary to reduce the power splatter into
adjacent channels.
U3503 and its associated components act as a temperature cut back circuit. This provides the
necessary voltage to the PCIC to cut the transmitter power if the radio temperature gets too high.
2.10 VHF Receiver

The VHF receiver consists of a front end, back end, and automatic gain control circuits. A block
diagram of the VHF receiver is shown in Figure 2-11. Detailed descriptions of these features are
contained in the paragraphs that follow.
2-14
Antenna
Pin Diode
Antenna Varactor RF Varactor Crystal
RFJack Switch Tuned Filter Amp Tuned Filter Mixer Filter
AGC
Control Voltage First LO

from ASFIC from FGU
Recovered Audio
Demodulator
Squelch
RSSI Synthesizer
IF IC
16.8 MHz
Reference Clock
SPI Bus Second
LO VCO
Figure 2-11: VHF Receiver Block Diagram

The RF signal is received by the antenna and applied to a low-pass filter consisting of L3531, L3532,
C3532 to C3563. The filtered RF signal is passed through the antenna switch. The antenna switch
circuit consists of two pin diodes (D3521 and D3551) and a pi network (C3531, L3551, and C3550).
The RF signal is then applied to a varactor tuned bandpass filter which consists of L3301, L3303,
C3301 to C3304, and D3301. The filter is tuned by applying a control voltage to the varactor diode
(D3301) in the filter.
The bandpass filter is electronically tuned by the DACRx from IC 404 which is controlled by the
microprocessor. Depending on the carrier frequency, the DACRx supplies the tuning voltage to the
varactor diodes in the filter. Wideband operation of the filter is achieved by shifting the bandpass filter
across the band.
The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q3302 via C3306. After
being amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF signal is further filtered by a second varactor tuned
bandpass filter, consisting of L3305, L3306, C3311 to C3314, and D3302.
Both the pre and post-RF amplifier varactor tuned filters have similar responses. The 3dB bandwidth
of the filter is about 12MHz. This enables the filters to be electronically controlled by using a single
control voltage which is DACRx.
The output of the post-RF amplifier filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer which
consists of T3301, T3302, and CR3301. Matching of the filter to the mixer is provided by C3317,
C3318, and L3308. After mixing with the first LO signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)
using high side injection, the RF signal is down-converted to the 45.1MHz IF signal.
2-15
The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (Y3200) through a resistor pad
(R3321 - R3323) and a diplexer (C3320 and L3309). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is
provided by C3200 and L3200. The crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity and
intermodulation protection.

The output of crystal filter Y3200 is coupled to the input of IF amplifier transistor Q3200 by capacitor
C3203. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken from the receiver 5 volts (R5). The controlled gain IF
amplifier provides a maximum gain of about 10dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U3220,
pin 3 via L3202, C3207, and C3230 which provides impedance matching for the IF amplifier and
U3220.
The IF signal applied to U3220, pin 3 is amplified, down-converted, filtered, then demodulated to
produce the recovered audio at U3220, pin 27. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the
replaced by internal filters in the IF IC (U3220).
frequency is divided by two in U3220 so that it is very close to the first IF frequency. The IF IC (U3220)
LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q3270. The VCO has a varactor diode (D3270)
of C3278 to C3280, R3274, and R3275.
The IF IC (U3220) also provides a received signal-strength indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output.
The RSSI is a dc voltage monitored by the microprocessor and is used as a peak indicator during the
bench tuning of the receiver front-end varactor filter. The RSSI voltage is also used to control the
automatic gain control (AGC) circuit in the front-end.
The demodulated signal on U3220, pin 27 is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to
signal is also routed to U404 for processing before going to the audio amplifier for amplification.

The front end automatic gain control circuit provides automatic reduction of gain of the front end RF
amplifier via feedback. This prevents overloading of backend circuits and is achieved by drawing
some of the output power from the RF amplifier output. At high radio frequencies, capacitor C3327
provides the low impedance path to ground for this purpose. Pin diode CR3302 switches the path on
or off. A certain amount of forward biasing current is needed to turn the pin diode on. Transistor
Q3301 provides this current.
Radio signal strength indicator, RSSI, a voltage signal, drives Q3301 to saturation i.e. turned on.
RSSI is produced by U3220 and is proportional to the gain of the RF amplifier and the input power to
the radio.
Resistors R3304 and R3305 make up a voltage divider designed to turn on Q3301 at certain RSSI
levels. To turn on Q3301, the voltage across R3305 must be greater or equal to the voltage across
R3324 plus the emitter-base voltage (Vbe) present at Q3301. Capacitor C3209 dampens any
instability while the AGC is turning on. The current flowing into the collector of Q3301, a high current
gain NPN transistor, is drawn through the pin diode to turn it on. Maximum current flowing through the
2-16
pin is limited by resistors R3316, R3313, R3306, and R3324. Feedback capacitor C3326 provides
some stability to this high gain stage.
An additional gain control circuit is formed by Q3201 and associated components. Resistors R3206
and R3207 are voltage dividers designed to turn on Q3201 at a significantly higher RSSI level than
the level required to turn on pin diode control transistor Q3301. In order to turn on Q3201, the voltage
across R3207 must be greater or equal to the voltage across R3208 plus the emitter-base voltage
(Vbe) present at Q3201. As current starts flowing into the collector of Q3201, it reduces the bias
voltage at the base of IF amplifier transistor Q3200 and in turn, the gain of the IF amplifier. The gain is
then controlled in a range of -30dB to +10dB.

The frequency generation circuit, shown in Figure 2-12, is composed of two main ICs, the FRACN
synthesizer (U3701), and the VCO/Buffer IC (U3801). Designed in conjunction to maximize
compatibility, the two ICs provide many of the functions that normally would require additional circuits.
The synthesizer block diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuit used in the region.
Refer to the schematic for the reference designator.
Voltage
Multiplier Dual TRB
VCP Rx Out
Transistor To Mixer
Vmult1
Aux3 Rx VCO
Circuit VCOBIC
U3701 Loop
Filter Tx Out
16.8 MHz To PA Driver
Ref. Osc. Tx VCO
MOD Out
Modulating Circuit
Signal
Figure 2-12: VHF Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram
The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V which is provided from ICs U3711 and U3201
respectively. The 5V signal is supplied to pins 13 and 30 and the 3.3V signal is applied to pins 5, 20,
34 and 36 of U3701. The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered (4.5V) which powers U3801.
In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer must interface with the logic and ASFIC circuitry.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines (pins
7, 8 and 9) from the microprocessor, U409. A 3.3V dc signal from the synthesizer lock detect line (pin
4) indicates to the microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked.
Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to U3701, pin 10. Internally the audio is digitized by
the FRACN and applied to the loop divider to provide low-port modulation. The audio runs through an
internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out at pin 41 to the VCO.
2.11 Synthesizer
The FRACN Synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-13, uses a 16.8MHz crystal (Y3761) to provide a
reference for the system. The LVFRACTN IC (U3701) further divides this to 2.1MHz, 2.225MHz, and
2.4MHz as reference frequencies. Together with C3761, C3762, C3763, R3761, and D3761, they
build up the reference oscillator that is capable of 2.5 ppm stability over a temperature range of -30 to
85°C. A 16.8MHz signal at U3701, pin 19 is also provided for use by ASFIC and LVZIF.
2-17
The loop filter, which consist of C3721, C3722, R3721, R3722, and R3723, provides the necessary dc
steering voltage for the VCO and determines the amount of noise and spur passing through.
In achieving fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at
U3701, pin 45 to put the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked by
normal mode charge pump at pin 43.
up of C3701 to C3704 and triple diodes D3701 and D3702. Two 3.3V square waves (180 degrees out
of phase) are first multiplied by four and then shifted, along with regulated 5V, to build up 13.5V at
U3701, pin 47.
7 4
8 19
9 6,22,23,24
10 43
5,20,34,36 U3701 41 LO RF
(U3201 Pin 5) VDD , 3.3V Low Voltage MODOUT Injection
23 Fractional-N 3
Reference XTAL1 AUX4
Synthesizer
Oscillator 24 2 Voltage
XTAL2 AUX3
Controlled
25 28 Filtered 5V
WARP SFOUT Oscillator
32 40
PREIN BIAS1
47 39 TX RF
VCP BIAS2
VMULT2 VMULT1 AUX1 Injection
(First Stage of PA)
14 15 48
Voltage Dual
Multiplier R405
5V Transistors
Prescaler In
Figure 2-13: VHF Synthesizer Block Diagram
2.12 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)

The VCOB IC (U3801), shown in Figure 2-14, in conjunction with the FRACTN synthesizer (U3701)
generates RF in both the receive and transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U3801, pin 19)
determines which oscillator and buffer are enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled
oscillator is routed from U3801, pin 12, through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U3701, pin
32). After frequency comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant control voltage is received at the VCO.
This voltage is a DC voltage typically between 3.5V and 9.5V when the PLL is locked on frequency.
The RF section of the VCOB IC (U3801) is operated at 4.54 V (VSF), while the control section of the
VCOBIC and FRACN synthesizer (U3701) is operated at 3.3V. The operation logic is shown in Table
2-6.
In the receive mode, U3801, pin 19 is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling
the receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U3801. The RF signal at U3801, pin 8 is routed through
a matching network. The resulting LO RF INJECTION signal is applied to the mixer at T3302.
2-18
During the transmit condition, when PTT is pressed, 3.2 volts is applied to U3801, pin 19. This
activates the transmit VCO by enabling the transmit oscillator and the transmit buffer of U3801. The
RF signal at U3801, pin 10 is injected into the input of the PA module (U3501, pin16). This RF signal
is the TX RF INJECTION. Also in transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency modulated onto the
carrier is received through U3701, pin 41.
When a high impedance is applied to U3801, pin19, the VCO is operating in battery saver mode. In
this case, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler buffer
are turned off.
AUX3 (U3701 Pin 2)
TRB_IN
Pin 20 Pin 19
Pin 7
Rx-SW
TX/RX/BS
Tx-SW

Presc U3701 Pin 32
U3801
Steer Line
VCOBIC
(VCTRL) Pin 8 Matching Low Pass
RX
Pin 5 RX Network Filter
Rx Active
RX RX VCO Bias Pin 14
VCC Buffers
TX TX VCO
Tank Circuit Pin 15
Attenuator
Vsens
Circuit
(U3701 Pin 28)
Figure 2-14: VHF VCO Block Diagram
Table 2-6 VCO Control Logic
Tx Not Used High (@3.2V) High (@3.2V)

Rx Not Used Low Low
Battery Saver Not Used Hi-Z/Float Hi-Z/Float (@1.6V)

(@1.6V)
2-19
2.13 Low Band Transmitter

The low band transmitter consists of the following basic circuits as shown in Figure 2-15.
• Power amplifier (PA).
• Antenna switch/harmonic filter.
• Antenna matching network.
• Power control integrated circuit (PCIC).
Antenna Switch Bias

SPI Bus
PCIC
Antenna
Vcontrol Gate Bias Matching
Network

Driver Stage
Figure 2-15: Low Band Transmitter Block Diagram
2.13.1 Power Amplifier (PA)

The PA consists of two LDMOS devices:
• PA driver, U101.
• PA final stage, Q100.
The LDMOS driver (U101) provides 2-stage amplification using a supply voltage of 7.3V. The
amplifier is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pins 6 and 7) with an input signal of 2mW
at (pin16). The current drain is typically 120mA while operating in the frequency range of 29.7 - 50
MHz. The power output of this stage is varied by the power control loop which controls the voltage on
pin 1.
The LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 8W with an input signal of 0.3W. The
current drain is typically 2000 mA while operating in the frequency range of 29.7 - 50 MHz. The final
stage gate is bias by a voltage from PCIC, pin 24. This voltage is the output of a programmable DAC
inside the PCIC and the output is adjustable with the radio tuner.

The antenna switch circuit consists of two pin diodes (D100 and D101), a RF network (C147 and
L103), and a DC feed network (L104, C144, and current limiting resistor R101). In the transmit mode,
PCIC (U102) pin 32 goes high supplying current via the feed network to bias the diodes “on”. The
shunt diode (D101) shorts out the receiver port and L103 is connected from the RF path to ground.
L103 and the input capacitance of the lowpass filter form a parallel resonant circuit, effectively
disconnecting the receiver port from the antenna while not loading the transmit path. In the receive
mode, pin 32 goes low and the diodes are off. D100 looks like a high impedance effectively
2-20
disconnecting the transmitter from the antenna while L103 and C147 form a series resonant circuit
effectively connect the receiver to the antenna.

The harmonic filter consists of components C103, C106, C103, C107,C110, C111, C114, C115 and
inductors L100, L101, and L102 which are a part of the SH100 assembly. The harmonic filter for
lowband is pole zero design. This feature gives greater attenuation in low frequencies where the
harmonic energy of the transmitter is the greatest and less attenuation in high frequencies where
there is less harmonic energy. The harmonic filter insertion loss is typically less than 0.8 dB.
2.13.4 Antenna Matching Transformer

The antenna matching transformer (T100) matches the antenna impedance with the harmonic filter to
optimize the performance of the transmitter and receiver.

The transmitter uses the PCIC (U102) to regulate the power output of the radio. To accomplish this,
the voltage across R102 is sensed. This voltage drop is directly proportional to the current drawn in
the final stage of the transmitter. This voltage is compared to a programmable reference inside the
PCIC and the voltage on PCIC pin 4 adjusted. Pin 4 connects to the PA driver IC (U101) pin 1 via
resistor R100 and varies RF output power of the driver. This controls the current drain of the final
stage and sets the output power.
2.13.6 Temperature Cut Back Circuit

Temperature sensor VR101 and associated components are part of a temperature cut back circuit.
This circuit senses the printed circuit board temperature around the transmitter circuits and outputs a
DC voltage to the PCIC. If the DC voltage produced exceeds the set threshold of the PCIC, the
transmitter output power decreases to reduce the transmitter temperature.
2.13.7 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection Circuit

The LDMOS PA device (Q100) is very sensitive to static discharge. To protect the device from ESD, a
protection circuit consisting of single high-speed Schottky Diode (D104) is connected from the
Antenna Nut (J102) to ground. This diode effectively shorts ESD energy to ground, but looks like an
open circuit to normal RF energy. The diode turns on when the voltage at the antenna nut exceeds
150V.
2.14 Low Band Receiver

The low band receiver consists of a front end, back end, and automatic gain control circuits. A block
diagram of the receiver is shown in Figure 2-16. Detailed descriptions of these stages are contained
in the paragraphs that follow.
2-21
Antenna
Lowpass Antenna Highpass RF Lowpass Crystal IF
RFJack Filter Switch Filter Amp Filter Mixer Filter Amp
AGC
First LO Processing
from FGU
Recovered Audio
Demodulator
Squelch
IF IC U303
RSSI Synthesizer
17.0 MHz
Reference Clock
SPI Bus Second
LO VCO
Figure 2-16: Low Band Receiver Block Diagram

The RF signal received by the antenna is routed through the transmitter lowpass filter and antenna
switch. These circuits are described in the transmitter section.The signal next passes through a
highpass filter consisting of L501, L502, C538, C533 and C504. This filter serves to reject below band
signals and has a 3 dB corner frequency of 27 MHz.
The output of the highpass filter is connected to an RF amp consisting of Q509 and associated
biasing components. This is a BJT amplifier powered off 5 volts and has 13 dB of gain. The amplifier
drives a lowpass filter consisting of L503, L504 L507, C534, C535, C536, C537 and C515. This filter
is a pole zero design that filters off harmonic components from the RF amp. The 3 dB corner of this
filter is at 56 MHz.
The output of the lowpass filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer consisting of
components T501, T502, and D501. After mixing with the first local oscillator up-converted to a
109.65 MHz IF signal.
(R507, R508 and R509) and a diplexer (C516 and L508). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is
provided by L301, L302, C301 and C302. The 3 pole crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity
and intermodulation protection.
2-22

The output of crystal filter FL301 is connected to the input of IF amplifier transistor U301. Components
L303 and C348 and R301 form the termination for the crystal filter and the signal is coupled to one
gate of U301 by C303. The IF amplifier is a dual gate MOSFET powered off of the 5 volt supply. The
first gate receives the IF signal as indicated previously. The second gate receives a DC voltage from
U302 which serves as an AGC control signal. This signal reduces the gain of the IF amplifier to
prevent overload of the IF IC, U303. The gain can be varied from a maximum of 13 dB to an
attenuation of 55 dB. The output IF signal from U301 is coupled into U303 (pin 3) via C306, R304 and
L304 which provides matching for the IF amplifier and U303.
The IF signal applied to pin 3 of U303 is amplified, down-converted, filtered, and demodulated, to
produce recovered audio at pin 27 of U303. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the
replaced by internal filters in IF IC U303.
LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q301. The VCO has a varactor diode, CR301,
of components C308, C309, and R310.
The IF IC (U303) also performs several other functions. It provides a received signal-strength
indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI voltage is also used to control the automatic gain
control (AGC) circuit at the back end.
The demodulated signal on pin 27 of U303 is also used for squelch control. The signal is routed to

The automatic gain control circuit provides automatic reduction of gain to prevent overloading of
backend circuits. This is achieved by lowering the voltage on one gate of U301 which will reduce the
drain current in that part and lower its gain.
The Radio Signal Strength Indicator (RSS I) voltage signal for the IF IC (U303) is used to drive the
AGC processing circuitry consisting of R306, R307, R308, R309 C307 and U302. As the received
signal gets stronger, the RSSI line will rise. When the RSSI line passes a certain threshold, the
voltage at the output of U302 will begin to drop. This voltage is connected to one gate of IF amplifier
U301 through resistor R305. As this voltage decreases, it will lower the drain current in U301 and
reduce the gain of the stage. This will limit the power incident on the IF IC, U303.

