Shafeeh B.COM FINANCE 4-Converted-1

A STUDY ON THE PROBLEM OF MAHATHMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL 2020
EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME WORKERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
MIC ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE Page 1

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1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005
(MGNREGA) guarantees 100 days of employment in a financial year to any
household whose adult members are willing to do unskilled manual work The Act
has come in to force with effect from February 2006 in 200 districts initially and
later on extended to all the rural districts of India from the financial year 2008-
2009.
The Act is an important step towards realization of the right to work, it is also
expected to enhance people's Livelihood on a sustained basis, by developing the
economic and social infrastructure in rural areas. The choice of works seeks to
address the causes of chronic poverty such as draught, deforestation and soil
erosion. Effectively implemented the employment guaranteed under the Act has
the potential of transforming the geography of poverty.
MGNREGA is the most significant act in the history of Indian polity in many ways
like grassroots participation of Indian participation of every citizen and beneficiary
through demographic process, multilayered social audit and transparency
mechanism by involment of civil society, comprehensive planning at village level
towards sustainable and equitable development etc, and important salient features
of the Act is to improve the quality of life of rural households who are valuable to
out migration in search of daily wage employment by channelizing the wage
workforce towards development activities in the village level itself.
The scheme was initially in progress in the first phase of 200 districts during
cognitive stage generated lot of enthusiasm among social scientists and NGOS and
leads them to initiate several surveys on their own. The surveys as in the cases of

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any other are centered on the and results Such as targeting all the needy
beneficiaries and implementation of the Act in letter and spirit the scheme is
gigantic in nature and in the process Of implementation and achieving the desired
output, there are many issues which are straddling the implementing agencies right
from district to gram Panchayath..
The present study on impact of MGNREGS is intended to assess the overall

scenario i.e., the pros and cons associated with the scheme itself the efficiency of
social audit and at last to assess the impact of the scheme on targeted beneficiaries.
The mahatma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee scheme, besides the
main feature, also involves participatory planning and implementation of the
scheme through (a) productive role of gram Sabha (b) Rigorous and continues
monitoring by way of social audit and (c) Involment of ordinary people at the grass
roots level. it addresses (a) chronic poverty (b) drought (c) deforestation (d) soil
erosion etc. It also aims at (a generating productive assets (b)protecting the
environment (c)empowering rural women (d)arresting rural urban migration.
The scheme is implemented through collaborative partnership right from gram

Sabha to central government community participation by way of (a) gram Sabha
(b) local vigilance and monitoring committees and (c) self-help groups (SHGS)
and ensures active role by civil society organization. At official level, the scheme
was embedded with inbuilt monitoring and information system
. The scheme is implicitly strengthened by mandatory and active participation of

local community and complete transparency in all operations and record keeping
nevertheless due to massive findings, extensive coverage of beneficiaries, there is a
necessity to identify and assess the ground realities, Canalizing labor intensive

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activities in to sustainable assets at village level, besides studying the impact of the
scheme on migration, quality of life etc.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Unemployment and poverty are two crucial problems faced by all developing
countries like India. But with the implementation of this Employment Guarantee
Scheme, unemployment problems and poverty are reducing to a large extend.
MGNREGS is the largest employment generation programme in the world. It aims
to provide work to all who seek manual employment regardless of their location
and this includes coverage in remote regions and in diver's agro-ecological zones
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Population of the world is increasing fatly. Human resource is the only resource
which is also increasing fatly. In today's cut thought competitive world survival of
unskilled labors are very difficult Because every field of employments are
conquered by skilled labors. From the introduction of Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Guarantee scheme this problem of unskilled workers are
reduced to a great extent. In this context the selected topic entitled "A study "
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• To Understand Effectiveness of MGNREGA Project for The Eradication

Poverty
• To Understand Job Security of Workers in MGNREGA
• To Understand Financial Utilization of Workers In MGNREGA
• To Understand Problems Faced MGNREGA Workers

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1.5 SIGINIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
India had the experience of operating many types of public works programs.
MGNREGS has evolved in to its present shapes by building on the past experience
in designing and executing scheme providing employment. It is an improvement
over its predecessors. The employment envisaged under the scheme is defined as a
constitutional right so that the state offers a guaranteed number of days of
employment each year to unemployed work seekers from any household. It puts
the people with rights to seeks employment in a legal framework and approaches
development through the socio and economic empowerment of the poor and
marginalized.
1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1. The sample size may not be represented the target population of the study.
2. The study is restricted within Pulpatta Panchayath only.
3. Respondent are biased so collected information may not be exact or true
4. The attitude of the workers change from time to time
1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.7.1 SAMPLE DESING
Sample design sampling technique followed in this project work was random
sampling and convenience sampling. 100 workers in Pulpatta Panchayath

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1.7.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
Study was conducted based on the response of sample respondent. A schedule of

question was handed over to each respondent, and their responses to questions
were collected. Collected data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to
reveal meaningful findings on the background of textual data.
1.7.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY
The population of the study is the workers of MGNREGS program on 15 wards of

Pulpatta Panchayath. the population, therefore , comprises all the workers who
have worked under MGNREGS program on Pulpatta Panchayath
1.7.4 SAMPLING FRAME
For the purpose of the study among 21 wards under pulpatta panchayath . only one
ward selected. Here MGNREGS workers of “valamangalam”(15 wards ) are
selected
1.7.5 AREA OF STUDY
The study was focused of the workers of MGNREGS in Pulpatta Panchayath of

Errand Taluk of Malappuram district
DATA COLLECTION
For the purpose of study, data were collected from both primary and secondary
sources

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➢ Primary data
The primary data were collected from 100 people who are in Pulpatta Panchayath,
currently working under MGNREGS. The data were collected by using structured
questionnaire
➢ Secondary Data
Secondary data were collected from newspapers, journals and from NREGA
website
1.8 PERIOD OF STUDY
The primary date survey has been carried out during the period from February 1 st
to February 21st
1.9 CHAPTERISATION
CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
The first chapter contains introduction of the study , significant of the study , scope
of the study, research problems , and objective of the study , research
methodology and limitation of the study
CHAPTER -2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The second chapter consist review of literature

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CHAPTER -3
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The third chapter includes the theoretical background of the study
CHAPTER -4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The fourth chapter contains the data analysis and interpretation through table and
chart
CHAPTER -5
FINDINGS, SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION

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CHAPTER 2

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This part of the chapter deals with the review of available literature on the
topic. It enables us to gain insight into the problems and guides us to minimize
Duplication of research efforts. The review covers all the aspects related to the
theoretical understanding of the subject and it includes its features, effects and
impacts on the economy, existing implementation status, weakness, limitations and
strength of MGNREGS at national as well as regional level. A number of research
studies have been conducted on various aspects of MGNREGS. Some studies
relating to MGNREGS are reviewed below.
Raja Lakshmi, (2012), in her study examine the women empowerment, issues
and challenges and impact on MGNREGA scheme in India from 2005 to 2015.
Women participation is very high with 80% of the total beneficiaries under the
scheme. The concept of women’s empowerment has got wider popularity and
acceptance in Tamil Nadu with the launching of decentralized planning in the state.
The study concludes that economically empowering women on MGNREGA
scheme lays the basis for greater independence and also for self-esteem. It has
become a symbol of the empowerment of the rural women and contributed
Substantially for improving their lifestyle and economic conditions.

