IATA-Live Animal Regulations

Live Animal Regulations 2009 Page 1 of 23
Live Animal Regulations 2009
GENERAL CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS FOR AQUATICS (CR 51

– 60)
OPERATOR VARIATIONS: AF-02 AF-03 AH-01 AH-02 AY-02 CV-08 DL-01 D0-06
D0-07 EK-06 IB-02 JL-01 KL-03 LG-01 LH-01 LH-02 LH-04 LX-02 LX-03 OS-01
QY-06 QY-07 SA-02 SV-01 TP-01 UA-01
Design and Construction
It is essential that containers be well constructed and dimensions, where stated, are length,
width and height. Dimensions shown in these Regulations are illustrative and therefore must
be related to actual size of the consignment for which the container is constructed.
Most of the aquatic species being shipped are small tropical fish. These are packed in plastic
bags containing 2/3 oxygen and 1/3 water in which the fish must be able to swim freely. This
bag is then placed within an outer container. The outer container must be rigid and not be
able to buckle or bend. It must have the sides re–enforced so that it can withstand damage
from other freight falling on it. It must be closed in such a manner that it cannot be
accidentally opened.
All closed containers must be so constructed that they are completely leak–proof. It must
also be placed on polythene sheeting within the hold in case of damage during flight.
Some of the larger aquatic species require very specialised containers and it is therefore
essential that the size of the aircraft door and the space available within the hold is
considered at the time such a shipment is initially booked.
A larger container that has water must have an anti–spill device around the top and the sides
must be placed on polythene sheeting that has a deep covering of absor-bent material.
The container for large species must have spacer devices and/or handles in order that it can
be manipulated easily.
If forklift spacers are required, they must be at least 5 cm (2 in) thick. Allowance for the extra
height must be made when calculating the dimensions of the container.
Labelling and Marking
The container must be correctly labelled in accordance with the instructions in Chapter 9.
No additional labels are required when the “Live Animals” and the “This Way Up” labels are
imprinted on the outer container.
Special Care
The large species such as porpoises, dolphins, whales etc. need special attention and must
about:blank 16/01/2018
be accompanied by experienced handlers who understand the needs of these creatures.

Aquatic species are extremely dependent on their environment and have comparatively little
ability to adapt to sudden change. They are temperature sensitive and care must be taken
that they are not subjected to sudden fluctuations, especially to high temperatures. The
specific container requirements in this section indicate how it is possible to maintain a
suitable temperature range by the use of ice and insulation. It is also important that aquatics
are not subjected to noise as far as is possible. They must be held in cool and quiet areas
pending loading.
For the purpose of providing life support for aquatic species during transport, a cylinder
containing oxygen (compressed), UN 1072, packed in accordance with the IATA Dangerous
Goods Regulations, may be carried to oxygenate the water with the approval of the
appropriate authority of the States of origin, destination and of the operator.
Two container requirements have been added (CR59 and CR60). Readers will find
specific instructions in terms of construction, handling and preparedness in these.
Important Notes
It must be noted that the IATA Live Animals Regulations container requirements stipulate the
minimum requirements for air shipment. The construction principle of containers described
within these Regulations are not intended to conform any airworthiness requirement.
Structural aircraft containers must comply with the specifications published in the IATA ULD
Technical Manual.
Although few limitations exist for freighter aircraft, such factors as the size of the
compartment door and area of the aircraft hold determines the acceptability of live animal
consignments. Consequently, this must be considered when determining the size of the
container to be used, in accordance with the principles of design outlined in this section
when routing the consignment.
Many aquatic species are listed by CITES in Appendix I and II (see 6.2). It is imperative that
the appropriate CITES documentation is completed before acceptance of the shipment and
such documents must accompany the shipment as well as the usual shipper's and health
certification, export and import permits/licences. See 7.3 for CITES documentation
requirements.
It is a CITES pre–requisite that all CITES listed species are packed and shipped in
accordance with the IATA Live Animals Regulations. It is also a legal requirement by many
governments that have incorporated these Regulations into their national legislation in
regards of the shipment of live animals by air. Therefore care must be taken that compliance
is evident at the time of live animal shipment acceptance.
In addition to the above General Requirements, the Specific Requirements that are
relevant to the individual species must be consulted and adhered to.
The illustrations shown in the following specific container requirements are examples
only. Packages that conform to the principle of the written guidelines for the species
but look slightly different will still meet the IATA standards.
CONTAINER REQUIREMENT 51
The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.
Containers that conform to the principle of written guidelines but look slightly
different will still meet the IATA standards.
Applicable to:
Aquatic Amphibians Octopus
Cui–ui Seahorses
Fish, n.o.s. (unless arrangements made for specialized packing) Tropical fish
Goldfish Water snail
OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 JL-01 LH-02 QF-01 UA-01