The frequency generation circuit, shown in Figure 2-17, is composed of Low Voltage Fractional-N
synthesizer U205 and discrete RX VCO, TX VCO.and buffers as well other supporting circuitry. The
synthesizer block diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuitry used in the region. Refer
to the schematic for the reference designators.
The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V. The 5 volt signal to the synthesizer as well as
the rest of the radio is provided by U204. The 3.3 v signal is provided by U200 in the controller. The
2-23
5V signal goes to pins 13 and 30 while the 3.3V signal goes to pins 5, 20, 34 and 36 of U201. The
synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered 4.3V which powers the VCOs and buffers.
In addition to the VCO, the synthesizer also interfaces with the logic and ASFIC circuitry.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines (pins
7, 8 and 9) from the microprocessor, U409. A 3.3V dc signal from pin 4 indicates to the
microprocessor that the synthesizer is locked.
Transmit modulation from the ASFIC is supplied to pin10 of U205. Internally the audio is digitized by
through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out at pin 41 to the
VCO.
Voltage VCP
VSF
Multiplier Switching
Network
Vmult2
Aux2
Rx VCO
Aux3 Circuit
Vmult1 Synthesizer To Mixer
U205 Loop
Filter
17.0 MHz MOD Out Buffer To PA Driver
Ref. Osc. Tx VCO
Prescaler Input Circuit
Amplifier
Modulating
Signal
Figure 2-17: Low Band Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram
2.15 Synthesizer
The Fractional-N synthesizer, shown in Figure 2-18, uses a 17.0 MHz crystal (Y201) to provide a
reference for the system. Along with being used in the LVFracN, the 17.0 MHz signal is provided at
pin 19 of U205 for use by the ASFIC and LVZIF.
The LVFractN IC (U205) further divides this by 8 internally to give 2.125 MHz to be used as the
reference frequency in the frequency synthesis. While UHF and VHF can use other references,
(divide by 7 or divide by 7/8), only the divide by 8 function is valid for lowband.
The internal oscillator device in the LVFracN together with C236, C237, C242, R219, CR211and Y201
comprise the reference oscillator. This oscillator is temperature compensated is capable of 2.5 ppm
stability over temperatures of -30 to 85°C. There is temperature compensation information that is
unique to each crystal contained on Y201 that is programmed into the radio when built.
The loop filter consists of components C256, C257, C259, R224, R225 and R228. This circuit
provides the necessary dc steering voltage for the VCO and determines the amount of noise and spur
passing through.
To achieve fast locking for the synthesizer, an internal adapt charge pump provides higher current at
pin 45 of U205 to put the synthesizer within lock range. The required frequency is then locked by
normal mode charge pump at pin 43.
up of C247, C283, C284, C285, C286, and triple diodes D210 and D211. This circuit provides 13.3V
at U205, pin 47.
2-24
7 4
8 19
9 6,17,22,29,31,33,44
10 43
5,20,34,36 U205 41 LO RF
(U400 Pin 1) VDD , 3.3V Low Voltage MODOUT Injection
23 Fractional-N 1
Reference XTAL1 AUX2 Switching
Synthesizer
Oscillator 24 2 Network Voltage
XTAL2 AUX3
Controlled
25 28 Filtered 4.3V
WARP SFOUT Oscillators
32 40
PREIN BIAS1
47 39 TX RF
VCP BIAS2
VMULT2 VMULT1 Injection
(First Stage of PA)
14 15
Voltage
Multiplier
Prescaler In
Figure 2-18: Low Band Synthesizer Block Diagram
2.16 Voltage Control Oscillators (VCO)

2.16.1 Receive VCO
The receive VCO is a Colpitts type design and using two active devices in parallel, Q202 and Q204.
The oscillator is powered off of the 4.3 volt super filter supply when the AUX3 line goes low. The
oscillator operates from 139 to 152 MHz for range 1 and 145 to 160 MHz for range 2. The frequency
is tuned by varactor diodes CR201 and CR202.
2.16.2 Transmit VCO

The transmit VCO is a Hartley type design with active devices Q203. The oscillator is powered off of
the 4.3 volt super filter supply when the AUX2 line goes low. The oscillator operates from 29.7 to 42
MHz for Range 1 and 35 to 50 MHz for Range 2. The frequency is tuned by varactor diodes in U203.
Note that the values of the inductive tap, L208 and L209, and the capacitor C215 which couples the
varactor to the oscillator tank vary between the ranges.
2.16.3 Buffer
Both the receive and transmit VCO are fed to a buffer amplifier Q201. This is a BJT amplifier that
boosts the signal levels to +4 dBm and provides reverse isolation to the oscillators. The amplifier is
powered off the 4.3 volt super filter supply and the feed network is combined with the transmit filter.
2.16.4 Diplexer/Output Filters

The output of the buffer drives a pair of parallel filters forming a diplexer. One filter is a lowpass filter in
the TX pass that passes 29.7 - 50 MHz signals for the transmitter into the power amplifier while
2-25
rejecting the receive LO injection signals at 139 - 160 MHz. This filter is comprised of L204, L211,
L212, C230 and C231.
The other filter is a highpass filter which passes 139 - 160 MHz signals for the receive LO into the
mixer while rejecting the transmit injection signals at 29.7 -50 MHz. This filter is comprised of C228,
C229, C235 and L215.
2.16.5 Prescalar Feedback

The prescalar input signal for receive and transmit is tapped off of the outputs of each filter by
resistors R234 and R238. This signal is routed to the buffer amplifier consisting of components C287,
Q288, R287, R288, and R289. The output of this buffer feeds U205, pin 32. After frequency
comparison in the synthesizer, current is transferred in the loop filter and a control voltage is
generated at the output of the loop filter to adjust the frequency of the VCO. This voltage is a DC
voltage between 3.5V and 9.5V when the PLL is locked on frequency.
2.17 800 MHz Transmitter

The 800MHz transmitter contains four basic circuits as shown in Figure 2-19:
• Power Amplifier (PA)
• Antenna Switch
• Harmonic Filter
• Power Control Integrated Circuit (PCIC).
PCIC
Antenna
Vcontrol Vcontrol Jack

Driver Stage
Figure 2-19: 800 MHz Transmitter Block Diagram

• 63J66 driver IC (U101) and
• 85Y73 LDMOS PA (Q101).
The 63J66 driver IC contains a 2 stage amplification with a supply voltage of 7.5V.
2-26
This RF driver IC is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pin 13 and 14) with an input signal
of 2.5mW (4dBm) (pin16). The current drain would typically be 200mA while operating in the
frequency range of 806-870MHz.
The 85Y73 LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 4.5W with an input signal of 0.3W.
The current drain would typically be 1100mA while operating in the frequency range of 806-870MHz.
The power out can be varied by changing the biasing voltage and the drive level from the driver IC.

The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes (CR101 and CR102), a pi network (C109, L103
and C110), and three current limiting resistors (R101, R102, R103). In the transmit mode, B+ at PCIC
(U102) pin32 will go high, applying a B+ bias to the antenna switch circuit to bias the diodes “on”. The
shunt diode (CR102) shorts out the receiver port, and the pi network, which operates as a quarter
wave transmission line, transforms the low impedance of the shunt diode to a high impedance at the
input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes are both off, and hence, there exists a low
attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.

The harmonic filter consists of C104, L102, C105, C106,C107, L101 and C109. It has been optimized
for efficiency of the power amplifier. This type of filter has the advantage that it can give a greater
attenuation in the stop-band for a given ripple level. The harmonic filter insertion loss is typically less
than 1.2dB.

The transmitter uses the Power Control IC (PCIC), U102 to regulate the power output of the radio.
The current to the final stage of the power module is supplied through R104, which provides a voltage
proportional to the current drain. This voltage is then fed back to the Automatic Level Control (ALC)
The PCIC has internal digital to analog converters (DACs) which provide the reference voltage of the
control loop. The reference voltage level is programmable through the SPI line of the PCIC.
There are resistors and integrators within the PCIC, and external capacitors (C126, C130 and C132)
in controlling the transmitter rising and falling time. These are necessary in reducing the power
splatter into adjacent channels.
U103 and its associated components are part of the temperature cut back circuitry. It senses the
printed circuit board temperature around the transmitter circuits and provides a DC voltage to the
PCIC. If the DC voltage produced exceeds the set threshold in the PCIC, the transmitter output power
will be reduced so as to reduce the transmitter temperature.
2-27
2.18 800 MHz Receiver

The receiver functions are shown in Figure 2-20 and are described in the paragraphs that follow.
Antenna
Pin Diode 3-Pole 3-Pole
Antenna Ceramic RF Ceramic Crystal IF
RFJack Switch Block Filter Amp Block Filter Mixer Filter Amp
AGC
Processing
First LO
from FGU
Recovered Audio
Demodulator
Squelch
U351
RSSI Synthesizer
IF IC
16.8 MHz
Reference Clock
SPI Bus Second
LO VCO
Figure 2-20: 800MHz Receiver Block Diagram

The RF signal is received by the antenna and applied to a low-pass filter. For 800MHz, the filter
consists of L101, L102, C104, C105, C106, C107, C109. The filtered RF signal is passed through the
antenna switch. The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes(CR101 and CR102) and a pi
network (C109, L103 and C110).The signal is then applied to a fixed tuned ceramic bandpass filter,
FL300.
The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q302 via C300. The RF
amplifier provides a gain of approximately 12 dB. After being amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF
signal is further filtered by a second fixed tuned ceramic bandpass filter, FL301.
Both the pre and post-RF amplifier ceramic filters have similar responses. The insertion loss of each
filter across the 851-870MHz band is typically 1.8dB.
The output of the post-RF amplifier filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer, U301.
After mixing with the first LO signal from the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) using low side
injection, the RF signal is down-converted to the 109.65MHz IF signal.
The IF signal coming out of the mixer is transferred to the crystal filter (FL350) through a resistive pad
and a diplexer (C312 and L306). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is provided by L353,L354,
C377, and C378. The crystal filter provides the necessary selectivity and intermodulation protection.
2-28

The output of crystal filter FL350 is matched to the input of the dual gate MOSFET IF amplifier
transistor U352 by components L355, R359 and C376. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken from
the receive 5 volts (R5). AGC voltage is applied to the second gate of U352. The IF amplifier provides
a gain of about 11dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U351(pin 3) via L352, R356 and
C365 which provides the matching for the IF amplifier and U351.
produce the recovered audio at pin 27 of U351. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the
amount of filtering (which is dependent on the radio channel spacing) is controlled by the
replaced by internal filters in the IF module (U351).
In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO will “search” for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to
twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO will lock onto the IF signal. The
second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q350. The VCO has a varactor diode,
CR350, to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter
consisting of R365, C391, and C392.
indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI is a dc voltage monitored by the microprocessor,
and used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit in both the front-end and the IF.
2.18.3 Automatic Gain Control Circuit

The automatic gain control circuit provides automatic gain reduction of both the low noise amplifier in
the receiver front end and the IF amplifier in the receiver backend. This action is necessary to prevent
overloading of the backend IF IC.
The IF automatic gain control circuit provides approximately 50 dB of attenuation range. The signal
strength indicator (RSSI) output of the IF IC produces a voltage that is proportional to the RF level at
the IF input to the IF IC. This voltage is inverted by U350, R351, R353, R352, R354 and C355 and it
determines the RF level at which the backend end AGC is activated as well as the slope of the
voltage at the output of U350 vs. the strength of the incoming RF at the antenna. The inverted output
of U350 is applied to the second gate of the IF amplifier U352 via R355. As the RF signal into the IF
IC increases the following occurs:
• the RSSI voltage increases,
• the output of inverter U350 decreases, and
• the voltage applied to the second gate of the FET is reduced thus reducing the gain of the IF
amplifier.
The output of inverter U350 is also used to control the receiver front end AGC.
The receiver front end automatic gain control circuit provides and additional 20 dB of gain reduction.
The output of the receiver backend inverter U350 is fed into the receiver front end AGC inverter U302.
The components R317, R314, and C318 determine:
• the RF level at which the front end AGC is activated, and
2-29
• the slope of the voltage at the output of U302 vs. the strength of the incoming RF at the antenna.
As the RF into the antenna increases the following occurs:
• The output voltage of the receiver backend inverter U350 decreases.
• The voltage at the output of the front end inverter U302 increases.
• The result is the forward biasing of pin diode CR301.
As the diode becomes more and more forward biased the following occurs:
• C310 loads the output of the low noise amplifier Q302 thus reducing the gain of the low noise
amplifier.
• R315 and R318 provide a DC path for CR301 and also limit the current through CR301.
The blocking capacitor C317 prevents DC from the AGC stage from appearing at the input of the filter
FL301.

The frequency generation circuit is shown in Figure 2-21. The circuit is composed of the two main ICs:
• Fractional-N synthesizer, U201
• VCO/Buffer IC, U250
Voltage
Multiplier Rx
VCP
Dual TRB Out Injection
Transistor To Mixer
Amplifier
Vmult1
Aux3 Rx VCO
Aux4 Circuit VCOBIC
U201 Loop Tx
Filter Out Buffer
MOD Out Amplifier
Ref. Osc. Tx VCO
Modulating Circuit
Signal
Figure 2-21: 800 MHz Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram
Designed in conjunction to maximize compatibility, the two ICs provide many of the functions that
normally would require additional circuitry. The synthesizer block diagram illustrates the interconnect
and support circuitry used in the region. Refer to the relevant schematics for the reference
designators.
The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V which come from U247 and U248 respectively.
The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered 4.5V which powers U250.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines from
the microprocessor. A 3.3V dc signal from synthesizer lock detect line indicates to the microprocessor
2-30
through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out to the VCO.
2.19 Synthesizer
The Fractional-N Synthesizer uses a 16.8MHz crystal (FL201) to provide a reference for the system.
The LVFractN IC (U201) further divides this to 2.1MHz, 2.225MHz, and 2.4MHz as reference
frequencies. Together with C235, C236, C237, R211 and CR203, they comprise the reference
oscillator which is capable of 2.5ppm stability over temperatures of -30 to 85°C. It also provides
16.8MHz at pin 19 of U201 to be used by ASFIC and LVZIF.
Some models are equipped with a packaged 1.5ppm reference oscillator, Y200. On these models
components C235, C236, C237, CR203, FL201, and R211 are not placed. Components C238, C239,
C241, R212, R213, R214 and Y200 are placed instead.
The loop filter which consists of C220, C225, C226, R204, R209 and R210 provides the necessary dc
steering voltage for the VCO and provides filtering of noise and spurs from U201.
pin 45 of U201 to put the synthesizer within the lock range. The required frequency is then locked by
the normal mode charge pump at pin 43.
Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive multiplier which is made
up of D201, D202, C244, C245, C246, C247, R200, R218, C208, C243, R219, and R220. Two 3.3 V
square waves (180 degrees out of phase) are applied to R219 and R220. These square waves switch
alternate sets of diodes from D201 and D202, which in turn charge C244, C245, C246, and C247 in a
bucket brigade fashion. The resulting output voltage that is applied to pin 47 of U201 is typically 12.8V
and allows the steering line voltage (VCO control voltage) to reach 11V.
7 4
8 19
9 6,22,23,24
10 43
+5V (U247 Pin 4) VCC , DC5V IADAPT 11.0V
U251 LO RF
5,20,34,36 41 Injection
23 Fractional-N 3
Synthesizer
XTAL2 AUX3
Controlled
WARP SFOUT
32 40
PREIN BIAS1
12.8V 47 39 TX RF
VCP BIAS2
Injection
14 15 48
Voltage 3.3Vp-p Dual
Multiplier R405
5V Transistors
3.3Vp-p
Prescaler In
Figure 2-22: 800 MHz Synthesizer Block Diagram

2-31
2.19.1 Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)

The voltage controlled oscillator block diagram is shown in Figure 2-23.
5V

TRB_IN
Pin 20 Pin 19
Pin 7
Rx-SW
TX/RX/BS
Tx-SW

Presc U201 Pin 32
U250
VSF VCOBIC
Steer Line
(VCTRL) Pin 8 Injection
RX
Pin 5 RX Rx Active Amplifier
RX RX VCO Bias Pin 14 VSF
VCC Buffers
TX TX VCO
Tank Circuit Pin 15 Buffer
Vsens Amplifier
Circuit
VSF
(U201 Pin 28)
Figure 2-23: 800 MHz VCO Block Diagram
The VCOBIC (U250) in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) generates RF in both
the receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U250 pin 19) determines which
oscillator and buffer will be enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled oscillator is routed
from U250 pin 12, through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U201 pin 32). After frequency
comparison in the synthesizer, a resultant CONTROL VOLTAGE is received at the VCO. This voltage
is a DC voltage between 2.0V (low frequency) and 11.0V (high frequency) when the PLL is locked on
frequency.
The VCOBIC(U250) is operated at 4.54 V (VSF) and Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) at 3.3V. This
difference in operating voltage requires a level shifter consisting of Q200 and Q252 on the TRB line.
2-32
The operation logic is shown in Table 2-7.