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Kurinjimalar&Prasanna, (2012), in their study analyzed the impact of
MGNREGP on poverty alleviation with special reference to Salem and Villupuram
Districts of Tamil Nadu. The study finds that MGNREGP fulfilled their basic
needs of the workers like food consumption, medicine, children’s education and
small savings like SHGs. Under this programme people enjoy the infrastructural
facilities like road, water conservation and irrigation facilities.
Meera&Kaleeswaran, (2012), in this paper attempts to find out Financial
Inclusion Index (FII) through MGNREGS. The study reveals that the direct
transfer of wages through bank and post office accounts of the beneficiaries
introduced paradigm shift and has resulted to speed up greater financial inclusion
to the rural poor. Thus, MGNREGS provides a greater opportunity to government
for financial inclusion and inclusive growth. The wage payment through banks
and post office lead to the greater transparency and reliability for payment and
increase banking habit among rural people of India.
Singh, Negi&Dhanai, (2013), conducted a study in Pauri Garhwal district
of Uttarakhand. In this study, they tried to bring out some of the facts regarding

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awareness about the details of MGNREGA among its intended beneficiaries. It has
been found that people were often not aware of the basic guidelines regarding Job
card issue, unemployment allowance, worksite facility, social audit and other legal
entitlements. They opined that, through the mobilization, awareness among the
rural households can be generated and this may ensure successful implementation
of the MGNREGA.
Devi &Nabakumar, (2013), in their study revealed that MGNREGS
enhanced the livelihood quality of the people in the study area. The data revealed
that the impact of MGNREGA reflected upon village level infrastructure
development or asset creation is felt by the individual households. No substantial
household income is generated due to the scheme. There has been not much
improvement in the interfamilial relationship in social aspect. Social networking
process and social interaction with mutual respect are on the rise
Kumar, (2013), in his study made an attempt to assess the Performance and
progress of MGNREGA in the Mysore District. The major objective was to know
the performance and attitude for people towards MGNREGS. find that the
performance of MGNREGA in Mysore district has brought many positive changes

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in improving the livelihood of the poor people along with improvement in the
infrastructure for sustainable growth. In the district, the scheme has been oriented
more towards the water conservation and water harvesting, drought proofing flood
control and protection of environment, which are more essential and urgent are as
to focus upon MGNREGA also resulted in decline in rural unemployment,
Increase in agricultural production and improvement of rural communication.
Kartika, (2014), in her study made an attempt to study. the major objective was to
Know influences of MGNREGS any women worker. The impact of MGNREGA
on socio- economic development and Women empowerment. Women worker
feels highly satisfied with the MGNREGA employment as now they get the wages
equal to the male workers and also she Can participate in upliftment of them
family by becoming an earning member of the family. Thus, MGNREGA
has brought economic independence among women, which was
the main aim of MGNREGA. It is programme that has affected the lives of rural
women in real sense.
Pankaj & Sharma (2014) based on his study indicated a relatively high share of
MGNREGA income to the total income (about 8% of the total annual income of

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the households in Bihar and about 2% in Jharkhand) of the beneficiary households,
despite the low number of employment days in Bihar and Jharkhand. This, he
stated was because of the very low income base of the households. The
beneficiaries in both the states he held used their MGNREGA earnings for food
and daily consumption items. They also observed reduction of seven percent points
of indebtedness, 12 percent points in outmigration among beneficiary households
in Bihar. MGNREGA was also stated by him to have inculcated a new level of
consciousness about the entitlement on minimum wage. An increase in the Work
Participation Rate (WPR) though observed but did not produce any significant
impact on the local wage because of the availability of abundant labor force on one
hand and low level of employment generation under MGNREGA on the other.
Singh and Nauriyal (2015) assessed the impact of MGNREGA in three districts
Of Uttarakhand. They reported that activities of MGNREGA were found to be
supplementing income of the household to the extent of 10-20 per cent (and hence
no significant improvement in their income and employment levels) & a marginal
improvement in curtailment of migration and indebtedness. Increase in
consumption levels and savings were also marginally improved among the sample
households. There port also indicated that lack of procedures, low levels of

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Awareness and weak Panchayati Raj Institutions were the reasons for low
Performance of MGNREGS in the Sample districts.
Deininger and Liu (2015) studied the effect of NREGA directly on beneficiaries
through some major welfare indicators. Based on their data surveyed in the year
2004covering 2500 households in Andhra Pradesh, before MGNREGA had just
conceived &in the year 2006 when the implementation of this programme has been
started & also in the year 2008 when MGNREGA has been operated nation-wide.
Their observed results suggested that though this scheme targets the rural poor’s
but the higher participation is from those who have some influence of the local
leaders in providing of works. A low participation from the women folk & the
illiterate people indicates the constraints of the programme while allocating labour
to the limiting factor. Their findings also pointed out positive & significant impacts
of MGNREGA towards (i) consumption items (ii) energy& protein intake (iii)
household assets collection meaning thereby that the short term effects of the
scheme on the participation of the households were greater & positive than its cost
Khera (2015) regarding the implementation of MGNREGA stated that the

implementation of the programmed in one of the block Pati of Orissa state was so
successful that it went beyond the capability of the locals to claim their rights. He
also stressed that apart from the primary objective of enhancing social security of
the rural poor by providing employment, MGNREGA was also supposed towards
gram sabhas, women empowerment & development of the rural areas. In this
context studies were also conducted by the author in Madhya Pradesh revealed that

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hence it fully imbibe the spirit of MGNREGA & looks as an opportunity for the
overall development of the villages.
Indira Hirway (2015) studied the “Employment Guarantee Programme and Pro-
Poor Growth in a village in Gujarat” and reported that a well-designed wage-
employment programme, with a guarantee component not only addresses the
immediate problem of ensuring employment and wages to the poor at the bottom,
but also contributed towards promoting pro-poor economic growth. In her study
she employed a village-level social accounting matrix (SAM) to estimate the
employment, income and output multiplier impacts of NREGA works in the
village of Gujarat and reported that multipliers tend to increase with time. She
further added that NREGA works contributed a lot for women by relieving them
from drudgery of unpaid work like collection of water, fuel, wood, fodder, for
shelter, craft etc., by strengthening local infrastructure.
Imbert, and Papp, (2016) presented evidences on the impacts of NREGA related
to labor market equilibrium. They used the steady roll-out of the programmed &
make estimation of the changes in those districts which received MGNREGA
programmed earlier than those who received the programmers later. Their
estimation revealed that following the introduction of the programmer, public
employment per prime-aged person has increased by three days per month (1.3 per
cent of private sector employment) in early districts than in the rest of India. Their
results suggested that public sector hiring crowds in private sector work increases
private sector wages.

