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Proceedings Bamboo Design As A Material Alternative Building And

Construction In Earthquake Area Case Study

Conference Paper · June 2018

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Bamboo Design As A Material Alternative Building And
Construction In Earthquake Area Case Study: Home Karo
Regency
Novalinda1, I N Nasution2
1.
Department of Architecture Engineering faculty, University Pembangunan Panca Budi
Medan, Indonesia, e-mail : lindaphill25@gmail.com
2.
Department of Civil Engineering Engineering faculty, University of Negeri Medan,
Indonesia, e-mail :irma_nst11@yahoo.com

Abstract — the damage to a home or building by earthquake is an unbiased disaster

avoided. The earthquake which occurred in a mountainous area, the coast or a particular
place on the Earth. This is because the movement of the tectonic plates of the Earth or the
effects of the eruptions. As a result a lot of loss of life, homes and buildings were
destroyed. This research was conducted with the aim to get the model design of the shape
of the Foundation, columns or pillars and floors of bamboo as a material for home living in
earthquake-prone areas in particular sub Brastagi Karo Regency. The method used is
descriptive-analytical approach by analyzing the existing design or shape of a conventional
design that focuses on the form of the Foundation elements, columns, walls and floors in
the House. The results of this study are highly expected to become recommendations to be
forwarded on the application and testing research on next. Keywords: Earthquakes, Models,
Designs, Descriptive-Analytic Housing

