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Product: WHEEL LOADER
Model: 988H WHEEL LOADER BXY
Configuration: 988H Wheel Loader BXY00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY
C18 Engine
Systems Operation
988H Wheel Loader Electrohydraulic System
Media Number -RENR6217-08 Publication Date -01/03/2013 Date Updated -28/03/2013
i02112836
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Illustration 1 g01084424
Schematic for the Ride Control System
(1) Lift cylinders. (2) Accumulators. (3) Diverter valve. (4) Orifice. (5) Lines to the rod end of the lift cylinders. (6) Spool.
(7) Line for the head end of the lift cylinder. (8) Power train ECM. (9) Solenoid valve. (10) Shuttle valve. (11) Implement
pump. (12) Pilot, brake pump. (13) Check valve. (14) Hydraulic tank. (15) Line to the main control valve.
The optional ride control system provides a means for dampening the forces of the work tool which
produce a pitching motion as the machine travels over rough terrain.
This schematic shows the ride control system with a running engine and the ride control switch in the
OFF position. No current is flowing between the ride control solenoid valve (9) and power train ECM
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(8) .
With a running engine and a ride control system that is not activated, solenoid valve (9) is de-energized.
Pilot oil flows through solenoid valve (9) to the lower end of spool (6). The oil pressure that is acting on
spool (6) will override the spring force. Then, spool (6) shifts to the UP position. The flow of oil
between the head end of lift cylinders (1) and accumulator (2) is blocked by spool (6). When the
machine is moving with a load in the bucket over a rough terrain, there is no cushion.
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Illustration 2 g01102127
Schematic for the Ride Control System
(1) Lift cylinders. (2) Accumulators. (3) Diverter valve. (4) Orifice. (5) Lines to the rod end of the lift cylinders. (6) Spool.
(7) Line for the head end of the lift cylinder. (8) Power train ECM. (9) Solenoid valve. (10) Shuttle valve. (11) Implement
pump. (12) Pilot, brake pump. (13) Check valve. (14) Hydraulic tank. (15) Line to the main control valve.
When the engine is running and the ride control system is off, spool (6) will block oil that is between the
head end of lift cylinders (1) and accumulators (2). When the oil pressure in the line for the head end of
the lift cylinder (7) is greater than the pressure in the accumulator, shuttle valve (10) will shift to the
right. Implement pump (11) can charge accumulators (2) to a pressure that is equal to the pressure
setting of the main relief valve. When the pressure between lift cylinders (1) and accumulators (2) is
equal, shuttle valve (10) will shift to the center position. The oil flow to accumulators from implement
pump (11) is blocked. Check valve (13) prevents back pressure to implement pump (11) from any
pressure spike in the system.
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Illustration 3 g01102168
Schematic for the Ride Control System
(1) Lift cylinders. (2) Accumulators. (3) Diverter valve. (4) Orifice. (5) Lines to the rod end of the lift cylinders. (6) Spool.
(7) Line for the head end of the lift cylinder. (8) Power train ECM. (9) Solenoid valve. (10) Shuttle valve. (11) Implement
pump. (12) Pilot, brake pump. (13) Check valve. (14) Hydraulic tank. (15) Line to the main control valve.
When the engine is running and the ride control system is off, spool (6) will block oil that is between the
head end of lift cylinders (1) and accumulators (2). When the oil pressure in accumulator (2) is greater
than the pressure in the head end of the lift cylinders (1), shuttle valve (10) will shift to the left. Oil
pressure in accumulators (2) will drain to hydraulic tank (14). When the pressure between lift cylinders
(1) and accumulators (2) is equalized, shuttle valve (10) will shift to the center position. The pressure
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will be equalized.
Illustration 4 g01102129
Schematic for the Ride Control System
(1) Lift cylinders. (2) Accumulators. (3) Diverter valve. (4) Orifice. (5) Lines to the rod end of the lift cylinders. (6) Spool.
(7) Line for the head end of the lift cylinder. (8) Power train ECM. (9) Solenoid valve. (10) Shuttle valve. (11) Implement
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pump. (12) Pilot, brake pump. (13) Check valve. (14) Hydraulic tank. (15) Line to the main control valve.
When the terrain is rough and the machine develops a pitching motion, ride control should be activated.
In order to initiate the ride control system, the operator presses the ride control switch to the AUTO
position. Also, the machine must be at least 9.7 km/h (6 mph) in the forward direction.
When ECM (8) energizes ride control solenoid valve (9), pilot pressure at spool (6) is released to
hydraulic tank (14). The force of the spring shifts spool (6) in the down direction. This opens a path
between the head end of lift cylinders (1) and ride control accumulators (2) .
The oil in the rod end of the lift cylinders is directed to hydraulic tank (14). This will prevent cavitation
in the rod end of lift cylinders (1) when the nitrogen in accumulators (2) is compressed and the lift
linkage is allowed to lower slightly.
Illustration 5 g01102196
Location of the Ride Control Switch
The ride control switch is located in the upper control panel on the right side of the cab. The ride control
switch allows the operator to select the ride control OFF position or the ride control AUTO position.
Also, the ride control switch is equipped with a third position. The third position is used for service. This
position is used to measure the pressure of the accumulator. Also, this position is used to adjust the
pressure of the accumulator. The service position is activated by pressing the lower half of the switch.
When the ride control switch is in the ON position, the ride control solenoid valve (9) is energized.
When the ride control switch is in the AUTO position, the power train ECM energizes the ride control
solenoid when the machine ground speed in the forward direction is above 9.7 km/h (6 mph). When the
machine ground speed is 1.6 km/h (1 mph) below the set speed, power train ECM (6) will de-energize
ride control solenoid (5). These speeds are the factory default. When the machine is traveling in the
reverse direction, the machine ground speed is 3.2 km/h (2 mph). These speeds are factory defaults. The
forward limit and the reverse limit can be changed to any value between 1.6 km/h (1.0 mph) and 32
km/h (19.9 mph).
The factory default can be changed through the Caterpillar Monitoring System or through the Caterpillar
Electronic Technician by 1.6 km/h (1 mph) increments.
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A floating piston in the accumulator separates the oil from the nitrogen gas. Since nitrogen gas can be
compressed, the gas functions as a shock absorber. Any downward force on the lift arms is transfered
through the oil at the head end of the lift cylinders to the accumulator. The pressure of the oil is
transmitted to the accumulator piston, which compresses the nitrogen gas. Compressing the nitrogen gas
absorbs spikes in the pressure of the oil.
Oil pressure on the accumulator piston will compress the nitrogen gas. As the nitrogen gas is
compressed the piston will move. The area that contains the nitrogen gas will decrease. The area that
contains the oil will increase. The downward force on the lift arms will displace some oil from the lift
cylinders. The displaced oil flows into this increased area that is now available.
When the ride control system is activated, the following problems are reduced. fewer shocks to the
structures, fewer shocks to the components, reduced flexing of the tires and greater load retention. The
result is a smoother ride with less pitching of the machine during movement.
Copyright 1993 - 2014 Caterpillar Inc. Wed May 7 10:58:51 UTC+0400 2014
All Rights Reserved.
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