Singly- Reinforced Beam

Singly- Reinforced Beam

1. A reinforced concrete rectangular beam 300 mm wide has an effective depth of 460 mm
and is reinforced for tension only. Assuming f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 300 MPa, determine the
balance steel area in sq. mm.

Solution:

0.85 f ' c β1 (600)

[ ρ¿¿ b= ]¿
f y (600+ f y )

β 1=0.85 since , f ' c <30 MPa

0.85 ( 21 ) ( 0.85 ) (600)

ρb =
300(600+300)
ρb =¿ 0 .03372¿

[ A sb=ρb bd ]
A sb=0.03372 ( 300 ) (460)
A sb=4653 mm2

2. A rectangular beam reinforced for tension only has b = 300mm, d = 490 mm. The tension
steel area provided is 4, 500 sq.mm. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam in kN-
m. Assume f’c = 27 MPa , fy = 275 MPa.

Solution
As
ρ=
bd
4 ,500
¿
300(490)
ρ=0.03061
0.85 ( 27 )( 0.85 ) ( 600)
ρb =
275 ( 600+275 )
ρb =0 . 03061
0.85 ( 27 )( 0.85 ) ( 600)
ρb =
275(600+275)
ρb =0 . 04864>0.0306
Since ρ< ρb ,tension steel yields
ρfy
ω= '
f c
0.03061(275)
ω=
27
ω=0.3118
Ru=ω f ' c ( 1−0.59 ω )
Ru=0.3118(27) ( 1−0.59 ( 0.3118 ) )
Ru=6.87 MPa
M u=∅ Ru b d 2
M u=0.90 ( 6.87 )( 300 ) (490)2
¿ 445 , 361 , 490 N−mm
M u=445 . 4 kN −m

3. A rectangular beam has b = 300 mm and d = 480 mm. The beam is used to carry a
factored moment of 18 KN-m. Assume f’c = 27.6 Mpa and fy = 276 Mpa. Calculate the required
steel area.

Solution
Assuming singly reinforced beam:
[ M ¿¿ U =∅ R u b d2 ]¿
18 x 106 = 0.90 Ru (300)(480)2
Ru = 0.289
0.85 f ' c 2 Ru
[ ρ=
fy ( √1− 1−
0.85 f ' c)]

0.85 (27.6) 2(0.289)

ρ=
276 ( √
1− 1− )
0.85(27.6)
ρ=¿0.00105
0.85 f ' c β 1(600)
ρmax =0.75 ρb =0.75
fy ( 600+ fy )
0.85 ( 27.6 ) (0.85)(600)
ρmax =0.75
276 ( 600+276 )
ρmax = 0.0371 < 0.00105 (OK)
1.4 1.4
ρmin = =
fy 276
ρmin =0.00507> 0.00105
Since ρ < ρmin , use ρ = ρmin =0.00507
As = ρbd = 0.00507(300)(480)
As = 730 mm2
4. A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 550 mm. The beam
is simply supported over a span of 6 m and is used to carry a uniform dead load of 25KN/m and a
uniform live load of 40KN/m. Assume f’c is 21Mpa and fy = 312 Mpa. Compression reinforcement
if necessary shall be placed at a depth of 80 mm from the outermost compression concrete.
Determine the max. Tension steel area of the singly reinforced condition.
Solution
0.85 f ' c β 1(600)
ρb =
fy ( 600+ fy )
β 1=0.85 since f ' c is lessthan 28 MPa
0.85 (21)(0.85)(600)
ρb =
312 ( 600+312 )
ρb =0.0319
ρmax =0.75 ( 0.03199 )
ρmax =0.02399

Asmax = ρmax bd
Asmax = 0.02399 ( 300 ) ( 550 )
Asmax = 3,959 mm2

5. A rectangular beam has b = 300 mm, d = 500 mm, As = 3 – 25 mm 2, f’c = 34.2 Mpa,
grade 60 reinforcement (fy = 414 MPa). Calculate the design moment Mu.

