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6.3.

EXAMPLE OF TRANSMISSION RATIO ASSESSMENT

6.3.1. Power-split hydro-mechanical transmission


The transmission input shaft is to the left (i), and the output shaft to the right (o), figure
6.4.
The elements of the planetary unit will be noted with:
a – the sun gear
b – the planet carrier
c – the crown gear
s – the planet gear

The elements of the hydrodynamic torque converter will be noted with:


P – the pump rotor
R – the reactor (stator)
T – the turbine rotor

The kinematics of the planetary unit comply with the Willis equation:
ωa – ωb·(1 – i0) – ωc·i0 = 0
where
i0 = (-1)Na·(zc/za)
is the internal transmission ratio of the planetary unit, where Na is the number of the external
gearing in the planetary unit. In this case, Na = 1, because only the wheels a and s presents
external meshing, and i0 will have a negative value (i0 < 0).

The kinematics of the hydrodynamic torque converter is indicated by the definition


equation of the torque converter speed ratio (raportul de transfer cinematic):
xtc = ωT/ωP = 1/itc (0 ≤ xtc ≤ 1)
where itc = ωP/ωT is the true transmission ratio of the torque converter (xtc is the inverse of itc).

Fig. 6.4. Example scheme of a power-split hydro-mechanical transmission with the power-
split device at the input
To obtain the speed ratio of the full hydro-mechanical transmission
xhm = ωo/ωi = 1/ihm
all the equations governing the behaviour of that hydro-mechanical transmission will be
written (the connection equations, the Willis equation and the definition equation of the
torque converter speed ratio):
ωo = ωT
ωT = ωP · xtc definition equation of the torque converter speed ratio
ωa = ωP
ωc = ωo
ωb = ωi
ωa – ωb·(1 – i0) – ωc·i0 = 0 Willis equation

With the intention to keep only the transmission input and output angular speeds ωi and

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ωo, by successive substitution, it obtains the angular speed equations of the planetary-unit
central elements (shafts):
ωa = ωP = ωT/xtc = ωo/xtc
ωb = ωi
ωc = ωo
These equations will be introduced in the Willis equation of the planetary unit
ωo/xtc – ωi·(1 – i0) – ωo·i0 = 0
Then it separates the terms containing ωi and ωo
ωo/xtc – ωo·i0 = ωi·(1 – i0)
ωo·(1/xtc – i0) = ωi·(1 – i0)
that permits to write the speed ratio of the full hydro-mechanical transmission:
xhm = ωo/ωi = (1 – i0)/(1/xtc – i0) = xtc·(1 – i0)/(1 – xtc·i0)
Adopting a value for i0 and giving values to xtc between 0 and 1 it obtains the speed
ratio spread (domeniul rapoartelor de transmitere) of the power-split hydro-mechanical
transmission in figure 6.4.

Homework 1
Realizes the graphic of the speed ratio spread of the power-split hydro-mechanical
transmission in figure 6.4.

Homework 2
Obtains (and realizes the graphic) of the speed ratio spread of the power-split hydro-
mechanical transmission in figure 6.5.

Fig. 6.5. Schemes of power-split hydro-mechanical transmission with the power-split device
at the output

Homework 3
Obtains the transmission ratios of the planetary (epicyclic) transmission in the example
PROJECT / p1 example-Ravigneaux transmission
existent on MOODLE.
Then, considering the first gear, obtains the speed ratio spread ensured ty the
hydrodynamic torque converter.

Realizes the point p3-Speed Ratios of your project

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