1. Background
The Great Earthquake that Happens in Indonesia is beyond the expectations of experts. Like the
earthquake that occurred in Aceh in 2004, Yogyakarta in 2006, Padang in 2009 and the Ocean Hidia
earthquake of 2012. From the latest research conducted by Irwan Meilano, earthquake experts from
Bandung Institute of Technology, said there are number of new earthquake sources that have not
entered the earthquake map. The source of the earthquake is in the Banda-Flores zone, the Sumatra
fault, the southernmost fault of Java, the northern fault of the island of Bali to the mainland of northern
Java (Kompas, 2016). Irwan said that the latest research shows, the movement on the north (behind
Bali-Wetar arc) is more active. Potential seismic from north Bali to Wetar Island above Magnitude
(M) 8. Fracture in north Bali was indeed detected to the west to the mainland of northern Java or
known as Fault Kendeng. To overcome and minimize human and environmental losses due to the
earthquake is to pay attention to the type of building materials (materials) used in building. Buildings
and buildings built up and wake up is applicable for the achievement of the purpose of building the
house itself. Georg.Lippsmeier, 1980, adds the type of wood or bamboo construction relatively safe
from earthquakes because it is light and flexible, provided the joint points are made precise and strong
enough; the rigid filling panel may, instantly read-point on the frame with a joint that allows vibration
in order not to. Vibration The earthquake above is the movement of the soil on the foundation of the
building that causes the foundation to move and the top building stability because of its own mass
potential (Idham, Cholis Noor: 2014: 43). Alternative use of home materials for earthquake prone
areas there are guns using bamboo materials as a bamboo structure structure that has a high elasticity
strength compared to reinforced concrete.
Building design on earthquake caused by building structure (Idham, Cholis Noor: 2014: 42). Idham
says the experienced vibration of the building building has a natural frequency vibration time. For that
must be considered the use of building materials and construction used. Traditional buildings in
Indonesia have long used bamboo structures, such as homes in rural Java and Sunda are still many
who wear bamboo walls. The thick bamboo tree at the base is used as a rafters. Bamboo rods are also
widely used as emergency bridges, and the most important is the use of bamboo in construction with
the characteristics of bamboo must be old, clear yellow or dark green, solid fibrous shiny, and his
books can not be broken (Imam Surbarkah, 1988) .
2. Introduction
Earthquake, Bamboo, the workmanship and the use of, design and technology, design and technology,
Bamboo as building construction and structures.
2.1 Earthquake.
A major earthquake occurs is related to the tectonic activity of the Earth's layers that occur primarily
on the plate-plate continent. According to Idham, Cholis Noor (2014). motions, head-on collision,
parting the plates shift and accumulated this is the cause of the occurrence of a catastrophic earthquake
that generated the earthquake occurrence may be direct and indirect. Direct impact can affect the land
and buildings. Direct influence on the ground in the form of soil structure, soil the breakup split,
liquefaction (changes in the structure of soil akibar separated moisture content so that the soil becomes
loose and watery so lose power dukungnya), land collapse and avalanche rocks. While the direct
impact on the building can be either vibration in buildings, the fall of the building elements and the
collapse of the building.
While it is not lansgung impact caused the earthquake can cause fire, damage to infrastructure such
as pipes: gas and oil, as well as a clean source of water damage and its network. Additionally, on the
ground, earthquake can cause floods, landslides and tsunamis. Georg. Lippsmeier (1980), adding the
primary cause of the occurrence of the earthquake was: erosion, sedimentation and the ruins of the
changing Earth, through decomposition of radioactive material on the outside of the Earth's crust, heat
energy is released and resulted in most of the materials of the Earth melts, voltage arising at the Earth's
surface due to a slow cooling so produced, on lately earthquake occurred due to the gigantic building
dam. Georg. Lippsmeier mentions, generally epicenter is located 5-100 km underground, sometimes
reaches 700 km. points on the Earth's surface which is located vertically above the epicenter is called
the epicenter. Earthquake under the sea level is called the great sea at the depth of the quake was
hardly felt that cause a tidal wave (usually called the tsunami) and can lead to damage. The strength of
an earthquake is measured according to the Richter scale. Getarnya ground measured and magnitude
M drawn on a scale of logaritmis that open upwards. Although there is now a seismografik station
meetings around the world, will be the coming of terpecaya earthquake prediction still has yet to be
