OH&S POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Learning Objectives: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able to
make a task and job sheet.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Safety- State or condition of being safe, freedom from danger, risk, or injury.

Accident- Any suddenly occurring, unintentional event that causes personal injury or
damage to property.

First Aid- Immediate temporary care given to the victim of an accident or sudden illness
until the service of a physician is obtained.

OHS (Occupational Health and Safety )- Insure safe and sanitary working conditions for
employees.

Pressure Points- Points on the body arteries pass close to the surface of the skin and in
front of the bone structure so that pressure forcing the artery against the bone can
check the flow of blood to a specific part of the body.

Combustible- Materials or liquids that catch fire easily.

Hygiene- The science of good health and its maintenance, including sanitary practices
and cleanliness.

Tetanus- An acute, infectious disease that usually enters the body through cuts or
wounds, characterized by spasmodic contractions or rigidity of some voluntary muscles
and frequently referred to as lockjaw.

THINGS for SAFE WORKING PRACTICES to ACCOMPLISH

1. Eliminates the pain or discomfort of personal injury

2. Eliminates the loss of equipment or an expense of repair
3. Eliminates lost time and lost wages
 4. Contributes to the psychological well being of all employees
5. Contributes to productivity
6. Fulfills the moral obligation a worker has to employer and fellow employees

PROCEDURES IN CONTROLLING RISK

1. Use the proper safety devices and facilities when provided.
2. Do not indulge in joking and fooling.
3. Learn to recognize dangerous hazards and to report them promptly.
4. Always keep your work area clean and tidy.
5. Wear safety glasses and the correct protective clothing when required.
6. Never do work in a manner that you know to be dangerous.
7. Learn to lift and handle materials correctly.
8. Always observe the safety rules.
9. Use machine guards where provided.
10. Come to work correctly dressed for the job (Loose clothing, rings, watches, long hair
are dangerous)
11. Report all accidents how minor it is as soon as they happen.
12. Be alert to electrical hazards.
13. Take care on entering and leaving the work area.
14. Develop a real determination to work safely.

HAZARDS
Hazard is exposure to loss or injury, risk, or danger.

There are many kinds of hazard that may happen in the workplace. These are
burns, falls, eye accident, spill, explosion, obstruction, loose objects/fixtures, chemicals,
faulty equipment, and electrical faults.

Burn- Injury or damage cause by friction, heat, steam, etc.

Fall- Drop by force of gravity from higher to a lower place or position.

Eye Accident- Accident in the eye caused by cuts or wounds or embedded by foreign
objects.

Obstruction- Anything that obstruct.

Loose Objects/ Fixtures- Material things that may probably loosen.

Faulty Equipment- Equipment that are not operating or with defects.

Faulty Electrical- Electrical systems / devices or materials with defects.

Accident can happen to a worker if he/she neglects the proper safety

considerations involve in the workplace.

Hazardous Materials

What are hazardous materials (HM)? A hazardous material is any material that,
because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical properties, may pose a
substantial hazard to human health or the environment when used incorrectly, spilled
accidentally, or released purposefully. Subcategories of HM include: combustible
materials; toxic materials; corrosive materials (including acids and bases); and oxidizer,
aerosol, or compressed gases. Cleaning solvents, paints, batteries, and floor wax are
specific examples of hazardous materials.

Part of doing our job and maintaining our equipment and work spaces involves
using hazardous materials. Whether we use hazardous materials daily or infrequently,
we need to know how to identify them and understand their use, storage, and disposal
procedures.

Many hazardous materials, if not used properly, can be hazardous to your health.
For example, they can burn or irritate your skin, cause internal damage if you inhale
them, or poison you if you ingest them. You must, therefore, be aware of and follow safe
handling, storage, and disposal procedures for all hazardous materials that you may
have to use or work around.

All hazardous material containers must be labeled. Manufacturers of hazardous

materials must follow strict Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
regulations on labeling. As a minimum, each label must
 clearly identify (1) the name of the material, (2) the name and address of the
manufacturer, and (3) the nature of the hazard, including the target organ(s) affected by
the material.

Hazardous materials provided through the stock system, including open-

purchase materials, must meet these requirements. You are not authorized to relabel
properly labeled hazardous materials.