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Public works programmes, as studied by Azam (2016), are designed to build a

strong social safety net through redistribution of wealth and generation of
meaningful employment. He assessed causal impacts (Intent-to-Treat) of NREGA
on public works participation, labor force participation, and real wages of casual
workers by exploiting its phased implementation across Indian districts. On the
basis of their study author stated that MGNREGA has produced a significant
positive impact on the wages of female casual workers. He however further added
that the impact of NREGA on wages of casual male workers has only been
marginal (about 1%)
Vaidya and Singh (2017) studied performance of MGNREGA in five districts of

Himachal Pradesh. They suggested that out-migration was mainly the result of
higher wages prevailing in the nearby towns and also added that MGNREGA did
enhanced food security, provided protection against extreme poverty, helped to
reduce distress migration and indebtedness and gave greater economic
independence and purchasing power to women. They also stated that good quality
assets were created under MGNREGA.

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CAPTER 3
THEORETICAL FRAME WORK

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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employer
Guarantee Act (2005)
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGA)the ever programme giving legal guarantee to minimum of 100 days
of work in a financial Year ,is a public work programme (PWP) PWPs are defined
as all activities entails payment of wage (in cash or in kind) by the state, or by an
agent acting on behalf of the state in return for a provision of labour, in order to a)
enhance employ ment and b) produce an asset (either physical or social) with the
overall objective of promoting social participate ,”(Annam cord 2009) There are by
and large 4distinct Although sometimes overlapping type PWPs offering single
short term episode of employment which providing a risk or protective forms of
social protection, 2 )large scale government employment program which are
response chronic and sustained basis 3] programme promoting the labour
intensification of government infrastructure spending with primary objective of
constricting asset while increasing aggregate labour usage ;and 4] programme
which enhances employability by promising work experience and skills formation
among the unemployment MGNREGS belong to the second category
FEATURES
Salient features of the Act include
• Household willing to do unskilled manual work will have to apply for

registration to the local grama panchayath ( GP ),in writing or orally
• The grama panchayath ,after due verification will issue a job card to the
house hold as a whole

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• A job card holding house hold may submit application for employment to
the gram panchayath, stating the time and duration for which work is sight
• The minimum days of the employment have to be fifteen
• The gram panchayath will issue a dated receipt of the written application for
the employment against which the guarantee of providing employment
within 15 days operates
• if the employment is not within 15 days, of daily unemployment allowance
in cash has to be paid. The ability of payment of unemployment allowance
rests on the states
• Disbursement of the Wages has to be done on weekly basis and not beyond
a fortnight
• Panchayath Raj institution (PRIs )has a principal role in planning and
implementation
• At least50% of workers have to be allotted to gram panchayath for execution
• A60:40 wages and material ratio has to maintained
• Contractors and use of labour disbursing machinery are prohibited
• The choose of works suggested in the Act address the causes of chronic
poverty like drought, deforestation ,and soil erosion so the process of
employment generation is maintainable basis

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VISION
MGNREGA seeks to enhance the livelihood security of the households in rural

areas of the country by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage
employment in every financial year to year house hold whose adult members
volunteer to do unskilled manual work
Mission
To augment wage employment opportunities by providing employment of demand

and there by extent a security net to the people and simultaneously create asset to
alleviate some aspects of poverty and address the issue of development in the rural
areas
OBJECTIVE
MGNREGA is designed as a safety net to reduce migration by rural poor

household in the lean rethought at least 100 days of guaranteed un skilled manual
labour provided on demand to each household ,at minimum wage prescribed by
respective stages it is also expected to enhance people ‘s livelihood on sustained
basis ,by developing the economic and social infrastructure in rural areas works
focused on water conservation ,land development and drought proofing are to be
taken up under the act

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Duties / Main Activities / Functions and List of Service

Provided
- The Ministry of Rural Development (MORED) is the nodal ministry for the
implementation of MGERIEGA .it is responsible for ensuring timely and adequate
resource support to the state and the to the central council. It has to undertake
regular review, Monitoring and evaluations of processes and outcomes. It is
responsible for maintaining and operating the MIS to capture and track data on
critical aspects of implementation and asses the utilization of resources through a
set of performance indicators. MORD will support innovation that help in
improvement processes towards the achievements of the objective of the Act. It
will support the use of Information Technology (IT) to increase the efficiency and
transparency of the process, as well as interface with public .it will also ensure that
the implementation of MGNREGA at all levels is sought to be made transparent
and accountable to the public
A central employment guarantee council has been up under the chairman ship of
minister of rural development. The central council is responsible for advising the
central government on MGNREGA related matters, and for monitoring and
evaluating the implementation of the MGNREGA for submission to parliament
Organizational Structure Diagram at various levels - state,

directorate, region, district, block etc.
The panchayath at district, intermediate and village levels are principal authorities
for planning and implementation of the scheme made under this act key
stakeholder's are Wage Seekers, Gram Sabha, PRIs specially the Gram Panchayath,

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Program Officers at the Block Level, District Program Coordinator, State

Government and Ministry of Rural Development
Mechanism available for monitoring the service delivery and public

grievance redressed mechanisms
periodic reviews in the Performance Review committee (PRC) meeting are held
quarterly basis State specific reviews are also undertaken, Independent monitoring
and Verifications by National Level monitors and eminent citizens, 'Visit by
members of central employment guarantee council. State and District level
vigilances Anderson monitory committees have been set up. Ministry also sends
officers to monitor the progress,
As implementation of the Act is done by the state government in Accordance with

the Scheme formulated by the them as per the provision of the act, all complaints
received in the Ministry are forwarded to the concerned states for taking
appropriate action as per law in complaints as serious as serious nature. The
ministry deputes national level monitoring (NLMs)to the investigate the
complaints report of the NLMs are shared with the concerned state government for
taking corrective action.
In order have an effective and speedy grievance redressed mechanism; instructions

dated 7/09/2009 have been issued to all states for setting up a district level
ombudsman. National HELPLINE has also been set up in the ministry and
instruction have been issued to all the states for opening their own state
HELPLINE

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REGISTRATION FOR EMPLOYMEMT

The adult member of every household who resides in rural areas and is willing to
do-unskilled manual work may apply for registration of household for issuance of
job card (schedule 211) of the act.
EMPLOYMENT IN THE SCHEME

