Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 (1993) 2, 285-306 12.07.

1993

An Annotated Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

(Amphibia: Gymnophiona and Caudata) in the
Zoological Museum, Berlin
AARONM. BAUER,DAVIDA. GOOD& RAINERGUNTHER

Abstract. A complete catalogue is provided of the type specimens of caecilians and salamanders in
the herpetological collections of the Zoological Museum, Berlin as of September, 1992. Excluding
putative types of questionable status, the collection contains 15 caecilian type specimens representing
13 taxa (9 presently regarded as valid) and 58 salamander type specimens representing 22 taxa (12 of
which are regarded as valid). An additional eight named taxa were represented in the ZMB collections
by type material that has been lost.

Key words: Amphibia; Caudata; Gymnophiona; type catalogue; Zoological Museum, Berlin

The amphibian and reptile collections of the Zoological Museum, Berlin, include a large
number of types representing most major groups, largely stemming from the work of
WILHELMPETERS. Thus caecilians, which were of special interest to PETERSand later to
FRITZNIEDEN,are well represented by primary types. PETERS’(1880) major work on
caecilians has been regarded by TAYLOR (1968) as one of the most significant contributions
to gymnophione systematics. PETERS (1880) recognized 11 genera (all of which are still
considered valid) and 31 species. NIEDEN(1913) continued caecilian research at Berlin and
produced the first treatment of the group in the series “Das Tierreich”, in which he
recognized 56 species in 19 genera. TORNIER and AHL also published on the group. Thus,
prior to the work of EDWARDTAYLOR, the Zoological Museum, Berlin, served as the
primary focus for systematic work on the Gymnophiona in central Europe. The ZMB
collection currently includes 15 type specimens of caecilians (six holotypes, one lectotype,
five syntypes, three paratypes) representing 13 named taxa, nine of which are presently
regarded as valid at the specific level. Four holotypes that were at one time catalogued
into the ZMB collections could not be located.
In contrast to caecilians, salamanders were not intensively studied by PETERS or his
successors and consequently most ZMB salamander types are paratypes or syntypes. Among
these are historically important Japanese specimens from VON SIEBOLD’S journey that
were described by TEMMINCK & SCHLECEL (1838). The ZMB collections include 58 type
specimens of salamanders (nine holotypes, one lectotype, 32 syntypes, seven paralectotypes,
nine paratypes), representing 22 named taxa, 12 of which are presently regarded as
valid at the specific level. Two additional holotypes have been lost from the collection.
Several salamander taxa are represented by putative syntypes or paratypes in the ZMB
collection.
The format of this catalogue follows that of the earlier gekkonid (BAUER& GUNTHER,
1991)and anguimorph (GOODet al. 1993) catalogues. Abbreviations and museum acronyms
286 A. M. BAUERet al., Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

follow LEVITON et al. (1985). The following acronyms, not used in the earlier catalogues,
are employed here :

IRSNB = Institute Royal des Sciences Natureles de Belgique (Brussels)

KHMM = Kulturhistorisches Museum, Magdeburg
MSNG = Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova ‘Giacomo Doria’
MSNTO = Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Torino
RMNH = Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie (Leiden)
ZMH = Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Hamburg
ZMM = Moscow State University, Zoological Museum
ZMUC = Zoological Museum, Kobenhavns Universitet

Unless otherwise noted FROST

(1985) is used as the authority for current names.

Gymnophiona

Caeciliidae

Boulengerulu boulengeri TORNIER(1 897 : 164)

Lectotype: (here designated) ZMB 13224A,adult; “Usumbara” [Tanga Division, Tanza-

nia]; coll. G. EISMANN;1895.
Paralectotype: ZMB 13224B, adult; same data as lectotype.
Remarks: TORNIER(1897) mentioned five specimens in the type description. One of these was
exchanged to the British Museum and now bears the number BMNH 1946.9.5.1 (formerly BMNH
1895.11.15.3). NIEDEN(1912) remarked that only three of the original ZMB syntypes were present,
one of which was exchanged in 1925 and now bears the number AMNH 23504. TAYLOR(1968) was
unable to find either of the remaining ZMB types, although both are now present in the collection.
The larger specimen (239 mm TL) appears to be that upon which the measurements provided by
TORNIER(1897) were based. On this evidence we designate this specimen as the lectotype. The smaller
(191 mm TL) ZMB specimen and the BMNH and AMNH animals therefore become paralectotypes.
The whereabouts of the fifth specimen from the type series is unknown. TAYLOR(1968: Fig. 178)
erroneously referred to EHT-HMS 4648 as a paratype.

Boulengerulu denhardti NIEDEN(19 12: 199)

Holotype: ZMB 22350, adult?; “Gebiet des Tanaflusses im siidlichen Britisch-Ostafrika”

[Kenya]; coll. C. DENHARDT.

Present name: Schistometopum gregorii (BOULENGER,

1894)
R e m a r k : TAYLOR(1968) did not examine the type of Boulengerula denhardti in the course of his
revision of the Gymnophiona.

Caecilia Guntheri see Caecilia guntheri in APPENDIX I1

Caecilia guntheri see APPENDIX I1

Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 (1993) 2 287

Caecilia polyzona FISCHER

in PETERS(1880 : 936)

Lect o t y p e: (designated by TAYLOR1969a: 282) ZMB 9524, adult female; “Carceres

[ = Ciceres], Provinz Antioquia (Neu Granada)” [Colombia]; coll. T. GROSSKOPF.