Rx High Low Low
In the receive mode, U250 pin 19 is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling the
receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U250. The RF signal at U250 pin 8 is run through an
injection amplifier, Q304. The resulting RF signal is the LO RF INJECTION and it is applied to the
mixer at U301 (refer to Figure 4-88: 800MHz Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram).
During the transmit condition, when PTT is depressed, five volts is applied to U250 pin 19. This
activates the transmit VCO by enabling the transmit oscillator and the transmit buffer of U250. The RF
signal at U250 pin 10 is amplified by Q251 and injected into the input of the PA module (U101 pin1).
This RF signal is the TX RF INJECTION. Also in transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency
modulated onto the carrier is received through the U201 pin 41.
When a high impedance is applied to U250 pin19, the VCO is operating in BATTERY SAVER mode.
In this case, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler
2.20 Trunked Radio Systems

Trunked systems allow a large number of users to share a relatively small number of frequencies or
repeaters without interfering with each other. The airtime of all the repeaters in a trunked system is
pooled, which maximizes the amount of airtime available to any one radio and minimizes channel
congestion. A benefit of trunking is that the user is not required to monitor the system before
transmitting.
2.20.1 Privacy Plus Trunked Systems

Privacy Plus is a proprietary trunking protocol developed by Motorola which allows a large number of
users to share small amounts of frequencies without interfering with each other. The Privacy Plus
configuration consists of shared multiple channel repeaters. The Privacy Plus Trunked system
includes a Central Controller, which directs the users to the open channels. This kind of Trunked
system requires no monitoring of the channel as in conventional systems. The Central Controller
places the user in a queue to wait for a free channel. The Central Controller does the monitoring and
channels selection for the user.
2.20.2 LTR™ Trunked Systems

LTR is a transmission based trunking protocol developed by the E. F. Johnson Company for primarily
single site trunking applications. In transmission trunking, a repeater is used for only the duration of a
single transmission. Once a transmission is completed, that repeater becomes available to other
users.
2.20.3 MPT Trunked Systems

MPT (Ministry of Post and Telecommunications) developed a signalling standard (MPT1327) for
trunked private land mobile radio systems. This standard defines the protocol rules for communication
between a trunking system controller (TSC) and user’s radio units. The protocol offers a broad range
of options which can be implemented in subsets according to user requirements. Also, there is scope
2-33
for customization for special requirements, and provision made to further standardized features to be
added to the protocol in the future. The standard defines only the over-air signalling and imposes only
minimum constraints on system design.
2.20.4 PassPort™ Trunked Systems

PassPort is an enhanced trunking protocol developed by Trident Microsystems that supports wide
area dispatch networking. A network is formed by linking several trunked sites together to form a
single system. This offers users an extended communication coverage area. Additionally, users with
PassPort can seamlessly roam among all sites within the network. Seamless roaming means that the
radio user does not have to manually change the position on the radio when roaming from site-to-site.
For models which feature PassPort Trunking operation, the standard keypad board is replaced with
the PassPort Trunking Controller Board (PTCB). This board also provides advanced voice storage
features. Refer to Figure 2-2 for connector and signal routing from, to and through the Radio, PTCB
and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) sub-systems.
2.20.4.1 Power Supplies
The radio supplies regulated Vdd of 3.3 VDC. This is used to power the Low Speed Data Filter and
Voice Storage circuits. The radio also supplies Switched Battery Voltage (SWB+). U612 regulates the
SWB+ to 3.3V which is applied to the PTCB microcontroller U601. A filtered voltage (Vdda) of _ Vdd
is developed by U603-4 and is used to supply a clean reference bias for the Low Speed Data filter
and Voice Storage circuits. The circuit of Q607 which can limit the voltage applied to the Voice
Storage chip is not used in portable applications and is disabled by 0 Ohm resistor R614.
2.20.4.2 Microcontroller (MCU)
PassPort Trunking operation is managed by the reprogrammable FLASH ROM based microcontroller
(U601). The MCU clock oscillator uses 8MHz crystal Y601 as a stable resonator. The PTCB
communicates with the main radio microcontroller by attaching to the same Serial Peripheral (SPI)
bus that passes though the PTCB to the LCD on the CLK, DATA, RDY, and MISO lines. The OPT_EN
line is strobed low only for communications with U601.
The MCU includes an on-chip Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). The received and filtered sub-
audible low speed trunking data waveform is applied to one of the ADC inputs. The software in the
MCU decodes and acts upon the trunking data.
The MCU includes a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC). As required, the MCU software generates
appropriate PassPort Low Speed Trunking Data waveforms. These are applied to the Low Speed
Data Filter and then to the radio transmitter modulation point. The amplitude of this waveform and the
resulting transmitted deviation is controlled by software.
2.20.4.3 Low Speed Data Filter
This analog circuitry is a 4 pole, 150 Hz cutoff low pass filter comprised of U603-1, U603-2 and
associated passive components. In receive mode, it removes noise and voice band signals leaving
only the low speed data waveform which is applied to the ADC input of the MCU. U608-4 isolates the
receive signal from the filter in transmit mode. When the radio is transmitting PassPort data, the MCU
DAC low speed data waveform is applied to the input of the filter which removes harmonics that would
interfere with voice and applies the resulting sub-audible data to the radio transmitter modulation
point.
2.20.4.4 Keyboard Circuit
The keyboard consists of a matrix of key switches and resistors as described in section 2.3. U605-2
monitors the column voltage and applies an interrupt signal to the radio microcontroller when any key
is pressed.
2-34
2.20.4.5 BackLight Driver and LED's

The logic level signal from the radio microcontroller is translated via Q611 and applied to Q610 which
uses Switched Battery Voltage (SWB+) to operate the keypad backlight LED’s.
2.20.4.6 Voice Storage
The Voice Storage (VS) can be used to store audio signals coming from the receiver or from the
microphone. Any stored audio signal can be played back over the radio’s speaker or sent out via the
radio’s transmitter.
The PTCB hosts the Voice Storage circuitry. Voice Storage IC U611 provides all the required
functionality and is powered from the regulated 5 volts. The mP controls U611 via SPI bus lines CLK
(U611-8), DATA (U611-10) and MISO (U611-11). To transfer data, the mP first selects the U611 via
line VS CS and U611 pin 9. Then the mP sends data through line DATA and receives data through
line MISO. Pin 2 (RAC) of U611 indicates the end of a message row by a low state for 12.5 ms and
connects to mP pin 65. A low at pin 5 (INT), which is connected to mP pin 55, indicates that the Voice
Storage IC requires service from the mP.
Audio, either from the radio’s receiver or from one of the microphone inputs, emerges from the ASFIC
CMP (U404) at pin 43, through switch U608-1 that is selected by the mP via ASFIC CMP pin 5
(DACR) and then enters the voice storage IC U611 at pin 25. During playback, the stored audio
emerges from U611 at pin 20. To transmit the audio signal, it is fed through resistive divider R657 /
R658, through switch U608-3 and through line EXT MIC. When this path is selected, the audio signal
enters the ASFIC CMP at pin 48 and is processed like normal transmit audio. To play the stored audio
over the radio’s speaker, the audio from U611 pin 20 is buffered by op-amp U605-1, through switch
U608-2 and fed via line FLAT RX SND to ASFIC CMP pin 10 (UIO). In this case, this ASFIC CMP pin
is programmed as input and feeds the audio signal through the normal receiver audio path to the
speaker or handset. Switches U608-2 and U608-3 are controlled by the mP via ASFIC CMP pin 6
(DACG) and feed the stored audio only to the ASFIC CMP port UIO when it is programmed as input.
2.21 900 MHz Transmitter
PCIC
Antenna
Vcontrol Vcontrol Jack

Driver Stage
Figure 2-24: Transmitter Block Diagram

2-35
The 900 MHz transmitter contains the following basic circuits:

• power amplifier
• antenna switch
• harmonic filter
• power control integrated circuit (PCIC).

• 5185130C65 driver IC (U101) and
• 4813828A09 LDMOS PA (Q101).
The 30C65 driver IC contains a 2 stage amplification with a supply voltage of 7.5V.
This RF driver IC is capable of supplying an output power of 0.3W (pin 6 and 7) with an input signal of
2.5mW (4dBm) (pin16). The current drain would typically be 200mA while operating in the frequency
range of 896-941 MHz.
The 28A09 LDMOS PA is capable of supplying an output power of 4.5W with an input signal of 0.3W.
The current drain would typically be 1100mA while operating in the frequency range of 896-941 MHz.
The power out can be varied by changing the biasing voltage and the drive level from the driver IC.

The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes (CR101 and CR102), a pi network (C115, L109
and C138), and three current limiting resistors (R102, R103, R106). In the transmit mode, B+ at PCIC
(U102) pin32 will go high, applying a B+ bias to the antenna switch circuit to bias the diodes “on”. The
shunt diode (CR102) shorts out the receiver port, and the pi network, which operates as a quarter
wave transmission line, transforms the low impedance of the shunt diode to a high impedance at the
input of the harmonic filter. In the receive mode, the diodes are both off, and hence, there exists a low
attenuation path between the antenna and receiver ports.

The harmonic filter consists of L104, L105, C114, C115, C124,C125, and C126. It has been optimized
for efficiency of the power amplifier. This type of filter has the advantage that it can give a greater
attenuation in the stop-band for a given ripple level. The harmonic filter insertion loss is typically
0.9 dB, and less than 1.2dB.

The transmitter uses the Power Control IC (PCIC), U102 to regulate the power output of the radio.
The current to the final stage of the power module is supplied through R101, which provides a voltage
proportional to the current drain. This voltage is then fed back to the Automatic Level Control (ALC)
The PCIC has internal digital to analog converters (DACs) which provide the reference voltage of the
control loop. The reference voltage level is programmable through the SPI line of the PCIC.
There are resistors and integrators within the PCIC, and external capacitors (C156, C157, and C158)
in controlling the transmitter rising and falling time. These are necessary in reducing the power
splatter into adjacent channels.
U103 and its associated components are part of the temperature cut back circuitry. It senses the
printed circuit board temperature around the transmitter circuits and output a DC voltage to the PCIC.
If the DC voltage produced exceeds the set threshold in the PCIC, the transmitter output power will be
reduced so as to reduce the transmitter temperature.
2-36
2.22 900 MHz Receiver
Antenna
Pin Diode 3-Pole 3-Pole
Antenna Ceramic RF Ceramic Crystal IF
RFJack Switch Block Filter Amp Block Filter Mixer Filter Amp
AGC
Processing
First LO
from FGU
Recovered Audio
Demodulator
Squelch
U351
RSSI Synthesizer
IF IC
16.8 MHz
Reference Clock
SPI Bus Second
LO VCO
Figure 2-25: 900 MHz Receiver Block Diagram

The RF signal is received by the antenna and applied to a low-pass filter. For 900 MHz, the filter
consists of L104, L105, C114, C115, C124, C125, and C126. The filtered RF signal is passed through
the antenna switch. The antenna switch circuit consists of two PIN diodes(CR101, and CR102) and a
pi network (C115, L109, and C138). The signal is then applied to a fixed tuned ceramic bandpass
filter, FL300.
The output of the bandpass filter is coupled to the RF amplifier transistor Q302 via C300. The RF
amplifier provides a gain of approximately 14 dB. After being amplified by the RF amplifier, the RF
signal is further filtered by a second fixed tuned ceramic bandpass filter, FL301.
Both the pre and post-RF amplifier ceramic filters have similar responses. The insertion loss of each
filter across the 935-941 MHz band is less than 2 dB.
The output of the post-RF amplifier filter is connected to the passive double balanced mixer, U301,
through matching components C321, and L311. After mixing with the first LO signal from the voltage
controlled oscillator (VCO) using low side injection, the RF signal is down-converted to the
109.65MHz IF signal.
and a diplexer (C312, and L306). Matching to the input of the crystal filter is provided by L353,L354,
C377, and C378. The crystal filter provides some of the necessary selectivity, and intermodulation
protection.
2-37

The output of crystal filter FL350 is matched to the input of the dual gate MOSFET IF amplifier
transistor U352 by components L355, R359, and C376. Voltage supply to the IF amplifier is taken
from the receive 5 volts (R5). AGC voltage is applied to the second gate of U352. The IF amplifier
provides a gain of about 11dB. The amplified IF signal is then coupled into U351(pin 3) via L352,
R356 and C365 which provides the matching for the IF amplifier and U351.
produce the recovered audio at pin 27 of U351. This IF IC is electronically programmable, and the
amount of filtering (which is dependent on the radio channel spacing) is controlled by the
replaced by internal filters in the IF module (U351).
In the absence of an IF signal, the VCO will “search” for a frequency, or its frequency will vary close to
twice the IF frequency. When an IF signal is received, the VCO will lock onto the IF signal. The
second LO/VCO is a Colpitts oscillator built around transistor Q350. The VCO has a varactor diode,
CR350, to adjust the VCO frequency. The control signal for the varactor is derived from a loop filter
consisting of R365, C391, and C392.
indicator (RSSI) and a squelch output. The RSSI is a dc voltage monitored by the microprocessor,
and used to control the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit in both the front-end and the IF.
U851 where a “flutter fighter” process is implemented. The signal leaves U851 via pin F4 and is then
routed to U404 (ASFIC) where squelch signal shaping and detection takes place. The demodulated
audio signal is also routed to U404 for processing before going to the audio amplifier for amplification.
2.22.3 Hear Clear IC

Hear Clear (HC) IC is typically used for 900MHz radios. The HC IC comprises three main internal
circuit blocks:
• Compressor,
• Flutter Fighter, and
• Expander Circuits.
Only the Flutter Fighter section of this IC is used by this radio. The Compressor and the Expander are
included in the ASFIC. There are six enable/control lines on the Hear Clear IC which determine the
ICs mode of operation. The Flutter Fighter Enable line (U851-E3) is controlled by ASFIC DACRX line
(U404-4). The logic control and the IC status is summarized in Table 2-8.
Table 2-8 Hear Clear Logic and IC Status
Name Ref. Des Set By RX1* RX2**
IC Enable U851-C4 SWB+ 1 1
Flutter Fighter U851-E3 DACRX 1 0

Enable
LO Clamp Disable U851-A5 SWB+ 1 1

2-38
Table 2-8 Hear Clear Logic and IC Status
LO Clamp Disable U851-C2 GND 0 0
HCI Disable U851-B6 SWB+ 1 1
LO Clamp Disable U851-D1 GND 0 0

*RX1:receive voice with carrier squelch, PL or DPL (Flutter Fighter can be on or off).
**RX2:refers to receive mode with all other data HST/MDC/DTMF (Flutter Fighter must be off).
2.22.3.1 Receive Path for Radios with Hear Clear