1. CONTAINER CONSTRUCTION
Materials
Water–resistant fibreboard, insulating material, plastic or wood, expanded polystyrene or
styrofoam.
Principles of Design
The following principles of design must be met in addition to the General Container
Requirements outlined at the beginning of this chapter.
Outer Container
The outer container can be constructed of fibreboard, wood, wood products or any plastic
material of adequate strength. Purpose–built containers made of expanded polystyrene
or styrofoam must be of adequate strength.
Care must be taken to ensure no sharp edges or stapled closings on the outer container
punctures the inner plastic bag, which expands from change in altitude.
Inner Container
Strong plastic (polyethylene) bag.
The bags are fastened by twisting the top and folding the twisted part so that it can be
sealed with elastic bands. The bags may also be heat sealed.
Warning: Heat–sealed bags cannot be re–oxygenated in the event of the consignment
being delayed.
It is preferable that each bag is placed in an outer bag of similar size to prevent leakage
of water.
Note:
States may require the physical inspection of the contents of shipments tendered by
shippers meeting a specific state mandated criteria as determined by the transporting
carrier.
Spiny fish must be placed in an inner container of hard plastic within a polyethylene bag
or they may be contained in an inner polyethylene bag separated by several layers of
paper from an outer polyethylene bag. In such cases, both bags must be adequately
sealed.
Insulation/Cushioning
Expanded polystyrene container or expanded polystyrene sheets on all sides including
top and bottom, is recommended. Alternatively, compressed newspaper, woodwool or
approximately 0.6 cm (¼ in) thickness of newspaper or other fibrous material sandwiched

between two sheets of kraft paper.
Example
2. PREPARATIONS BEFORE DISPATCH

There must be one species per bag.
The inner bag must be filled with water to approximately 1/3 of its capacity. The
remaining 2/3 of the container is to be filled with oxygen. Use of ice cubes or chemicals
such as methylene blue, volume of water and the amount of fish in the container are the
shipper's responsibility. Carriers will not re–oxygenate fish shipments unless by special
prearranged agreement.
Seahorses can be shipped in plastic bags as long as they can anchor themselves to
something in order to minimize stress. A PVC mesh may be placed inside and weighed
down with non–leaded weights. A recommended maximum of three animals of a length
of 60 mm (or four of 45 mm) can be packed in a 250– 380 mm bag. If shipment goes
from warm to cold climate, it is suggested to add a heat pack. Conversely, if seahorses
are shipped from cold to tropical climate, ice packs should be used.
Aquatic amphibians can be shipped in the same manner as fish, but as some of them are
able to breath air and will do so, the airspace above the water should consist of 50%
pure oxygen and 50% normal air like in air breathing fish. Pure oxygen can be
detrimental to lung tissue. Aquatic amphibians are not to be fed 2 days prior of shipment
to avoid fouling of the water.
The condition of fish and amphibians is directly affected by:
the density, i.e. the number of fish or amphibians according to size in a given quantity of
water;
temperature of water.
For tropical fish insulation must be provided by the shipper within each unit to ensure a
suitable temperature of 20°C (68°F) for the longest possible period.
Some species must be individually packed due to their sensitive reactions or aggressive
tendencies.
Shippers must pack fish to survive unattended for at least 48 hours from time of
acceptance by the airline.
Note:
For aquatic amphibians from tropical regions like Pipa, Hymenochirus, Typhlonectes, the
temperature should be about 20°C (68°F). For other species like Axolotl, Newt and
Salamandar larvae, Andrias and Cryptobranchus, the temperature should not exceed 15°
C (59°F)
The shipper must clearly mark on the container the local time and the date at which the
animals were packed.
The shipper must indicate the acceptable temperature range (in Celsius and Fahrenheit)
on the outside of the box in which the animals can be stored.
3. GENERAL CARE AND LOADING (see Chapters 5 and 10)
Animals must be held in areas where the ambient air temperature reduces the heat
transfer to the absolute minimum.
No consignment of fish must be accepted if the planned journey exceeds 48 hours
(unless life support is availiable). Consignments of live fish must be treated as perishable
items and handled accordingly.
For the purpose of providing life support for aquatic species during transport, a
cylinder containing oxygen (compressed), UN 1072, packed in accordance with the IATA
Dangerous Goods Regulations, may be carried to oxygenate the water with the approval
of the appropriate authority of the States of origin, destination and of the operator. Refer
to CR59 and CR60