Prese n t n am e: Oscaecilia polyzona (FISCHER,1880)

Remarks: We follow TAYLOR(1968) and WAKE(in FROST1985) in regarding the description of this
taxon in PETERS (1880) as predating FISCHER’S (1880) more extended comments, although it is evident
that the latter paper was intended as the type description. FISCHER (1 880) and PETERS(1 880) indicated
that there were only two specimens upon which the type description was based. One of these (ZMB 9630)
was exchanged to AMNH in 1925. DUNN(1 942) listed the whereabouts of the Berlin type as “unknown”
and TAYLOR(1968) stated that it was lost as of 1959. However, the specimen was rediscovered and
designated as the lectotype by TAYLOR(1969a). AMNH 23499 is a paralectotype. NMW 9141 has
been regarded as an additional type (HAUPL& TIEDEMANN 1978), but this specimen was regarded by
TAYLOR(1969a) as topotypic only. An additional specimen, ZMB 9495, is listed in the type cards of
ZMB as a type, but this would appear to be in error.

Dermophis flaviventer AHL ( 1926: 192)

Ho lot y p e: ZMB 29988, adult; “Seychellen”; coll./don. [crew of] S.M.S. Planet; 1904.

Present n a m e : Grandisonia sechellensis (BOULENGER,

1911)

Dermophis larvatus AHL (1 934 : 284)

Ho lot y p e: ZMB 34529, larva; “Seychellen”; coll. A. MERIAN,1913.

Prese n t n am e: Grandisonia larvata (AHL, 1934)

R e m a r k s : The type specimen was not seen by TAYLOR(1968) but had been examined by PARKER
(1958) who regarded it as the young of Hypogeophis angusticeps PARKER, 1941.

Grandisonia larvata see Dermophis larvata

Grandisonia sechellensis see Dermophis flaviventer

Gymnophis multiplicata see APPENDIX I

Iierpele multiplicata see APPENDIX I

Hypogeophis giintheri BOULENGER

(1882: 97; pl. 7, fig. 1)

P a r a t y p e : ZMB 10407, fetus; “Zanzibar” [Tanzania] (in error, see Remarks); coll. Sir
J. KIRK,don. British Museum (Natural History).
288 A. M. BAUERet al., Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

Present name: Hypogeophis rostratus guentheri (see TAYLOR

1968, 1969a).
R e m a r k s : The holotype is BMNH 1946.9.6.19 (formerly BMNH 1876.10.10.6), an adult female of
total length 260 mm. The description mentions the existence of six fetuses, of which ZMB 10407 is
one. PARKER(1941, 1948) indicated that the type locality is in error and that the name was applicable
to populations of Hypogeophis rostratus from Frigate Island in the granitic Seychelles, although he
made no formal restriction of the type locality.

Hypogeophis rostratus guentheri see Hypogeophis guntheri

Microcaecilia supernumeraria TAYLOR

(1969 b : 307)

Holotype: ZMB 5268, adult; “Sgo Paulo, Brasil”; don. E. HAECKEL.

Oscaecilia polyzona see Caecilia polyzona

Schistometopum gregorii see Boulengerula denhardti

Schistometopum thomense see Siphonops brevirostris and Siphonops thomensis

Siphonops brevirostris PETERS(1874 : 6 17; pl. 1, fig. 2)

H o l o type: ZMB 491 1, adult; “Westkuste Afrikas, (Guinea)”; purch. Naturalienhandler

FRANK.

Present name: Schistometopum thomense (BOCAGE,

1873)
R e m a r k s : The type specimen was incorrectly listed as ZMB 471 1 in the description, but was corrected
by NIEDEN(1912). GORHAM (1962) identified the type locality as Rolas Island (SIo Tom6 et Principe).
TAYLOR (1965, 1968), WAKE(in FROST,1985) and LOUMONT (1992) believed erroneously that the
holotype was lost.

Siphonops thomensis BOCAGE

(1873: 244)

Syntype: ZMB 8738, adult; Siio ThomC; exch. Barboza du BOCAGE

Present name: Schistometopum thomense (BOCAGE,

1873)
Remarks: Following WAKE(in FROST,1985) the types of the Museum BOCAGE
in Lisboa are lost.

Ichthyophiidae

Cecilia malabarica see APPENDIX I1

Zchthyophis Beddomei see APPENDIX I

Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 (1993) 2 289

Zchthyophis peninsularis TAYLOR(1960: 61, figs. 9- 11)

P a r a t y p e : ZMB 9829, juvenile (TL 219 mm); “Malabar” [Kerala, India]; coll./don.
R. H. BEDDOME.

R e m a r k s : The holotype (BMNH 82.12.12.6) is from “Malabar, India”. The second paratype is
MCZ 1273 from “near Madras, India”.

Zchthyophis sikkimensis TAYLOR(1960: 91, figs. 28 - 30)

P a r a t y p e : ZMB c. 3514, adult; “Sikkim” [India]; coll. K. BOUK.

Remarks: Much confusion has surrounded the ZMB catalogue designation for this specimen.
TAYLOR,in the species description (1960) and subsequently (TAYLOR1961, 1968) incorrectly listed
the ZMB paratype as ZMB 2574. In one of these publications (TAYLOR 1961) the same specimen was
referred to as ZMB 3574. The specimen ist, in fact, not registered in the main ZMB catalogue. Rather,
it appears in the “c-register”, which includes primarily specimens that were never formally entered
into the Berlin collection. In this register the more detailed locality “zwischen Kurseong und Siliguri
[Terrai] in Sikkim” is given. The holotype (CAS 64216) is from “Darjeeling, India”. Other paratypes
are BMNH 87.1 1.2.28 from “Darjeeling, Bengal, India”, and MCZ 2685 from “Rungeet Valley, British
Sikkim”.

Uraeotyphlus malabaricus see Cecilia rnalabarica in APPENDIX I1

Typhlonectidae

Caecilia dorsalis PETERS(1 877: 459; pl., figs. 1 - 3)

Holo type: ZMB 9092, juvenile; “Angostura (Ciudad Dolivar) am Orinoco” [ = Ciudad
Bolivar, Venezuela]; coll. Dr. SACHS.

Prese n t n am e: Potomotyphlus kaupii (BERTHOLD,

1859)

Thyphlonecres natans FISCHER

in PETERS(1880: 941)

Syntypes: ZMB 9522-3, adults; “aus dem Cauca, NebenfluD mit festem Kiesgrund des
Magdalenenflusses, Neu Granada” [Colombia]; coll./don. T. GROSSKOPF,
1879.

