VIT University - Vellore

School of Mechanical Engineering (SMEC)

Thermal Engineering Systems (MEE 2003) – Slot: C1 & C2
Fall Semester 2018-19 Assignment No. – 1
Done By:Vedant Karnatak Reg No:17BEM0049
Made suitable assumptions wherever necessary.

1. Discuss the stages of normal combustion process phenomena in SI and CI engines with
pressure-crank angle diagram.

For SI engines:

Here; A-B is the Ignition Lag.

B-C involves Propagation of flame.
C-D is the After Burning stage.
The process on the left of TDC is Compression Stroke & the process on the right is Expansion
or Power stroke.
A - The point of spark forming.
B - The point of the start of combustion.
C - Attainment of Maximum Pressure.
D - End of combustion.
Now, if the final temperature is greater than and equal to the auto-ignition temperature, the
charge BB´D auto-ignites.

A second flame front develops and moves in opposite direction, where the collision occurs
between the flames.

This causes severe pressure pulsation, and leads to engine SPARK KNOCKING.

For CI engines:

I. Ignition delay: A→B

II. Premixed combustion (Rapid or Uncontrolled combustion): B→C

III. Controlled combustion: C→D

IV. Late combustion or After burning: D →E

Ignition delay is defined as the time (or crank angle interval) from
when the fuel injection starts to the onset of combustion.
Knock in CI engines is related to delay period. When DP is longer, there will
be more and more accumulation of fuel droplets in combustion chamber.
This leads to a too rapid a pressure rise due to ignition, resulting in
jamming of forces against the piston and rough engine operation. When the
DP is too long, the rate of pressure rise is almost instantaneous with more
accumulation of fuel.

2. Explain TCI & CDI ignition system with suitable diagrams.

This is the Trasistorized Coil Ignition System or TCI

This is the Capacitive Discharge Ignition System or CDI

3. A single cylinder and stroke cycle I.C. engine when tested, the following observations
available: Area of indicator diagram = 3 sq.cm, Length of indicator diagram = 4 cm, Spring
constant = 10 bar/cm, Speed of engine = 400 rpm, Brake drum diameter = 120 cm, Dead
 weight on brake = 380 N, Spring balance reading = 50 N, Fuel consumption= 2.8 kg/hr., CV =
42000 kJ/kg, Cylinder diameter = 16 cm, Piston stroke = 20 cm. Find: (i) F.P., (ii) Mechanical
efficiency, (iii) bsfc, and (iv) Brake thermal efficiency.
4. During the trial (60 minutes) on a single cylinder oil engine having cylinder diameter 300mm,
stroke 450mm and working on the 4-s cycle, the following the observations were made:
Total fuel used = 9.6 litres; A/F = 32 :1; CV of fuel = 45000 kJ/kg; total no. of revolutions =
12624; gross indicated mep = 7.24 bar; pumping indicated mep = 0.34 bar; net load on the
brake = 3150 N; diameter of the brake wheel drum= 1.78 m; diameter of the rope = 40mm;
o
cooling water circulated = 545 litres; cooling water temperature rise= 25 C; exhaust gas
temperature = 345°C; room temp.= 25°C; specific gravity of fuel= 0.8. Determine: (i) Indicated
power, (ii) brake power, (iii) mechanical efficiency. Draw up the heat balance sheet on the
minute basis & also in percentage.
5. Air consumption for a 4-stroke SI engine is measured by means of a circular orifice of
diameter 30 mm. The Cd for the orifice is 0.63 and the pressure across the orifice is 155 mm
o
of water. The barometer reads 750 mm of Hg. Temperature of air in the room is 37 C. The
piston displacement volume is 1780 cc. the compression ratio is 6.8. The fuel consumption is
8 kg/hr and having heating value of 43.6 MJ/kg. The BP developed at 2500 rpm is 28 kW.
Determine, (a) volumetric efficiency, (b) air-fuel ratio, (c) brake mep, and (d) relative
efficiency on the brake thermal efficiency basis.

Dr. Bibhuti B. Sahoo

Associate Professor, SMEC
bb.sahoo@vit.ac.in