Employment must be within 15 days of receipt of an application and within a
radius 5km of their place of residence. In case employment cannot be provided
within 15 days of receipt of the application, the applicant shall be entitled to a daily
unemployment allowance (Schedule 7 (1)) of the Act
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
The unemployment allowance rate for the first 30 days shall not be less than 1/4 of
The wage for the remaining period of the financial year the unemployment
allowance rate should not be less than 1/5 of the wage rate in the event of any
delay in the payment than allowance, the receipt shall not be entitled to
compensation based on the same principals as wage compensation under the
payment of wage act 1936 compensation cost shall not be borne by the state
government |
MINIMUM WAGE
Minimum Wages for the for the state shall be such that a person working for 7
hours would normally earn a wage royal to the rate .Minimum wages are to be
fixed by the state g government under section 3 of the minimum wage act 1948
until the time ,the wage rate is fixed by the central government .However the
minimum wage shall not be at a rate less than 60 rupees per day

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TYPES OF WORK UNDER THE SCHEME

As per schedule 1 of the act, the focus of the rural employment guarantee scheme
shall not be on the following works:
a) Water conservation and water harvesting
b) Drought proofing (A forestation and three plantations).
c) irrigation canals,
d) Provision of irrigation facility to land owned by SC / ST / beneficiaries under

Indira Awas Yojana
e) Renovation of traditional water bodies
F) Desalting of tanks.
(g) Land development.
(h) flood control and protection work including water logged areas in drainage in
water logged areas
i) Rural connectivity to provide all-weather access,
J) Other works notified by the central or state government
APPLICATION FOR WORK
At the Gram Panchayath level application for the work is to be submitted to

serpent of the Grama Panchayath, the application can also be submitted to the
Programming Officer .The serpent of Grama Panchayath and the Program Officer
shall be bound to accept the valid application and the applicant to the issue a dated
receipt to the applicant

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EMPLOYMENT CARD
As per Schedule 2
(1) of the Act, the gram Panchayath will issue a job card after registration free
of cost to each applicant household, the job card will contain the details of
adult members of such as name, age, address and photographs . registration
will be made for every 5year and may be renewed from time to time
AVAILABILITY OF WORKS
Under the act. Employment shall be provided within radius of 5 km from the
residency of the applicant (Schedule 2 (12) of the Act). If the employment is
provided outside 5km it must be provided within the block with 10 %extra wage to
meet additional transportation and living expenses, the residency of IT
employment is provided outside of 5km it must be 00 additional wage to meet
additional transportation and living expenses (schedule 2 (14) of the Act).
Applicant are to be intimated by written letter and a public notice shall be
displayed at the Gram Panchayath and programme officer (schedule 2 (11) of the
Act. Priority shall be given to women and in such a way that at least 1/3 rd of the
beneficiaries shall be women ((Schedule 2(6) of the Act).
FACILITIES AT WORKSITE
Worksite facilities are to be provided by the implemented agency (schedule 2 (27)

of the act) these include
(a) Safe drinking water
(b) Shade for children and periods for rest for workers
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(c) first – aid box for emergency treatment and minor injuries
(d) safety equipment and measures for the health hazards connect with work to
look
SANCTION AND ALLOTMENT OF WORKERS
PROVINCIAL OF SOCIAL AUDIT
The grama panchayath shall made available all relevant document. Muster rolls,
bills, voucher, order and order and other books of accounts and papers to the gram
sabha for the purpose of social audit (schedule 17(3) of the act, )
BAN ON CONTRACTORS AND MACHINES
Machines and Contractors are banned. The Scheme shall not permit engaging any
contractor for implantation of the project under the scheme (Schedule (1) of The
Act) works Under the Work this scheme shall be Performed By using Manual
Labour and Not by Machines (Schedule 1 (12) of the Act),
Grievance redressed mechanism
The State Government shall make rules and regulations to deal with any
complaints at a block and district level (schedule 1(19) of the act). If any dispute
complaints arise under the scheme, the scheme against the Grama Panchayath the
matter to the referred to programme Officer (Schedule 23 (5) of the Act).
Programme officer shall dispose the dispute and complaints within 7 days of its
receipt (schedule 23 (6) of the Act). Accept against the programme officer will be
to the District Program Coordinator Appeal against the District Program Officer
may be with an appropriate authority designated by the state government

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WAGE EMPLOYMENT
Direct provision of wage employment is obviously an attractive instrument for
poverty alleviation wherever Employment Programs the poor dependence heavily
upon wage employment, for their income and also suffer from considerable
unemployment and underemployment. Wage employment programme have sought
to achieve multiple objective. They not only provide employment opportunities,
during lean agricultural seasons but also in times of floods, droughts and other
natural calamities. They create rural infrastructure that further economic activity.
"These programs also put an upward pressure on market wage rates by attracting
people to public work programs, reducing demand labour supply and pushing up
demand. wage employment programs in the country was provided 01 - The
attainment of self - sufficiency in food grains in the 1970s.
BENEFITS OF MGNREGA
MGNREGS is the first tangible commitment to the poor that they can expect to
earn a living wage without loss if dignity and demand this as a right.MGNREGA
has benefited the people especially the marginalised and the poor on several count
.The scheme has certain drawbacks/ shortcomings too
1- Attitudinal change
MGNREGA has brought a big shift in the altitude of the people.It has impacted on
the social structure of the village .People are responded to have said that they will
all work together as a group and not a caste basis

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2- Assured income
The scheme has improve the lives of the people and has brought stability and
assured income to the families that where unit recently poor .Uncertain places
especially during the lean season MGNREGA had been the only sources of income
3- Change in expenditure pattern

The scheme has its impact on the expenditure pattern of the families also. A shift
in expenditure pattern on food and non- food items with family spending more on
both the counts could be found: more than half of the house hold have purchased
lives stock like sheep and goat
4-Migration checked
An important problem in rural areas “distress migration “ especially when a area

was stuck by drought ,famine ,flood or other natural calamities .Field report have
clearly indicated that the people/ beneficiaries no longer have to place looking for
work. The migration has fallen very sharply.
5-panchayath strengthened
The entire scheme is being implemented by the panchayath and through the
panchayath. Identification of work , implemented of work, implemented of work,
district bursement of wage and social auditing has become the responsibility of
Gram panchayath. This has provided a vast scope for strengthening Gram Sabha
and the panchayath which in turn helps building participatory democracy.