Containers that conform to the principle of written guidelines for the species but
look slightly different will still meet the IATA standards.
Applicable to:
Fishing snake Sharks (40 – 100 cm [16 – 40 in])
Koy Carp (40 – 75 cm Sturgeon
[16 – 30 in])
Other fish (up to 100 cm Water snail
[40 in])
Pelagic sea snake Yellow–bellied sea snake
OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 JL-01 QF-01 UA-01

Materials
Water–resistant fibreboard, plastics or wood, polystyrene or styrofoam, strong cardboard
lined with styrofoam, insulating material, 0.15 mm (0.006 in) or 0.25 mm (0.01 in)
polythene bags.
Outer Container
The outer container can be constructed of fibreboard, wood or wood products,
polystyrene, or similar, lined strong cardboard or plastic material of adequate strength.
Purpose–built containers of expanded polystyrene or styrofoam must be of adequate
strength to contain the weight of water and to resist crushing. For small sharks, prone to
biting, a pressurised polyester–resin coated container may be used. The inner surface of
the outer container must be smooth, non–abrasive and free from all projections. The
container must be leak–proof or plastic–lined.
Inner Container
Strong plastics (polyethylene) bag with full width opening at the top and deep enough so
that the portion above the water can be twisted and doubled over in order to be sealed
with elastic bands, wire or metal strip. It is preferable that each bag is placed in a second
bag in case of breakage or leakage.
Note:
States may require the physical inspection of the contents of shipments tendered by
shippers meeting a specific state mandated criteria as determined by the transporting
carrier.
Insulation
In cold water the use of expanded polystyrene containers or the use of expanded
polystyrene sheeting around the container on all sides including the top and bottom is
recommended. During warm weather or when transportation is via hot climates, crushed
ice must be packed around the plastic bags containing the fish within the outer container
which must then be of expanded polystyrene or styrofoam.
2. PREPARATIONS BEFORE DISPATCH (see Chapter 5)
There must be one species per bag.
The bag must be filled with water to one–third of its capacity and this must cover the fish
completely. There must be sufficient space around the fish so that it can undulate freely
but not turn round. The remaining two–thirds of the bag space must be filled with oxygen
by the shipper before the bags are sealed for shipment. The shipper must pack the fish
to survive unattended for at least 18 hours from the time of acceptance by the airline.
Facilities for re–oxygenation must be arranged at the destination, in the event of the
transport process being extended beyond the anticipated time frame. In warm climates a
supply of bags of crushed ice must be placed around the fish bags in order to maintain
the correct temperature.
Example
The container must be clearly marked with the time and date at which the fish were
packed. The time and date of acceptance must also be added to the container. The fish
logo on the IATA Live Animals Label may be highlighted to draw attention.
The shipper must clearly mark the container with the acceptable temperature range for
the species in the container both in Celsius and Fahrenheit in which the container can be
stored.
Species of sea snakes must be placed in salt water with oxygen in the same manner as
fish.
Fish must be fasted for a few days prior to shipment in order to reduce excreta and
subsequent ammonia formation. The plastic bags with the fish must be handled carefully
to prevent the fish from thrashing excessively. Keeping the bags as near the horizontal
as possible and reducing noise and light will all help at the time of packaging. Bubbling
oxygen through the water also acts as a sedative. The use of special waste absorbent
material packed with the fish may help to maintain a healthy water environment.
The shipment of larger fish or the bottom dwelling species, such as the pelagic sharks,
that need to swim constantly, requires the use of specially designed transport containers
with a submersible pump and a constant oxygen supply in order to meet the
physiological requirements of these species. An attendant who is conversant with such
equipment must accompany these shipments.
The shipment of live fish in direct contact with ice is unacceptable on humane grounds as
the tissues become devitalised.
For the purpose of providing life support for aquatic species during transport, a cylinder
containing oxygen (compressed), UN 1072, packed in accordance with the IATA
Dangerous Goods Regulations, may be carried to oxygenate the water with the approval
of the appropriate authority of the States of origin, destination and of the operator.