R e m a r k s : In the type description this taxon appears under the heading Typhlonectes natans, although
PETERS (1880) listed Caecilia natans, the name used by FISCHER(1880) as a synonym. FISCHER (1 880)
mentioned five additional ZMB specimens of this taxon, as well as a single specimen in Hamburg
(ZMH), but, as indicated by TAYLOR(1968) the type description was based on only the two ZMB
specimens collected by GROSSKOPF. In addition to ZMB 9522-9523, DUNN (1942) listed ZMB 3772,
AMNH 23486, and BMNH 81.4.9.5 as type material. The number ZMB 3772, however, is carried by
a snake.
290 A. M. BAUERet al., Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

Potomotyphlus kaupii see Caecilia dorsalis

Thyphlonectes compressicauda venezuelense see APPENDIX I

Typhlonectes natans see Caecilia natans

Typhlonectes venezuelense see Typhlonectes compressicauda venezuelense in APPENDIX I

Caudata

Amby stoma tidae

Amblystoma Krausei PETERS

(1882b: 145)

Holotype: ZMB 10364, adult; “Montana, an dem Flatheadsriver” [United States of

America]; don. Dr. KRAUSE.

Present name: Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei (PETERS,1882)

Remarks: The locality “Buffalo (America septentrionalis)” also appears in the type description.
FERGUSON (1963) stated that the holotype was not known to exist. The right pes of the type is
hexadactylous.

Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei see Amblystoma Krausei

Cryptobranchidae

Andrias japonicus see Salamandra maxima

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis see Cryptobranchus terrassodactylus

Cryptobranchus terrassodactylus WELLBORN

(1936 : 63)

Holotype: ZMB 9639, adult; “Nordamerika”; coll./don. SCHOLLING.

Present name: Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (DAUDIN,1803)

Salamandra maxima TEMMINCK (1838 : 127 pl. 6 - 8)

& SCHLEGEL

Paralectotype: ZMB 30646, adult; “dans les montagnes klevkes de l’ile Nippon, situke
entre les 34 A 36 degrks de latitude borkale” [Japan]; coll./don. P. F. VON SIEBOLD
and VON
ZASTROW.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Bed. 69 (1993) 2 291

Present name: Andrias ,japonicus (TEMMINCK,

1836)
R e m a r k s : HOOCMOED (1978) indicated that SCHLECEL had exchanged salamander specimens with
the ZMB, although he did not mention this taxon specifically. The ZMB specimen, however, is
accompanied by a label clearly indicating that the specimen was received as a type. Other typical
material includes the lectotype (RMNH 2392, designated by HOOGMOED, 1978: 102) RMNH 2394,
18562, MNHN 7614 (THIREAU 1986) as well as one specimen in the BMNH collection (BOULENCER
1882). None of the type material is provided with specific locality data, but TEMMINCK & SCHLECEL
(1 838) mentioned Sakanosta, monts Suzugajama, mont Okude, Ohosaka, and Mijako as localities
where the species was known to occur. HOOGMOED (1978) accepted the first of these localities as the
restricted type locality, as one of the types (although which is uncertain) was definitely collected at
this site. The types of Salamandru maxima are also the types of the older name Triton japonicus
TEMMINCK, 1836 (HOOCMOED 1978).

(I 836: xxvi)
Trifon japonicus TEMMINCK

P a r a l e c t o t y p e : ZMB 30646, adult; “Japon”; coll./don. P. F. VON SIEBOLD

and VON ZASTROW.

Present name: Andrius juponicus (TEMMINCK,

1836)
R e m a r k s : The paralectotype of this species was catalogued into the ZMB collections as a type of
Salamandru muximu (see above), the name associated with the more detailed description of
TEMMINCK & SCHLECEL (1838). See remarks above for more extensive comments.

Hynobiidae
Hynobius naevius see Salamandra naevia

Hynobius nebulosus see Sulamandra nebulosa

Isodactylium Wosnessenskyi see APPENDIX I

Onychodactylus japonicus see Salamandra unguiculata

Ranodon Kessleri see APPENDIX I1

Ranodon sibericus see Ranodon Kessleri in APPENDIX I1

Salamandra naevia TEMMINCK (1838: 122, p. 4, figs. 4-6, pl. 5, figs. 9- 10)
& SCHLEGEL

P a r a l e c t o t y p e s : ZMB 3619, 2 adults; Japan [by implication]; exch. H. SCHLEGEL

(RMNH); 1849.

Present name: Hynobius naevius (TEMMINCK

& SCHLEGEL,
1838)
Remarks: DUNN(1923) indicated that many of the specimens constituting the large type series of
this species were distributed from Leiden to other museums. HOOCMOED (1978: 96) designated
RMNH 2306A as a lectotype and confirmed that two specimens from the type series were sent to
Berlin by SCHLECEL in 1849. Additional paralectotypes include RMNH 2305 (two larvae), RMNH 2306
(10 specimens in addition to lectotype), RMNH 18559 (HOOGMOED 1978), MCZ 7365 (DUNN1923;
HARBOUR & LOVERIDCE 1929), MNHN 4690 (THIREAU 1986) and BMNH (4 specimens) (BOULENGER
1882; DUNN1927). STEJNEGER (1907) also mentioned specimens in the collections of Copenhagen
292 A. M. BAUERet al., Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

(ZMUC), although HOOGMOED (1978), pending evidence to the contrary, did not consider this material
as part of the type series. The transactions leading to the distribution of two other probable
paralectotypes, CAS 64467-8 (SLEVIN1937), likewise could not be traced (HOOGMOED 1978), although
CAS records indicate that the specimens were received on December 3 1, 1923 and that they originated
from VON SIEBOLD’S Japanese collection. NMW 22907 has also been considered as part of the type
series (HAUPL& TIEDEMANN 1978), although no prior evidence of the exchange of Leiden Japanese
salamander types to Vienna exists. THORN (1969) regarded “Mimasaku, Bizen, Okayama” as the type
locality. The smaller of the two ZMB paralectotypes has been extensively dissected.