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
Limitations of MGNREGA
The scheme suffers from certain problems. The problems are inter-related. The
problems are not with the scheme but with the way in which it is implemented.
Some important problems as reported from the date are normally updated post-
factor ,thus undermining the fieldfare listed below.
1-Delay in payment of wages
There has been a prolonged delay in payment of wages. As per the provision of the
act, workers must be within paid 15 days .However, wage could not be paid within
the stipulated period of time .The main reason attributed for the delay is the
inability of the bank’s and post offices to handle mass payment of MGNREGS
wages.
2-delay in issue of job card
An important factor of the MGNREGS is that job needs to be given to workers

within 15 days demand for work .The study but the institute of applied manpower
research indicates that 80 percent of the household are yet to get within 15 days of
their demand for work and worse still they were note given unemployment
allowance either
3-failure to hit the 100 guaranteed days
The act has guaranteed 100 days of work per year to all the rural household
registered under the scheme . However ,majority of the household work only for
an average of 50 days .This clearly shows that a lot need to be done to ensure 100
days of work to all the rural households in all the states

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
4-inter-state variation
There are inter – state variations is executing the scheme .Certain states have
performed well in terms of certain key indicators ,such as women participation
,average days of employment per person per annum ,conduct of social audited

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.1
SEX WISED CLASSIFICATION
Gender No-Of Respondent Percentage

Male 26 37%
Female 44 63%
Transgender 0 0%
Total 70 100%
CHART 4.1
SEX WISED CLASSIFICATION
GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION
MALE
FEMALE
TRANSGENDER
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the sex of respondent . out of 70 respondent 63%
are female 37% are male. There is no transgender in the respondent.

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENT BASED AGE

Classification No-of respondent Percentage
Below 25 2 3%
26-35 22 31%
36-45 30 43%
Above 46 16 23%
Total 70 100%
CHART 4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENT BASED AGE
AGE
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
AGE
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Below 25 26-35 36-45 Above 46
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the classification of MGNREGS workers on the
basis of age. Out of 70 respondent 3% are below 25, 31% respondent are between
26-35, 43% respondent are between 36-45 and 23% respondent are above the age
of 46

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESPONDENT OF

MERITAL STATUS
status No-of respondent Percentage
single 62 89%
married 8 11%
total 70 100%
CHART 4.3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESPONDENT OF

MERITAL STATUS
MERITAL STATUS
single married
11%
89%
INTERPRETATION
The above table and diagram show the marital status of 70 respondent. Out
of 89% are married and 11% are single.

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.4 CLASSIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF

COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY NO OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
SC/ST 52 74%
OBC 11 16%
OTHER 7 10%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.4 CLASSIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF

COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY
SC/ST OBC OTHER
10%
16%
74%
INTERPRETATION
Out of 70 respondent 74% are SC/ST, 16% are OBC and 10% are other
community. The above table and diagram shows the community of respondents.

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.5 CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON EDUCTIONAL

QUALIFICATION
EDUCTIONAL NO OF RESPONDENT PERCENTAGE
QUALIFICATION
BELOW SSLC 38 54%

SSLC 20 29%
PLUS TWO 8 11%
OTHER 4 6%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.5 CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON EDUCTIONAL

QUALIFICATION
EDUCATOINAL QUALIFICATION
EDUCATOINAL QUALIFICATION
54%
29%
11%
6%
BELOW SSLC SSLC PLUS TWO OTHER
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the educational qualification of MGNREGS
respondent. Out of 70 respondent 54% are below SSLC. 29% are qualified
SSLC,I1% are qualified Plus two and 6% have other qualification

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.6 SHOWING HOW THE RESPONDENT KNOW

ABOUT MGNREGS
CRITERIA NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENT
RAMA 39 56%
PGANCHAYATH
POSTER 0 0%
NEIGHBOUR 26 37%
MEDIA 5 5%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.6 SHOWING HOW THE RESPONDENT KNOW

ABOUT MGNREGS
INFORMATION ABOUT MGNREGS
RAMA PGANCHAYATH
POSTER
NEIGHBOUR
MEDIA
INTERPRETATION
The above table and diagram show how the worker get to know the MGNREGS.
Out of 70 respondent 56% are known from Grama Panchayath, 37% are known
from neighbors and 7% are known from media

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.7 CLASSIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF WORKING

YEARS
YEAR NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENT
BELOW 3 YEAR 5 7%
3-5 YEAR 16 23%
5-8 YEAR 29 41%
ABOVE 8 YEAR 20 29%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.7 CLASSIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF WORKING

YEARS
WORKING YEARS
WORKING YEARS
41%
29%
23%
7%
BELOW 3 YEAR 3-5 YEAR 5-8 YEAR ABOVE 8 YEAR
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the working years of respondent in the
MGNREGS. Out of 70 respondent 41% are working between 5-8 years, 29% are
working above 8 years. 23% are working between 3-5 years and 7% are working
below 3 years
PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.8 CLASSFICATION ON THE BASIS OF STANDARD

OF LIVING
STANDARD OF NO OF PERCENTAGE
LIVING RESPONDENT
HIGLY IMPROVE 16 23%
NEUTRAL 20 26%
IMPROVE 18 28%
IMPAIR 11 16%
HIGHLY IMPAIR 5 7%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.8 CLASSFICATION ON THE BASIS OF STANDARD

OF LIVING
STANDARD OF LIVING
HIGLY IMPROVE NEUTRAL IMPROVE IMPAIR HIGHLY IMPAIR
7%
23%
16%
28% 26%

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
INTERPRETATION
The above table and diagram show the standard of living of the respondent in
MGNREGS. Out of 70 respondents 60% have agree to Increase in the standard of
living and 40% didn't have increase in the standard of living
TABLE 4.9 CLASSIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF FOOD

SECURITY
FOOD SECURITY NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENT
YES 51 73%
NO 19 27%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.9 CLASSIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF FOOD

SECURITY
FOOD SECURITY
YES
NO

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
INTERPRETATION
The above table and diagram show the food security of the respondent. Out of 70
respondent 73% agree to the increase in their food Security and 27% didn't have
increase in the food security,
TABLE 4.10 CLASSIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF WORK

ENVIRONMENT
WORK NO OF PERCENTAGE
ENVIRONMENT RESPONDENT
ALWAYS 13 18%
OFTEN 12 17%
SOME TIME 25 36%
RARE 14 20%
NEVER 6 9%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.10 CLASSIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF WORK

ENVIRONMENT
WORK ENVIRONMENT
NEVER
RARE
SOME TIME
WORK ENVIRONMENT
OFTEN
ALWAYS
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the work environment of the respondent. Out of
70 respondents36% have agree to some time, 20% have agree to rare, 18% have
agree to always,17% have agree to often and 9% have agree to never.
TABLE 4.11 CLASSIFICATION OF THE BASIS OF

INCREASMENT OF INCOME LEVEL
INCOME LEVEL NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENT
HIGH 42 60%
AVERAGE 20 29%
POOR 8 11%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.11 CLASSIFICATION OF THE BASIS OF

