Control Valve Sizing

Hi-Flow™ Valve Application

Control valves are used to change process conditions such as flow, temperature, level,
and pH. A complete control system would include a sensor, controller, positioner or
current to pressure transducer, and control valve. Globe valves, such as the Dwyer Hi-
Flow™ Series, are a common type of control valve. In the example shown, a Hi-Flow™
control valve is controlling temperature by varying the amount of steam or cold water
added to the process.

It is essential to correctly size a control valve for the application so that the process
works effectively and efficiently. A control valve should be selected according to the
application flow requirement, not the line size it is installed in.

Hi-Flow™ Valve Cutaway

All control valves have a rated flow capacity expressed as the Cv rating. The valve flow
coefficient (Cv) is the number of US gallons per minute of 60 degree Fahrenheit water
that will pass through a fully open valve with a 1 psi pressure drop. For example, a Hi-
Flow™ valve with a Cv rating of 10.75 will pass 10.75 gallons per minute of water with a
pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve.

To select the proper valve for the application, it is necessary to calculate the needed
flow capacity (Cv). The necessary Cv will be dependent upon the pressure drop across
the valve. The greater the pressure drop taken across the valve, the greater the flow
through the valve. The amount of pressure drop which should be taken depends on the
specific application and the pressure available. The required application Cv is calculated
with different formulas according to the medium type (e.g., liquid, gas, or steam).

For Gas, use the equation shown with Cv dependent upon upstream pressure,
downstream pressure, pressure drop taken, volumetric flow rate needed, temperature,
and specific gravity.

If taking greater than 50% of the upstream pressure for pressure drop, use the shown
simplified equation:

Here is an example calculation for a gas application:

For steam, use the equation shown, with Cv dependent upon upstream pressure,
downstream pressure, pressure drop taken, and mass flow rate needed.

If taking greater than 50% of the upstream pressure for pressure drop, use the shown
simplified equation:

Here is an example calculation for a steam application:

For liquid service, the pressure drop must not exceed 50% of the upstream pressure.
Use the equation shown with Cv dependent upon upstream pressure, downstream
pressure, pressure drop taken, volumetric flow rate needed, and specific gravity.
Here is an example calculation for a liquid application:

Once the required Cv is determined, selection of the proper size control valve can be
obtained by comparing the calculated application required Cv to the Cv values for the
Hi-Flow™ valves. To size properly, it is best to increase the required Cv by 10 to 15% to
account for different operating conditions. In addition, the minimum required controllable
flow should fall within the rangeability of the valve. The rangeability of Hi-Flow™ valves
is 50 to 1. For example, if a Hi-Flow™ valve was chosen with a Cv of 10.75, then the
minimum controllable Cv would be 10.75 divided by 50 (a quotient of 0.215).  The Cv
values for the High Flow™ valves are shown on the Dwyer catalog pages and
instruction manuals on our website. Shown below are the Cv values for the Hi-Flow™
valves with full ports and linear characteristics.
 Control Valve Cv
calculation
In deciding the size of the control valve that (Port Size) we need to calculate
the Cv value of the process (Calculated Cv) by calculating Cv has educated
more than 50 years, which is involved in. such as the Renault number
(Reynolds number), flow rate (Flow), the Shock (Choking), the involved joints
in pipes (Fitting) and the other by the values of these.
This reference standard IEC 60534-2-1: 1998 (International Electro technical
Commission), which is standard valve manufacturer mainly quoted.
The coefficient Cv IEC standards are highly complex.
I recommend using the control valve manufacturer has provided. However, to
be considered under the verification e Cv easier we have a simple formula Cv
value can be calculated following them.
Cv value calculation

A) Simple Cv Value Formula: Case of the Liquid

Q L : Flow rate (m3 / H).