Salamandra nebulosa TEMMINCK (1 838 : 127, p. 4, figs. 7 -9)

& SCHLEGEL

Paralectotypes: ZMB 3620, 2 adults; Japan [by implication]; exch. H. SCHLEGEL

(RMNH); 1849.

& SCHLEGEL,
Present name: Hynobius nebulosus (TEMMINCK 1838)

Remarks: The description gives no type locality, although “mont Mitsjama . . . situks dans les
environs de Nagasaki” and “mont Hokwasan prts de Nagasaki” were mentioned as known sites where
the species occurred. THORN(1969) regarded the former site as the type locality. VON SIEBOLD and
BURGERwere mentioned as collectors of the types in the description. HOOGMOED (1978: 100) designated
RMNH 2307A as a lectotype and confirmed that two specimens from the type series were sent by
SCHLEGEL to Berlin in 1849. Other paralectotypes are RMNH 2307,2309 (20 specimens) (HOOGMOED
1978), MNHN4691, 4691A (THIREAU1986) and BMNH (2 specimens) (GRAY1850; BOULENGER
1882). STEJNECER(1907) and DUNN(1923) also reported type material in ZMUC and SMF, although
these have not been recognized as paralectotypes by HOOGMOED (1978). DUNN(1927) also reported
a putative type in the collections of the California Academy of Sciences. In fact, two speciemens,
CAS 64469-70, are present. The route of this specimen from Leiden to San Fransisco could not be
determined by H ~ ~ G M O (1978),
ED but CAS records show that the specimens were catalogued as
syntypes when they were received in 1923.

(1838: 123, p. 5, figs. 1-6)

& SCHLEGEL
Salamandra unguiculatu TEMMINCK

Paralectotype: ZMB 3633, larva; “les contrbes montueses des iles Nippon [Honshu]
et Sikok [Sikoku], particulikrement dans les provinces Sagami, Sinano, Tanba, Tazima et
Tosa, situbs entre les 33 et 36 degrbs de latitude borbale [and] . . . les monts Fakone”; exch.
H. SCHLEGEL (RMNH ); 1849.

Present name: Onychodactylus japonicus (HOUTTYN,1782)

R e m a r k s : VON SIEBOLD
is mentioned in the description as the sole collector. HOOGMOED(1978: 97)
designated RMNH 2292A as a lectotype and confirmed that three specimens from the type series of
this species were sent by SCHLEGEL to Berlin in 1849. Of the two ZMB specimens not present, one
(formerly also catalogued as ZMB 3633) was exchanged to W. BISCHOFF,then of KHMM, in 1975.
The whereabouts of the third specimen is unknown. Additional paralectotypes are RMNH 2289 (20
specimens), 2290 (8 specimens), 2291 (7 specimens), 2292 (3 specimens in addition to the lectotype)
and 18560 (HOOGMOED 1978), MNHN4692 (THIREAU1986), BMNH (2 specimens) (GRAY1850)
and MCZ 21320 (formerly part of RMNH 2290) (BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE 1946).
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 (1993) 2 293

Sdamandrella Keyserlingii DYBOWSKY

(1870: 237; pl. 7, figs. 1- 5)

Syntypes: ZMB 6877, 3 adults; ZMB 7818, 4 specimens; “Kurluk” [probably Kurluga
in the Yablonovy Khrebet, Russia]; coll./don. TACZANOWSKI [ = CZEKANOWSKI] & B.
DYBOWSKY; exch. A. STRAUCH(ZIL).
R e m a r k s : DYBOWSKY’S(1870) description mentions that hundreds of specimens were known to him,
although measurements were provided for only five. CZEKANOWSKI is mentioned as a collector of
some of the material. The localities specifically mentioned in the type description are “siidwestlicher
Winkel Baikals”, “auf den morastigen Uferwiesen der Kultuschnaja- und Pachabicha-Thder” and “in
Taurien hinter der Jablonna-Gebirgskette auf feuchten Wiesen des Ingoda-Systems”. BRAME(in FROST,
1985) stated that the types of this taxon had not been traced, but that ZIL 1482 (four specimens)
collected by D~BOWSKY and received from the Warsaw Museum in 1871 probably constitute part of
the type series. AMNH 23495 is also a syntype and was received by exchange from the ZMB collection
in 1925. The specimen is also from “Kurluk” and was certainly derived from one of the existing series
of Berlin specimens. See also Zsodactyliurn Wosnessenskyi in APPENDIX I .

Plethodontidae

Bolitoglossa adspersa see Spelerpes (Oedipus) adspersus

Bolitoglossa altamazonica see Oedipus paraensis in APPENDIX I

Bolitoglossa lignicolor see Oedipus ahli and Spelerpes (Oedipus) lignicolor

Bolitoglossa yucatana see Spelerpes (Oedipus) yucatanus

Lineatriton lineola see Spelerpes (Oedipus) infuscatus

Oedipina parvipes see Spelerpes (Oedipus) parvipes

Oedipus ahli UNTERSTEIN

(1930b: 272)

Syntypes: ZMB 31801, 2 adults; “Val del Pilatan, Cordilleren” [Panama].

Presen t n a m e : Bolitoglossa lignicolor (PETERS,1873)

R e m a r k s : DUNN (1940) restricted the type locality to “Chiriqui” [Prov. de Chiriqui, Panama].

( 1930: 150)
Oedipus macrinii LAFRENTZ

Para t y p e s : ZMB 33693, adult male and female; “Cerro Espino, 1000 m hoch, sub-
tropischer Laubwald am Sudhang der Sierra Madre del Sur, bei Concordia, Staat Oaxaca,
Mexiko”; coll./don. K. LAFRENTZ; 31. XII. 1930.