Applicable to:
Eel
OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 QF-01

Materials
Expanded polystyrene, water–resistant fibreboard and polyethylene.
Oblong, fibreboard container approximately 20 × 30 × 70 cm (8 × 12 × 28 in).
Interior of bottom section waxed. Containers must be leak–proof.
Prior to shipment, eels must be kept in an enclosure or pen with running water in order to
allow them to utilise all their gut contents before being confined during transport.
15 kg (33 lb) of live eels plus 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) of fresh crushed ice are placed inside the
liner.
Cartons must be strapped at two points to secure the top section of the carton to the
bottom section.
Special labels “Live Eels” must be affixed on the side and top sections of lid. “This Way
Up” labels must also be affixed on the side section of the lid.
3. FEEDING GUIDE
No feeding required during transportation.
As eels are loaded in standard cargo containers, it is most important that they be handled
as live animal consignments.
Containers must be kept level at all times.
Eels must be stored at temperatures no higher than 10°C (50°F).
Example

Applicable to:
Baby eel
Elver
Glass eel

Materials
Expanded polystyrene.
Expanded polystyrene container.
Container must be provided with ventilation slots.
Container must be designed to prevent water spillage upon inclination of the container at
23° angle from the horizontal level.
Total quantity of baby eel, ice and water per container must be limited in accordance with
the Principles of Design of this container requirement taking the amount of melting water
which can be produced by the ice also into account.

The floor of the container must be lined with a wet sponge.
The lid and container, or containers when stacked, must be secured by strips at two
points.
Special labels “Live Baby Eel” and “This Way Up” labels or proper marking must be
provided on the containers.
3. FEEDING GUIDE
No feeding is required during transportation.
4. GENERAL CARE AND LOADING
Containers must be kept at horizontal level at all times and proper treatment must be
provided to protect water spillage during transportation.
Example

Applicable to:
Beluga Narwhal
Dolphin species Porpoise species
Dugong Sea cow
Killer whale Whale species
Manatee species

Materials
Aluminium, canvas, fibreglass, foam rubber, plastics, PVC and wood.
Ancillary equipment – mechanical hand sprayer.
Example
Example
Note:
These species require very specialised handling and the guidelines in this Container
Requirement are only the general principles that can be applied to their shipment. Their
transport must only be undertaken by those shippers and carriers that can fulfill all the
specialised needs of the species concerned.
Construct a waterproof box, made from wood with plastics liner, or wood and fibreglass,
or moulded fibreglass, or construct a tubular aluminium frame with waterproof liner.
The size will permit one animal to be suspended in a stretcher of canvas or other suitable
material supported on a foam rubber pad. Slits must be made in the stretcher to allow the
flippers to protrude outside the stretcher. The marine mammal is accustomed to
weightless environment in water and, therefore, when out of water may be unduly
affected by gravity.
The container must be long enough to prevent the animal injuring itself when moving the
sling. A clearance of 20 cm (8 in) must be present at the front and rear of the animal and
between the sides of the stretcher bars and sides of the container.
The container must be watertight.
Critical areas of the body, e.g. under flippers, dorsal fin, tail fluke and head must be
thoroughly covered with lanolin/petroleum jelly compound ointment, zinc oxide (or
combination of each) to protect against over–heating by retaining moisture, if
moisturising by the attendant during flight is not possible.
Padded restraining belts must be firmly but not forcibly, fastened over the animal to
prevent violent jumps. With regard to the shipment of manatees, special restraining
straps must be used to prevent rolling.
3. FEEDING GUIDE
No feeding is required during transportation.
An attendant is required who must have access to the animal(s) at all times.
No attendant must be in care of more than four animals. Attendant must have
mechanical hand sprayer available.
Water must not be sprayed over the head of the animal nor near the breathing hole
(blowhole), or in the case of the manatee or dugong, nostrils.
Aquatic mammals carried in slings travel better when loaded transversely across the
aircraft.
Applicable to:
all live corals, including the orders antipatharia, scleractinia and classes alcyonaria and
hydrozoa.
Note:
This container requirement must not apply to rock devoid of live coral.
OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09