made. Stats also only give predictions. That is certainly a great earthquake followed by a small
earthquake-earthquake. A waiver against earthquake hazard often led to large losses experienced due
to the earthquake. When an earthquake resistant construction only cost 2%-7% greater dibandingankan
with normal construction. Due to the construction of houses in countries which have a risk of
earthquakes is usually done alone, then outreach to residents, if possible starting from school, will
reduce losses – losses that arise. The knowledge base should be given to the engineers, employers and
contractors. Suppose that in an earthquake in addition to gravity also works on horizontal style
building which is part of part of the building must be connected in kontiniu: the present wall of the
top, the weight of the roof is very dangerous and is the Foundation of solid ground above will more
secure than land soft.
2.2 Understanding the bamboo
Bamboo notions are rooted in the fibers of its trunk roads plans, hard and high, there are high as
resembling a tree; Reed; Aur; bamboo stem is large Betung, and can be used as a pillar of the House;
bamboo spines on books stem and twig has thorns thorns; the yellow colour is yellow bamboo,
bamboo vulgaris; pointy bamboo spear; bamboo diruncingkan ends; Tali bamboo stalks (after it will
be) can be made into rope. If we look at the shape of bamboo trees, from the bottom to the top remains
straight, not divided by twigs. Bamboo tree branches from the bottom to the top does not change the
shape of the tree. Although many twigs, bamboo trees are not branched and not divided into branches
with large branches. Bamboo fibers have roots, breeding with stem cuttings and shoots but not
grouped into Monocots (monokotil) for bamboo has no seeds. Bamboo is a product of non wood forest
products have been known to even very close to the life of the general public due to its growth there is
surrounding the life of the community. Bamboo plants including Bamboidae members of the sub
family of grass, has a keanekaragam type of bamboo in the world around 1250 – 1500 type whereas
Indonesia has only 10% of about 154 types of bamboo (Wijaya, 1994). Bamboo is a source of building
material that can be updated and widely available in Indonesia. The people of Indonesia have been
long utilizing bamboo for building houses, furniture, agricultural tools, crafts, musical instruments,
and food. However, the bamboo is not yet a priority development and is still seen as a "material
belongs to the poor who are quickly damaged." Bamboo harvested correctly and preserved is a
powerful, flexible, and inexpensive, which can be used as a wood substitute alternative materials that
are increasingly scarce and expensive. Seen in terms of rejuvenating, bamboo plants within the next 3-
5 year can already processed into building materials, while wood takes dozens of new year's Eve can
be processed. Bamboo also has its own art value when used as building construction, including results
that can last for 70 years when the bamboo has been previously preserved with chemicals. Bamboo
benefits economically and ecologically, among others, when compared with commodity timber,
bamboo plants capable of providing increased income communities around the forest in time relatively
quickly, i.e. 4-5 of the year. Other economic benefits is marketing bamboo products either as a
substitute for wood raw materials or finished products, among others, in the form of chopsticks (chop
stick), crafts (furniture), flooring materials (flooring), ceiling (ceiling) is still very open to meet the
needs of domestic and export. From the ecological side, bamboo plants have the capability of
maintaining the balance of the environment because the system can prevent erosion and perakarannya
set up water and can be grown on marginal land. (www.detikinet.com).
2.3 the workmanship and the use of
Bamboo is usually used for homes and public buildings in rural areas with traditional methods.
Inexpensive, easily worked out with improved with the use of space. Materials suitable for the
earthquake area due to the weight of comparison and robustness. The middle line of the trunk 1-30 cm.
bamboo construction for giant bearers load. Thin bamboo round or cleaved to the roof construction of
the wall, as well as for the floor. In addition the surface of the bamboo is highly resistant to water, a
good and a little pengudaraan absorb heat, and has an approximately 20%.
2.4 design and technology of bamboo
The most important thing in the power structure of the building or the building is located on the
connection. From trials conducted Construction Technology of bamboo Connection of Morisco
(Morisco, 1994) says there is some type of connection. This type of steel buhul plate, using a bolt and
a filler cavity in the form of wood or cement sand on a joint, has been tested in a lab and found the
formula strength. The strength of bamboo can be utilized to its full potential, have been tested among
other bridges with spans 12 meters of bamboo pole vault, 7-8 cm in diameter, able to carry 3 cars deer.

