Repair of Ozone Layer and COVID 19 Pandemic

V. Kumar*1 and A.S. Ansari2

1
Visiting Professor, RGU, Arunachal Pradesh and resident at Saraswati Nagar, Malviya nagar,
Jaipur 302017 India
2
Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India

*Former Professor at UoR, Jaipur and GGSIPU, New Delhi, India

Abstract: To consider temperature conditions on Earth, repair of ozone layer on north pole and
occurrence of spread of Corona virus in the same period may be correlated. It is a highly
involved subject unlike any other subject in pure sciences. It may not be perfectly understood so
far due to lack of support from established sciences but it needs attention of intellectual class to
do an exercise to understand it as an interdisciplinary subject. This will definitely suggest several
innovations and gives direction of conducting several new empirical studies. Repair of Ozone
layer on arctic will reduce Oxygen level on surface of Earth and long cold spell on Earth will
affect life of small high flying objects like bats. Their long hibernation and killing in large
number may hint at a faster spread of Corona (Covid 19) if spill out is established in such acute
state of atmosphere .

1. Ozone layer

Ozone was brought to the notice of the world first time by Joe Farman in the year May
1985 by his article in Nature [1] . His observations were made based on data of atmosphere
extensively using old style Dobsan meter. In a long time study his team observed that Ozone
level is reduced by 40 % from the year 1975 to 1984. They also pointed out the reduction in
ozone thickness is due to CFC gases in the stratosphere.
In a separate study chemistry of Ozone formation is found to take place by combination
of Oxygen atom with a Oxygen molecule in presence of a UV band ranging from 230-260
nm wavelength , In fact O2 molecule is broken to O+O atoms. Energy required to the break
up reaction is 4.77 eV corresponding to 260 nm. The Ozone at the same time also breaks to
O2 molecule at ~200 nm UV light which correspond to 6.21 eV energy. In fact Ozone layer
is depleted by CFC gases much faster as follows,

CF2Cl2 CF2Cl* + Cl* ( in presence of UV light)

Cl* + O3 ClO* + O2

ClO* + O3 Cl* + 2O2

Overall reaction can be written as

2O3 = 3O2

Thus, Ozone layers in north and south poles might have been depleted by natural
conversion of O3 in O2 in presence of UV band around 200 nm and man made way of
the CFC gases which has been more sever.
Thickness of Ozone layer is measured in Dobsan units which is equaling to 0.001 mm or
a µm i.e. 10-6 m.

In the following Fig. 1 typical Ozone profile in south pole is shown as a function
of year. Ozone layer seems to be depleted about 2 times in last 50 years.

Fig. 1 Instruments on the ground (at Halley) and high above Antarctica (the Total Ozone
Mapping Spectrometer [TOMS] and Ozone Monitoring Instrument [OMI]) measured an
acute drop in total atmospheric ozone during October in the early and middle 1980s[2].

In figure 2 depletion of Ozone layer on north pole is shown on the globe in September
2019. This is very wide and spread in lacs of kilometer area.

Fig. 2 Arial view of north pole depleted ozone layer in the month September 2019 [3].
 Fig. 4 Ozone-rich air (red) viewed in April 2020 over the north pole of Arctic.

2. Astrological point of view:

Astrology has been an important part of human life of elite class of society for the last
several thousand years. It appears that even in early civilizations important decisions about
wars and auspicious occasions were taken by consulting astrology or astronomical positions
of planets and some of their satellites. Different civilizations on earth have produced their
different ways of astrological calculations and all of them can not be discussed here. Ancient
calendars were made looking at planetary positions. Sivertsen [5] has summarized an article
on Ancient Indian Calendars recently and concluded that it is very reliable even in modern
times when Astronomical observations are possible tools of direct observations.

Change of Yugas with dates for example Kaliyug in February 3201BCE, have been
determined with the help of specific constellations using the astrological calculations and
acceptance by elite human class. According to Siversten [5] they have been verified from
modern Astronomical observations also. People have even believed in Spiritual Astrology [6]
which is connected to planetary positions which can be derived from such calculations. This
might have been a subject of serious study and has been brought to mankind through such
books in modern times, but it cannot be considered scientific as it will need even more
serious empirical efforts in future. It might have been an extension of effects of natural
celestial bodies of some kind for example sun affecting human body byway of its physical
effects which may give rise to unseen chemical changes in the body. All these imaginary
questions for a human body will need empirical validations. Most important question can be
raised is what are the physical, chemical and physiological methods that influence human
body and in at form?