Materials
Cardboard, fibreboard, or other equivalent outer container material. Expanded
polystyrene, styrofoam, or other equivalent insulating material.
Requirements outlined at the beginning of this section.
Outer Container
The outer container must be constructed of corrugated cardboard, expanded
polystyrene, styrofoam, or other equivalent packaging material strong enough to contain
the weight of water and resist crushing during transport. The inner surface of the outer
container must be smooth and non–abrasive.
Inner Container
Requirements of live corals: Strong plastic (polyethylene or equivalent) bag or other
equivalent container large enough to accommodate the specimen and deep enough so
that it can be sealed to prevent leakage. The bag must be able to be opened and
resealed without endangering the animals within. It is preferable that the bag(s) be
placed in an outer bag of similar size so as to prevent water leakage.
Insulation/Cushioning
Expanded polystyrene or styrofoam contained of at least 1.25 cm (½ in) thickness on all
sides must be provided. Other equivalent suitable insulating materials may be used.
2. PREPARATIONS BEFORE DISPATCH (see Chapters 5 and 6)
Shippers are advised to pack one piece per inner container (see Dry Method for
exceptions). Bags must be packed carefully so as to minimise crushing during transport.
Recommended Methods of shipping Live Corals
Wet Methods (not suitable to all species)

(a) Animals must be placed in strong transparent plastic bags or equivalent containers
large enough to accommodate the specimens. The inner bag must be filled with water
adequate enough to submerge the specimens. The remainder of the bag must be filled
with oxygen. It is preferable that each bag is placed in an outer bag to prevent water
leakage. Newspaper or other material may be used between the bags to minimise
punctures.
(b) Corals can be attached to a “float” and then placed into plastic bags or equivalent
containers with adequate water to flat the specimen.
Dry Methods (not suitable to all species)
(a) Live corals are wrapped in 1.25 – 2.5 cm (½ – 1 in) wide flexible plastic strips. The
specimens are then placed in sturdy, waterproof plastic (or equivalent material)
containers sufficiently large to hold them. Each container with the specimen(s) within is
then dunked in sea water to fill it, then drained. The container is then filled with oxygen
prior to being sealed and the lid is sealed with tape. These containers are placed within a
styrofoam, polystyrene, or similar equivalent box, and handled as above.
(b) Live corals may be wrapped in individual black and white sheets of newspaper,
dunked in sea water and placed in styrofoam, polystyrene or similar equivalent insulating
box and handled as above. Corals must be placed in a box in such a way as to avoid
damaging each other during transit.
Modifications of these shipping methods may be used to minimise damage and mortality.
Shippers must pack corals to survive unattended for at least 48 hours from time of
acceptance by the airline.
The outer container must be labelled in accordance with instructions in Chapter 9.
Care must be exercised to avoid handling the primary enclosure in a manner likely to
cause physical damage to the animals within. Such closures must not be dropped, tipped
excessively, or otherwise mishandled and must not be stacked or placed in such a
manner that they may fall over.
Shipments of live coral must be held in areas minimising exposure to sunlight and
temperature extremes to keep heat transfer to a minimum.