Figure 2 the design of the bamboo bridge

Figure 1 the horses with a span of 6 meters of (Sponsor PT PP-Mataram).
bamboo, diameter 7 cm wulung, able to
withstand a load of 4 tons.

Standard building earthquake resistant bamboo more flexible than wood, so construction of the
bamboo does not pose the risk of threat to the safety of the human spirit when the earthquake
occurred. Bamboo has the power which can be contested by with steel. Due to the high flexibility and
strength, bamboo is also the structure earthquake resistant buildings. Unfortunately, during this the
power of bamboo has not been offset by a strong connection techniques. Bamboo can be applied in the
form of building construction with connection technique, tested his strength in the laboratory and in
the field. Various school buildings, House, gazebo, and warehouses have been established. A
combination of strength, sharp, and preservative efficacy produces a strong construction, earthquake
resistant, beautiful, and durable to tens of years (www.sahabatbambu.com). The workmanship of the
bamboo is easy and can be done by human power.

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 3. (a, b, c). Easel bamboo connection "Knock Down". Figure 4. The connection with the
boards and adhesives (Simple Patents, 2005). In addition, bamboo is very well used as roof
construction with horses Knock Douwn System With Plate boards and Adhesives. At points simpulnya
designed as rigid as possible with consideration of strength that produced better. Design Board and
adhesive plate is placed at the point of connection to the srtuktur roof.
2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of Bamboo
2.5.1. Advantages of bamboo
Bamboo is easily grown and do not require maintenance in particular. To perform a bamboo
cultivation, no large investment is required, once plants have been steadily, the results can be obtained
for shots without planting again. Bamboo cultivation can be done just any person, with simple
equipment and does not require high knowledge stock. During growth, bamboo can grow vertically 5
cm per hour, or 120 cm per day. Bamboo can be used in many ways. In contrast to the new forest trees
are ready to be cut down with good quality after 40-50 years old, then the bamboo with good quality
can be obtained at the age of 3-5 years. Bamboo plants have tremendous endurance. Bamboo Grove
has been burned, were still able to grow again. Bamboo has a high enough power, its strong
comparable with steel. However the strength of bamboo, this has not been put to good use because
usually rods bamboo structure coupled to a strap or a peg with its power is low. Bamboo-shaped pipe
so that the moment of high kelembabannya, hence bamboo is good enough to carry the moment
supple. Coupled with the nature of the structure of elastic bamboo bamboo has a high resistance to the
wind or earthquake.
2.5.2. The weakness of the Bamboo
Bamboo has a very low durability, bamboo is very potential for powder, beetle attacked so that the
building or furniture made from bamboo is not durable. Therefore order the building of bamboo,
which is not preserved, only seen as building components while only hold not more than 5 years.
Bamboo connection strength is generally very low due to arranging the rods of bamboo structures
often done conventionally wear the nails, pegs, or strap-style. In the wars of kaian rods of bamboo
structures made with nails or pegs, then the fibers that run parallel to the shear strength of low easy
bamboo broke because a nail or peg. Connecting cord wear strongly depends on the skills of the
executor. The strength of the connection is based only on the friction force between the rope and
bamboo or bamboo among one another with bamboo bamboo connection thus conventionally strength
is low, so the strength of the bamboo cannot be utilized in optimal. At the moment the rope ken-dor
swell as a result of shrinkage due to temperature change, the forces of friction, it will go down, and the
building may collapse. Therefore the connection cord to wear bamboo needs to be checked
periodically, and the rope must always be set to not saggy. The scarcity of manual designing or
standards related to buildings made of bamboo. Bamboo flammable properties. Though there are ways
to make bamboo are resistant to fire, but the cost is comparatively quite expensive. Social nature
relating to the public opinion which often menghu-bungkan bamboo with poverty, so that people can
stay at home for fear of bamboo is considered poor. People just want to live in bamboo houses if there
is no other choice. To overcome these barriers it is necessary, in order for architects involved home
made from bamboo looks interesting. This effort looked at buildings that form the bungalow and
restaurant that attracted foreign tourists.
2.6. Bamboo as building construction and structures
Earthquake Resistant Construction; Construct buildings that can withstand the load of the earthquake
is not economical. Therefore the main priority in building earthquake resistant building is creation of a
building that can prevent the occurrence of victims, as well as to minimize the loss of property. From
this understanding of earthquake resistant buildings are: (Teddy, 2009)
When a light quake, buildings should not be damaged well on non-structural components and their
structural components. In case of Earthquake, buildings may have been damaged on their structural
non-component (plafond collapsed, walls cracked) but the structural components (columns, beams,
sloof) must not be damaged. When the big quake, buildings can be damaged well on non-structural
components as well as their structural components, but the soul of the occupant of the building still
survives, that is to say before the buildings collapsed is still sufficient time for the occupants of the
building to exit.
3. Design Of Bamboos As Material Alternative Buildingand Construction
In general building construction must meet requirement 5: (Frick 1999) a. is strong and durable, in the
sense of not easily damaged so relatip be cheap maintenance costs. b. functional in terms of shape, size
and organization of the room mememihi needs in accordance with their functions. c., in Beautiful
shape is unsightly. d., in a hygienic air circulation and light enough so that its occupants feel
comfortable and healthy. e. Economic, in the sense that there is no wastage of so that financing be
relatively efficient and

Figure 4. Bamboo the above stone or concrete Figure 5. Schematic of bamboo for the
foundation Foundation is not in contact with the ground
(Purwito, 1995)
Bamboo floor may be at ground level, and because it's just made up of compacted soil, with or without
retaining of woven bamboo. However, the solution chosen is to raise the floor above the ground
creates a kind of construction stage. This improves comfort and hygiene and may provide storage
areas covered under the floor. When the 5 floors, the floor is elevated to become an integral part of the
structural frame. Bamboo flooring usually consist of a bamboo stick to strip beam Foundation or
object to the Foundation. Beams were installed around the perimeter of the building. Beams and
columns are generally around 100 mm in diameter.
3.1 Bamboo as flooring
The land on the first floor is compacted with bamboo reinforcement purposes. Bamboo Anyamam
serapat is organized is perhaps the bergunan to strengthen the field of flooring and bamboo used intact
without the cut. Then by raising the floor above the ground creates a kind of construction stage. This
improves comfort and hygiene and may provide storage areas covered under the floor. The floor
became an essential part of the structural frame. Bamboo flooring bamboo arrangement consists of
vertical and horizontal distance 20 cm with a 20 cm on the floor area. This short distance made with
purpose in order to avoid cracking due to the earthquake. The cavity between the bamboo is filled with
mortar (cast concrete). At the edge of the in pairs of beams on the perimeter of the building. Beams
and columns are generally around 100 mm in diameter.