The audio signal enters Hear Clear controller from DEMOD_OUT signal on DISC. The detected audio
“DISC” enters the Hear Clear Flutter Fighter through C857 and C859. C857 connects the signal to FF
IN (U851-E4). C859 is a beginning of a noise sampling circuit consisting of components – C859,
R853, C860, R854, C861, R855 and C862; and Hear Clear Ports Ref, Noise Filter In, and Noise Filter
Out, Noise Hold.
After exiting Hear Clear at the “FF OUT” (U851-F4), the signal enters ASFIC at DISC (U404-2). Within
the ASFIC, the signal passes through a low pass filter and high pass filter limiting the audio bandwidth
to 300Hz-3KHz. It then goes through de-emphasis and exits the ASFIC at AUDIO (U404-41). The
audio is then routed to the Audio PA in the same manner as the standard receive audio.
The purpose of the Flutter Fighter is to sample the amount of Noise in the receive audio between 10-
20KHz using the Noise Filter (U851-B5), Noise Filter Out (U851-C6), and Noise Hold (U851-D5). In
addition, it monitors the rate of change of RSSI (Receive Signal Strength In) (U303-1). The detected
audio DISC enters into the Hear Clear IC at “FF IN” (U851-E4). The circuit then reduces the amount
of popping Noise associated with fading. The improved audio exits the IC at “FF OUT” (U851-F4).
2.22.3.2 Hear Clear Routing of Data/Signaling
While receiving, sub-audible signals PL/DPL go through the Flutter Fighter along with the audio, and
is unaffected by the Flutter Fighter operation. On entering the ASFIC, the sub-audible signaling is
separated from the voice and decoded.
While receiving other signals HST/MDC (not sub-audible), the Flutter Fighter is set to the “pass
through mode”. In this mode, the Flutter Fighter is routed from ”FF IN” to “FF OUT” without any
processing.
2.22.4 Automatic Gain Control Circuit

The automatic gain control circuit provides automatic gain reduction of both the low noise amplifier in
the receiver front end and the IF amplifier in the receiver backend. This action is necessary to prevent
overloading of the backend IF IC.
The IF automatic gain control circuit provides approximately 50 dB of attenuation range. The signal
strength indicator (RSSI) output of the IF IC produces a voltage that is proportional to the RF level at
the IF input to the IF IC. This voltage is inverted by U350, R351, R353, R352, R354 and C355 and it
determines the RF level at which the backend end AGC is activated as well as the slope of the
voltage at the output of U350 vs. the strength of the incoming RF at the antenna. The inverted output
of U350 is applied to the second gate of the IF amplifier U352 via R355. As the RF signal into the IF
IC increases the following occurs:
• the RSSI voltage increases,
• the output of inverter U350 decreases, and
• the voltage applied to the second gate of the FET is reduced thus reducing the gain of the IF
amplifier.
2-39
The output of inverter U350 is also used to control the receiver front end AGC.
The receiver front end automatic gain control circuit provides and additional 20 dB of gain reduction.
The output of the receiver back end inverter U350 is fed into the receiver front end AGC inverter
U302. The components R317, R314, and C318 determine:
• the RF level at which the front end AGC is activated, and
• the slope of the voltage at the output of U302 vs. the strength of the incoming RF at the antenna.
As the RF into the antenna increases the following occurs:
• The output voltage of the receiver back end inverter U350 decreases.
• The voltage at the output of the front end inverter U302 increases.
• The result is the forward biasing of pin diode CR301.
As the diode becomes more and more forward biased the following occurs:
• C310 loads the output of the low noise amplifier Q302 thus reducing the gain of the low noise
amplifier.
• R315 and R318 provide a DC path for CR301 and also limit the current through CR301.
The blocking capacitor C317 prevents DC from the AGC stage from appearing at the input of the filter
FL301.
2.23 Frequency Generation Circuitry
Voltage
Multiplier Rx
VCP
Dual TRB Out Injection
Transistor To Mixer
Amplifier
Vmult1
Aux3 Rx VCO
Aux4 Circuit VCOBIC
U201 Loop Tx
Filter Out Buffer
MOD Out Amplifier
Ref. Osc. Tx VCO
Modulating Circuit
Signal
Figure 2-26: Frequency Generation Unit Block Diagram
The Frequency Generation Circuitry is comprised of two main ICs, the Fractional-N synthesizer
(U201), and the VCO/Buffer IC (U250). Designed in conjunction to maximize compatibility, the two ICs
provide many of the functions that normally would require additional circuitry. The synthesizer block
diagram illustrates the interconnect and support circuitry used in the region. Refer to the relevant
schematics for the reference designators.
The synthesizer is powered by regulated 5V and 3.3V which come from U247 and U248 respectively.
The synthesizer in turn generates a superfiltered 4.5V which powers U250.
Programming for the synthesizer is accomplished through the data, clock and chip select lines from
2-40
the microprocessor. A 3.3V dc signal from synthesizer lock detect line indicates to the microprocessor
through an internal attenuator for modulation balancing purposes before going out to the VCO.
2.24 900 MHz Synthesizer

The Fractional-N Synthesizer uses a 16.8 MHz packaged 1.5 ppm reference oscillator (Y200) to
provide a reference for the system. The LV FractN IC (U201) further divides the 16.8 MHz to 2.1MHz,
2.225 MHz, and 2.4 MHz. Y200, together with C238, C239, C241, R212, R213, and R214 comprise
the reference oscillator which is capable of 1.5 ppm stability over temperatures of -30 to 85°C. It also
provides 16.8 MHz at pin 19 of U201 to be used by ASFIC and LVZIF.
The loop filter which consists of C801, C802, C803, C804, C805, C225, C226, R204, R209, and R210
provides the necessary dc steering voltage for the VCO and provides filtering of noise and spurs from
U201.
pin 45 of U201 to put the synthesizer within the lock range. The required frequency is then locked by
the normal mode charge pump at pin 43.
Both the normal and adapt charge pumps get their supply from the capacitive multiplier which is made
up of CR201, CR202, C244, C245, C246, C247, R200, R218, C208, C243, R219, and R220. Two 3.3
V square waves (180 degrees out of phase) are applied to R219 and R220. These square waves
switch alternate sets of diodes from CR201 and CR202, which in turn charge C244, C245, C246, and
C247 in a bucket brigade fashion. The resulting output voltage that is applied to pin 47 of U201 is
typically 12.8V and allows the steering line voltage (VCO control voltage) to reach 11V.
7 4
8 19
9 6,22,23,24
10 43
+5V (U247 Pin 4) VCC , DC5V IADAPT 11.0V
U251 LO RF
5,20,34,36 41 Injection
23 Fractional-N 3
Synthesizer
XTAL2 AUX3
Controlled
WARP SFOUT
32 40
PREIN BIAS1
12.8V 47 39 TX RF
VCP BIAS2
Injection
14 15 48
Voltage 3.3Vp-p Dual
Multiplier R405
5V Transistors
3.3Vp-p
Prescaler In
Figure 2-27: Synthesizer Block Diagram

2-41
2.25 900 MHz Voltage Control Oscillator (VCO)
5V

TRB_IN
Pin 20 Pin 19
Pin 7
Rx-SW
TX/RX/BS
Tx-SW

Presc U201 Pin 32
U250
VSF VCOBIC
Steer Line
(VCTRL) Pin 8 Injection
RX
Pin 5 RX Rx Active Amplifier
RX RX VCO Bias Pin 14 VSF
VCC Buffers
TX TX VCO
Tank Circuit Pin 15 Buffer
Vsens Amplifier
Circuit
VSF
(U201 Pin 28)
Figure 2-28: VCO Block Diagram
The VCOBIC (U250) in conjunction with the Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) generates RF in both the
receive and the transmit modes of operation. The TRB line (U250 pin 19) determines which oscillator
and buffer will be enabled. A sample of the RF signal from the enabled oscillator is routed from U250
pin 12, through a low pass filter, to the prescaler input (U201 pin 32). After frequency comparison in
the synthesizer, a resultant CONTROL VOLTAGE is received at the VCO. This voltage is a DC
voltage between 2.0V (low frequency) and 11.0V (high frequency) when the PLL is locked on
frequency.
The VCOBIC(U250) is operated at 4.54 V (VSF) and Fractional-N synthesizer (U201) at 3.3V. This
difference in operating voltage requires a level shifter consisting of Q200 and Q252 on the TRB line.
2-42
The operation logic is shown in Table 2-9.

Rx High Low Low
In the receive mode, U250 pin 19 is low or grounded. This activates the receive VCO by enabling the
receive oscillator and the receive buffer of U250. The RF signal at U250 pin 8 is run through an
injection amplifier, Q304. The resulting RF signal is the LO RF INJECTION and it is applied to the
mixer at U301.
During the transmit condition, when PTT is depressed, five volts is applied to U250 pin 19. This
activates the transmit VCO by enabling the transmit oscillator and the transmit buffer of U250. The RF
signal at U250 pin 10 is amplified by Q251 and injected into the input of the PA module (U101 pin1).
This RF signal is the TX RF INJECTION. Also in transmit mode, the audio signal to be frequency
modulated onto the carrier is received through the U201 pin 41.
When a high impedance is applied to U250 pin19, the VCO is operating in BATTERY SAVER mode.
In this case, both the receive and transmit oscillators as well as the receive transmit and prescaler
3-1
Chapter 3
Maintenance
3.1 Introduction
This chapter of the manual describes:
• Preventive maintenance
• Safe handling of CMOS devices
• Repair procedures and techniques
3.2 Preventive Maintenance

The radios do not require a scheduled preventive maintenance program; however, periodic visual
inspection and cleaning is recommended.
3.3 Inspection
Check that the external surfaces of the radio are clean, and that all external controls and switches are
functional. It is not recommended to inspect the interior electronic circuitry.
3.3.1 Cleaning
The following procedures describe the recommended cleaning agents and the methods to be used
when cleaning the external and internal surfaces of the radio. External surfaces include the front
cover, housing assembly, and battery case. These surfaces should be cleaned whenever a periodic
visual inspection reveals the presence of smudges, grease, and/or grime.
NOTE Internal surfaces should be cleaned only when the radio is disassembled for servicing or
repair.
The only recommended agent for cleaning the external radio surfaces is a 0.5% solution of a mild
dishwashing detergent in water. The only factory recommended liquid for cleaning the printed circuit
boards and their components is isopropyl alcohol (70% by volume).
CAUTION: The effects of certain chemicals and their vapors can have harmful results on
! certain plastics. Aerosol sprays, tuner cleaners, and other chemicals should be avoided.
1. Cleaning External Plastic Surfaces

The detergent-water solution should be applied sparingly with a stiff, non-metallic, short-bristled
brush to work all loose dirt away from the radio. A soft, absorbent, lintless cloth or tissue should
be used to remove the solution and dry the radio. Make sure that no water remains entrapped
near the connectors, cracks, or crevices.
2. Cleaning Internal Circuit Boards and Components
Isopropyl alcohol may be applied with a stiff, non-metallic, short-bristled brush to dislodge embed-
ded or caked materials located in hard-to-reach areas. The brush stroke should direct the dis-
lodged material out and away from the inside of the radio. Make sure that controls or tunable
components are not soaked with alcohol. Do not use high-pressure air to hasten the drying pro-
cess since this could cause the liquid to collect in unwanted places. Upon completion of the
cleaning process, use a soft, absorbent, lintless cloth to dry the area. Do not brush or apply any
3-2 Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS
isopropyl alcohol to the frame, front cover, or back cover.
NOTE Always use a fresh supply of alcohol and a clean container to prevent contamination by
dissolved material (from previous usage).
3.4 Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and lateral diffusion metal oxide semiconductor
(LDMOS) devices are used in this family of radios. Their characteristics make them susceptible to
damage by electrostatic or high voltage charges. Damage can be latent, resulting in failures occurring
weeks or months later. Therefore, special precautions must be taken to prevent device damage
during disassembly, troubleshooting, and repair.
Handling precautions are mandatory for the circuits and are especially important in low humidity
conditions. DO NOT attempt to disassemble the radio without first referring to the CMOS CAUTION
paragraph in the Disassembly and Reassembly section of the basic manual (See Chapter 3).
3.5 General Repair Procedures and Techniques

• Parts Replacement and Substitution
When damaged parts are replaced, identical parts should be used. If the identical replacement
component is not locally available, check the parts list for the proper Motorola part number and
order the component from the nearest Motorola Communications parts center listed in the “Piece
Parts” section of this manual (See Chapter 1).
• Rigid Circuit Boards

The family of radios uses bonded, multi-layer, printed circuit boards. Since the inner layers are not
accessible, some special considerations are required when soldering and unsoldering
components. The printed-through holes may interconnect multiple layers of the printed circuit.
Therefore, care should be exercised to avoid pulling the plated circuit out of the hole.
When soldering near the 20-pin and 40-pin connectors:
• avoid accidentally getting solder in the connector.
• be careful not to form solder bridges between the connector pins.
• closely examine your work for shorts due to solder bridges.
• Flexible Circuits
The flexible circuits are made from a different material than the rigid boards and different
techniques must be used when soldering. Excessive prolonged heat on the flexible circuit can
damage the material. Avoid excessive heat and excessive bending.
For parts replacement, use the ST-1087 Temperature-Controlled Solder Station with a 600-700
degree tip, and use small diameter solder such as ST-633. The smaller size solder will melt
faster and require less heat to be applied to the circuit.
To replace a component on a flexible circuit:
• grasp the edge of the flexible circuit with seizers (hemostats) near the part to be removed.
• pull gently.
• apply the tip of the soldering iron to the component connections while pulling with the
seizers.
Do not attempt to puddle out components. Prolonged application of heat may damage the
flexible circuit.
General Repair Procedures and Techniques 3-3
• Chip Components
Use either the RLN-4062 Hot-Air Repair Station or the Motorola 0180381B45 Repair Station for
chip component replacement. When using the 0180381B45 Repair Station, select the TJ-65 mini-
thermojet hand piece. On either unit, adjust the temperature control to 700 degrees F. (370
degrees C), and adjust the airflow to a minimum setting. Airflow can vary due to component
density.
• To remove a chip component:
• Use a hot-air hand piece and position the nozzle of the hand piece approximately 1/8” (0.3
cm) above the component to be removed.
• Begin applying the hot air. Once the solder reflows, remove the component using a pair of
tweezers.
• Using a solder wick and a soldering iron or a power desoldering station, remove the excess
solder from the pads.
• To replace a chip component using a soldering iron:
• Select the appropriate micro-tipped soldering iron and apply fresh solder to one of the sol-
der pads.
• Using a pair of tweezers, position the new chip component in place while heating the fresh
solder.
• Once solder wicks onto the new component, remove the heat from the solder.
• Heat the remaining pad with the soldering iron and apply solder until it wicks to the compo-
nent. If necessary, touch up the first side. All solder joints should be smooth and shiny.
• To replace a chip component using hot air:
• Use the hot-air hand piece and reflow the solder on the solder pads to smooth it.
• Apply a drop of solder paste flux to each pad.
• Using a pair of tweezers, position the new component in place.
• Position the hot-air hand piece approximately 1/8” (0.3 cm) above the component and
begin applying heat.
• Once the solder wicks to the component, remove the heat and inspect the repair. All joints
should be smooth and shiny.
• Shields
Removing and replacing shields will be done with the R-1070 station with the temperature control
set to approximately 415°F (215°C) [445°F (230°C) maximum].
• To remove the shield:
• Place the circuit board in the R-1070’s holder.
• Select the proper heat focus head and attach it to the heater chimney.
• Add solder paste flux around the base of the shield.
• Position the shield under the heat-focus head.
• Lower the vacuum tip and attach it to the shield by turning on the vacuum pump.
• Lower the focus head until it is approximately 1/8” (0.3 cm) above the shield.
• Turn on the heater and wait until the shield lifts off the circuit board.
• Once the shield is off, turn off the heat, grab the part with a pair of tweezers, and turn off the
vacuum pump.
• Remove the circuit board from the R-1070’s circuit board holder.
• To replace the shield:
• Add solder to the shield if necessary, using a micro-tipped soldering iron.
3-4 Recommended Test Tools
• Next, rub the soldering iron tip along the edge of the shield to smooth out any excess sol-
der. Use solder wick and a soldering iron to remove excess solder from the solder pads on
the circuit board.
• Place the circuit board back in the R1070’s circuit board holder.
• Place the shield on the circuit board using a pair of tweezers.
• Position the heat-focus head over the shield and lower it to approximately 1/8” (0.3 cm)
above the shield.
• Turn on the heater and wait for the solder to reflow.
• Once complete, turn off the heat, raise the heat-focus head and wait approximately one
minute for the part to cool.
• Remove the circuit board and inspect the repair. No cleaning should be necessary.
3.6 Recommended Test Tools