Applicable to:
Conch Mussel
Crab Oyster
Crayfish Shrimp
Lobster
Mollusc, n.o.s.
OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 QF-01 UA-01

Materials
Fibreboard, polyethylene and wood, expanded polystyrene/styrofoam (EPS).
A regular slotted corrugated fibreboard container may be used, provided that it is lined
with leak–proof material. In the case of other containers, the inner walls must be leak–
proof by either waxing or lining with polyethylene sheet or other suitable material.
There must be an air space over the animals in order to meet their oxygen requirements.
Iron–looped leak–proof wooden kegs are used for Mollusca. When ice is used for
cooling, container must be leak–proof.
For insulation purposes, it is recommended that expanded polystyrene inserts be used in
the container (not required for purpose built expanded polystyrene/styrofoam container).
The purpose built EPS container must have sides, floor and top of a minimum thickness
of 3.2 cm (1 3/8 in) for smaller containers and 3 cm (½ in) for larger containers.
Suitable adhesive filament tape that does not loosen if exposed to moisture or low
temperatures must be passed twice around the box. Plastic or metal strapping must not
be used.
The “This Way Up” and “Live Animal” labels may be imprinted on the container.
Example

Lobsters must be pre–cooled in water to 2°C (35°F) before packing.
Interior protection — seaweed dampened with the saltwater or dry wood shavings may
be used. Also, damp rags may be used for crabs.
Ice or frozen gel packed in polyethylene bags, or other leak–proof containers, may be
used when required for maintaining low temperature during transportation but must not
come into contact with the live contents of the container.
3. FEEDING GUIDE
The need to feed any of these species during the journey must not arise.
As crustaceans are loaded in standard cargo containers, it is most important that they be
handled as live animal consignments and jolting particularly avoided. Extreme heat and
cold must also be avoided. Crustaceans being packaged at average temperature of 4°C
(39°F) will start deteriorating rapidly after 36 hours.
Warning: Containers must not be placed in direct sunlight or in draughty areas.

Applicable to:
Ground snails
Terrestrial and arboreal hermit crab
STATE VARIATIONS: GBG-01 GBG-02 GBG-04

Materials
Hardboard, plywood, wire mesh and wood.
The General Container Requirements outlined at the beginning of this chapter must be
met.
For snails, the container must not be filled to more than two thirds of its internal volume,
so as to prevent breakage of the packaging in the event that the snails must emerge from
their shells.
For hermit crabs, do not overcrowd. The bottom of the container should not be covered
with animals to more than three quarters of its surface. Floor must not be slippery.
3. FEEDING GUIDE
The need to feed any of these species during the journey must not arise.

Special care must be taken to avoid exposure to extreme temperatures. Particularly
during cold weather, snails lie dormant for prolonged periods and therefore, must, not be
presumed dead.
Warning: Containers must not be placed in direct sunlight or in draughty areas.
Example

The illustrations shown in this container requirement are for general
information only. This type of container is tested and approved by the Seafood Air
Transport Committee in Australia (Packing Method No. 12). The combined
container and oxygen system meets the requirements of current IATA Dangerous
Goods Regulations Manual and in particular Special Provision A202.
Note:
distinguish this container from that described in Container Requirement 60 (CR
60). The only external difference is the presence of Dangerous Goods labels on
these containers, and the absence of an air inlet port.
Applicable to:
Live aquatic animals (particularly in bulk)
Including vingerlings, marine invertebrates and large public display type fish
Materials
Polyethylene, aluminum, oxygen cylinder, regulator, diffuser, hose.
Use of a continuous oxygen supply permits transport of live aquatic animals at a higher
animal to water ratio than would otherwise be possible. These containers represent a
significant capital investment to the shipper and can be returned empty by air, sea, rail or
road.
The basic container element is a rugged commercial molded bin approximately 1.2 m
cube. The bin has rigid polyethylene inner and outer skins approximately 6 mm thick
separated by, and bonded to, a rigid polyurethane insulation foam core to produce a total
wall thickness of about 50 mm. The lid is of similar construction. In their original form
(without oxygen supply) the bins are commonly used to transport wet (dead) fish packed
in ice for food supply purposes.
In this application (or containment system) a polyethylene bulkhead is welded inside the
bin as shown in the illustration. This bulkhead incorporates a recess to contain an oxygen
cylinder, and an access hatch. The hatch seals the bulkhead and carries a non–spill vent
system and foam trap. The standard bin lid protects the contents, but is not sealed to the
bin in order that spent gas may escape.
The oxygen cylinder is a standard industrial aluminum cylinder of approximately 24 liters
water capacity fitted with a purpose designed and patented oxygen regulator that is
approved under the DGR. Oxygen flow rate can be between 1 liter to a maximum of 5
liters per minute (refer SPA202) the oxygen is dispersed into the water through a ceramic
diffuser by ultra fine bubbles 100 – 500 microns in size.