Prese n t names: Bolitoglossa macrinii (LAFRENTZ,

1930)
294 A. M. BAUERet al., Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

R e m a r k s : The holotype was KHMM N.V.52/29 and was destroyed during World War I1 (fide
PAPENFUSS et al. 1984). These specimens are listed in the ZMB catalogue as cotypes and, as indicated
by PAPENFUSS et al. (1984), are available for neotype designation.

Oedipus paraensis see APPENDIX I

Plethodon yonahlossee D u ” (1917: 598; pl. 57, figs. 1-3; text fig. 1)

Paratype : ZMB 29832, juvenile; Linville, North Carlina [United States of America]
(locality from ZMB catalogue and jar label); coll. E. R. DUNN:1916; exch. G. K. NOBLE
(AMNH); 1925.
Remarks: The holotype is AMNH 4634 from “near the Yonahlossee Road about 1 1/2 miles from
Linville, N.C., altitude 4200 feet. “The original type series consisted of AMNH 4633-44,4666-7,4711-4,
and 4853-6 ( D u ” 1917). The ZMB paratype originally bore the number AMNH 4639. Two additional
specimens from the United States National Museum (USNM 36397-8) were mentioned in the
description, but were referred to as specimens examined in addition to the type series. The status of
these specimens as paratypes remains open to question, but they have been treated as such by subsequent
authors (e.g. COCHRAN 1961).0ther specimens that have been regarded as paratypes are MCZ 4892-3
(BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE 1929)and NMW 22863 (HAUPL& TIEDEMANN 1978).ZMB 29887 was received
through exchange from Harvard (original number MCZ 6160) as a paratype. The specimen was
collected by D u ” on July 10, 1909 at White Top Mt., Virginia. There is no indication from the
type description that this specimen constitutes part of the type series.

Spelerpes (Oedipus) adspersus PETERS(1863 : 468)

Syntypes: ZMB4915, 4 specimens; 4916, 4 specimens; 4932, 5 specimens; 4933, 3

specimens; 5141, 2 specimens; “Bogota” [Colombia]; coll./don. A. LINDIG.

Present name: Bolitoglossa adspersa (PETERS,1863)

R e m a r k s : BRAME(in FROST,1985) listed ZMB 4916 as the holotype of this species without comment.
The original description gives a total length of 79 mm and tail of 37 for an adult female, although
the description was based on many specimens. None of the specimens extant match or even approximate
these measurements. As the reference to a holotype provided a catalogue number that is borne by
four specimens, none of which corresponds to the specimen for which measurements were provided
in the description, we regard all of the ZMB specimens indicated as types and bearing the same
collecting data as part of a syntype series. Several of the syntypes, including the smallest specimen of
ZMB 491 5, the largest of ZMB 4916 and all specimens of ZMB 4932-3 are in a poor state ofpreservation.

Spelerpes (Oedipus) infuscatus PETERS(1 879 : 778)

Holotype: ZMB 6556, juvenile; “Hayti” [Haiti, in error, see Remarks]; purch. Mus.
Godeffroy.

Present name: Thorius narisovalis TAYLOR,

1940
R e m a r k s : The type locality was noted as being in error by DUNN(1926), who regarded the taxon
to be synonymous with Lineahiton lineola (COPE,1865), a species otherwise known only from Veracruz,
Mexico. DUNN,however, did not examine the ZMB type, which appears to represent a species of the
genus Thorius, possibly T. narisovalis (D. WAKE 1993). If this is correct, the name infuscatus
would have priority over narisovalis.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Bed. 69 (1993) 2 295

Spelerpes (Oedipus) lignicolor PETERS( 1873: 6 17)

Lect o t y p e: (here designated) ZMB 7736A, adult; “Chiriqui” [Panama]; coll. H. RIBBE.

Para l ec t o t y p e: ZMB 7736B, adult; same data as lectotype.

Prese n t n am e: Bolitoglossa lignicolor (PETERS,1873)

R e m a r k s : D u ” (1940) and BRAME(in FROST1985) listed ZMB 7736 as a single “type” or holotype,
although two specimens are mentioned in the description. We choose as the lectotype the larger of
the two specimens (99 mm TL), for which PETERS(1873) provided measurements. The jar label
accompanying the types bears the specific locality “Camaron, Provinz Chiriqui.”

Spelerpes (Oedipus) parvipes PETERS(1879: 778)

Ho lot y p e: ZMB 9518, juvenile; “Laceres am Cauca, einem Nebenfluss des Magdalen-
stroms in der Provinz Antioquia (Neu Granada)” [ = Caceres, Colombia]; coll. T. GROSS-
KOPF.

Presen t n a m e : Oedipina parvipes (PETERS,1879)

Spelerpus (Oedipus) yucatanus PETERS

(1882a: 137)

Ho lot y p e: ZMB 10221, adult; “Yucatan” [Mexico], purchased from A. BOUCARD.

Prese n t n am e: Bolitogfossa yucatana (PETERS,1882)

R e m a r k s : The holotype number was incorrectly given as ZMB 10231 in the type description and by
subsequent authors (e.g. DUNN1926; BRAME,in FROST1985).

Thorius narisovalis see Spelerpes (Oedipus) injimatus

Salamandridae

Chioglossa lusitanica BOCAGE( 1864a : 248, pl. 2 1)

Syntypes: ZMB6481, 3 adults; “Coimbra, montagne de Bussaco, a cinq lieues de

Coimbra” [Portugal]; don. J. V. BARBOZA
DU BOCAGE.