Table Table 3-1 lists the recommended tools used for maintaining this family of radios. These tools are
also available from Motorola.
Table 3-1 Recommended Test Tools
Motorola Part Number Description Application
RSX4043 Torx Driver Tighten and remove chassis screws.
6680387A70 T-6 Torx Bit Removable Torx driver bit.
R1453A Digital readout solder station Digitally controlled soldering iron.
0180386A78 Illuminated magnifying glass

with lens attachment.
0180386A82 Anti-static grounding kit Used during all radio assembly and disassembly pro-
6684253C72 Straight prober cedures.
6680384A98 Brush
1010041A86 Solder (RMA type),
63/37, 0.5mm diameter
1 lb. spool
1080303E45 SMD tool kit (included with
R1319A)
R1319A (110V) ChipMaster Surface Mount Removal and assembly of surface-mounted inte-
grated circuits and shields includes 5 nozzels.
or R1321A(220V) Rework Station
R1364A Digital Heated Tweezer Sys- Chip component removal.

tem
R1427A Board Preheater Reduces heatsink on multi level boards.
8880309B53 Rework Equipment Catalog Contains application notes, procedures and technical
rework equipment.
Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse 3-5
3.7 Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse

In cases where the radio fails to turn on when power is applied, the circuit board fuse should always
be checked as a probable cause of the failure. The locations of the fuse for both the UHF and VHF
boards are shown in Figure 3-1. The radio must be disassembled to replace the fuses as described
inthe Basic Service Manual (see Chapter 1 - Related Documents), then the circuit board separated
from the radio chassis as described in the paragraphs that follow.
Replacing the Circuit Board Fuse
VIEWED FROM SIDE 2

M300 M301 M400
VR200 VR201
C205
SH300
C204
C522 VR442 C523 C281 SH402
C436
C437 SH402 E405 C332 C436 E405

VR441
4 L505 C331 R318 C437

R420
C345
C334
SH322 4
R426
E404
VR506
R420
R343
C334
C359 L330
1
E406 C319 U200 E404

C382
R426
1
26
C333
51
2 C338
E403
S502 26 E406
C330
L331
S502
R463 R414
C358 3 2 C337 51
C357 L307
C277
E403
24 13 CR200
13
Q302
E402
C258
J1
25
R463 R414
Low Band Board

C278
12
U248
C390 R350 C344 C335 25

C279
3 5
B501
FL401
C307
C449 C463 E401
R344 C330
2
C383
C326
R313
E402
L200
3 5
C327
C360 VR203
U301
C346 R311 R415 R309 2 C280
E401
C328 FL401
VR202
U303
R307
UHF Board
U409
C361 R312 C433

C327 C503 R415
U302
C343 C336 U409
R315
F1
C329
C431
C336
C355
C449 C463
R308
3
C433
1
37
C326
Figure 3-1:UHF/VHF/Low Band/800MHz/900MHz Circuit Board Fuse Locations

C208 36 1
CR203
C263 R306
CR411
C298
C202
SH202 37 48
C339
C340
C341
L261 C343
C342
C204 C324 3 SH201

C264
C348
C337
C356
C466 C431
C293
L314 C223 R219

C347
R204
R460 C458 C323
CR411
C503
C218 C207
C219
1
76
C206
C341
Q416
C339
C340
C342
R202 25 C459 C466
C320
C325
C435
37 L305
C321
R223 C242
C201
R281 E400 36 25
C236
F501
SH304 R201 R462 37 24

R419 R457 1
C456 R411
C265 R460 76 C458

R461
Q416
8
U201
C435
R233
C231
R231 R232
C453
R224
R225
SH302 R409 R222
L410
CR306 C459
U410
U210
C395
L340 C434 U205

CR303
R462
R432
L303
R457
C257
C
1 E400
R340 C307
C296 3
C258 4
L225
C311 R347
L306
C232
C456 R411
13 L411 8 SH500
S501 L307
R461
R419
C453
R303 C309 R505
L410
CR501
C310 C507 48 13
C234 3
R228
U410
R409
C259
2
CR304
4
C380 C224 4 U211 1 12
R432
C306 CR305
S501 C C
C314
Q509 TP200
C256
C434 L411
VR439
C315
R512
R513
Q301
C312
R239
R306
R307
R329
C318 C255
L304
C506
R473
R424
R413
C419
C420
C421
R328
R504
C479
C298
C299
L305
C448
R400
R445
C317
R304
C313
C321
R472 4 2 R503
R305
C316 C481
C416 C422
SH242 R423 C475 C442 C259 C261

R425
C407
C447
VR448 VR446 VR445
C123 SH403 C504

R244
E101 L502
C244
C241
R473
C538
L251
1
20
SH403
L241
R431
R254
C242
R475 D502
R449
L501 C479
R424
C243 C245
R413
C128 R400
R108
C134
C254 C252
C407 R445
C448
25
CR243 CR242
C533
U241
C130 C250 C246 37

R109
R107
C170
C421
C419
C420
C442
R251 C255
C150 20 11 C133 SH202 R472 C475
C422
R252
R241
L112
R425
C152 R242
R423
C481
H101
L108
C126
C138 C151 C128

CR251
R102
C445 VR445
R232
C222
C225
C408 U404 U420
C131
TP100
R245 10
11
CR204 R475
C447
R431
U207
Q111 CR203
R119
R449
C371 1 C416
C409
C135
C134
VR432
C372
C132
L242
3 10 L109 36 25 VR446
R115
CR241 C146
4 1
9
R331 R330 C410 37 24
R231
L281
17
J101 13 R111
C139
R236
R238
C216
R434
R118 20 11
C281
R332
C411
C450
R111 C295
R112 R110
C132
C135
U102
4 R170 R114 VR448

C125
C129
R101
R172
C214
J102
C451
R113
C215
C172 R436 Q410 C108
Q310 4 L207
R110 C408 U404
VR433
C133 U420
C452
L208
C373 C124 L212 C445
R102
R349 3 C476
C297
3
R234
1
C430
C414
25
C415
R109 Q203
C378
C108
C173
C409
4 R101
C174
R471
R133
C440
VR432
1 10
C105
2 R130 J101
C226
P100
CR105
R116
R117
R132 1 25 8 48 13
R131 R206 1 1 12
C138 C410
C137
L215
M100 C450
C221
R204
4
R103
U203
L209
U102
C230
C126
E100
C451
R434
C411
J102 C141
C452
C405
L204
VR433
3 3 C476
C140
17
C415
VR101
C227
C414
9 4 5 4
L211
C142
C412 R471
1 C127 C231 C430
C117
Q410
C143
2
M101 M202 M401
FL0830475O
Fuse
F1
VIEWED FROM SIDE 1
C852
VR503 C522
C860
SH402
S502 A5 A2
VR507
SH353 E405
C436
L851 B6 B1 C437
4 C383 C394 B501 C861
R420
C381 R350 L505
C379 R852 R854 E404
VR505
R853
1
R426
C380 C350 C859 R855 26 E406
2 C374 51
C851
U851
E403
13 C211 C862 3
R856
R463 R414
C372 25 L350
C355
3 5 C370 C210 E402
R354 2 C857
E401
U351 E6
R353
E1
R851
C373 C367 FL401
900 MHZ Board

U203 C217 F5 F2 R415
U350
C369 U409
C449 C463
R352
C240 C856 C433
C360 1 C358 C853
37 R351
C356
3 SH201
F501
C354 C431
Fuse
C247
C366
C364
C363
C357
CR202
CR201
CR411
C244
U202
C209
C353
C359
C352
L351 C245 C466
C212
C503 C525
C243
R460
R333
R220 C246 1
C208
R218
C202 R219 76 C458
R332
C524
R336
R317
R330
Q416
R200
C435
R334 R329 R331
C216
S501 C203
C201 C214
F501
C242
C459
SH301 C234 R462 R438
C222 E400
C310 L202 R457
C439 R439
8 C221
C308
2
R461
R419
C225
R204
C453
L304 C219 C805
L410
R318 R307 U303 R210
R411
CR301 R335
U410
C218
C223
C317
C305 R209 R409
R432
C302
C C
U302
C456
CR501 C205 C226 C434 L411
R315
C801
C802
C303
FL301 C230 R202
C803
C804
L301
VR502
Q302
R203
4 2 L204
C318
R309
L303 C204 C231
R314 C104
C300
C105 SH403
C301
CR300
C106
R306
R312 C479
L302
R424
R473
C165
R413
R400
C448
R445
R310
C123 SH250
C528
C419
C420
C421
C306 R472 C475
C103
C422
C264 Q252 C442
C407
R257
R425
C481
R423
C280
E101 C259 43 R431 VR445
C102
C292
C262
R475
C447
1 20
R449
C291
C416
C263
SH102
C122
C274 VR446
L260 25
37
R101
R273 C266
R281
C108 U250 C265 20 11 VR448
R280
C126
C267
M101 R262 C287
C260
L259
R261 C408 U404 U420 C445
C159
C107
R264
C268
C133 R282 10 11 C409
L256
VR432
R275 1 10
R121
C253
9 C252 1
17 C158 13
VR101
C125
C290
L254 C410
C137
C261 R263 C450
C160
C405
C157
C136
J101 U102 R253 C284 R251 R255
C451
Q251
L253
C411
R434
L265
C110 C156
VR433
C452
C124 R271 3 C476
C250
C251
C254
L252
C257
R274
R118
R250
1
C415
C286
C414
C155 25 C150 L250 4
C255
R103 C101 C412
U103 C293 R254 C256 C430 Q410
C154 R471
R102
C144 C492
C143 R108 R110 R117
FL0830703O
DWG. NO.
WARIS VHF RF Board
8486062B12D BOT SIDE ZWG0130073
ILLUSTRATOR DATE ENGINEER DATE PROGRAM DISK CHECK
ONE
RK 23/Nov/1998 Illustrator
O.K. AS IS ( )
EDITOR DATE CHECKER DATE CORRECTED
AS O.K. AS MARKED ( )
MARKED
ISS. REVISION RLSE. RLSE.
LETTERING SIZE:
REQUIRES:
B
M502 M501 M400
VIEWED FROM SIDE 2 C523
C522
VR506
VR505
VR507
C436
4 L505 E405
C437
R426
C381 C383 R350
R420
C241
E404
C379
VR441 R214
1
VR442 C380 C350 E406
26
C211
VR503
51
SH402 S502 2
C238
E403
13
C436
25
C374 3
R463 R414
4 2 C437 C372 L350
SH3202 E405 C355 C210
4
R420
L505
C3241 E402
Y200
C3223 C3219 E404 3 5 C370
FL401
B501
R3219 R354
2
C3240 D3761
E401
1
U351
R414 R426
24
VR439
R353
C217
E406
C3242
13 50 C367 U248
C3763
25 12 25 C373
VR506
S502 2 C3236 R3224 R3222 C3227
C369 R415
U350
Y3762 3 E403
C449 C463
U409
R352
C3211
C3237 R3223 C3243
R3222
C3224
E402 C433
R3760
C360
1
37
SH402
R351
3 5 C358
C356
U3220 C3244
R3761
C431
3
SH202
800 MHz Board

B501 2 CR501 R463
FL401
E401
R3221
C354
C3221
C366
C364
C363
C357
C3230 R415 C202 C228 C236
VHF Board
L203
C206
C233
CR411
C3235 R3220 R3763 3 C3751 C229
C3228
C353
C359
C227
C3220
C352
C3735 C433 U409 C463 L351 R208 CR203
C3231
36 1 C466
C3232
C3233
C3234
C503 C525 C527
C232 R206 R211
C3218
48
C249
37 3 C431 R460 C458
1
C242 C237
76
C524
C3238
C3731
C3707
C235
C3226 SH3702 R3703 C3703 D3701
SH353 R210 R221 37 25
Q416
C449
R3762
C3761
CR411
C435
R212 C459
L3221
C3732
F501
R217
C3239
L3701
C225
C3229 C3701 R209 E400
R317
C535 C466 C215 R462
C3762
R216 R419
R3704 C3702
C456 R411
R457
C308
R460 C310 U201
R461
C246
C244
2
C453
F501 24 13 1 C458 L304 R307 R409
L410
1
75 R318 C226
C3709 C3704
CR301 R204
12 100
U410
SH3301 25
Q416
R309 C303 C317

C435
C305 C434
S501
C302
R432
C459
D3702
C
C3755
C
C3323 C3339 C3337 1
C3316
U302
C3322 CR501 13 L411
C3324 C503 R462 D201
C220
C218
R3314
R315 R223
FL301
R3315
CR3302 E400
L301
D3301 R3303 R457
C3301
C3321
L3308
8 C3315 Q302
R3727
C453
C3727
U3701
C240
C3317 R3702 R411 R222
R419
C318
L410
R461 R409 L303 R314
C3708 C162 R200
VR502
C213 C222
U410
R3306
R3307
C3302 C3303 C3305 R3324 R3705 C456 C300 C163
C C C3304 C3705 R432 C301
R310
S501
CR300
1 C434 L411 C164
R306
CR3301 C3336 C3726 C3734
L302
R424
R473
R413
C419
C420
C421
36 48
Q3301
R3301 RT3301 R312 C479
C448
E101
C3325
R445
C422
R3726 SH250
C3733
L3731
R400
C528
L3301 L3303 37
R3319
R3304
C306 R472 C475 C442
4 2 C481
C282 C291
C407
R3320
R425
C447
R423
C160 C161
C3326 R3305
L261
SH301
C419
C420
20
C421
R413
VR445
C3725 C416
C448
SH403
C422
R431
L262
R104 C271
R449
R424 SH102
R445 C479 R475
C279
C278
R400 3 2 1 C273 25 VR446
R261 C265
C276 37
U250
R472
SH3802 R3803 C475 C483
C3805
C407
C153
C152
C266
C136 C135 20 11
R262
C277
C3802
L3519 C481 CR252
R425
C3516 R3519 C3823 C3827 R3830
C107
R3801 C416 C447 VR448
C287
R473 C125
4 Q101 8
C3813
C3508 R3812 R423 C148
C3803
R264 C267
U404 U420
R3807
R3829
CR251
R431 C442 C138 C445
10
R475
C154 C117
CR253
11
C477
R449
C3509 C268
L259
C408
9
C3507 R3804
17
C3801 C447 1
R3826
C3564 C3506 36 25 C484 C132 R255 C255 C409
R3562
C3515 10
Q3561
1 20
Q3801
5 6 7
VR432
24
L256
U3503
37
L3801
C256 R263
C3815 1
U102
R3825
C3566
R3563
C410
R3808
C130 L263 13
20 11 C105 L253
VR448
R108
R102 C155
R3831 C126
R3824 C3821
R3561
C405
C411
R434
C139
C451
C450
C286
L3816
R113
1
R3802
U3801 C408 U404
25
Q251
R3567 R3570 U420 C445
J101 C254
C3804
C3561 C134 R254
C452
32 25 R3832
VR433
C104 3 C476
R101
C158
L3826 C149 R271
1 24 C409
VR432
10 L250 Q410
R251
C415
R3564 1
C414
J3501 H3501 48 R116 R117 R115 C290 R269
C412
C430 4
C410 13
L3809 C3808
10 11 R471
C3562 1 12 C145 C156 U103
R3805 C446
R3806
R3569
4 U3502 R3816 C478
C3811 L3811
C3563 C3806 C3816 R434 C146 C157 SH403
C3818 C450
C3810
J3502 R3818 R3817 R436 C415 C451
R3565
C452
C411
VR433
C3526 C3569 R3566 8 C3812 L3813 C414 3 1 C476 M100 M300 M401
17 L3812 C430
R3811
3 C3565
C3809
9 16 4 5
TP3502 C440
2 R3571
L3523 Q410
C3560 R471
R3573 R3572 C3568
3-6
ZWG0130073-B
Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Board 3-7
3.2 Removing and Reinstalling the Circuit Board

Both the UHF and VHF circuit boards are removed from the radio chassis in the following manner:
1. Refer to the Basic Service Manual (see Chapter 1 - Related Documents) for radio disassembly,
then use a Torx driver and a T-6 bit to remove the four Torx screws shown in Figure 3-2.
2. Lift the circuit board out of the radio chassis, then remove and discard the thermal pad located
between the circuit board and chassis.
3. After repairs, replace the thermal pad (Motorola P/N 7580556Z01) then reinstall the circuit board
into the radio chassis.
4. Reinstall and tighten the four Torx screws to secure the circuit board to the chassis.
5. Refer to the Basic Service Manual to reassemble the radio.
T-6 Torx screw locations
SH400 R410
E407
C423
E409
E408
R437 PB503 PB502 PB504 PB501