The carriage of this volume of oxygen is controlled under the DGR. Therefore only
approved shippers are allowed to consign these consignments. These shippers have
also undertaken a training course regarding maintenance of the equipment and
preparation of the shipment (including documentation). Approval of the competent
authorities in the countries of origin and destination are required.

The aquatic animals are normally purged for at least 24 hours prior to shipment.
The packing of the container/bin is conducted at least 1 hour prior to dispatch to the
airport. For example for the container bin displayed below (FishPac LFP800B) one can
expect an average payload of 360 kg live fish at 1 kg each in 550 liters of water.
Note:
the consignment classifies as Dangerous Goods.
Due to the lead time required to secure shipping approvals under the DGR, and the
highly perishable nature of the consignment, these containers are normally only used for
regular shipments on routes where period approvals have been obtained from competent
authorities.
The containers have the external dimensions of approx 1.2 m cube, and an approved
average unit weight of about 1,000 kg, and are therefore suitable for mechanical handling
only. Tunnels and slots for forklift blades are built in to the container. Although the
containers have a large mass and are well insulated, they should not be left in direct
sunlight for extended periods.
Normal practice is for a freight forwarder to deliver the container to the airline secured to
a suitable ULD. Shipment is almost always by wide–bodied passenger aircraft or cargo
aircraft. No attendant is required. The shipment carries sufficient oxygen to allow for a
50% over–run on the scheduled flight time.
Note:
Cylinder capacities vary from country to country, as a guide 3500 liters of
compressed oxygen will allow for 3–4 hours packing and delivery to airport, 14–16
hours flight time, 3–6 hours unloading and delivery time at destination.
If the departure is significantly delayed, the shipper should be notified. Never alter the
regulator setting. If the flight is diverted, no attempt to replenish the oxygen should be
made by unauthorized personnel.
Note that the DGR limit the number of these containers that may be carried, as a function
of the volume of the aircraft hold. Airlines with approval to carry are aware of the
limitations and have their own comprehensive checklist and acceptance procedures.
Example
Note:
Illustration by courtesy of FishPac.
CONTAINER REQUIREMENT 60 — AERATION SYSTEM

The illustrations shown in this container requirement are for general
information only. In Australia, this container is tested and approved by the
Seafood Air Transport Committee (Packing Method No. 11).
Note:
distinguish this container from that described in Container Requirement 59. The
only external differences are labeling and the presence of the hooded air inlet on
these containers. This containment system uses an aeration mechanism rather
than a compressed gas oxygen cylinder to supply the aquatics with oxygen. It
does not require dangerous goods approval certificates from civil aviation
authorities.
Applicable to:
Live aquatic animals (particularly in bulk)
Including vingerlings, marine invertebrates and large public display type fish
Materials
Polyethylene, aluminium. Polyurethane insulation. Motor and pump (must pass the
electromagnetic compatibility tests: refer to EMC/EMI requirements of RTCA/DO–160D).
Batteries compliant with Special Provision A67 of the IATA Dangerous Goods
Regulations.
Diffuser, hose
Use of aeration permits transport of live aquatic animals at a higher animal to water ratio
than would be possible without the use of oxygen.
These containers represent a significant capital investment to the shipper and can be
returned empty by air, sea, rail or road.
The basic container element is a rugged commercial molded bin approximately 1.2 m
cube. This has rigid polyethylene inner and outer skins approximately 6 mm thick
separated by, and bonded to, a rigid polyurethane insulation core to produce a total wall
thickness of about 50 mm. The lid is of similar construction. In their original form these
bins are commonly used to transport wet (dead) fish packed in ice.
In this application a polyethylene bulkhead is welded inside the bin as shown in the
illustration. This bulkhead incorporates a recess to contain the aeration module, and an
access hatch. The hatch seals the bulkhead and carries a non–spill vent system and
foam trap. The standard bin lid protects the contents, but is not sealed to the bin in order
that spent gas may escape.
A shielded air intake on one side of the bin allows the pump to draw fresh air, which is
then fed into the water through a micro–bubble diffuser at a flow rate of some 40 liters
per minute.

