Form the design basis for screw joints

Nomenclature
Here is a list of terms and shortenings used in the report. All terms are in SI-units if nothing
else is stated.

AD Sealing area
AS Stress cross section of the screw thread
AT Tension area
A0 Appropriate minimum cross-sectional area of the screw
a Distance of the substitutional line of action of the axial load FA from the axis of
the imaginary laterally symmetrical deformation solid
Cb Plastic spring characteristic of the screw
C1 Correction factor, calculated according to VDI 2230
C3 Correction factor, calculated according to VDI 2230
DCh Clearance hole diameter
DKm Effective diameter for the friction moment at the screw head or nut bearing area
DS The screws contact diameter or the outer diameter when using washer or
corresponding.
D12 Diesel engine, 6 cylinders, 12 liters
D2 Nut thread pitch diameter
d Screw diameter = Outside diameter of thread (Nominal diameter)
dh Diameter of the hole of the clamped parts
di Screw inner diameter
din Inside diameter of the contact area between fastener bearing area and clamped
part
dm Screw average diameter
dout Outside diameter of the contact area between fastener bearing area and clamped
part
dw Outside diameter of the bearing surface of the screw
d1 Basic pitch diameter of external thread
d2 Pitch diameter of the screw
d3 Nominal minor diameter of the thread
FA Axial load
FB Working load at a joint in any direction
FF Preload force
Ffinal Final preload after torque and angle controlled tightening
Ffinal, pol Final preload based on polynomial curve fitting
FKA Minimum clamp load at the opening limit
FKab Clamp load at the opening limit
FKerf Required clamp load
FKP Minimum clamp load for ensuring a sealing function
FKQ Minimum clamp load for transmitting a transverse load and/or a torque by
friction grip
FM Assembly preload
Fp Pre load
FQ Transverse load
FS Screw load (Total)
Ft Thermal Load
FV Preload
Fy Preload at the yield point of the screw, reduced due to torsion

Johan Olsson - iv -
Patrick Sandlund HT-07
 Form the design basis for screw joints

FZ Loss of preload as a result of settlement

∆FVth Change in preload as a result of a temperature different from room temperature
fPM Amount of deformation/compression of material
fSM Amount of deformation/elongation of screw
fz Amount of embedding
IBT Moment of gyration of the interface area
KP Correction factor
kj Stiffness of joint
kS Stiffness of screw
kSe Spring constant of the screw in the elastic region
kz Stiffness of component z
L Length of screw joint
Lb Length of screw
LC Clamping length
Lj Length of joint
ΔLb α b* ΔT*L = The elongation of the bolt
ΔLj α j *ΔT*L = The elongation of the joint
MA Tightening torque during assembly for preloading a bolt to FM
MB Working moment acting at the bolting point
Mb Additional bending moment from the eccentrically applied axial loads FA and
FS and/or the moment MB
Mfinal Final torque after torque and angle controlled tightening
MG Proportion of the tightening torque acting in the threads (thread torque)
Mgap Torque to close the gaps in a screw joint
MK Friction moment in the head or nut bearing area
MS Torque about the screw axis
Msnug Snug torque
MT Torsional moment
Mtool, gap Torque to close the gaps, including tool dispersion
My Torque at the yield point of the screw
meff Effective nut height or length of engagement
P Pitch of the thread
P( X >/< Y ) Probability
Ph Surface pressure
pi Internal pressure to be sealed
qF Number of force transmitting (FQ) inner interfaces which are involved in
possible slipping/shearing of the bolt
qM Number of torque transmitting (MS)inner interfaces which are involved in
possible slipping
ReL Yield point
Rm Tensile strength of the screw
Rp0,2 Stress at 0,2 % non-proportional elongation
ra Friction radius at the clamped parts when MS is acting
SEU Scania Europe (Södertälje, Sweden)
SLA Scania Latin America (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
ssym Distance of the bolt axis from the axis of the imaginary laterally symmetrical
deformation solid.
ΔT Temperature change
u Edge distance of the opening point U from the axis of the imaginary laterally
symmetrical deformation solid

Johan Olsson -v-

Patrick Sandlund HT-07