Biotechnology and its

34
CHAPTER
Applicati
Applic ations
ons
1. Golden rice is a transgenic crop of the future 8. Important objective of biotechnology in
with the following improved trait. agriculture section is
(a) insect resistance (a) to produce pest resistant varieties of plants
(b) high lysine (essential amino acid) content (b) to increase the nitrogen content
(c) high protein content (c) to decrease the seed number
(d) to increase the plant weight
(d) high vitamin-A content 9. Which one of the following is not an antibiotic ?
2. Which oneof the following is commonly used in (a) Streptomycin (b) Citric acid
transfer of foreign DNA into crop plants? (c) Griseofulvin (d) Cephalosporin
(a) Meloidogyne incognita 10. Which of these can preserve food stuffs ?
(b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens (a) Salt and sugar (b) Sugar and vinegar
(c) Penicillium expansum (c) Vinegar (d) All of the above
(d) Trichoderma harzianum 11. Crown gall disease in plants is caused by
3. Transgenic plants are the ones (a) Ti-plasmid (b) Pi-plasmid
(a) generated by introducing foreign DNA into (c) bacteria (d) virus
a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell 12. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) at suitable temperature
converts milk to curd, which improves its
(b) produced after protoplast fusion in artificial nutritional quality by enhancing vitamin
medium (a) A (b) B
(c) grown in artificial medium after hybridization (c) C (d) D
in the field 13. Antibiotics belong to the category of
(d) produced by a somatic embryo in artificial (a) steroids (b) toxins
medium (c) medicines (d) tonics
4. The genetically-modified (GM) brinjal in India 14. Product of biotechnology is
has been developed for (a) transgenic crop (GM crop)
(a) insect-resistance (b) humulin
(c) biofertilizer
(b) enhancing shelf life (d) all of these
(c) enhancing mineral content 15. Flavr Savr is the transgenic variety of
(d) drought-resistance (a) cotton (b) rice
5. Which one of the following techniques made it (c) tomato (d) potato
possible to genetically engineer living organism ? 16. Genetically engineered bacteria have been
(a) Recombinant DNA techniques successfully used in the commercial production of
(b) X-ray diffraction (a) human insulin (b) testosterone
(c) Heavier isotope labelling (c) thyroxine (d) melatonin
(d) Hybridization 17. Maximum application of animal cell culture
6. Transgenic animal has technology today is in the production of
(a) edible proteins (b) insulin
(a) foreign DNA in all of its cells (c) interferons (d) vaccines
(b) foreign RNA in all of its cells 18. ELISA is used to detect viruses where the key
(c) foreign DNA in some of the cells reagent is
(d) both (b) and (c) (a) RNase
7. First transgenic plant (b) alkaline phosphatase
(a) potato (b) tomato (c) catalase
(c) tobacco (d) maize (d) DNA probe
286
19. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been
used for designing novel
(a) biofertilizers
(b) bio-metallurgical techniques
(c) bio-mineralization processes
(d) bioinsecticidal plants
20. A trangenic food crop which may help in solving
the problem of night blindness in developing
countries is
(a) flavr savr tomatoes (b) starlink maize
(c) Bt soybean (d) golden rice
21. Main objective of production/use of herbicide
resistant GM crops is to
(a) eliminate weeds from the field without the
use of manual labour
(b) eliminate weeds from the field without the
use of herbicides
(c) encourage eco-friendly herbicides
(d) reduce herbicide accumulation in food
articles for health safety
22. What is true about Bt toxin?
(a) Bt protein exists as active toxin in the
Bacillus
(b) The activated toxin enters the ovaries of
the pest to sterilise it and thus prevent its
multiplication.
(c) The concerned Bacillus has antitoxins.
(d) The inactive protoxin gets converted into
active form in the insect gut
23. Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton are
(a) long fibre and resistance to aphids
(b) medium yield, long fibre and resistance to
beetle pests
(c) high yield and production of toxic protein
crystals which kill dipteran pests
(d) high yield and resistance to bollworms
24. Consider the following statements (A-D) about
organic farming.
(A) Utilizes genetically modified crops like Bt
cotton
(B) Uses only naturally produced inputs like
compost
(C) Does not use pesticides and urea
(D) Produces vegetables rich in vitamins and
minerals
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) (B), (C) and (D) (b) (C) and (D) only
(c) (B) and (C) only (d) (A) and (B) only
25. The new strain of bacteria produced by
biotechnology in alcohol industry is
(a) Escherichia coli
(b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(c) Bacillus subtilis
(d) Pseudomonas putida
Question Bank-BIOLOGY
26. The name of drug used in cancer treatment
produced by biotechnology is
(a) interferon
(b) human growth hormone (HGH)
(c) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
(d) insulin
27. The prerequisites for biotechnological production
of antibiotics is
(a) to search an antibiotic producing micro-
organism
(b) to isolate the antibiotic gene
(c) to join antibiotic gene with E.coli plasmid
(d) all of the above
28. Recombinant DNA technology prepared vaccine
is called
(a) first generation vaccine
(b) second generation vaccine
(c) third generation vaccine
(d) synthesized vaccine
29. Cry protein is obtained from
(a) Bacillus thuringiensis
(b) Bacillus subtilis
(c) Clostridium welchii
(d) E. coli
30. Which of following is not related with
bioweapons?