△ P : Differential pressure (kg / cm 2 )
G L : Specific Gravity (Water = 1)
B) imple Cv Value Formula: Case of the Gas
I) Non-choked flow   ΔP <P1 / 2

Q G  :  Flow rate (M 3 / H @ 15 o C , 1atm.)

△ P :   Differential pressure (kg / cm 2 )
G G :   Specific Gravity (Air = 1)
T :  Temperature ( o C)
P M :  (P1 P2) / 2
II) choked flow ΔP ≥ P1 / 2

Q G   :  Flow rate (M 3 / H @ 15 o C, 1atm.)

P 1    :   Inlet pressure (kgf / cm 2 , ABS)
G G   :   Specific Gravity (Air = 1)
T  :  Temperature ( o C)
C) Simple Cv Value Formula: Case of the Steam (Vapor)
I) Saturation Vapor: Non-choked flow   ΔP <P1 / 2

Q s  :   Flow rate (kg / H)

Y    :    Vapor Correction factor (Water Vapor = 19.4)
△ P :   Differential pressure (kg / cm 2 )
P M:   (P1 P2) / 2
II) Vapor Saturation: choked flow ΔP ≥ P1 / 2

Q s :  Flow rate (kg / H)

Y   :   Vapor Correction factor (Water Vapor = 19.4)
P 1 :   Inlet pressure (kgf / cm 2 ABS.)
III) Wet Vapor: Non-choked flow   ΔP <P1 / 2

Q s  :  Flow rate (kg / H)

X    :  Quality of Vapor (X = 1 is Dry Steam)
Y  :    Vapor Correction factor (Water Vapor = 19.4)
△ P :  Differential pressure (kg / cm 2 )
P M:  (P1 P2) / 2
IV) Wet Vapor: choked flow ΔP ≥ P1 / 2

Q s :  Flow rate (kg / H)

X  :    Quality of Vapor (X = 1 is Dry Steam)
Y :     Vapor Correction factor (Water Vapor = 19.4)
P 1 :  Inlet pressure (kgf / cm 2 ABS.)
v) Superheated Vapor: Non-choked flow   ΔP <P1 / 2

Q s  :  Flow rate (kg / H)

Y  :    Vapor Correction factor (Water Vapor = 19.4)
△ P : Differential pressure (kg / cm 2 )
S :   Superheat ( o C)
P M :  (P1 P2) / 2
VI) Superheated Vapor: choked flow ΔP ≥ P1 / 2

Q s :  Flow rate (kg / H)

Y :     Vapor Correction factor (Water Vapor = 19.4)
S :     Superheat ( o C)
P 1 :  Inlet pressure (kgf / cm 2 ABS)
In the example for calculating it. Time calculation aware of it. The
manufacturing unit will have a total abs.
Example # 1
Application : Fluid Water

Flow rate 50 M 3 / HR.

Inlet Pressure 10 kgf / cm 2 G.
Outlet Pressure 5 kgf / cm 2 G.
Pressure different 5 kgf / cm 2 G.
Temperature 120 degree C

Density 943 kg / M 3

Because the fluid is a liquid So we will use the formula

Q L = 50 M 3 / HR.

G L = 943 kg / M 3   Convert to (UNIT Water = 1) = 0.943.
ΔP = 5 kg / cm 2.
So,

Cv = 1.17 (50) x sqrt (0.943 / 5).

Cv = 25.4

================================================== =====
Example # 2
Application : Fluid Gas

Flow rate 48,000 Sm3 / hr

Inlet Pressure 32 kgf / cm2 Convert to absolute pressure = 33.03 kgf / cm2
(A).

Outlet Pressure 15 kgf / cm2 convert to absolute pressure = 16.03 kgf / cm2
(A).

Pressure different 17 kgf / cm 2.

Temperature 240 degree C

Density 0.86 Air = 1

Because the fluid is a gas and ΔP ≥ P1 / 2 so we will use the formula.
Cv = (48000 / (248 × 33.03)) x sqrt (0.86 x (273 240)).

Cv = 123.08