INCREASMENT OF INCOME LEVEL
INCREASE INCOME LEVEL
70%
60%
50%
40%
INCREASE INCOME LEVEL
30%
20%
10%
0%
HIGH AVERAGE POOR

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
INTERPRETATION
The above table and diagram show the income level increment in MGNREGS
respondent. Out of 70 respondents 60% have high level increase, 29% have
average level increase and 11% respondents have no increase in income under this
scheme
TABLE 4.12 BETTER WAGE THAN BEFORE

BETTER WAGE NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENT
HIGH 38 54%
AVERAGE 24 34%
POOR 8 12%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.12 BETTER WAGES THAN BEFORE
BETTER WAGE THAN BEFORE

HIGH AVERAGE POOR
12%
34% 54%

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
INTERPRETATION
The above table and diagram show the description of wage in MGNREGS
scheme and the wage before the scheme to the workers. Out of 70 respondents
54% have better wage than before, 34% have average wage in the scheme while
comparing to the wage before and 12% have no better wage than before.
TABLE 4.13 EMPLOYEMENT AVAILABILITY OF THE

SCHEMM
EMPLOYEE NO OF PERCENTAGE
AVAILABILITY RESPONDENT
STRONGLY AGREE 56 80%
AGREE 10 14%
NEUTRAL 4 6%
STRONGLY 0 0%
DISAGREE
DISAGREE 0 0%
TOTAL 70 100%

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
CHART 4.13 EMPLOYEMENT AVAILABILITY OF THE

SCHEMM
EMPOLMENT AVAILABILTY
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL STRONGLY DISAGREE
AGREE DISAGREE
EMPOLMENT AVAILABILTY
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the employment availability after the
implementation of the scheme. Out of 70 respondents 80% are strongly agree tothe
employment availability, 14% agree and 6% have neutral decision
TABLE 4.14 EQUALITY OF WORKERS PARTICIPATION

EQUALITY NO OF PERCENTAGE
WORKERS RESPONDENT
HIGH 37 53%
SATISFACTION
SATISFIED 22 31%
NEUTRAL 11 16%
DISSATISFIED 0 0%
HIGHLY 0 0%
DISSATISFIED
TOTAL 70 100%

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
CHART 4.14 EQUALITY OF WORKERS PARTICIPATION
WORKERS PARTICIPATION
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% WORKERS PARTICIPATION
0%
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the employment availability after the
implementation of the scheme. Out of 70 respondents 53% are strongly agree to
High Satisfaction the, 31% Satisfied and 0% have Dissatisfied And 0% Highly
Dissatisfied.

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.15 ERADICATION OF POVERTY AND

IMPROVEMENT QUALITY OF LIVING
ERADICATION OF NO OF PERCENTAGE
POVERTY AND RESPONDENT
INCREASE
STANDERD
LIVING
STRONGLY AGREE 50 71%
AGREE 14 20%
NEUTRAL 2 3%
STRONGLY 4 6%
DISAGREE
DISAGREE 0 0%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.15 ERADICATION OF POVERTY AND

IMPROVEMENT QUALITY OF LIVING
ERADICATION OF POVERTY AND

INCREASE STANDERD OF LIVING
STRONGLY AGREE AGREE NEUTRAL STRONGLY DISAGREE DISAGREE
0%
3%
6%
20%
71%

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
INTERPRETATION
The above table and diagram show the eradication of poverty and
increase the standard of living condition of MNREGS WORKERS. Out
of 70 respondents 71% strongly agree,20% are agree, 3% have neutral
view and 6% have disagreement towards the view.
TABLE 4.16 INFLUNCING FACTORS OF MGNREGS

FACTORS NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENT
INCOME 49 70%
SELF- 10 14%
SATISFACTION
INCREASE STATUS 8 12%
OTHER 3 4%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.16 INFLUNCING FACTORS OF MGNREGS
INFLUENCING FACTORS
INFLUENCING FACTORS
70%
14% 12% 4%

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the influencing factors of MGNREGS workers.
Out of 70 respondents 70% worker influenced the income, 14% influenced by the
self-satisfaction, 12% influenced by increase in status and 4% influenced by other
factors.
TABLE 4.17 CLASSIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS LEVEL OF

SAVING
LEVEL OF SAVING NO OF PERCENTAGE
RESPONDENT
BELOW 5% 20 28%
5%-10% 7 10%
10%-15% 11 16%
ABOVE 15% 32 46%
TOTAL 70 100%
CHART 4.17CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS LEVEL OF

SAVING
LEVEL OF SAVINGS
BELOW 5%
5%-10%
10%-15%
ABOVE 15%

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the savings level of the MGNREGS workers. Out
of 70 respondents 46% workers have a saving of above 15%, 28% workers have
savings below 5%,16 % workers have savings between 10%-15% and 10 %
workers have savings level between 5%-10%.
TABLE 4.18 SATISFACTION OF MGNREGA PROGRAMME
WORK FETURE (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) TOTAL W.A RANK
HS S N D HD
REGISTRATION 36 19 11 4 0 297 4.24 1
PROCESS
ISSUE OF JOB 25 30 12 3 0 287 4.1 2
CARD
WAGE 5 15 35 11 4 216 3.08 3
STRATURE
NATURE OF 4 3 7 23 33 132 1.88 4
WORK
TIME 0 3 5 29 33 118 1.68 5

DURATION OF
WORK

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
CHART 4.18 SATISFACTION OF MGNREGA PROGRAMME
TOTAL
TOTAL
TIME DURATION OF WORK 118
NATURE OF WORK 132
WAGE STRATURE 216
ISSUE OF JOB CARD 287
REGISTRATION PROCESS 297
INTERPRETATION
The above table and diagram show the satisfaction of work features in
70 respondents in rank basis. The worker give 1st rank to registration
process, 2nd rank to issue of job, 3rd rank to selection of work, 4th rank to
nature of work and 5th rank to time duration of work.