Constellation of Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn occurred recently has been discussed [7].
This was an effort made to provide an explanation of cooling effects of radiation from Jupiter
on Earth. It may be pointed out that because of large distances between Earth and Jupiter the
well known way of interaction cannot be gravitational but the EM radiation or similarly other
radiations also. Few years back we understood that Jupiter may affect neighboring celestial
bodies, like its moons, through its strong plasma waves and on that basis it can be said that
plasma waves can disturb the atmosphere of even far located planets. Plasma waves can
produce disturbances in fluids like water on the globe or even fluid of human body . Effects
of celestial plasma waves on the human blood-plasma is yet to be studied. I would have
appreciated if our astronomical laboratories on Earth had conducted experiments related to
the presence of plasma waves and creating disturbance during the said celestial positions of
four major planets during winter of the year 2020. The concept presented by Kumar [7]
proposes that waves from Jupiter to Earth were typically obscured by Mars and that may
become source of a directional disturbance which may result in the a colder environment in
north part of the globe in the winter of 2020. Such cold waves may cause serious
developments and sickness in small high flying living bodies like bats. Also, temperature
difference between maximum temperature on equator and low temperature at poles creates
vortices and in high enough vortices Oxygen is carried to higher altitudes. This probably fills
the O3 layer. Kinematically, Oxygen to Ozone conversion needs ~4.77 eV energy per
molecule.This reaction is completed in presence of one UV band of light. In another band of
UV light Ozone to Oxygen conversion needing ~ 6.21 eV per molecule also occurs. Thus,
conversion of Oxygen to Ozone should be in high temperature gradient which will further
enhance cold atmosphere due to Oxygen conversion in to Ozone. As the Oxygen is a native
of Earth and when it will covert to Ozone, suddenly Earth will be deficient of Oxygen as well
as Earth will experience a loss of heat finally.

3. Temperature effects on north pole in January to April 2020:

This is well known that rise of green house gases is a widely discussed tragedy of modern
civilization of last one century. Even sky at nights was unclear particularly in cities in plains.
Fast melting of glaciers in polar regions of Earth has been considered serious issue.
Allocation of budgets for reducing green house gases and cleaning of rivers has been a matter
of serious discussions of both local governments and global summits on environmental
issues. Most important of such wide range of issues was related to depletion of Ozone layers
which work like shield for human race on this planet against the UV spectrum coming from
the celestial bodies and sun is a noticed one source. Esthetically speaking, it is considered as
Guru and secondly, according to Indian astrology, planet Jupiter is known as a great shield to
the Earth and it is marked responsible for sound and its effects on human. The present human
race will probably require several studies to realize it in future. Presently, Jupiter has been
identified for producing chorus waves on one of its moon Ganymede because probably
Jupiter is a source of strong plasma waves.

Temperature on the equator and poles of the Earth has been regularly measured and the
data is available to public [8]. Difference of temperature ∆T = T eq – T pol deg C become a
cause of producing vortices on poles and several other atmospheric disturbances on Earth. In
 fig. 5 ∆T has been plotted as function of date of five months i.e. December 2019 to April
2020 which is a time of severe cold on poles.

It can be inferred from the data of temperature plotted in fig. 5 that the temperature
difference of four months from middle of December 2019 to middle of March 2020 has been
nearly 9 deg C higher compared to temperature difference before middle of December 2018
and after March 2019. In table 1 average temperature difference <T eq-Tpol> deg. C has been
displayed for both minimum and maximum temperatures. In the last column average of even
minimum and maximum is given as a single temperature per day for the winter months of
years 2019 and 2020. Winter of the year 2020 has been colder when compared with the
winters of 2019. In fig 6 similar data of temperature difference has been plotted for the
months of December 2018 to February 2019 for comparison with the winter of current year
2020. The strength of vortices formed on the poles depend on the temperature difference of
equator and the pole and more is the difference more will be the height of a vortex. This
suggests that in winter of year 2020 there was a possibility that oxygen of the plains of Earth
may reach to stratosphere and for that purpose it will consume heat of the earth equivalent to
4.77eV per molecule. This will further enhance severity of coldness on the Earth hence the
strength of vortices.