(a) Bacillus anthracis
(b) Clostridium botulinum
(c) E. coli
(d) Yersinia pestis
31. Use of transgenic plants as biological factories
for the production of special chemicals is called
(a) molecular farming (b) molecular genetics
(c) molecular mapping (d) dry farming
32. In tissue culture medium the embryoids formed
from pollen grain is due to
(a) cellular totipotency(b) organogenesis
(c) double fertilization (d) test-tube culture
33. Maximum utilization of the techniques of
biotechnology has been made in the field of
(a) agriculture (b) medicines
(c) industries (d) biogas production
34. An example of gene therapy is
(a) production of injectable hepatitis B vaccine
(b) production of vaccines in food crops like
potatoes which can be eaten
(c) introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase
in persons suffering from severe combined
immuno deficiency
(d) production of test tube babies by artificial
insemination and implantation of fertilized
egg
Biotechnology and its Applications 287
35. Find the incorrect statement 44. The fruit juices turn bitter in taste if they are kept
(a) Gene therapy is a genetic engineering in open place for sometime, because of
technique used totreat diseases at molecular level (a) bacteria ofthe atmosphere react with the juice
by replacing defective genes with normal (b) fermentation of the juice by yeast
genes (c) some internal factors
(b) Calcitonin is a medically useful recombinant (d) all the above three statements are correct
product in the treatment ofinfertility 45. Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control
(c) Bt toxin is a biodegradable insecticide (a) bacterial pathogens
obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis (b) fungal pathogens
(d) Trichoderma species is a biocontrol agent (c) nematodes
for fungal diseases of plants (d) insect and pests
36. Which of the following is false for Bt transgenic 46. Which one of the following is now being commer-
plant ? cially produced by biotechnological procedures ?
(a) Disease resistance (a) Nicotine (b) Morphine
(b) Prepared by Bacillus thuringiensis (c) Quinine (d) Insulin
(c) It is recombinant type 47. Breeding for disease resistance requires
(d) No such plant is known (a) a good source of resistance
37. In plant biotechnology, root tumours are induced (b) planned hybridisation
in plant using the bacterium (c) disease test
(a) Agrobacterium rhizogenes (d) All of the above
(b) Agrobacterium basilis 48. The abbreviation ‘Bt’ in ‘Bt’ toxin stands for
(c) Rhizobium (a) biotechnology
(d) None of these (b) biotoxin
38. Curding of milk takes place by (c) toxin released by Bacillus thuringiensis
(a) Streptococcus lactis (d) toxins released by bacteria
(b) Streptococcus thermophilus 49. Recombinant DNA technology can be used to
(c) Lactobacillus lactis produce quantities of biologically active form of
(d) All of the above which one of the following products in E. coli ?
39. Highest number of antibiotics are produced by (a) Luteinizing hormone (b) Ecdysome
(a) Bacillus (b) Pencillium (c) Rifamycin (d) Interferon
(c) Streptomyces (d) Cephalosporium 50. In industries microorganisms are used for the
40. Conversion of sugar into alcohol during manufacture of
fermentation is due to the direct action of (a) gluconic acid (b) malic acid
(a) temperature (c) glycerol (d) castor oil
(b) micro-organisms 51. Pasteurised milk is
(c) concentration of sugar solution (a) sterile and will not turn sour
(d) zymase (b) free from pathogenic bacteria
41. Biopiracy is related to (c) not free from bacteria
(a) bioresearches (d) both (a) and (b)
(b) traditional knowledge 52. Yeast is a
(c) biomolecules and genes discovered (a) prokaryote (b) eukaryote
(d) all of these (c) heterokaryote (d) None of these
42. Interferons are 53. Enzymes can be immobilised by
(a) antiviral proteins (a) cross-linking enzyme molecules
(b) complex proteins (b) covalently attaching to a solid support
(c) anti-bacterial proteins (c) entrapping them in gel
(d) anti-cancer proteins (d) All of the above
43. Which one of the following is not correctly 54. Streptococcus is employed in the manufacturing of
matched ? (a) wine (b) bread
(a) Spirulina - Single cell protein (c) cheese (d) All of these
(b) Rhizobium - Biofertilizer 55. Which of the molecules listed below is a product
(c) Streptomyces - Antibiotic of fermentation of glucose by yeast ?