R e m a r k s : MNHN 1182 and l182A (formerly 1865-37) are also syntypes (BUSACK1976; THIREAU
1986). The type description gives measurements for only one specimen, although many individuals
were examined in the preparation of the description. The individual measured probably was housed
in the Lisbon Museum and would have been destroyed by fire in 1975. BUSACK(1976) discussed the
citation of the description, stating that BOCAGE
(1864a) was actually published subsequent to BOCAGE
(1864b), and that the latter paper should be considered the authority for the name. THIREAU (l986),
however, correctly stated that the BOCAGE(1864a) appeared in August and BOCAGE(1864b) was
published in November of the same year.
296 A. M. BAUERet al., Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

Molge itdicu PERACCA

(1898a : 1)

Paratypes: ZMB 15711, adult male and female; “Potenza di Basilicata” [822m elev.,
tide PERACCA
1898b, Italy]; coll./don. M. G. PERACCA,
March 1898.

Present name: Triturus italicus (PERACCA,

1898)

Remarks: Additional type material originates from “ S . Cataldo, che e a 12 k. da Lecce” Italy and
includes BMNH 1946.9.5.93-99, 1946.9.6.1-7, NMW 22877.1-2, 22878: 1-7 (HAUPL& TIEDEMANN,
1978), MCZ 7366-7 (BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE, 1929) and MSNTO An583 (formerly 2605), An589
(formerly 2443), An590 (formerly 2441) (ELTER1981; BRAMEin FROST 1985).

Molge labiutum UNTERSTEIN

(1930a : 3 13)

Holotype: ZMB 34087, adult male; “Kwangsi” [= Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Re-
gion, China]; coll./don. SHIN[= S. S. SIN].

Paratypes: ZMB 34088, 3 adult females; same data as holotype.

Present name: Pachytriton brevipes (SAUVAGE,

1876)

Remarks: The original data with the specimens give the locality as “Yao Shan [ = Mt. Yao], Kwangsi
Prov. [ = Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region], China”. FAN(1931) provided additional details of
the collecting trip suggesting that the village of Loshiang or its vicinity was the probable collection
site of the types. In the paratype of intermediate size the head has been dissected.

Pachytriton brevipes see Molge labiatum

Pelonectes boscai see APPENDIX I1

Salamandra salamandra albanica see APPENDIX I1

Sulumandra salamandra forma francica SOCHUREK

& GAYDA(1941b: 43)

Holotype: ZMB 35461, adult; “Lohr am Main” [Germany]; coll./don. H. HADLER,

8. IX. 1939.

Present name : Salamandra salamandra terrestris LA CEPBDE,1788

Remarks: Neither the ZMB catalogues nor the jar label provides any confirmation of the type status
of this specimen, however, the measurements match those provided in the description. Five additional
specimens from the same collector, also with the locality “ L O W are also present in the collections
(ZMB 35458 - 7. IX. 1930; ZMB 35454 - 11. X. 1930; ZMB 35388-9 - no date; ZMB 35409 -
11. VIII. 1939).It is unclear if any of these specimens should also be considered as part of the type series.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 (1993) 2 297

Salamandra salamandra salamandra see Salamandra salamandra werneri and Salamandra

salamandra albanica in APPENDIX I1

Salamandra salamandra terrestris see Salamandra salamandra forma francica and Salaman-
dra salamandra thuringica in APPENDIX I1

Salamandra salamandra thuringica see APPENDIX I1

& GAYDA( 1941a : 40)

[Salamandra salamandra] werneri SOCHUREK

H o l o t y p e : ZMB 10559, adult; “auf dem Pelion in Griechenland” [= Mt. Pilion, near
Volos, Thessaly, Greece]; E. STOLZLOF and VON HELDREICH.

Prese n t name: Salamandra salamandra salamandra (LINNAEUS,

1758)

Remarks: The specimen jar and ZMB catalogues provided no statement as to the type status of this
& GRILLITSCH
specimen. GRILLITSCH (1991) reevaluated the systematic status of this form, but did not
examine the type.

Taricha torosa see Triton ermani in APPENDIX I

Triton ermani see APPENDIX I

Triton Maltzani see APPENDIX I1

Triton Montandoni see APPENDIX I1

Triturus alpestris alpestris see Triturus alpestris winterli

Triturus alpestris winterli SOCHUREK

(1956: 35)

Syntypes: ZMB 37723, 2 adults; “Litzelhoferlaake zwischen Stagor (2288 m) und dem
Tor1 (2152 m) in SO der Kreuzeck-Gruppe, Karuten” [Austria]; don. E. SOCHUREK.

Prese n t name: Triturus alpestris alpestris (LAURENTI,

1768)

Remarks: HAUPL& TIEDEMANN

(1978) regarded NMW 15204: 1-2 as syntypes.

Triturus boscai see Pelonectes boscai in APPENDIX I1 and Triton Maltzani in APPEN-
DIX I1

Triturus montandoni see Triton Montandoni in APPENDIX I1

20 Mitt. 2001.Mus. Berlin, Bd. 69, H. 2

298 A. M. BAUERet al., Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

Tylototriton asperrimus UNTERSTEIN

(1930 a: 3 14)

Holotype: ZMB 34089, adult female; “Kwangsi” [ A Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous

Region, China]; coll./don. SHIN [= S . S . SIN].

P a r a t y p : ZMB 34090; adult; same data as holotype.

Remarks: The type description mentions two specimens. The description gives measurements for
the holotype only. The original data with the specimens give the locality as “Yao Shan [ = Mt. Yao],
Kwangsi Prov. [ = Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region], China”. FAN(1931) provided additional
details of the collecting trip suggesting that the village of Loshiang or its vicinity was the probable
collection site. BRAME(in FROST1985) incorrectly stated that the types were destroyed or lost during
World War 11. ZHAO& Hu (1984,1988) regarded this species as referrable to the genus Echinotriton.

APPENDIX I

Lost and Destroyed ZMB Caecilian and Salamander Types

GYMNOPHIONA

Caeciliidae

Cymnopis multiplicata PETERS(1 874 : 6 16; pl. 1, fig. 1)

Holotype: ZMB 3705, adult; “Veragua” [Panama]; coll. J. WARSZEWICZ.

Remarks: The type specimen had been listed by LICHTENSTEIN (1856) as Siphonops mexicanus. The
type description erroneously listed ZMB 3704 as the holotype. D u ” (1942), corrected the citation to
ZMB 3705. This specimen could not be located in the ?MB collection during the preparation of this
manuscript, but had earlier been examined by WAKE(1 988).