32 17
C505
R418
VR440 C521
VR444
3 SH323 R300
C502
R352
8 21
FL201 C397
B504
B503
R351
R314 RT301
R334
R507
SH321 R321 CR310
R316
FL301
C328 R335 C362 C363 VR501
C325
VR300
U405 TP201 L332
U406
R320
R338
L325
C364
R322
R326
C432
C391
J400 R325 R506
C385
C354
R324
C351 C353 C384
R319
C352
RT300
C324
C323
U247
C294
R345
R346
SH201 Q316 R355
1 C220 L311 Q505
7 22 C349
C235
C291
Q320 C350
Radio
R505
R327
L203 R318 Q315
C426 C425
C217
C260 C512 C513

1 C396 Q502
L202
L201
16 SH303
C322
5
Q210 C333
C228
R310
SH301
C229
R255
3
4
4
R309
chassis
TP302 L310 R317
U407
C331
40 C429 3 R308
C297
R428 R256 C203 R336
R502
T302
R429
C304
C214
CR308
TP401 R348
R478
6
8
L302
Q260
C308 CR302
4
C305
C424
6
C230
R492
CR201
C427 C428
C381
TP402 R408 L232 3 4
T301
C233
C375
C292 TP202 C319 CR503

C212
C511
C514
C210
C320
R435 C213 R302
L309 2
4
3
C238
C303
C257 C211 R501
C443 C444 RT400 R301
R342
VR443
CR301
TP410 C520
C302
SH401
VR447
L401
L301
R447
C301
R448
SH241
C247 C248
C480
C482
Q261
VR449
C473 C251 C273

C289
Q403
SH101
3
4
R248
C120
C472 L282
R446
R260
21
C286
C471
C121
PB505
C253 C115
CR440
R481
R416
1
C285
L160 R103 2
L109
C497 Q405 Q241 C116 SH100

C467
R253
R243
C160 R108 C119

C496 3 Q110 C107
C402
C118
R106
R107
CR102
R104
R120
C495 4
C271
3
C370 C272
R450
L243
L108
C117
L271
C494 C127 R173

4 C403 L253 L104
J403
C493
C103
8
U101
L116
C171
C276
U400
C104
R171
C400
R406
R403
C490 R407 R476 1

3 L102 L101 C140
5 8 L273
R477 C106
R427 3
L115
C491
3
4
R401
C113
9 C102
R339 C386
16
Q417
R402
Q400
L107
C374
C441
L321
R333
20
CR412
R161
C492 R405 CR101

C110
C401
C101
C114
C141
C129 C165
22
L105
C125
C122
CR413
C161 C112 C109

C166
R421
L113
VR450 L114 L106

C169
VR434
C131
L400
C111
TP406 TP415
TP405
Figure 3-2:Circuit Board Removal and Reinstallation
3.3 Power Up Self-Test Error Codes

Turning on the radio starts a self-test routine that checks the RAM, ROM checksum, EEPROM
hardware and EEPROM checksum. If these checks are successful, the radio generates two high-
pitched self-test pass tones. If the self-test is not successful, one low-pitched tone is heard. Radios
with displays are able to display the error codes. The displayed error codes and related corrections
are as follows:
If the error code Then, there is

To correct the problem ...
displayed is ... a ...
“RAM TST ERROR” RAM test failure. retest the radio by turning it off and turning it on again. If
message reoccurs, replace RAM (U405).
“ROM CS ERROR” wrong ROM replace ROM (U406).

checksum.
“EEPRM HW ERROR” codeplug structure reprogram codeplug with correct version and retest
mismatch or non radio. If message reoccurs, replace EEPROM (U407).
existence of
codeplug.
“EEPRM CS ERROR” wrong codeplug reprogram codeplug.

checksum.
3-8 Power Up Self-Test Error Codes
If the error code Then, there is

To correct the problem ...
displayed is ... a ...
No Display improperly connected check connection between main board and display
display module or module or replace with new display module.
damaged display
module.
For LTR Models:
Then, there is
If the error code To correct the problem ...
a ...
displayed is ...
ESN BAD defective PTCB return to factory for PTCB replacement.

AppCode Fail defective PTCB reflash PTCB firmware.
firmware
EER: Watchdog firmware failure restart radio
Unprogrammed programming error use CPS to properly program radio and PTCB.
ERROR: NO PTG no primary talk group use CPS to program zone with a Primary Talk Group.
Backdoor --- turn radio off and restart.

UHF Troubleshooting Charts 3-9
3.4 UHF Troubleshooting Charts

MCU Check
PTT
Press PTT. Red

LED does not
light up Power Up Before replacing
INT YES Not able to pro- MCU, check SPI
AUDIO Alert Tone gram RF Board
Audio at YES clock, SPI data,
J403 Audio NO AudioPA
OK? ICs and RF IC select
at Pin 2 & (U420)
Pin 3 input NO
PTT U409 NO
Check Pin 53
Audio PA low?
YES
(U420)
Speaker NO Replace
NO YES Check
OK? Speaker
PB504
Check Spk. Audio from Pin 41
Flex Connec- ASFIC, U404?
Press PTT YES
Q502-2 YES
NO
High?
No YES NO Check
Check NO U409 EXTAL= Read Radio
Audio at Check Setup
U301 7.3728 MHz? OK?
Pin 2 Q502-2
LV ZIF U404? voltage
YES Reprogram the
YES NO
correct data.
Check YES LED
LED should
ASFIC U404 Q502,R501
EXT light up NO See FGU
OK? U201 Pin 19
PTT
16.8 MHz Troubleshooting
Radio could
not PTT No
externally
Replace YES
Faulty
Component
J403 NO 7.5V at
NO
OPT_SEL_1 & Check 5V at U247? Pin 3/5 U247? NO Check
OPT_SEL_2 Accessories 3.3V at U248? 4/3.3V at Pin 1 Q400
Pin 8 & 9 U248
low?
YES YES Replace
EXT YES U409 YES Check U247/U248
SPKR Pin 52, 6
J403 Pin 9 low? NO low?
MCU
Pin 8 high? U409 Reset Pin NO Check any short
94 High? to SWB+,
Check NO Vdda or Vddd
See FGU
Accessories
YES Troubleshoot-
ing chart
YES
MCU is OK
ASFIC U404 NO Check
Pin 14 & 15 U404
high?
YES
Check
U420 Audio PA
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller

3-10 UHF Troubleshooting Charts
START
Bad SINAD
Bad 20dB Quieting
No Recovered Audio
Audio at pin Yes

Check Controller
27 of U301?
No
Induce or inject 1st IF into

XTAL Filter
IF Freq: 45.1MHz A
Check Q320 bias

Yes circuitry for faults
B Audio heard?
Rotate Freq. Knob

No
Check 2nd LO Control

Voltage at C363 No Activity on
U301 sel pin?
Yes
B VCO locked?
Check controller
Yes
No
Before replacing U301, check 2nd

VCO Q320. Check VCO O/P level,
No 16.8 MHz
Check FGU C351, C352
check at pin
22 U301?
Yes
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Receiver (Sheet 1 of 2)

Inject RF into J101
Trace IF signal
Yes from L311 to Q302 collec-
IF Signal tor OK? Yes
at L311? Q302. Check for
bad XTAL filter IF signal
present?
Before replacing
No
U301, check
U301 voltages;
Yes No No
1st LO O/P trace IF signal
RF Signal at OK? Check FGU path
T301? Locked?
Check T301, T302,
No CR306, R308, R309,
Yes
R310
Yes
Check filter between
RF Signal at Yes
C310 & T301 Check for 2.6
C310? A
VDC
No
No
Yes
RF Signal at Check RF amp (Q301)
C307? Stage
No or Is R5 Yes
weak RF A
present?
Yes C301 & C307; program
RF Signal at filter to schematic test
C301? freq and check varactor No
voltages
Check Q210, U201
No (pin 48) voltages and
Check harmonic filter L101 & L102 and U247
antenna switch CR101, CR102, L104 Are varactor Yes
voltages OK? Check varactor filter
No
Check U404 voltage.

U404 can be selected by
MCU before replacing
U404

START
No Power
Is There B+ No
Bias for Ant Check Q111
Yes switch
Yes No Low
Is Control Volt- Check PCIC
Is Current
age High or Low
OK?
High
Check Drive to
Module
1. Check Pin Diodes

2. Check Harmonic Filter
Is Drive No
OK? Troubleshoot
Inspect/Repair Tx. VCO
Output Network Yes
Inspect PA Network/
Check Power Out of
U101 at Cap C160
No
Is Power
OK?
Yes Is Power
Yes OK?
Done No
Done
Replace U101
Is Power
Yes OK?
Done No
Replace Q101
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Transmitter

3.3V at U201 NO Check U248,

Start L201 & L202
pins 5, 20, 34
& 36
Visual YES
Check CR201, Correct NO
check of the
U210, U211, C258, Problem Board OK?
C259 & C228
YES
YES
Is
5V NO Is U201 Pin Is 16.8MHz NO 16.8MHz
at pin 6 of Replace
47 Signal at signal at
CR201 U201
U201 Pin 19? U201 pin YES
YES
+5V at U201 23?
NO NO
Pin’s
YES 13 & 30? NO
Check
L202 Check Q260,
Q261 & R260 YES Check FL201, C206,
Check 5V
Regulator C207, C208, CR203
& R204
Are signals NO
Is U241 Pin 19 NO
at Pin’s 14 & Are Waveforms NO
<0.7 VDC in RX &
15 of U201? at Pins 14 & 15
>4.3 VDC in TX?
triangular?
YES
YES
YES
U201 pin 2 at YES
NO Do Pins 7,8 & 9
>3V in Tx and
of U201 toggle
<0.7V in Rx
when channel is
changed?
Check programming
NO lines between U409
Is U201 Pin NO Is there a short YES
NO and U201 Pins 7,8 & 9
Replace U201 between Pin 47 and
18
Pins 14 & 15 of
U201?
YES NO
Is information
YES from mP U409
Remove
correct?
Shorts
Check uP U409
Troubleshooting
Chart YES
NO If L261, C263 & C264

Is RF level at
are OK, then see VCO
U201 Pin 32
troubleshooting chart Replace U201
>-30 dBm?
YES
Replace or
Are R231,R232, NO resolder
R233,C231,C232, necessary
& C233 OK? components
YES
Replace U201
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer

START
Change
U241
No
Yes
Yes Change No LO?
L253 O/C? A
L253
No
Yes
No Pin 10 Yes No
TRB = 5V? Tx Carrier?
>1V?
Yes
No
VCO OK
Check R245 for dry
joint or faulty
AUX 3 Check
High? R260
No
Check U201
Pin 2 for 3.2V Change
A L243
Yes
V ctrl 0V
or 13V? Yes
Pin 19 Yes L243 Open
=0V Circuit?
No No
Check for faulty parts or dry Change
No
joints of L271, L273, C370, U241
C386, R339 & L320
AUX 4
High?
No
Change
U201
Yes
Change
Q261
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO

VHF Troubleshooting Charts 3-15
3.5 VHF Troubleshooting Charts

MCU Check
PTT
Press PTT. Red

LED does not
light up Before replacing
INT Power Up YES Not able to pro- MCU, check SPI
AUDIO Audio at Alert Tone gram RF Board
NO YES clock, SPI data,
J403 Audio AudioPA OK? ICs and RF IC select
at Pin 2 & (U420)
Pin 3 input NO
PTT U409 NO
Check Pin 53
Audio PA low?
YES
(U420)
Speaker NO Replace
NO YES Check
OK? Speaker
PB504
Press PTT YES
Q502-2 YES
NO
High?
No YES NO Check
U3220 7.3728 MHz? OK?
Pin 2 Q502-2
YES Reprogram the
YES NO
correct data.
Check YES LED
LED should
ASFIC U404 Q502,R501
OK? U3701 Pin 19
PTT
16.8 MHz Troubleshooting
Radio could
not PTT No
externally
Replace
Faulty YES
Component
J403 NO 7.5V at
NO
OPT_SEL_1 & Check 5V at U3711? Pin 3/5 U3711? NO Check
OPT_SEL_2 Accessories 3.3V at U3201? 7.5V at Pin 1 Q400
Pin 8 & 9 U3201
low?
YES YES Replace
SPKR Pin 52, 6
MCU
94 High? to SWB+,
See FGU
Accessories
YES Troubleshoot-
ing chart
YES
MCU is OK
ASFIC U404 NO Check
Pin 14 & 15 U404
high?
YES
Check
U420 Audio PA

3-16 VHF Troubleshooting Charts
START
Bad SINAD
Bad 20dB Quieting
No Recovered Audio
Audio at pin Yes

Check Controller
27 of U3220?
No
Induce or inject 1st IF into

XTAL Filter
IF Freq: 45.1MHz A
Check Q3270 bias

Yes circuitry for faults.
B Audio heard?
Rotate Freq. Knob

No

Voltage at C3279
No Activity on
U3220 sel
pin?
Yes
B VCO locked?
Check controller.
Yes
No

16.8 MHz VCO Q3270. Check VCO O/P level,
No C3272, C3273.
Check FGU check at pin
21 U3220?
Yes

Inject RF into J3501
Trace IF signal
Yes from C3200 to Q3200 collec-
IF Signal at tor OK? Yes
C3200? Q3200. Check for
bad XTAL filter. IF signal
present?
Before replacing
No
U3220, check
U3220 volt-
Yes No No
1st LO O/P ages; trace IF
RF Signal at OK? Check FGU signal path
T3301? Locked?
Check T3301, T3302,
No CR3301, R3321, R3322,
Yes
R3323
Yes
RF Signal at Yes
C3313 & T3301 Check for 2.9
R3313? A
VDC
No
No
Yes
C3306? Stage.
No or Is R5 Yes
weak RF A
present?
Yes C3302 & C3306; pro-
RF Signal at gram filter to schematic
C3302? test freq and check var- No
actor voltages
Check Q3721,
No U3701 (pin 48) volt-
Check harmonic filter L3531 & L3532, ages and U247
C3532 and ant. switches D3521, D3551, Are varactor Yes
L3551, R3551, C3551, C3552, L3552 voltages OK? Check varactor filter
No
Check U404 voltage and if

U404 can be selected by
MCU before replacing U404

START
No Power
Is There B+ No
Check
Bias for Ant Q3561
Yes switch
Yes No Low
Is Current Is Control Volt- Check PCIC
OK? age High or Low
High
Check Drive to
Module
1. Check Pin Diodes

Is Drive No
OK? Troubleshoot
Inspect/Repair Tx. VCO
Output Network Yes
Inspect PA Network/
Check Power Out of
U3501 at Cap C3512
Is Power No
OK?
Is Power
Yes OK?
Yes
Done No
Done
Replace U3501
Is Power
OK?
Yes
Done No
Replace Q3501

3.3V at U3701 NO Check U3201,

Start L3731
pins 5, 20, 34
& 36
Visual YES
Check D3701, Correct NO
check of the
D3702, U3701, Problem Board OK?
C3701 - C3707
YES
YES
Is
5V NO Is U3701 Pin 47 Is 16.8MHz NO 16.8MHz
at pin 6 of Replace
AT = 13 VDC Signal at signal at
D3701 U3701
U3701 Pin U3701 pin YES
+5V at YES
23?
NO NO U3701
YES Pin’s NO
13 & 30?
Check
Check Q260,
L3701, YES
Q261 & R260 Check 5V Check Y3761,
R3701
Regulator C3761, C3762,
C3763, D3761 &
R3761
Are signals NO
Is U3701 Pin 19 NO
at Pin’s 14 & Are Waveforms NO
<0.7 VDC in RX &
15 of U3701? at Pins 14 & 15
>4.3 VDC in TX?
triangular?
YES
YES
YES
U3701 pin 2 at YES
NO Do Pins 7,8 & 9
>3V in Tx and
of U3701 toggle
<0.7V in Rx
when channel is
changed?
Check programming
NO lines between U409
Is U3701 NO Is there a short YES
NO and U3701 Pins 7,8 & 9
Pin 18 AT Replace between Pin 47 and
4.54 VDC? U3701 Pins 14 & 15 of
U3701?
YES NO
Is information
YES from mP U409
Remove
correct?
Shorts
Check uP U409
Troubleshooting
Chart YES
NO If R3727, C3726 & C3727