(d) Serratia - Drug addiction (a) (C H O )n (b) C2H5OH
(c) C66H1210O65 (d) CH3OH
288 Question Bank-BIOLOGY
56. C-peptide of human insulin is (iii) Let retrovirus infect bone marrow cells that
(a) a part of mature insulin molecule. have removed from patient and cultured.
(b) responsible for formation of disulphide (iv) Insert RNA version of normal allele into
bridges. retrovirus.
(c) removed during maturation of pro-insulin The correct sequence is –
to insulin. (a) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (iv), (iii), (ii) and (i)
(d) responsible for its biological activity. (c) (i), (ii), (iv) and (iii) (d)(iv), (iii), (i) and (ii)
57. Which of the following is a correct statement? 61. Match the following and choose the correct
(a) “Bt” in Bt-cotton indicates that it is option.
genetically modified organism produced Column - I Column - II
through biotechnology. A. Golden Rice I. Cry protein
(b) Somatic hybridization involves fusion oftwo B. Bt toxin II. Rich in vitamin A
complete plant cells carrying desired genes. C. RNAi III. First trangenic
(c) The anticoagulant hirudin is being cow
produced from transgenic Brassica napus D. Rosie IV. Genesilencing
seeds. (a) A– II; B – I; C – IV; D – III
(d) “Flavr Savr” varietyof tomato has enriched (b) A – II; B – I; C – III; D – IV
the production of ethylene which improves (c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
its taste. (d) A– IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
62. Match the following and identify the correct
58. Select the correct statement. option.
(a) Genetic engineering works only on animals Column - I Column - II
and has not yet been successfully used on A. Forensic science I. AIDS
plants. B. ELISA II. Radioactive DNA/
(b) There are no risks associated with DNA RNA
technology. C. Probe III. Emphysema
(c) The first step in PCR is heat which is used D. a-1-antitrypsin IV. DNA
to separate both the strands of target DNA. fingerprinting
(d) DNA from one organism will not bond to (a) A– II; B – I; C – IV; D – III
DNA from another animal. (b) A – II; B – I; C – III; D – IV
59. Read the following statements and choose the (c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
correct option. (d) A– IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
(i) Gene therapy has been tested on large 63. Which of the following is correct sequence for
number of patients with a wider variety of gene therapy ?
inherited genetic disorders, and in I. Inject engineered cells into patients bone
numerous cases it has produced a complete marrow.
cure. II. Viral DNA carrying the normal allele inserts
(ii) Genetic engineering has been used to mass into chromosome.
produce insulin for curing the diabetes. III. Let retrovirus infect bone marrow cells that
(iii) DNA hybridization is the base pairing of have removed from patient and cultured.
DNA from two different sources. IV. Insert RNA version of normal allele into
(iv) Genetic engineering is a technique of plant retrovirus.
breeding. (a) I, II, III, IV (b) IV, III, II, I
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and(iii) (c) I, II, IV, III (d) IV, III, I, II
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) (d) All of these 64. Which technique would to be completely
60. Following are the steps in one type of gene curative in SCID ?
therapy. (a) Gene therapy in adult stage.
(i) Inject engineered cells into patients bone (b) Gene therapy in embryonic stage.
marrow. (c) Bone marrow transplantation.
(ii) Viral DNA carring the normal allele inserts (d) Enzyme replacement therapy.
into chromosome.
Biotechnology and its Applications 289
ANSWER KEY
1 (d) 9 (b) 17 (d) 25 (d) 33 (b) 41 (d) 49 (d) 57 (c)
2 (b) 10 (d) 18 (b) 26 (a) 34 (c) 42 (a) 50 (a) 58 (c)
3 (a) 11 (a) 19 (d) 27 (d) 35 (b) 43 (d) 51 (d) 59 (b)
4 (a) 12 (b) 20 (d) 28 (b) 36 (d) 44 (b) 52 (b) 60 (b)
5 (a) 13 (c) 21 (d) 29 (a) 37 (a) 45 (d) 53 (d) 61 (a)
6 (a) 14 (d) 22 (d) 30 (c) 38 (d) 46 (d) 54 (c) 62 (d)
7 (c) 15 (c) 23 (d) 31 (a) 39 (a) 47 (d) 55 (b) 63 (b)
8 (a) 16 (a) 24 (c) 32 (a) 40 (d) 48 (c) 56 (c) 64 (b)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

1. (d) Golden rice is a transgenic crop of the future
with high Vit. A content. Millions of people suffer
from Vit. A deficiency which leads to vision
impairment. Transgenic rice has been developed
which is capable of synthesizing beta-carotene,
the precursor of Vitamin A. The rice variety is
now being crossed into adapted varieties with
field tests possible in an year or two.
