CONTENTS

Certificate ..............................................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgement................................................................................................................................ ii
Abstract................................................................................................................................................ iii
1. Chapter 1: Introduction……..….......................................................................................................1
1.1 Detailed Description…....................................................................................................................2
1.2 Algorithm for the proposed system…………………………………………….…………………3
1.3 GSM Technology and module…………………………………………………………………….4
1.3.1 System Architecture ……………………………………………………………………..……...4
1.3.2 Strengths in GSM……………………………………………….……………………………….5
1.3.3 Applications……………………………………………………………………………………..5
1.4 About Microcontroller…………………………………………………………………………….5
1.4.1 Basic Elements of Microcontroller……………………………………………………………...7
1.4.2 Types of Microcontroller……………………………………………………………………….10
1.4.3 Minimum interface of a Microcontroller……………………………………………………….11
2. Chapter 2: Major Hardware Components…………………………………………………………13
2.1 GSM Modem SIM 900…………………………………………………………………………..13
2.2 ATMEGA 328 Microcontroller………………………………………………………………….13
2.2.1 History of AVR……………………………………………………………………….……….14
2.2.2 Features………………………………………………………………………………………..14
2.2.3 Description…………………………………………………………………………………….14
2.2.4 Processor Architecture………………………………………………………………………...16
2.2.5 Pin Diagram and Description………………………………………………………………….19
2.3 IC L293D………………………………………………………………………………………..21
2.3.1 Features………………………………………………………………………………………..22
2.3.2 Pin Diagram……………………………………………………………………………………22
2.3.3 Logic Diagram and Function Table……………………………………………………………24
2.3.4 Motor Driving………………………………………………………………………………….24
3. Chapter 3: PCB Designing……………….......................................................................................25
3.1 What is PCB board? ......................................................................................................................25
3.2 What is PCB board designing?......................................................................................................26
3.3 Flow Chart……………………………………………………………………………………….26
3.4 Processing………………………………….…………………………………………………….27
3.5 Cleaning………………………………………………………………………………………….27
3.6 Etching…………………………………………………………………………………………...27
3.7 Drilling…………………………………………………………………………………………...29
3.8 Component Placement……………………………………………………………………………29
3.9 Soldering…………………………………………………………………………………………30
3.10 Masking…………………………………………………………………………………………30
3.11 Designing of PCB layout……………………………………………………………………….31
4. Chapter 4: Other Hardware Components.........................................................................................32
4.1 Crystal Oscillator............................................................................................................................32
4.1.1 Commonly Used Crystal Frequencies………………………………………………….............33
4.1.2 Crystal oscillators of different frequencies with uses …………………………………………33
4.1.3 Crystal oscillators used in microcontroller……………………………………………………..33
4.2 Buzzer…………………………………………………………………………………………….34
4.2.1 Buzzer interfacing………………………………………………………………………………34
4.3 Capacitor………………………………………………………………………………………….35
4.4 Diode bridge………………………………………………………………………………………36
4.5 Resistance…………………………………………………………………………………………36
4.6 Voltage regulator………………………………………………………………………………….37
4.6.1 3- Terminal 1A positive voltage regulators……………………………………………………..38
4.6.2 Pin architecture……………………………………………………………………………….....38
4.7 LED……………………………………………………………………………………………….38
Conclusion and Future Scope ………………………………………………………………………..39
References……………………………………………………………………………………………40
Appendix……………………………………………………………………………………………..41