Min
Max Min
65 Max
60 T eq- T pol Dec. 2019 Teq -Tpol Jan 2020
55 60

50 55
45
∆T deg C

50
∆T deg. C

40
45
35
40
30
35
25
30
20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Date Date

Min Min
Max 60 T eq -T pol March 2020 Max
Min
60 T eq - T pol Feb. 2020 Max
40 T eq -T pol April 2020
55
50
35
50
45 30
40
∆T deg. C
DT deg C

∆T deg C

40 25
35 30
20
30
20 15
25
20 10
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Date Date Date

Fig. 5. Temperature difference between equator and the north pole as function of dates of cold
months, Dec. 2019 to April 2020.
 Min Min
Min Max
55 Max
Max 50 T eq- T pol Feb 2019
T eq- T pol Dec 2018 65 T eq - T pol Jan 2019
50 45
60
45 55 40
50
40 35
45
∆T deg C

∆T deg C
∆T deg C
35 40 30
35
30 25
30
25 25 20

20 20
15
15
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Date Date Date

Fig.6: Temperature difference between equator and north pole as function of dates of cold
months, Dec. 2018 to February 2019.

Table 1: Average temperature difference of a month between equator and north pole

Month and <T eq-Tpol> Minimum <T eq-Tpol> Maximum Av. of Min. and Max.
Year
Dec. 2018 34.97 37.5 36.24
January 2019 38.13 42.55 40.34
Feb.2019 33.43 35.04 34.24
Dec. 2019 38.06 40.0 39.03
January 2020 47.2 49.71 48.46
Feb. 2020 40.72 38.62 39.67
March 2020 32.61 31.3 31.96
April 2020 19.13 18.5 18.82

Table 2: Date of first reported case in a country, min/max temperature on date and total flights
with China

Sr.No. City/Country Date Temp. min/max Cancellation flight Deaths by

Name deg C date Covid-19 as
on May 22,
2020
1 Wuhan/ China Dec 31, 2/11 Several internal
2019 means of travel
2 Peking /China Jan 13, -6/1 4634
2020
3 Thailand Jan 13, 23/32 Thai airways Feb 56
2020 6, 2020, Thai Lion
Jan 24, 2020
4 Japan Jan. 16, 2/10 Jan 23, 2020, 777
2020 Jetstar Feb 5, 2020
5 USA Jan 19, 6/20 Jan 30, Delta Feb 96377
2020 2, United airlines,
 Feb 5, 2020
6 France Jan 24, -1/5 Feb 6, 2020, Air 28215
2020 France Jan 30
7 Australia Jan 25, 22/29 Jan 29, 2020, 101
2020 Virgin Australia
Feb 11, 2020
8 Canada Jan. 25, 14/28 Jan 30, 2020 6152
2020
9 Germany Jan 27, 2/8 Lufthans Jan 29, 8316
2020 2020
10 India Jan 30, 7/21 AI, Jan 31, 2020; 3600
2020 Indigo Feb 1, 2020
11 Italy Jan 31, 4/15 Jan 30, 2020 32486
2020
12 Spain Jan 31, 10/14 Feb 29, 2020, 27940
2020 Iberia Jan 31, 2020
13 Egypt Feb 14, 10/16 Feb. 1, 2020 696
2020
14 S.Africa Feb 14, 17/24 March 20, 2020 369
2020
15 Israel Feb 21, 7/14 Feb 12, 2020 279
2020
16 Brazil Feb 26, 24/34 March 16, 2020 20112
2020
17 Norway Feb 26, -11/0 March 24, 2020 235
2020
18 Den mark Feb 27, -2/4 March 14, 2020 561
2020 Borders closed
19 Holland Feb 27, 1/4 KLM Jan 30, 2020 5788
2020
20 UK Feb 28, 2/6 Jan 29, 2020 36042
2020
21 New Zealand Feb 28, 18/24 Feb 9, 2020 21
2020
22 Russia Mar 12, 4/9 All Russian flts 3249
2020 stopped on Jan 31,
2020, Aerofloat to
Hong Kong March
7, 2020

4. Corona Virus spread on the globe :

It is well known that hundreds of virus sources are around us all the times and some of them
start dominating on getting suitable environment. This can be natural or man-made but spreading
all over the globe may be surprising and needs discussion. Quite a few mammals have been
considered to carry corona virus like the bats and pangolins. The central question is what
happened during the months of December 2019 to March 2020 that the corona virus is spread all
over the globe? Second question can be about rapidness? Many models of migration of travelers,
are discussed widely because carrier is normally a human cell. Flights were stopped all over the
world on different dates to avoid its spread through man contacts. Table 2 carries country wise
data of date of first case reported in the country, temperatures on the date and date of stop of
international flights. Only Egypt, Israel, Holland, New Zealand and Russia had stopped
international flights before the first date of entry of Covid-19 in the country. Despite of such
precautions, these countries have suffered Covid-19 is an important point to be considered. On
the other hand Thailand, Japan, Denmark, S. Africa and Australia have closed the countries after
first Covid-19 case and do not have too many cases of deaths. But conversely, India, Spain,
Germany, Canada, France and US have suffered seriously. This indicates that there can be
different reasons other than travelers and which may be related to local conditions as well as
global conditions.