Figure 6. Bamboo as the floor plate Figure 7. Bamboo the above stone or concrete
foundation
3.2 Bamboo as a wall
The most extensive use of bamboo in construction is for walls and partitions. The main elements of the
bamboo walls generally forms part of the structural frame. Thus bamboo must be able to withstand the
burden of building good weight and useful load, weather, and earthquakes. A filler between the
bamboo matting is required to complete the wall. The purpose of the charger is to protect against rain,
wind and animals, to provide privacy and provide retaining the overall structure to ensure the stability
when subjected to a horizontal style. Fillers must be designed to allow for light and ventilation.
experiment).
3.3 Bamboo as Foundation
Georg Lippsmeier (1980), says an earthquake-resistant wall construction of reinforced soil from the
ground has been reinforced by reinforcement of Foundation above seasoned natural stone bamboo
reinforcement and established elements of a wall of solid land is also bamboo reinforced with T-
shaped metal molding provides the stability of living on the wall. Cracks in wall filled with soil
elements function as points of cracks when the wall collapsed by the quake. (of the results of the
research developed in the Laboratoratorium Construction of University Kassel.
3.4. Bamboo as a wall
The most extensive use of bamboo in construction is for walls and partitions. The main elements of the
bamboo walls generally forms part of the structural frame. Thus bamboo must be able to withstand the
burden of building good weight and useful load, weather, and earthquakes. A filler between the
bamboo matting is required to complete the wall. The purpose of the charger is to protect against rain,
wind and animals, to provide privacy and provide retaining the overall structure to ensure the stability
when subjected to a horizontal style. Fillers must be designed to allow for light and ventilation. The
necessity of retaining construction system adequate load so that a building can withstand a quake,
Quake style inertia must be transmitted from each element of the structure to the main structure of the
horizontal style then move these styles to the Foundation and to the ground. On the walls, bamboo
designed with arrangement of meetings (no crack/species). This serves as the field wall or vertical
amplifier that can withstand jolts of an earthquake.
 (b)
(a) Figure 8. (a, b) Bamboo as wall elements
4. Connection of Bamboo
 The connection between the bamboo one to the other is designed with bamboo belt and
put bamboo bamboo one to another (knock down). Knock down system was designed
with a tie on the connection between the bamboo bamboo with one another.

Figure 9. Sisstem belt on a bamboo connection

5. The Results Of The External
And Achieved
Material design of bamboo as a construction element; foundations, columns, walls and
floors. Bamboo can be used to make all the components of the building, both structural
and non structural. Bamboo construction is characterized by structural framework
approach similar to the one applied in the construction of the wood. In this case, the
element of floor, wall and roof of the mutually linked and interdependent of each
other for overall stability. For more details will be described one by one bamboo
design on parts of the construction elements, namely: The Foundation of bamboo
bamboo is used, among others, on top of the stone or concrete foundation, bamboo put
in concrete foundations (Figure 1), and bamboo as reinforcement of the concrete. In
General, it is best to keep the bamboo from direct contact with the ground, because
that is not preserved bamboo can rot very quickly if direct contact with the ground.
References
[1] Idham, Noor Kholis, Prinsip-Prinsip Desain Arsitekktur Tahan Gempa, 2014,
Penerbit ANDI, Yogyakarta.
[2] Georg Lippsmeier, Bangunan Tropis, Edisi Kedua, Penerbit Erlangga, 1980.
[3] Ni Komang Ayu Artiningsih, Pemanfaatan Bambu Pada Konstruksi
Bangunan Berdampak
Positip Bagi Lingkungan, ejournal.undip.ac.id https://scholar.google.co.id
[4] Heinz Frick, Rumah Sederhana, Kebijaksanaan Perencanaan dan Konstruksi,
Penerbit Kanisius, Tahun 1984.
[5] http://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2017/01/17/gempa-bumi-di-karo-
merusak-bangunan-di- empat-desa
[6] http://medan.tribunnews.com/2017/07/11/gempa-berkekuatan-52-pada-sr-
mengguncang- sumatera-utara-ini-titik-pusat-gempa.
[7] http://m.metrotvnews.com/sumatera/peristiwa/0k87Qp9b-gempa-bumi-akibat-
patahan-lokal-di- kabupaten-karo.

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