Safety Precautions for Hazardous Materials

The following section briefly covers safety precautions for the materials
commonly used or handled by Fire Control men: solvents, aerosol containers,
polychlorinated biphenyls, batteries, and vacuum tubes.

a. SOLVENTS

Varnishes, lacquers, cleaning fluids, and some paints contain solvents that can
ignite at relatively low temperatures. Obviously, such materials pose serious fire
hazards. Some solvents emit toxic vapors; others can burn or irritate your skin and
eyes.

Many solvents are used in the daily maintenance of electronic equipment. The
safest solvents are those that dissolve in water (water-based). If water-based solvents
are not effective, you may use trichloroethane or methyl alcohol, two of the most
popular non-water based solvents. However, since trichloroethane and methyl alcohol
are extremely flammable, use them only when you have adequate ventilation.

When you use hazardous paints or solvents, always follow these safety precautions:

• Wipe up all spills immediately.

• Place rags or other items you use to clean up spills in a separate, covered container.

• Use protective clothing, goggles, gloves, or other appropriate devices to prevent paints
or solvents from getting on your skin or in your eyes.

• Have accessible fire-fighting equipment nearby.

• Have adequate ventilation.

• Dispose of paints and solvents properly when you no longer need them. If you are
unsure of the disposal procedures, check with your safety officer.

• Store flammable solvents only in approved flammable storage lockers. Be sure to

store flammable and corrosive materials separately.

• NEVER use carbon tetrachloride. Carbon tetrachloride is a highly toxic compound and
is banned from use. Use trichloroethane instead.

• NEVER smoke or use an open flame or allow anyone else to do so in areas where
paint, varnishes, lacquers, or solvents are being used.

• NEVER breathed the vapors of any cleaning solvent for prolonged periods. If you don't
have proper ventilation, use proper PPE.

• NEVER discard aerosol containers in wastebaskets that will be emptied into an

incinerator.

• NEVER spray cleaning solvents onto electrical windings or insulation.

• NEVER apply cleaning solvents to heated equipment. Doing so could cause a fire.

BASICS OF ELECTRIC SHOCK

The following factors determine the severity of the effect electric shock has on your
body:

• The amount of body resistance you have to the current flow.

• The path the current takes through your body.

• The length of time the current flows through your body.

Body Resistance
Resistance varies greatly in different parts of your body. A value of 1,500 ohms is
commonly used as the resistance between major extremities of an average human
body: hand to hand, or hand to foot.
For example, suppose you accidentally grabbed a wire carrying 120 volts alternating
current (V ac). We can use Ohm's law, I = E/R, to figure how much current would flow
through your body:

E = 120 V ac (the voltage you grabbed)

R =1,500 ohms (your average body resistance) Therefore:

I = 120/1,500 amp = 80 milliampere

Therefore, if you grabbed a 120-V-ac wire, 80 milliamperes of current would flow

through your body!

In our example, you grabbed 80 milliamperes of current! That is 15 milliamperes

beyond what could be fatal. It is also 70 milliamperes beyond the "can't-let-go" threshold
for a 120-pound person and 62 milliamperes beyond what is needed to cause you to
stop breathing.

Remember, the 1,500 ohms is just an average value. Body resistance varies
from person to person and may often be less than 1,500 ohms. When your skin is moist,
your body resistance could be as low as 300 ohms! Also, breaks in your skin at the
point of contact could reduce your skin resistance to nearly zero!

Skin resistance is only important when you are handling voltages of less than
240 volts. If you get shocked by more than 240 volts, the voltage arc will burn through
your skin and leave deep, third-degree burns where it enters your body.

Current Flow Path

The two most dangerous paths that current can take through your body are (1)
from hand to hand and (2) from left hand to either foot. The second path is the MOST
dangerous since the current will flow through both your heart and other vital organs.

Current Flow Duration

Fibrillation is the shocking of your heart into a useless flutter. The longer you are
shocked, the more chance there is for your heart to begin fibrillation. Most people who
die from electric shock die from fibrillation. Fibrillation in a normal adult is unlikely if the
current in milliamperes is less than 116/t, where 'T' is the shock duration in seconds.
The longer you are shocked, the less current is needed to cause heart fibrillation.