Is RF level at
U3701 Pin 32
troubleshooting chart Replace
>-30 dBm?
U3701
YES
Are C3721, Replace or

C3722,C3723, NO resolder
R3721, R3722, necessary
R3723 OK? components
YES
Replace
U3701

START
Change
U3801
No
L3831,
L3832, Yes Change Yes
L3833 O/ L3831, L3832 No LO? A
C?
No
Yes
No Pin 10 Yes No
TRB = 3.2V? Tx Carrier?
>1V?
Yes
No
VCO OK
Check R3811,
L3811 for dry joint
Yes
or faulty AUX 3 Check
High? R3829
No
Change
Check U3701 L3821,
Pin 2 for 3.2V L3822,
L3823,L243
A
Yes
V ctrl 0V
or 13V? Yes L3821,
Pin 19 Yes L3822,
=0V L3823 Open No
No
Circuit?
Check for faulty parts or dry
No
joints of L3812 C3806, Change
R3806, R3802 & L3801 U3801
AUX 3
Low?
No
Change
U3701
Yes
Change
U3801

Low Band Troubleshooting Charts 3-21
3.6 Low Band Troubleshooting Charts
MCU Check
PTT
Press PTT. Red

LED does not
light up Power Up Before replacing
INT YES Not able to pro- MCU, check SPI
AUDIO Alert Tone gram RF Board
NO Audio at YES clock, SPI data,
OK? ICs
J403 Audio AudioPA and RF IC select
at Pin 2 & (U420)
Pin 3 input NO
PTT U409 NO
Check Pin 53
Audio PA low?
YES
(U420)
Speaker NO Replace
NO YES Check
OK? Speaker
PB504
Press PTT YES
CR502-2 YES
NO
High?
No YES NO Check
U303 7.3728 MHz? OK?
Pin 2 CR502-2
NO YES Reprogram the

YES correct data.
Check YES LED,
LED should
ASFIC U404 CR502,R501
OK? U205 Pin 19
PTT
17.0MHz Troubleshooting
Radio could
not PTT No
externally
Replace YES
Faulty
Component
J403 NO 7.5V at
NO 5V at U204? NO Check
OPT_SEL_1 & Check Pin 5 U204?
OPT_SEL_2 Accessories 3.3V at U400? 7.5V at Pin 8 Q400
Pin 8 & 9 U400
low?
YES YES Replace
SPKR Pin 52, 6
MCU
94 High? to SWB+,
See FGU
Accessories
YES Troubleshoot-
ing chart
YES
MCU is OK
ASFIC U404 NO Check
Pin 14 & 15 U404
high?
YES
Check
U420 Audio PA

3-22 Low Band Troubleshooting Charts
START
Bad SINAD
Bad 20dB Quieting
No Recovered Audio
Audio at pin Yes

Check Controller
27 of U303?
No
Spray of inject 1st IF into

XTAL Filter
IF Freq: 109.65 MHz A
Check Q301 bias

Yes circuitry for faults.
B Audio heard?
Rotate Freq. Knob

No

Voltage at C308
No Activity on
U303 sel pin?
Yes
B VCO locked?
Check controller.
Yes
No

VCO Q301. Check VCO O/P level,
No 17.0 MHz
Check FGU C315, C316
check at pin
22 U303?
Yes

Inject RF into J101
Trace IF signal
IF Signal at Yes from L301 to U301 drain
OK? Yes
L301? U301. Check for
bad XTAL filter IF signal
present?
Before replacing
No
U303, check
U303 voltages;
Yes 1st LO O/P No No
RF Signal at trace IF signal
310OK? Check FGU path
T501?
Locked?
Check T501, T502,
No D501, R507, R508,
Yes
R509,C516,L508
RF Signal Yes
at collector Yes
Q509& T301 Biaising on
Q509? A
U301 OK?
No
No
Yes
Troubleshoot
C504? Stage
biasing, AGC
No or circuits and U301
weak RF
Yes Check filter between

RF Signal at C147 & C504
C147?
No
Check transmit harmonic filter, antenna
switch and J101

START
No Power
Yes No Is control voltage No

Is Current at U101 Pin 1 > 5 Check PCIC
~ 2 A?
Yes
Check input to
U101, Pin 16
1. Check Pin Diodes
3. Check PA Bias
Is voltage No Troubleshoot
> 1 Vpp? VCO
Inspect/Repair Tx.
Output Network Yes
Check level
U101, Pin 6
No
Is Power
OK? Yes No
Check components Is level Check components
around Q100 >5 Vpp? around U101
Yes
Done
No No Replace
Is Power Replace Is Power
OK? U101
OK? Q101
Yes Yes
Done Done

3.3V at U205 NO Check U200

Start and L225
pins 5, 20, 34
& 36
YES
NO Visual
Correct
Problem check of the
Board OK?
YES
Is
NO
Check C247, C249, Is 17.0 MHz NO 17.0MHz
Is U205 Pin Replace
C283, C284, C285, Signal at signal at
47 > 12V U205
C286, D210, D211, U205 Pin 19? U201 pin YES
YES
R285, and R286 +5V at U205 23?
NO
Pin’s
YES 13 & 30? YES NO
Check 5V Check Y201,CR211,

Regulator C236,C237,C242,
R219
YES Signals NO
at Pin 14 and
In receive, is
15 of U205?
Pin 1 < .7 V and Pin 2 > NO
3 Vplus in transmit is
Pin 1 > 3 V and Pin 2 <
.7 V?
NO Do Pins 7,8 & 9

of U205 toggle
YES when channel is
changed?
Check programming
lines between U409
NO YES
Is U205, pin and U205 Pins 7,8 & 9
Replace U205
18 at 4.54
VDC?
NO
Is information
YES from mP U409
correct?
Check uP U409
Troubleshooting
Chart YES
NO If R234, R238 & C297

Is RF level at
U205 Pin 32
>-30 dBm?
YES
Replace or
Are loop filter parts NO
R224,R225,R227,R resolder
necessary
228,R229,C256,C2
components
57,C259 and C260
OK?
YES
Replace U201

No TX LO or No No RX LO or No
signal at U205 Pin signal at U205 Pin
32 in TX 32 in RX
Check signal at Check signal at

collector of Q201 collector of Q201
Check L204, L211, L212, Yes Level >

Level > Yes L215, C221, C228, C229, +10 dBm?
+2 dBm C230,C231, C235,C297,
R204, R234, R238
No No
Check signal at
Check signal at
drain of Q202
drain of Q203
and Q204
Yes Replace Q201 Yes

Level > Level >
-3 dBm? +7 dBm?
No No
Check C215, C216, Check DC volt-

L207, L208, L209, age across R203
U203
Problem No No Level >

Replace Q203 Replace Q202
fixed? 500 mV ?
and Q204
Yes Yes
Done
Check C200, C202, C203,
C222, C223, L201, L203,
TR201, CR202

800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts 3-27
3.7 800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts

MCU Check
PTT
Press PTT. Red

LED does not light
INT up Before replacing MCU,
Power Up YES Not able to pro-
AUDIO Audio at Alert Tone
check SPI clock, SPI
NO Audio PA (U420) YES gram RF Board data, and RF IC select
J403 Audio at OK?
input ICs
Pin 2 & Pin 3
(U447)
PTT U409 Pin NO

NO
YES 53
Check low?
Audio PA
(U420)
Speaker NO Replace Speaker
NO YES Check
OK?
PB504
Check Spk. Flex Audio from Pin 41
Connection ASFIC, U404?
Press PTT YES
Q502-2 High? YES
NO
No YES
U409 EXTAL=
NO Check Setup
Check U351 NO Audio at Read Radio OK?
Check 7.3728 MHz?
LV ZIF Pin 2 Q502-2 volt-
U404? age
YES Reprogram the

YES NO
correct data.
Check ASFIC YES LED

LED should Q502,R501
U404 light up
EXT OK? NO See FGU
U201 Pin 19
PTT Troubleshooting
16.8 MHz
Radio could
not PTT No
externally
Replace Faulty
Component YES
J403 OPT_SEL_1 & 7.5V at

NO NO NO Check Q400
OPT_SEL_2 Check 5V at U247? Pin 3/5 U247?
Pin 8 & 9 Accessories 3.3V at U248? 4/3.3V at Pin 1
low? U248
YES YES Replace

YES U409 YES U247/U248
EXT Check MCU
Pin 52, 6 low?
SPKR J403 Pin 9 low? Pin NO
8 high? Check any short to
U409 Reset NO
Pin 94 High? SWB+,
Check Vdda or Vddd
Accessories
NO See FGU
Troubleshooting
YES chart
YES
MCU is OK
ASFIC U404 Pin 14 NO Check
& 15 high? U404
YES
Check
U420 Audio PA

3-28 800 MHz Troubleshooting Charts
START
Bad SINAD
Bad 20dB Quieting
No Recovered Audio
Audio at Yes
pin 27 of Check Controller
U351?
No
Spray or inject 1st IF into XTAL

Filter
Check Q350 bias cir-

Yes cuitry for faults
B Audio heard?
Rotate Freq. Knob

No

Voltage at R365
No Activity
on U351
pin 19?
Yes
B VCO locked?
Check controller
Yes
No
Before replacing U351, check

2nd VCO Q350. Check VCO O/P
No 16.8 MHz level, C385, C387
21 of U351?
Yes

Inject RF into J101
Trace IF signal from Is the level of the

Yes L353 to U352.
IF Signal at IF signal of the
Yes
L353? Check for bad XTAL output of U352 as
filter. indicated?
Before replacing
No
U351, check U351
voltages; trace IF
signal path.
No
RF Signal at Yes No
1st LO O/P
pin 8 of U301? OK? Check FGU
Locked?
Check U301, R320,

Yes R321, R322
No
Is the biasing of Yes
Yes U352 OK? A
RF Signal at Replace filter
C317? FL301
No
No or
weak RF
Are the AGC Is R5 present? Yes Replace

Yes Yes
voltages U352.
RF Signal at Check RF amp
without RF
CR300? (Q302) Stage.
as indi-
cated?
No or No
weak RF
No Check Q210, U201
Yes (pin 48) voltages
Check U302,
RF Signal at Replace and U247
U350, and CR301
the input of FL300.
FL300?
No
Check harmonic filter L101 &

L102 CR101, CR102, and
CR300

START
Low Power No Power out or Low No Power

Power
Is overall radio
No current between Yes
0.8 and 1.3 A
when transmit-
ting?
No Is there a
Is the fuse No
Replace F501 short circuit
F501 OK? Check L101, L102, C101,
after C113?
CR101 for open circuit
Yes
Yes
Is the voltage
at pin 4 of No
Replace Find and remove
U102 U102 short circuit from
between 2V
antenna switch or
and 5.6V?
harmonic filter
Yes
Is the voltage
No at R105 and
Replace
C116 between
Q101
1.8V and
2.2V? Is the voltage
at pin 32 of No
U102 between
6V and 9V?
Yes
Yes
Is the voltage at
Replace No
pins 6, 5, 8, 9 of
U101 U101 between
Is the voltage
5.5V and 7.5V?
at pin 24 of
U102 between No
2V and 5V for
Yes High Power, 0V
for Low Power?
Troubleshoot VCO
Yes


Start & L202
pins 5, 20, 34
& 36
Visual YES
Check D201, D202, Correct NO
check of the
C244, C245, C246 & Problem Board OK?
C247.
YES
YES
Is
5V NO Is U201 Pin 47 Is 16.8MHz NO 16.8MHz
at pin 6 of Replace
D201 U201
YES
+5V at U201 23?
NO NO
Pin’s
YES 13 & 30? NO
YES
Check
L200
Check 5V Check FL201, C235,
Regulator C237, C236, CR203
& R211.
Are the
waveforms NO
at Pin’s 14
&15 of U201 NO
Are Waveforms
rectangular?
at Pins 14 & 15
triangular?
YES
YES
NO Do Pins 7,8 & 9

of U201 toggle
when channel is
changed?
Check programming
lines between U409
NO Is there a short YES
Is U201 Pin 28 NO and U201 Pins 7,8 & 9
Replace U201 between Pin 47 and
at 4.6 VDC?
Pins 14 & 15 of
U201?
YES NO
Is information
YES
Remove from µP U409
Shorts correct?
Check uP U409
Troubleshooting
Chart YES
If L203, C227 & C228
Is RF level at NO
U201 Pin 32
as indicated?
YES
Are C226, R209, Replace or

R210, L204, C231, NO resolder
C220, C225, C218, defective
R216, and R217 OK? components
YES
Replace U201

START
VCO is OK.
Yes Is Tx signal Yes Is LO signal No
present at the PA present at the
driver IC, U101? mixer IC U301?
No No
Resolder or Is resonator IC
replace U205. U205 soldered
OK?
No
Is resonator Resolder or
IC U206 sol- replace U206.
dered OK?
Yes
Is the 4.6V No
Yes Check the 4.6V
VSF voltage biasing circuitry
present at pins and pin 28 of U201.
3, 18, & 14 of
Check the 4.6V No Is the 4.6V U250?
biasing circuitry VSF voltage
and pin 28 of U201. present at pins
3, 18, & 14 of Yes
U250? Troubleshoot the
Synthesizer.
Troubleshoot the
Yes No
Synthesizer.
Is TRB pin 19
No of U250 low?
Is pin 3
No
Is TRB pin 19 (AUX4) of
of U250 high? U250 low?
Is pin 2 No
(AUX3) of Yes
U201 high?
Yes
Yes
No Is the 1.9V Check Q252 and
Yes Replace U250. present at Q200.
R265 as indi-
Check Q252 and Is the 1.9V No cated?
Q200. present at Replace U250.
R266 as indi- Replace U250.
cated?
Yes
Replace U250.
No
Yes
No
Is the steering Yes Is the PRESC
line voltage RF level at
VCTRL 0V or C227 as indi-
Is the PRESC Yes Is the steering 13V? cated?
RF level at line voltage
C227 as indi- VCTRL 0V or
cated? 13V? Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Is the LO RF Replace U250.
level at C253
about 0dBm?
No Is the Tx RF
Replace U250.
level at C254
about 0dBm?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Are the bias
Rx VCO OK.
voltages of
Q304 as indi-
Yes No cated?
Tx VCO OK. Are the bias Check Q251 and its
voltages of bias circuitry.
Q251 as indi-
cated? No
Check Q304 and its

bias circuitry.
PassPort Trunking Troubleshooting Chart 3-33
3.8 PassPort Trunking Troubleshooting Chart
Start
Check Radio Operation on a

Non PassPort Zone with a
Conventional Personality without
the Option Board Enabled
No
OK?
Yes
Check Radio PassPort

Programming using CPS
Check Switched Battery

and Vdd from Radio on PTCB
No
OK?
Yes
Check Radio PassPort

Programming using CPS
Yes
Rx Demod No
on
J601-6?
Yes
Install and Reprogram a No Tx Mod

on Yes Repair Radio
new PassPort Trunking J601-10?
Controller Board
3-34 Keypad Troubleshooting Chart
3.9 Keypad Troubleshooting Chart
Disconnect and OFF ON

reconnect 18-pin Display End
flex
IF STILL
START OFF
Disconnect and OFF ON

reconnect 40-pin Keypad
flex LED
3.10 900 MHz Troubleshooting Charts
PTT
Press PTT. Red

LED does not light
INT up.
AUDIO Audio at
NO Audio PA (U420) YES
J403 Audio at
Pin 2 & Pin 3. input
(C447).
PTT U409 Pin NO

YES 53
Check low?
Audio PA
(U420).
NO YES Check
PB504.
Check Spk. Flex Audio from Pin 41
Connection. ASFIC, U404?
Press PTT YES
Q502-2 High?
NO
No
YES Audio at Check
Pin 2 Q502-2
U404? voltage.
YES
YES
Check ASFIC YES LED
Audio from Pin F4, LED should Q502,R501
U404. light up.
HC, U851? EXT OK?
PTT
Radio could
NO not PTT No
externally.
Replace Faulty
Component.
NO Audio at
Pin E4
U851? J403
OPT_SEL_1 & NO
Check
OPT_SEL_2 Accessories.
Pin 8 & 9
YES low?
Check HC
U851. YES U409 YES
EXT Check MCU.
Pin 52, 6 low?
SPKR NO
J403 Pin 9 low?
Pin 8 high?
Check U351
LV ZIF. Check
Accessories
NO See FGU
Troubleshooting
YES chart.
ASFIC U404 Pin NO Check

14 & 15 high? U404.
YES
Check
U420 Audio PA.
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller (Sheet 1 of 2)

MCU Check.
Before replacing MCU,

Power Up YES Not able to pro- check SPI clock, SPI
Alert Tone gram RF Board data, and RF IC
OK? ICs. select.
NO
Speaker NO Replace Speaker.