Solution
π
As = ¿
4
As = 1473 mm2
As
ρ=
bd
ρ=0.00982
1.4
ρmin =
fy
ρmin =0.0034
Check if steel yields:
0.85 f ' c β 1(600)
ρb =
fy ( 600+ fy )
β 1=0.85−0.008 ( 34.2−30 )
β 1=0.8164
0.85 ( 34.2 ) ( 0.8164 ) ( 600 )
ρb = ρ b=0.0339
414 ( 600+ 414 )
Since ρ< ρ b, the tension steel provided will yield
ρ fy
[ω= ' ¿
f c
( 0.00982 )( 414 )
ω= =0.1189
34.2

[Mu = ∅ f ' c ω b d 2 ( 1−0.59 ω )]

Mu = 0.90(34.2)(0.1189)(300)(500)2[1 – 0.59(0.1189)]
Mu = 255.2 KN-m

6. A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth to tension
bars of 600 mm. Compression reinforcement “if needed” will be placed at a depth of 60 mm below
the top. If f’c = 30 Mpa and fy = 414 Mpa. Determine the tension steel area if the beam is to resist
an ultimate moment of 650 KN-m.

Solution:
[ M ¿¿ U =∅ R u b d2 ]¿
0.85 f ' c 2 Ru
[ ρ=
fy ( √
1− 1−
0.85 f ' c
] )
Solve Ru;
M 650 ( 1000 )2
R u= U 2 = =6.687 MPa
∅ b d 0.9 ( 300 )( 600 )2

[ ρ=
0.85 ( 30 )
( 414 ) ( √
1− 1−
2 (6.687 )
0.85 ( 30 ) )]
=0.0191

0.85 f ' c β 1(600)

ρb =
fy ( 600+ fy )
β 1=0.85−0.007 ( f ' c−28 )=0.85−0.007 ( 30−28 )
β 1=0. 836>0. 65
Use β 1=0. 836

0.85 f ' c β 1 ( 600 ) 0.85 ( 30 ) ( 0.836 )( 600 )

ρb = = =0.0305
fy ( 600+ fy ) 414 ( 600+ 414 )

ρmax =0.75 ρb =0.75 ( 0.0305 )=0.0229> ρ❑

*Compression Reinforcement is NOT Needed.
Check ρmin :
1.4
ρmin = =0.0034 < ρ❑
fy
Use ρ=0.0191
bd ρ= As ; 0.0191 ( 300 )( 600 )
As = 3438 mm2
Using 25-∅, Ab= 491
N = 3438/ 491= 7 pcs

7. Design a rectangular beam reinforced for tension only to carry a dead load moment of 50
KN-m (including its own weight) and a live load of 40 KN-m. Use f’c = 20.7 Mpa and fy = 276
Mpa.
*Additional seismic moment, ME=20 KN-m

reliability
ρ= =1.2
redundancy
C a=0.4 Na
N a =1.0
I =1.0

Solution:
a. Identify DL, LL, E
MDL= 50 KN-m
MLL= 40 KN-m
ME= 20 KN-m (Eh)

MU = 1.2 D + 1.0 (1.2 Eh + 0.2 D) + 1.0 L

= 1.4 D + 1.2 Eh + 1.0 L
Ultimate Loads:
1.8 D + 1.6 L = 1.2(50) + 1.6 (40)
= 124 KN-m
1.2 D + 1.0 E + 1.0 L = 1.4(50) + 1.2(20) + 1.0 (40)
= 134 KN-m

*Use MU = 134 KN-m

Assume ρ=0.5 ρb

0.85 f ' c β 1 ( 600 ) 0.85 ( 20.7 ) ( 0.85 ) (600)

ρb = = = 0.0371
fy ( 600+ fy ) 276( 600+ 276)
ρ=0.5 ( 0.0371 )=0.0186
1.4
ρmin = =0.005< ρ
fy
ρ=0. 0186

ρ fy 0.0186 ( 276 )
ω= = =0.248
f'c 20.7

Solve for Ru;

Ru = f’c ω ( 1- 0.59 ω)
= 20.7( 0.248) [ 1- 0.59(0.248)]
Ru = 4.382 Mpa

Solve for bd2

 Mu 134 x 106
b d 2= = =33. 9774 x 106 mm3
∅ Ru 0.9 ( 4.832 )

Let d= 1.5 b

b + (1.5b) 2 = 33. 9774 x 106

b = 247.173 = 250 mm

let b = 250 mm
d = 375 mm

H = d + 0.5 bar ∅ + stirrup ∅ + Cc

= 375 + 0.5 ( 25) + 10 + 40

H = 437.5mm, Use H = 450 mm.