Some examples of shock current levels and duration that could cause fibrillation are:

• 21 milliamperes for 30 seconds,

• 44 milliamperes for 7 seconds, or

• 67 milliamperes for 3 seconds.

Reaction of Body to 100 volts

Amount of Current Effect to the Body

0.008 amp to 0.001 amp May cause some sensation
0.012 amp to 0.02 amp May cause muscular contraction
0.1 amp to 0.2 amp Will cause death
Hazard Analysis – HIGH voltage & LOW current test electronics racks

Description of Work: High-voltage (> 600V AC or DC), Low-current (< 10 amps

operating, or < 50 amps capability) Power supplies can be found in system test racks.
An example is providing gain voltage to Photomultiplier tubes or providing bias voltages
to silicon detectors. Installation and use of these supplies presents the following safety
hazards.

Step/Phas Safety Hazard Precautions/Safety Procedures

e of Job
Installation Muscle and joint Use safe lifting methods including mechanical
strain, pinch, cut, assistance, co-worker assistance, and correct
and smash hazard posture. Evaluate need for personal protection
equipment (PPE) for hands & face.
Installation Electrical hazards Ensure the power supply is disconnected from the
including fire and mains. Measure the output connection voltage to
welding confirm that no residual energy is stored within
the module.
Installation Heat and fire Ensure the high voltage cable is appropriate for
hazards. the task. Assure the connectors breakdown
voltage is greater than the highest output voltage.

Insure the cable is sized correctly for the

conductor to safely carry at least the fault voltage
needed to trip safety devices. Ensure the break-
down voltage of the cable insulation is greater
than the highest output voltage of the supply.
Assure the cable jacket is sufficiently rugged for
the task. Verify the high voltage connections are
secure and will not easily become loose.
During Use Electrical hazards Regularly check that the high voltage connections
including fire and at both the supply and the load are secure and
welding. have not become loose. Regularly check the
physical integrity of the cables and the
connectors, replacing any with signs of excessive
wear or of arcing. Regularly check the current
output of the supply, checking that the current
output from the supply is not leaking through the
cable.
After Use Electrical hazards Confirm that no residual energy is stored within
including shock the module by measuring the output connection
voltage. If necessary, use a grounding stick to
discharge the stored energy along a known
current path.

Accepted: _______________________________ Date: _____________

Supervisor/Task Manager
My supervisor has reviewed this hazard analysis with me and I understand the hazards
and required precautionary actions. I will follow the requirements of this hazard analysis
or notify my supervisor if I am unable to do so.

Name (please print) Signature Date

     
     
     
It is your responsibility to identify and report any hazards to your supervisor or assigned
OHS representative.

Electrical Safety Requirements

1. Flammable material shall not be stored or placed in proximity to electrical

equipment.

2. All electrical distribution switches and controls shall be clearly marked to indicate
the machinery or equipment that they serve.

3. Metal ladders, or wire-reinforced wooden ladders, shall not be used in proximity

to All electrical tools and equipment must be grounded or double insulated.

4. Extension cords should only be used for temporary service and should be
maintained in good condition at all time. They should be routinely inspected for
fray, torn or split cords and damaged plugs or connectors. All damaged cords
must be repaired or replaced immediately.

5. Never replace a blown fuse with a larger capacity fuse.

6. Cover plates should be in place on all switches and outlets.

7. Jacketed electrical cords should be used with portable electric tools and with
extension lamps in boilers, tanks or other grounded enclosures.

8. Non-conductive material should be used to form the handles on portable hand

lamps and there should be no metallic connectors between the lamp guard and
the socket shell.
9. Always make certain that plug connector configurations match -they are
intentionally designed that way to prevent hazardous, or even fatal, electrical
connections;

10. Avoid using electrical tools and equipment in or around damp or wet areas;

11. Fire extinguishers of type "BC" ((carbon dioxide) or "ABC" (multipurpose dry
chemical) should be readily available in the event of an electrical fire. Type "A"
(pressurized water) shall not be used on electrical fires. Halon type extinguishers
are acceptable, but are no longer manufactured.

12. Synthetic fiber type clothing can be readily ignited and melted by an electrical
flash. Flame-retardant garments made of either cotton or wool fabrics are
recommended for employees working with electricity.

13. Defective electrical equipment must be reported to your Supervisor immediately.

14. energized electrical equipment.