Herpele multiplicata NIEDEN(19 12 : 2 10)

Holotype: ZMB 22352, adult?; “Mundame am Mungo in Kamerun” [Cameroon]; coll.

CONRAU.
(1968) and WAKE (in FROST,1985) earlier indicated that the the holotype was lost.
R e m a r k s : TAYLOR

Ichthyophiidae

Zchryophis Beddomei PETERS (1880: 932; pl., fig. 4)

Holotype: ZMB 5545, adult; “Nilgherries” [Tamil Nadu, India]; don. Kapt. R. H. BED-
DOME.

R e m a r k s : TAYLOR(1961, 1968) and WAKE(in FROST

1985) earlier signaled the holotype as lost.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 (1993) 2 299

Typhlonectidae

Thyphlonectes compressicauda venesuelense FUHRMANN

( 1912: 120)

H o l o type : ZMB 3702, adult female; “Venezuela (Caracas)”; coll. MORITZ.

Present n a m e : Typhlonectes venezuelensis FUHRMANN,

1912

R e m a r k s : FURHRMANN (1914) mentioned this name for specimens in the ZMB and Hamburg
(ZMH) collections, but provided no catalogue numbers. It was, however, stated that the ZMB
specimen upon which the description was based was one that had been dissected in order to
remove a foetus described by PETERS(1875). ZMH 838, from Maracaibo, Venezuela, was regarded
by DUNN(1942) as a cotype, and on this basis the type locality was erroneously restricted to Maracaibo
by GORHAM (1962). The Hamburg specimen is a paratype (see TAYLOR 1968). NUSSBAUM & WILKINSON
(1989) questioned the validity of this taxon as a full species. Although the date of this publication
was correctly given by DUNN(1942), TAYLOR (1968) and subsequent authors have frequently miscited
it as 1914. The ZMB library copy of the paper, however, was received in January 1913, verifying the
1912 date.

CAUDATA

H ynobiidae

lsodactylium Wosnessenskyi STRAUCH

(1870: 58; pl. 2, figs. 2a- b)

Sy nt y p e : ZMB 6875; “Kamtachatka, bei Jawina an der Mundung des Bolscheretsk auf
Lilpatka” [Russia]; coll. E. WOSNESSENSKY;exch. A. STRAUCH (ZIL).

Prese n t n am e : Salamandrella keyserlingii DYBOWSKY,

1870

R e m a r k s : The ZMB type files list this specimen as a type, but the specimen could not be located
in the collection. STRAUCH (1 870) mentioned that many specimens existed and provided measurements
for five of these. At least some other members of the type series are presumed to be in the ZIL
collection in St. Petersburg.

Plethodon tidae

Oedipus paraensis UNTERSTEIN

(1930b: 271)

Ho lot y p e: ZMB 32907, adult; “Sta. Isabel bei Para” [Brazil]; coll. PRAETORIUS.

Present n a m e : Bolitoglossa altmazonica (COPE, 1874)

20’
300 A. M. BAUERet al., Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

Salamandridae

Triton Ermuni WIEGMANN

in ERMAN(1835: 24)

H o lo type: ZMB 3674; “San Francisco in Californien an einer feuchten Waldstelle”

[United States of America]; coll./don. A. ERMAN.

Present name: Taricha torosa (Urn= in ESCHSCHOLTZ

1833).

8c BRODIE(1981) stated that the type was not known to exist.

Remarks: NUSSBAUM

APPENDIX I1

Caecilian and Salamander Types Erroneously Reported to be in the ZMB Collection

GYMNOPHIONA

Caeciliidae

Caecilia guntheri DUNN( 1942)

Remarks: This name was first used in the form Caecilia Guntheri (as a nomen nudum)
by PETERS(1880), in reference to BMNH 1946.9.5.12 (formerly 1860.6.16.85). The name is
properly attributed to DUNN(1942), who validated it by providing a description and regarded
it as a substitute name for Caecilia rostrata. TAYLOR
(1968) provided a detailed nomenclatural history of
this taxon.

Ichth yophiidae

Cecilia muluburica BEDDOME

(1 870: 175)

Present name: Uraeotyphlus malabaricus (BEDDOME,

1870)
Remarks: ZMB 10406 (219 mm) was obtained from the British Museum and had been collected
by BEDDOME from “Malabar”. The jar label has an asterisk indicating type status. TAYLOR
(1968), however, indicated that no paratypes existed and that the holotype is BMHN 1946.9.5.16
(formerly BMNH 1874.4.29.181). BEDDOME, however, collected additional specimens some of which
were distributed to other major collections.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 (1993) 2 301

CAUDATA

Hyno biidae

Ranodon Kessleri BALLION( 1868: 140)

Present name: Ranodon sibericus KESSLER,1866

Remarks: ZMB 6874, a subadult from “Kopal”, is marked in the ZMB catalogue and on the jar
label as a type. The specimen was received in exchange from A. STRAUCH (ZIL). Although the locality
is a close match to that given in the description, “Umgegend von Kopal (45%’ nordl. Br. 96“47‘ ostl.
L.)” [Kazakhstan], the Berlin specimen is not a type. The type description mentions measurements
for only a single specimen and STRAUCH (1870) confirms that BALLION used only one animal in
preparing his publicaiton. The whereabouts of the holotype of Ranodon kessleri remain unknown.