OK?
YES
YES NO Check
U409 EXTAL= Read Radio OK? Setup.
7.3728 MHz?
YES Reprogram the

NO
correct data.
U201 Pin 19
NO See FGU
16.8 MHz. Troubleshooting.
YES
NO 7.5V at
5V at U202? Pin 3/5 U202? NO Check Q400.
3.3V at U203? 4/3.3V at Pin 1
U203.
YES YES Replace

U202/U203.
U409 Reset NO Check any short to

Pin 94 High? SWB+,
Vdda or Vddd.
YES
MCU is OK.
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Controller (Sheet 2 of 2)

START
Bad SINAD.
Bad 20dB Quieting.
No Recovered Audio.
Audio at Yes
pin 27 of Check Controller.
U351?
No
Spray or inject 1st IF into XTAL

Filter.
Check Q350 bias cir-

Yes cuitry for faults
B Audio heard?
Rotate Freq. Knob

No

Voltage at R365
No Activity
on U351
pin 19?
Yes
B VCO locked?
Check controller
Yes
No
Before replacing U351, check

2nd VCO Q350. Check VCO O/P
No 16.8 MHz level, C385, C387.
21 of U351?
Yes

Inject RF into J101.
Trace IF signal from Is the level of the

Yes L353 to U352.
IF Signal at IF signal of the
Yes
L353? Check for bad XTAL output of U352 as
filter indicated?
Before replacing
No
U351, check U351
voltages; trace IF
signal path
No
RF Signal at Yes No
1st LO O/P
pin 8 of U301? OK? Check FGU
Locked?
Check U301, R320,

Yes R321, R322.
No
Is the biasing of Yes
Yes U352 OK? A
RF Signal at Replace filter
C317? FL301
No
No or
weak RF
Are the AGC Is R5 present? Yes Replace

Yes Yes
voltages U352
RF Signal at Check RF amp
without RF
CR300? (Q302) Stage.
as indi-
cated?
No or No
weak RF
No Check Q210, U201
Yes (pin 48) voltages
Check U302,
RF Signal at Replace and U247
U350, and CR301
the input of FL300
FL300?
No
Check harmonic filter L101 &

L102 CR101, CR102, and
CR300

START
Low Power No Power out or Low No Power

Power.
Check C163,
Yes Is overall radio
C127, and Replace No current between Yes
C142 for open parts.
circuit. 0.8 and 1.3 A
when transmit-
ting?
No No Is there a
Replace Is the fuse No short circuit
F501 OK? Check L104, L105, C120,
F501. after C113?
CR101 for open circuit.
Yes
Yes
Is the voltage
at pin 4 of No
Replace Find and remove
U102 U102. short circuit from
between 2V
antenna switch or
and 5.6V?
harmonic filter.
Yes
Is the voltage
No at R105 and
Replace
C116 between
Q101
1.8V and
2.2V? Is the voltage
at pin 32 of No
U102 between
6V and 9V?
Yes
Yes
Is the voltage at
Replace No
pins 6, 5, 8, 9 of
U101. U101 between
Is the voltage
5.5V and 7.5V?
at pin 24 of
U102 between No
2V and 5V for
Yes High Power, 0V
for Low Power?
Troubleshoot VCO
Yes

START

Start & L202.
pins 5, 20, 34
VCO is OK.
Yes Is Tx signal Yes Is LO signal No & 36.
present at the PA present at the
driver IC, U101? mixer IC U301?
Visual YES
Check D201, D202, Correct NO
check of the
C244, C245, C246 & Problem. Board OK?
C247. No No
Resolder or Is resonator
replace U205. FL201 soldered
YES
YES OK?
No Is
5V NO Is resonator Resolder or
Is U201 Pin 47 Is 16.8MHz NO 16.8MHz
at pin 6 of FL202 replace U206. Replace
D201. soldered U201.
OK? YES Yes
+5V at U201 23?
NO NO
Pin’s
YES 13 & 30? NO
YES
Is the 4.6V No
Check Yes Check the 4.6V
L200. VSF voltage biasing circuitry
present at pins
Check 5V Check Y201, C235, pin 28 of U201.
and
3, 18, & 14 of
Regulator. C237, C236, CR203
Check the 4.6V No Is the 4.6V U250?
& R211.
biasing circuitry VSF voltage
Are the
and pin 28 of U201. present at pins
waveforms NO
3, 18, & 14 of Yes
at Pin’s 14 Troubleshoot the
U250?
&15 of U201 Are Waveforms NO Synthesizer.
rectangular? at Pins 14 & 15
Troubleshoot the
Yes triangular? No
Synthesizer.
YES
Is TRB pin 19
No YESof U250 low?
No Is pin 3
Is TRB pin 19
NO Do Pins 7,8 &(AUX4)
9 of
of U250 high? U250 low?
of U201 toggle
Is pin 2 No when channel is
(AUX3) of Yes changed?
U201 high?
Check programming Yes
Yes lines between U409
NO Is there a short YES
Is U201 Pin 28 Replace U201. NO No
and U201 Pins
Is the 7,8 & 9.
1.9V Check Q252 and
Yes at 4.6 VDC?
between Pin 47 Replace
and U250. present at Q200.
Pins 14 & 15 of
R265as indi-
Check Q252 and Is the 1.9V No U201?
cated?
Q200. present at Replace U250.
R266 as indi- YES NO Replace U250.
cated? Is information
YES
Remove Yes from µP U409
Replace U250. Shorts. correct? No
Yes Check uP U409

No Troubleshooting
Is the steering
Chart. Yes YES
Is the PRESC
If L203, C227 & C228 line voltage RF level at
Is RF level at NO VCTRL 0V or
are OK, then see VCO C227 as indi-
U201 Pin 32
Is the PRESC Yes Is the steering 13V?
as indicated?
troubleshooting chart. Replace U201 cated?
RF level at line voltage
C227 as indi- VCTRL 0V or
cated? 13V? Yes
No
YES No
Yes
No
Is the LO RF Replace U250.
level at C253
Are C226, R209, No about 0dBm?
Is the Tx RF Replace or
R210,
Replace L204, C231,
U250. NO resolder
C801, C802, C803, level at C254
about 0dBm? defective
C804, C805, C225, components. Yes
C218, R216, and
R217 OK?
Yes
Yes
YES Are the bias
Rx VCO OK.
voltages of
Replace U201. Yes Q304 as indi-
No cated?
Are the bias Check Q251 and its
Tx VCO OK.
voltages of bias circuitry.
Q251 as indi-
cated? No
Check Q304 and its

bias circuitry.
Troubleshooting Flow Chart for VCO Troubleshooting Flow Chart for Synthesizer
4-1
Chapter 4
Schematic Diagrams, Overlays, and Parts Lists
4.1 Introduction
This chapter provides schematic diagrams, overlays, and parts lists for the radio circuit boards and
interface connections.
4.1.1 Notes For All Schematics and Circuit Boards

* Component is frequency sensitive. Refer to the Electrical Parts List for value and usage.
1. Unless otherwise stated, resistances are in Ohms (k = 1000), and capacitances are in picofarads
(pF) or microfarads (µF).
2. DC voltages are measured from point indicated to chassis ground using a Motorola DC multime-
ter or equivalent. Transmitter measurements should be made with a 1.2 µH choke in series with
the voltage probe to prevent circuit loading.
3. Reference Designators are assigned in the following manner:
100 Series = Transmitter
200 Series = Frequency Generation
300 Series = Receiver
400/500 Series = Controller and Low-Band Receiver Front End
600 Series = Keypad Board
4. Interconnect Tie Point Legend:
UNSWB+ = Unswitched Battery Voltage (7.5V)
SWB+ = Switched Battery Voltage (7.5V)
R5 = Receiver Five Volts
CLK = Clock
Vdda = Regulated 3.3 Volts (for analog)
Vddd = Regulated 3.3 Volts (for digital)
CSX = Chip Select Line (not for LVZIF)
SYN = Synthesizer
DACRX = Digital to Analog Voltage (For Receiver Front End Filter)
VSF = Voltage Super Filtered (5 volts)
VR = Voltage Regulator
4-2
SIDE 1
LAYER 1 (L1)
6-LAYER CIRCUIT
LAYER 2 (L2) BOARD DETAIL VIEWING
LAYER 3 (L3)
INNER LAYERS COPPER STEPS IN PROPER
LAYER 4 (L4)
LAYER SEQUENCE
LAYER 5 (L5)
LAYER 6 (L6)
SIDE 2
4.2 Flex Layout

40
<- TO KP
Front Metal
View from Top side
40
8480475Z02 REV A C 98
TO CTRL ->
J100
J200
Figure 4-1: Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex

4-3
4.2.1 Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Schematic
KEYPAD CONTROLLER
J100 J200
EXT_MIC 40 40 EXT_MIC
VS_CS 39 39 VS_CS
SW_B+ 38 38 SW_B+
Vddd 37 37 Vddd
VS_AUDSEL 36 36 VS_AUDSEL
Det_Aud_Snd 35 35 Det_Aud_Snd
Rx_Aud_Rtn 34 34 Rx_Aud_Rtn
Tx_Aud_Snd 33 33 Tx_Aud_Snd
Tx_Aud_Rtn 32 32 Tx_Aud_Rtn
Flat_Tx_Rtn 31 31 Flat_Tx_Rtn
Opt_Bd_En 30 30 Opt_Bd_En
Rdy/Req 29 29 Rdy/Req
Rx_Aud_Snd 28 28 Rx_Aud_Snd
ON 27 27 ON
INT_EXT_Vdd 26 26 INT_EXT_Vdd
Key_Row 25 25 Key_Row
Key_Col 24 24 Key_Col
PTT 23 23 PTT
KEY_INT 22 22 KEY_INT
VS_INT 21 21 VS_INT
RESET 20 20 RESET
LED_EN 19 19 LED_EN
OFF_BATT_DATA_OUT 18 18 OFF_BATT_DATA_OUT
VS_GAINSEL 17 17 VS_GAINSEL
SrD_Rtn (MISO) 16 16 SrD_Rtn (MISO)
SrD_Snd (DATA) 15 15 SrD_Snd (DATA)
R_W 14 14 R_W
LCD_SEL 13 13 LCD_SEL
DB0 12 12 DB0
DB1 11 11 DB1
DB2 10 10 DB2
DB3 9 9 DB3
DB4 8 8 DB4
DB5 7 7 DB5
DB6 6 6 DB6
DB7 5 5 DB7
A0 4 4 A0
SCK_Snd (CLK) 3 3 SCK_Snd (CLK)
VS_RAC 2 2 VS_RAC
Gnd 1 1 Gnd
FL0830765O
Figure 4-2: Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Schematic Diagram
4.2.2 Keypad-Controller Interconnect Flex Parts List
Reference Motorola Part

Description
Symbol No.
J100 0980521Z01 Connector, 40 pin
J200 0905505Y04 Speaker, 20 ohm
4-4
4.2.3 Universal Flex Connector
J403 20
FL0830768O
VIEWED FROM SIDE 1

c
B ver 30Z9450848
89
C402
J416
M401
J415
J414
J413
J412
J411
FL0830767O
J410
M400
J409 J408
J407
J406
J405
J404
Front Metal Back Metal

View From Top Side View From Top Side
Figure 4-3:Universal Flex Connector

4-5
4.2.4 Universal Connector Flex Schematic
M400
SPKR_20
J403
SPKR_20 20 PIN CONN
1 GND
2 INT_SPK+
13 PIN UNIVERSAL CONN 3 INT_SPK-
SPKR_20 4 EXT_SPKR+
EXT_SPKR+ J404
SPKR_20 5 EXT_SPK-
EXT_SPK- J405
OPT_B+30 6 DPT_B+
OPT_B+ J406
7 EXT_MIC
EXT_MIC J407
8 OPT_SEL_2
OPT_SEL_2 J408
9 OPT_SEL_1
OPT_SEL_1 J409
GND 10
J410 GND
RX_DATA 11
J411 RX_DATA
TX_DATA 12
J412 TX_DATA
13
GND
14
RSSI J413 RSSI
15
RX_AUDIO/TX_AUDIO J414 RX_AUDIO/TX_AUDIO
16
BOOT_CTRL J415 BOOT_CTRL
17
NC J416 NC
M401 18
MIC
1 19
GND
2 20
GND
C402
100pF
Figure 4-4: Universal Flex Connector Schematic Diagram
4.2.5 Universal Flex Connector Parts List
Reference
Motorola Part No. Description
Symbol
C402 2113740A55 Cap, 100pF
M400 5085962A02 Speaker, 20 ohm
M401 5013920A04 Microphone for 5000 and 7000 Series
M401 5005227J08 Microphone for 9000 Series
8480549Z01 Flex, Speaker Microphone
4-6
VIEWED FROM SIDE 2

VIEWED FROM SIDE 1
R615
R614
M604 M605 M606
R617
R616
D601 D602
R620
R610
R609
R608
R607
M607 M609
R621
M608
R602
R605
R603
R604
R626
R606
C614
J602
18 M610 M611 M612

4.2.6 Keypad Top and Bottom Overlays
D604 D605
Q603
R601
R631
R649
R647
C616
R619
R648
Top View
R618
M613 M614 M615
Bottom View
Q602 Q601
R630
R625
R611
R613
C609
R612
R644
R642
R640
R638
R628
R639
R641
R643
R645
M616 M617 M618
U602
D603 D606
Figure 4-5: Keypad Top and Bottom Board Overlays

R632
R629
R633
R622 R627
R634
C611
R637
C610
C615 R646
M619 M620 M621
2 40
J601
39
C612 C613
FL0830719O
FL0830720O

88C46-D PR DS PRO-port-1 Pro5150

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Professional Radio

SAFETY AND GENERAL INFORMATION

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON SAFE AND EFFICIENT OPERATION

PORTABLE RADIO OPERATION AND EME EXPOSURE

MAN WITH RADIO

SAFETY AND GENERAL

• POTENTIALLY EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES

• BLASTING CAPS AND AREAS

Intrinsically Safe Radio Information

WARNING: Do not operate radio communications equipment in a hazardous atmosphere

Repair of FMRC Approved Products

Do Not Substitute Options or Accessories

This page intentionally left blank.

Chapter 2 Theory of Operation

2.9 VHF Transmitter .......................................................................................................... 2-12

2.18.3 Automatic Gain Control Circuit .......................................................................................... 2-28

3.5 VHF Troubleshooting Charts ..................................................................................... 3-15

Chapter 4 Schematic Diagrams, Overlays, and Parts Lists

Figure 4-9:VHF/UHF Complete Controller Schematic Diagram...................................... 4-13

Figure 4-90:Low Band (29.7-42/35-50MHz) Frequency Generation

1.1 Scope of Manual

1.2 Warranty and Service Support

1.2.1 Warranty Period

1.2.2 Return Instructions

1.2.3 After Warranty Period

1.3 Related Documents

Title Part Number

Professional Radio Portable Level 1&2 Basic

1.4 Technical Support

1.4.1 Piece Parts Availability

Parts Order Entry To Order Parts in Latin America and the

1.5 Radio Model Chart and Specifications

1.6 Radio Model Information

Table 1-2 Radio Model Number

Type Model Freq. Power Physical Channel Feature Model Model

2.2 Radio Power Distribution

Prime Expansion Board

Tx MCU, ROM LCD FRACTN

Figure 2-1: DC Power Distribution Block Diagram

Table 2-1 VDD Regulator Scheme by Band

Low Band Dual

800 MHz Dual

900 MHz Dual

Table 2-2 Radio Jumpers

Dual Vdd Single Vdd

Figure 2-2: Keypad Block Diagram

2.4 Controller Board

Figure 2-3: Controller Block Diagram

2.4.1 MCU Digital

Table 2-3 Radio Memory Requirements

EXT RAM EEPROM

2.4.1 Real Time Clock

2.4.2 Circuit Description

R461 C435 R460

Figure 2-4: RTC Circuit

2.4.1 MODB/VSTBY Supply

Condition Circuit Operation

Radio On Vddd supply voltage via CR411

Radio Off • Vddd turned off

Primary battery removed • Vddd turned off

2.5 UHF Transmitter

Power Amplifier (PA)

PA PA Final Antenna Switch/