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TABLE 4.19 PRIORITY FIELD OF EXPENSES
FACTORS (6) (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) TOTAL W.A RANK
1 2 3 4 5 6
EDUCATION 12 18 22 11 4 3 294 4.2 4
HEALTH 16 18 23 10 3 0 314 4.48 1
FOOD 22 14 9 15 10 0 303 4.32 3
CLOTHS 20 19 10 10 8 3 304 4.34 2
ENTERTAIMENT 0 1 4 11 20 34 128 1.82 5
OTHERS 0 0 2 13 25 30 127 1.81 6
CHART 4.19 PRIORITY FIELD OF EXPENSES
Chart Title
Series1
294 314 303 304

128 127

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
INTERPRETATION
The above table and chart show the priority expenses in 70respondent in rank
basis. The worker give1st rank to health,2nd rank to clothes, 3rd rank to food, 4th
rank to education, 5th rank to entertainment and 6th rank to other factors.
TABLE 4.20 FACED PROBLEMS OF MGNREGS
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1) TOTAL W.A RANK

FACE PROBLEMS 1 2 3 4 5
MISMACH OF 12 15 19 6 18 207 2.9 4
WORKER WITH
JOB
CLIMATE 10 25 9 18 8 221 3.18 2
JOB SECURITY 25 9 14 15 7 240 3.4 1
UNAVALABILITY 13 10 24 19 4 219 3.12 3

OF EQUPIMENT
BAD 1 11 4 12 33 163 2.32 5

RECOGONITION

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
CHART 4.20 FACED PROBLEMS OF MGNREGS
RANK
Series1
5 5
4 3
3 1
2 2
1 4
INTERPRETATION
The above table and diagram show the Faced problem of MGNREGS 70
respondents in rank basis. The worker gives 1st rank to job security, 2nd rank to
climate, 3rd rank to unavailability of equipment, 4th rank to mismatch of worker
with job and 5th rank to bad recognition

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS, SUGGESSION AND CONCLUSION

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
5.1 FINDINGS
From the above study, it is found that the mahatma Gandhi national rural
employment guarantee scheme has a considerable role on the economic
development of the people.
1. Majority of workers are increased the standard of living under the
MGNREGS (60%)
2. The MGNREGS help to enhance the food security of most workers

(73%)
3. Majority of workers are know about the MGNREGS under the grama
panchayath (56%)
4. Majority of workers are satisfied with the MGNREGS working
environment (71%)
5. The majority workers are not faced any exploitation under the scheme
(89%). Only some workers are faced exploitation in the worksite (11%)
6. The most respontent are working under the MGNREGS between the 5-8
years(41%)
7. MGNREGS help increase in the level of the worker(60%)
8. The study view that majority workers earn good wage under scheme
.most workers are satisfied with the wage of the scheme. High
satisfaction (54%) and average satisfaction (34%)
9. Income is the main influencing factors of the MGNREGS workers 70%
of the workers work for income.
10. The grama panchayath communicate the information about the workers
and activities under the MGNREGS at correct time .56%know the
scheme from grama panchayath

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
11. Workers are not satisfied with the time duration of work and nature of
work . ranked 4 and 5 respectively out of 5 they are satisfied with the
selection of work , registration process and issue of job card
12. Majority works are satisfied with the equality in work participation. High
satisfaction (53%), satisfaction (31%)and neutral (16%)
13. The MGNREGS reduces the eradication of poverty .91% agree to this
14. It will give more job security under the scheme. 89% agree there is no
work exploitation. 88% agree that they have better wage
15. The MGNREGS help the workers with better financial utilization. 89 %
have increasment in income than before.
16. The MGNREGS bring development to backward areas. poverty
eradication at 71%.employement availability at 94%
17. Grama panchayath give more information about MGNREGS to decrease
the poverty .56% respondents know about scheme from grama
panchayath
18. MGNREGS provide more employment opportunity (80%)
19. MGNREGS help to increase the saving habit of the people (46%)
20. MGNREGS workers spend their income mostly for health, clothes, food,
education,entertaimentand other factors on the basis of rank 1,2,3,4,5,6
respectively

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
5.2 SUGGESTION
➢ The study recommends that mahatma Gandhi National Rural

Employment guarantee scheme be continued
➢ It is also recommended that the work under MGNREGS be
expanded
➢ Awareness campaign for participants regarding the main
objectives and intent of the MGNREGS scheme should be
organized at grama panchayath level.
➢ The study recommends to improve the basic amenities in the
working
➢ Awareness about the grievance redrassal mechanism available
under this scheme should be provided to the beneficiaries
➢ Facilities which are mentioned in the act must be provided at
worksite
➢ To give more awareness programs to people about the scheme.
➢ Beneficiaries should provide worksite dress ,glosses ,and washing
allowances
➢ Reduce working hours

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
5.3 CONCLUSION
MGNREGA is landmark legislation in the history of social security legislation in
India after independence. Mahatma Gandhi NREGA is a very good step from the
Government to reduce unemployment. MGNREGA is a well thought out
legislation, a powerful tool in the hands of the rural people to get their basic
livelihood. MGNREGA has produced benefits for rural India, particularly through
the provision of extra income during tough times.
Impact of the MGNREGA, evidence clearly indicate that the scheme has impact on
the income, expenditure pattern, savings, migration, assets creation in the village,
assets creation on the private lands of SCs and STs, status of women and social
relationship. MGNREGA has also brought in benefits to the households as well as
to the community.
MGNREGA has brought positive changes in the respondents in terms of house,

increase monthly household income, education, increase monthly expenditure on
food items, improvement in fuel use for cooking, improvement in the source of
drinking water, improvement in the use toilet facility and reduction in social evils
like untouchability. Convergence of MGNREGA with education and health
departments lead to better human development in Rajasthan. MGNREGA also has
brought positive changes in the respondents in terms of employment opportunities,
living standard of the rural poor, rural connectivity, economic independence to
rural women, increased purchasing power, providing economic safety, no gender
discrimination in the allocation of work etc.
The distinctiveness of MGNREGA is in the fact that it carries emphasis on issues

like equality of wages for men and women, elimination of contractors, creating

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
transparency in muster roll and payment of wages only through bank and post
office accounts to prevent corruption.
The assets built under MGNREGA have to be targeted to better serve the needs of
the local population. There needs to be a blueprint that clearly outlines the essential
infrastructure for each district, block and village and the scheme should be used as
a 175 tool to create this infrastructure. A positive side, there has been a rise in
employment days and wages in Rajasthan.
There has been some good work done under MGNREGA. MGNREGA is firmly
here to stay and will help serve a very important purpose of providing a lifeline to
poor and underemployed rural people. But the administration needs to show more
seriousness and professionalism in its attitude towards the scheme

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
BIBILIOGRAPHY

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
TEXT BOOK
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY –C.H KOTHARL-AGE INTERNATIONAL
PUBLICATION
• QUANTITATIVE TECNIQUE –L. R YAMUNA PUBLICATION,

TRIVANDRUM
OTHER BOOKS
• PANCHAYATH RECORDS
•
WEBSIT
• WWW. NREGA. NIC IN
• WWW, WIKIPEDIA .COM
JOURNAL
• NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYEMENT GUARANTEE ACT-A REVIEW
(AN ARTICLE BY HARSH FOR UN MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GDALS
(MDGS)
REFERENCE
• Raja Lakshmi, (2012), study on examine the women empowerment, issues
and challenges and impact on MGNREGA scheme in India
• Kurinjimalar&Prasanna, (2012), study on analyzed the impact
ofMGNREGP on poverty alleviation with special reference to Salem and
VillupuramDistricts of Tamil Nadu.
• Meera&Kaleeswaran, (2012), in this paper attempts to find out
FinancialInclusion Index (FII) through MGNREGS.
• Singh, Negi&Dhanai, (2013), conducted a study in Pauri Garhwal districtof
Uttarakhand.