One thing is worth attention that no epidemic has so quickly reached to the entire globe.
SARS and MERS were more or less localized. Colder part of the globe has caught it faster
probably. US is terribly affected despite of best availability of health care. How and why both the
questions need attention ?

Is there a reason that bats may experience a common cause of spill out corona virus from its
body due to its internal reasons or sudden change in external factors like fear, cold, Oxygen and
some high frequency . After the spilled out virus comes in contact of man and it will be spread
out as a disease? In the last winter, following three things have affected the living ones on Earth.

1) Severe cold and change of weather: Due to the white nose syndrome, a fungal infection
has severely affected big population of bats. Millions had died few years back [8]. There
have been other evidences [9] of a surprised killing of bats.
2) Sudden reduction in Oxygen on Earth surface due to Ozone layer repair of north pole.
3) Some high plasma waves during the occurrence of a specific constellation of few major
planets and its effects on living creatures or atmosphere are not measured. Of course it is
otherwise known that planetary changes affect weather on Earth. More it is known
through astrology than recent empirical studies about a few planets and we have already
discussed a possibility due to Jupiter [7]. At the same times, we already understands that
the solar flayers affect the weather on Earth.

So far there is no experimental study about sudden reduction of Oxygen on the surface of
Earth because of filling of Ozone layer and in the process requirement of Oxygen will be
fulfilled by the Oxygen on surface. Reduction of Oxygen in coincidence with cold atmosphere
promotes spread of the influenza. How the Corona virus will play its role and it is spread so
rapidly is a matter of more investigations. An unknown atmospheric disturbance such as from a
planet may play a role as a carrier wave. Today, all these questions cannot be answered
satisfactorily but they invoke innovative thinking. One thing that can be quickly checked is the
question about spill out of Corona virus; whether spill out of virus from the bats or similar source
is seen during the month of December 2019 up to March 2020 in different parts of the globe ?

Question of multiplication of a virus with its host being a human cell is well studied in
sciences but how the virus is spread so fast on the globe is a crucial question. For example,
Thailand is so close to China and connected by various means but still it had few tens of Covid -
19 cases. Also, several countries had stopped flights i.e. means of spread through travels and the
Covid-19 affected the country like Russia few months later but suddenly, very strongly, almost
with the same strength as the most hit countries. One more direction of analysis of fast or slow
spread can be related to immunity of people and that may help in deciding about the life style
later on.

Reference:

1. J.C.Farman, B.G. Gardiner and J.D. Shanklin “ Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica
reveal seasonal ClOx / NOx interaction “Nature 315 (1985)207
2. NASA site https://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/history_SH.html
3. https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/thumbnails/image/2019hole1.jpg
4. https://www.livescience.com/arctic-ozone-hole-closes.html
5. Harry Sivertsen, Ancient Indian Calendars : Confirmation of the great antiquity of
learning and information recording in India, June 2019.
6. Master E.K., Spiritual Astrology, published by Kalpathy Book Trust 1st ed.1966 and 5th
ed. 2015.
7. V. Kumar , “Effect of Planets on Earth in Sagittarius and Capricorn Constellations”,
uploaded on Academia.edu on April 13, 2020.

8. Craig L. Frank, A. D. Davis and Carl Herzog “The evolution of a bat population with
white-nose syndrome (WNS) reveals a shift from an epizootic to an enzootic phase”,
Frontiers in Zoology, 16, article number: 40 (2019).
https://frontiersinzoology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12983-019-0340-y
9. Justin Wm. Moyer , Washington post July 13, 2018, “A mysterious disease is killing
millions of bats. These scientists are trying to save them”,
https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/a-mysterious-disease-is-killing-millions-of-bats-these-
scientists-are-trying-to-save-them/2018/07/12/bc76a2fa-8524-11e8-9b24-
29df1293d810_story.html.