Beam Size : 250 x 450

As=bd ρ
¿ 0.0186 ( 250 ) ( 375 )=1743.8 mm2
1743
n= =3.6 pcs say 4 pcs
491

Use 4 ∅ 25 mm

8. A rectangular beam with b= 250 mm and d= 460 mm is reinforced for tension

only with 3.25 mm bars. The beam is simply supported over a spa of 6m and carries a uniform
dead load of 680 N/m including its own weight. Calculate the uniform live load that the beam can
carry. Assume fy = 276.5 Mpa and f’c = 20.7 Mpa.

Solution:
Mu = wl2/ 8
Wu= 1.2 D + 1.6L
Use formula if steel yields,
M u=∅ f ' cb d 2 ω ( 1−0.59 ω )
ρfy
ω=
f 'c
Ru=f ' c ω (1−0.59 ω)
252 π 2
A s= x 3=1473 mm
4
1473
ρ= =0.0128
250(460)
0.85 f ' c β 1( 600) 0.85 ( 20.7 ) ( 0.85 ) ( 600 )
ρb = = =0. 03703> ρ=0.0128
fy( fy+600) 276.5(276.5+600)
*Therefore, Steel Yields
 0.0128 ( 276.5 )
ω= =0.171
20.7

0.9 ( 20.7 )( 250 )( 460 )2 ( 0.171 ) [ 1−0.59 ( 0.171 ) ]

Mu=
10002
Mu=151.5 KN −m
For simply supported beams,
w l2
M=
8
w (6 )2
151.5=
8
w=33.7 KN /m
WD= 0.68 KN/m
Wu=1.2 D +1.6 L
33.7 = 1.2(0.68) +1.6 WL
WL= 20.6 KN/m

9. A rectangular beam has b= 300 mm, d= 500 mm, As = 6∅ 32 mm, f’c= 27.6 Mpa, Grade
60 reinforcement (fy = 414 Mpa). Calculate the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.

Solution:
322 π 2
A s= x 6=4826 mm
4
4826
ρ= =0.0322
300 ( 500 )
0.85 f ' c β 1 ( 600 ) 0.85 ( 27.6 ) ( 0.85 )( 600 )
ρb = = =0.0285< ρ=0.0322
fy ( fy+600 ) 414 ( 414 +600 )

 Steel does not yield.

From strain components:

fs
Es 0.003
=
d−c c
d−c
fs=600 x
c

Σ F H =0
T =C
Asfs=0.85 f ' cab
a=β 1 c=0.85 c
−0.7225 f ' c c 2 b−600 Asc +600 Asd=0
Using Quadratic Equation, c=306. 242∨say 306 mm
hence , fs=380.4 MPa
Mu=ϕMn=0.9 ( 679.2 )=611.28
Mu=611.3 KN−m

10. A rectangular beam has a width of 200 mm and an effective depth of 550 mm. The beam
is simply supported over a span of 6 m and is used to carry a uniform dead load of 25KN/m and a
uniform live load of 40KN/m. Assume f’c is 21Mpa and fy = 312 Mpa. Compression reinforcement
if necessary shall be placed at a depth of 80 mm from the outermost compression concrete.
Determine the max. Tension steel area of the singly reinforced condition.

Solution
0.85 f ' c β 1(600)
ρb =
fy ( 600+ fy )
β 1=0.85 since f ' c is lessthan 28 MPa
0.85 (21)(0.85)(600)
ρb =
312 ( 600+312 )
ρb =0.0319
ρmax =0.75 ( 0.03199 )
ρmax =0.02399
Asmax = ρmax bd
Asmax = 0.02399 ( 200 ) ( 550 )
Asmax = 2, 638.9 mm2