Salamandridae

Pelonectes boscai LATASTE1879: 276)

Present name: Triturus .,xcai (LATASTE,1879)

R e m a r k s : Three specimens (1 male, 2 females) bearing the catalogue number 9530 are recorded as
types in the ZMB catalogue. They originate from “Galicia, Spanien” and were supposedly collected
by E. BOSCAand received from F. LATASTE. TOURNEVILLE (1 879), however, documented the accumula-
tion of specimens by Lataste and indicated that the ZMB specimens and others in several European
collections were not obtained until after the appearance of the type description. The ZMB specimens
cannot, therefore constitute part of the type series. The first specimens obtained from “Caracollera
(province de Ciudad-Real, Espagne)” were sent to BOULENCERat Brussels, BETTAat Verona, CAMERANO
at Turin, GICLIOLIat Florence, to TOURNEVILLE and to LATASTE himself. In July of 1879 a second lot
ofspecimens were obtained from “la province de Galice”. These were distributed by M.-J. LOPEZSEOANE
to GUNTHER(BMNH), GARMAN (MCZ), STEINDACHNER (NMW) and to PETERS(ZMB). Only the
specimens first obtained by BOSCAfrom “la plaine inculte de Caracollera (province de Ciudad-Real),
Espagne” comprise the type series. THIREAU (1986) indicated that several putative types in the Paris
collections that had been signalled by GUIBB(1950: MNHN 5840, 4 ex.) likewise represented material
not used in the description of P.boscai. The same is true for MCZ 1622 (5 ex.) that had been listed
as cotypes by BARBOUR & LOVERIDGE (1929). Valid syntypes include IRSNB 1.003, MNHT An300
(formerly 165) and perhaps BMNH 1946.9.6.21-22 (see ELTER,1981; LANC.1990).

Salamandra salumundra albanica GAYDA

(1940b: 265)

P r e s e n t n a me : Salamandra salamandra salamandra (LINNAEUS,1758)

Kemarks: The description appears in a paper dedicated to Albanian material in the ZMB. No
Albanian Salamandra salamandra could be located among the extant, catalogued salamander collection.
It remains possible, however, that the specimens are present in the ZMB collections but uncatalogued,
or more unlikely, that the specimens were present but were destroyed or lost during World War 11.
The data for the specimens described by GAYDA are as follows:
Holotype: adult female; “Spas sul Drin” [Albania]; col. K. MULLER;1938-39.
Paratypes: 4 adults, 2 juveniles, 3 larvae; “Spas sul Drin, Bericha, Boga, Pogradec sul lago di Ocrida
(Albania mer.) [and] montagne di Cafa Sharit sul Drin” [Albania]; coll. K. MULLER;1938-39.
302 A. M. BAUERet al., Type Catalogue of the Caecilians and Salamanders

(1940: 1 1 ; fig. p. 11)

Salamandra salamandra thuringica GAYDA

Present name: Salamandra salamandra terrestris LA CEP~~DE,

1788

R e m a r k s : The type description mentions specimens from “Siebenborn-Eisenach” [Thuringia, Ger-

many] in the collections of the museums of Berlin, Erfurt and Magdeburg, as well as the Berlin
Aquarium. No specimens from this locality could be located in the extant, catalogued salamander
collection of the ZMB. It remains possible, however, that the specimens are present in the ZMB
collections but uncatalogued, or more unlikely, that the specimens were present but were destroyed
or lost during World War 11.

Triton Maltzani BOETTGER

(1879: 521)

Present name: Triturus boscai (LATASTE,

1879)
R e m a r k s : Two specimens, both catalogued as ZMB 9618 from the type locality of “Monchique in
Algarve” [Portugal] and collected by Frhr. H. VON MALTZAN were listed as types in the ZMB catalogue.
However, the type description clearly mentions only two specimens, which would appear to be in
Frankfurt. The holotype, a male, is listed by MERTENS(1922, 1967) as SMF 726 (formerly 2018~).
Both ZMB specimens are considerably smaller than the measurements provided by BOE~TGER (1879)
for the types. In the description BOETTGER(1879) stated that he had consulted with WILHELM PETERS
regarding the specific distinctness of the specimens, so it is likely that the ZMB specimens may have
been provided to PETERSfrom a subsequent lot of animals obtained by BOE~TGER after the appearance
of the description.

Triton Montandoni BOULENGER

(1880a: 38)

Present name: Triturus montandoni (BOULENGER,

1880a)
R e m a r k s : This taxon was initially described by BOULENGER (1880a). Later in the same year the
same author (BOULENGER 1880b) provided additional information. In the initial paper three males
and one female from “Brostenii (Moldavie)” [ = Brosteni, Suceava, Romania] were mentioned. The
second paper listed 24 specimens, 14 males and 10 females “dans quelques mares et flaques d’eau
contigues dans la valke de Barnarie . . . Moldavie”. The ZMB collections include two specimens under
the number 10218from “Moldau” collected by A. MONTANDON and obtained through G. A. BOULENGER
at the British Museum”. These specimens were catalogued into the ZMB collections as types.
THIREAU (1986) regarded two Paris specimens (MNHN 6252, 6252A), formerly considered as
paratypes, as non-typical. He further presented evidence that only the four specimens in Brussels
collected from Brostenii in 1878 (IRSNB 1.01 I , see THIREAU 1986; LANG1990) constitute the syntype
series. Thus the ZMB specimens, as well as other material, including IRSNB 1.012 (10 specimens)
(LANG1990), NMW 22901.1-2 (HAUPL& TIEDEMANN 1978), and FMNH 75336 (MARX11958) cannot
be accepted as types.

Acknowledgements

We thank MARVALEE H. WAKEand DAVIDB. WAKEfor comments on the manuscript, the libraries of
the California Academy of Sciences, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, and the
University of California, Berkeley and the archives of the Department of Herpetology, American
Museum of Natural History for access to their resources, and Villanova University for supporting
travel by the senior author to work in the ZMB collections.
Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berl. 69 (1993) 2 303

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Anschrift d e r Verfasser: Prof. Dr. AARONM. BAUER,Biology Department, Villanova University,

Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA, Prof. Dr. DAVIDA. GOOD,Museum of Natural Science, 119
Foster Hall, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA, und Dr. sc. RAINER
GUNTHER, Zoologisches Museum, Museum fur Naturkunde, InvalidenstraBe 43,O- 1040Berlin, BRD.