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
• Devi &Nabakumar, (2013),study on revealed that MGNREGSenhanced the

livelihood quality of the people in the study area.
• Kumar, (2013), study on made an attempt to assess the Performance
andprogress of MGNREGA in the Mysuru District.
• Kartika, (2014),study on made an attempt to study. the major objective was
to Know influences of MGNREGS any women worker
• Pankaj & Sharma (2014) study on indicated a relatively high share
ofMGNREGA income to the total income
• Singh and Nauriyal (2015) assessed the impact of MGNREGA in three
districts of Uttarakhand.
• Deininger and Liu (2015) studied the effect of NREGA directly on
beneficiaries through some major welfare indicators
• Khera (2015) regarding the implementation of MGNREGA stated that the
implementation of the programme in one of the block Patti of Orissa state
was so successful that it went beyond the capability of the locals to claim
their rights.
• Indira Airway (2015) studied the “Employment Guarantee Programme and
Pro-Poor Growth in a village in Gujarat”-
• Imbert, and Papp, (2016) presented evidences on the impacts of NREGA
relatedto labor market equilibrium. They used the steady roll-out of the
programme & make Public works programmers, as studied by Azam (2016),
are designed to build a strong social safety net through redistribution of
wealth and generation of meaningful employment.
• Vaidya and Singh (2017) studied performance of MGNREGA in five
districts of Himachal Pradesh.

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
APPENDIX

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondent,
I am SHAFEEH.KC currently pursuing B.com degree course in MIC ARTS AND

SCIENCE COLLEGE as a part of my curriculum, I am doing a project work under
the title "A STUDY ON THE PROBLEM MAHATHMA GHANDHI
NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME
(MGNREGS) WORKERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PULPATTA
PANCHAYAT" will be very pleased if you could kindly have spare few minutes
for filling up this questionnaire. Whatever information provided by you, will be
kept confidential and used only for the purpose of my study.
1. Name
2. Gender
Male Female Transgender
3. Age
Below 25 between 26-35
Between 36-45 Above 46
4. Marital Status
Married Single
5. Community
SC/ST OBC Other

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
6 Qualifications:
SSLC PLUS TWO
Graduation other
7. From where did you come to know about MGNREGS?
Grama panchayat Media
Poster Neighbors
8. How long you have working MGNREGS?
Below 3 years between 3-5 years

Between 5-8 Above 8
9. “MGNREGS helps you to improve standard of living “please comment to the

statement?
Highly improve improve
neutral impair
highly impair
10. MGNREGS helps to improve food security?
Yes No
11. Are you facing any exploitation in your work environment?
Always often some time
rare never

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
12. Do you think income level of beneficiary has increased under this scheme?
High Average poor
13. Do you have better wage before?
High Average Poor
14. Do you think the implementation of scheme create greater employment?
Strongly agree Neutral Agree
Strongly disagree Disagree
15. Are you satisfied with the equality of participation of workers?
Highly satisfied Satisfied Neutral
Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied
16. Do you think MGNREGS helps to eradication poverty and improve quality of
life?
Strongly agree Agree

Neutral
disagree Strongly disagreed
17. What are the factors that attract NGNREGS on your view?
Income Self-satisfaction
Increase status Other

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
18. At what per cent of your wage amount is using for saving purpose?
Below 5% Between 5%-10%
Between 10%-15 Above 15%
19. Level of satisfaction of MGNREGS program
WORK HS S N DS HDS
FEATURE
Registration
process
Issue of job card
Nature of work
Time duration of
work
Wage structure
(HS: highly satisfied, S: Satisfied, N: neutral, D: dissatisfied, HD: highly

dissatisfied)
20. From the following rank according to the most priority field of expenses?
SL EXPENDITURE RANK
NO
1 EDUCATION
2 HEALTH
3 FOOD
4 CLOTHS
5 ENTERTAINMENT
6 OTHERS

PULPATTA PANCHAYATH
21.rank the various problem faced by the your job
SL.NO PROBLEMS RANK

1 Mismatch of workers with job
2 Climate
3 Job Security
4 Un availability of equipment
5 Bad recognition
22. Other Suggestion

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A STUDY ON THE PROBLEM OF MAHATHMA GANDHI NATIONAL RURAL 2020

EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME WORKERS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO

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The present study on impact of MGNREGS is intended to assess the overall

The scheme is implemented through collaborative partnership right from gram

. The scheme is implicitly strengthened by mandatory and active participation of

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1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

• To Understand Effectiveness of MGNREGA Project for The Eradication

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1.5 SIGINIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

2. The study is restricted within Pulpatta Panchayath only.

3. Respondent are biased so collected information may not be exact or true

4. The attitude of the workers change from time to time

1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1.7.1 SAMPLE DESING

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1.7.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

Study was conducted based on the response of sample respondent. A schedule of

1.7.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

The population of the study is the workers of MGNREGS program on 15 wards of

1.7.4 SAMPLING FRAME

1.7.5 AREA OF STUDY

The study was focused of the workers of MGNREGS in Pulpatta Panchayath of

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1.8 PERIOD OF STUDY

The second chapter consist review of literature

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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The third chapter includes the theoretical background of the study

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

FINDINGS, SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION

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impacts on the economy, existing implementation status, weakness, limitations and

strength of MGNREGS at national as well as regional level. A number of research

studies have been conducted on various aspects of MGNREGS. Some studies

relating to MGNREGS are reviewed below.

The study concludes that economically empowering women on MGNREGA

become a symbol of the empowerment of the rural women and contributed

Substantially for improving their lifestyle and economic conditions.

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Kurinjimalar&Prasanna, (2012), in their study analyzed the impact of

MGNREGP on poverty alleviation with special reference to Salem and Villupuram

facilities like road, water conservation and irrigation facilities.

Meera&Kaleeswaran, (2012), in this paper attempts to find out Financial

to the rural poor. Thus, MGNREGS provides a greater opportunity to government

increase banking habit among rural people of India.

Singh, Negi&Dhanai, (2013), conducted a study in Pauri Garhwal district

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Devi &Nabakumar, (2013), in their study revealed that MGNREGS

that the impact of MGNREGA reflected upon village level infrastructure

development or asset creation is felt by the individual households. No substantial

improvement in the interfamilial relationship in social aspect. Social networking

performance of MGNREGA in Mysore district has brought many positive changes

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to focus upon MGNREGA also resulted in decline in rural unemployment,

Increase in agricultural production and improvement of rural communication.

Know influences of MGNREGS any women worker. The impact of MGNREGA