Shippers that use these containers are trained by the original equipment manufacturer
(container manufacturer) in bin maintenance and operational procedures. The bin
manufacturer provides for maintenance and operating manuals. There are also
maintenance requirements imposed by the airlines and some competent authorities.
Compliance with these is a part of the shipping documentation. The below illustrated
containment system does not meet the classification criteria of the DGR and is not a
dangerous good.

The aquatic animals are normally purged for at least 24 hours prior to shipment.
Water for shipping the fish is specially prepared by the shipper and particular care is
given to the water Ph, temperature and salinity. These bins will normally hold the
temperature of the water to within 5% – 7% over 72 hours.
Note:
the consignment does not classify as Dangerous Goods.
The packing of the container/bin is conducted at least 1 hour prior to dispatch to the
airport. For example for the container bin displayed below, one can expect an average
payload of 240 kg live fish at 1 kg each in 360 – 500 liters of water.
The containers have the external dimensions of approximately 1.2 m cube, and an
average unit weight of about 1,000 kg, and are therefore suitable for mechanical handling
only. Tunnels and slots for forklift blades are built in to the container. Because the
batteries, pump and motor weight are all located on the same side of the bin, empty
containers have an eccentric centre of gravity, and therefore forklift limitations must be
observed.
Although the containers have a large mass and are well insulated, they should not be left
in direct sunlight for extended periods.
Normal practice is for a freight forwarder to deliver the container to the airline secured to
a suitable ULD. Shipment is almost always by wide–bodied passenger aircraft or cargo
aircraft. No attendant is required.
These containers must not be loaded close to other cargo that discharges gases (e.g.
cargo cooled by dry ice, or containers of type 59) for CO2 from the dry ice or latent
oxygen from an aeration bin will cause fish to die.
Example
Note:
Illustration by courtesy of FishPac.

IATA-Live Animal Regulations

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Live Animal Regulations 2009 Page 1 of 23

Live Animal Regulations 2009

GENERAL CONTAINER REQUIREMENTS FOR AQUATICS (CR 51

be accompanied by experienced handlers who understand the needs of these creatures.

The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.

OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 JL-01 LH-02 QF-01 UA-01

approximately 0.6 cm (¼ in) thickness of newspaper or other fibrous material sandwiched

2. PREPARATIONS BEFORE DISPATCH

The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.

OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 JL-01 QF-01 UA-01

The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.

OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 QF-01

The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.

OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 QF-01

which can be produced by the ice also into account.

The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.

OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 QF-01

OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09

Wet Methods (not suitable to all species)

The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.

OPERATOR VARIATIONS: CO-04 CO-05 CO-09 QF-01 UA-01

2. PREPARATIONS BEFORE DISPATCH (see Chapter 5)

The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.

STATE VARIATIONS: GBG-01 GBG-02 GBG-04

4. GENERAL CARE AND LOADING (see Chapters 5 and 10)

The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.

2. PREPARATIONS BEFORE DISPATCH

3. GENERAL CARE AND LOADING

CONTAINER REQUIREMENT 60 — AERATION SYSTEM

The illustrations shown in this Container Requirement are examples only.

2. PREPARATIONS BEFORE DISPATCH

3. GENERAL CARE AND LOADING

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