2. (b) Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the causal
agent of crown gall disease (the formation of
tumours) in over 140 species of dicots. This
disease caused by a DNA plasmid (Ti plasmid)
carried by bacterium and transferred to the plant
cells. T i plasmid has widely used in plant
engineering as a vector in order to inject gene in
host plant to form transgenic plant.
3. (a) Transgenic plants are the ones generated by
introducing foreign DNA into a cell and
regenerating a plant from that cell.
4. (a) The genetically modified brinjal in India has
been developed for insect resistance. Bt brinjal is
a transgenic brinjal that is developed by inserting
a crystal gene from the Bacillus thuringiensis
into the brinjal’s genome. Thisprocess of insertion
is accomplished using Agrobacterium mediated
recombination.
5. (a) Recombinant DNA technology is the
process joining together two DNA molecules
from two different species that are inserted into a
host organism to produce new genetic
combination.
11. (a) Crown gall disease in plants is caused by
Ti-plasmid.
16. (a) Human insulin has 53 amino acids in two
polypeptides (A and B) connected by two S -S
(disulphide) linkages. In 1983, American company
Eli Lilly prepared two DNA sequences
corresponding to A and B insulin chains. When
introduced in plasmids of E.coli, insulin chains
were formed. They were extracted and fused to
produce humulin (human insulin).
18. (b) ELISA test is a technique which can detect
any amount of an antibody or antigen with the
help of an enzyme. The commonly used enzymes
are alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase.
19. (d) Bt cotton, a transgenic crop variety has been
introduced in India. The Bt cotton variety contains
a foreign gene obtained from Bacillus
thuringiensis. This bacterial gene protects cotton
from the ball worm, a major pest of cotton.
20. (d) Golden rice is a transgenic food crop which
may help in solving the problem of night
blindness in developing countries. Golden rice
or miracle rice is rich in vitamin A or b-carotene
and iron and decaffeinated coffee are alsovaluable
achievements of gene transfer technology.
21. (d) Main objective of production/use of herbicide
resistant GM crops is to reduce herbicide
accumulation in food articles for health safety.
GM plants have been useful in many ways.
Genetic modifications has made crops more
tolerant to abiotic stresses, reduced reliance on
chemical pesticides, enhanced nutritional value
of food.
290
22. (d) About Bt toxin, it is true, that the inactive 56. (c) Insulin is made up of 51amino acids arranged
protoxin gets converted into active form in the
insect gut. There are several advantages in
expressing Bt toxins in transgenic Bt crops. The
level of toxin expression can be very high, thus
delivering sufficient dosage to the pest. The toxin
expression is contained within the plant system
and hence only those insects that feed on the
crop perish. The toxin expression can be
modulated by using tissue-specific promoters and
replaces the use of synthetic pesticides in the
environment.
23. (d) Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus
thuringiensis and incorporated into cotton plant
to form a genetically modified crop called Bt
cotton. Bt cotton has high yield and resistance
to bollworms.
24. (c) Organicfarming is the form of agriculture that 64. (b) Gene therapy is the technique of genetic
relies on the techniques like crop rotation, green
manure, compost and biological pest control.
28. (b) Recombinant DNA technology prepared
vaccine is called second generation vaccine.
33. (b) Maximum utilization of the techniques of
biotechnology has been made in the field of
medicines.
42. (a) Interferons are active proteins (antiviral
proteins) that are effective against most viruses.
50. (a) In industries microorganisms are used for the
manufacture of gluconic acid.
53. (d) By cross-linking enzyme molecules or by
covalently attaching them to a solid support or
by entrapping them in gel, metabolic activities of
enzymes are stopped.
55. (b)
Yeast
C12 H22O11 +H2O ¾¾¾¾® Invertase C6(Glucose)
H12O6 +C6 H12O6
(Fructose)
Yeast
C6 H12 O6 ¾¾¾¾
Zymase® 2C2 H5OH + 2CO2
(Ethyl alcohol)
Question Bank-BIOLOGY
in two polypeptide chains, A having 21 amino
acids and B with 30 amino acids that are linked
together by disulphide bridges. In mammals,
including humans, insulin is synthesised as a pro-
hormone(like a pro-enzyme, the pro-hormonealso
needs to be processed before it becomes a fully
mature and functional hormone) which contains
an extra stretch called the C peptide. This C
peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is
removed during maturation into insulin. The main
challenge for production of insulin using rDNA
techniques was getting insulin assembled into a
mature form.
engineering to replace a faulty gene by a normal
healthy functional gene. Gene therapy is being
tried for sickle cell anaemia and severe combined
immuno-deficiency (SCID).
As a first step towards gene therapy, lymphocytes
are extracted from thebone marrow of the patient
and are grown in a culture outside the body. A
functional ADA cDNA (using a retroviral vector)
is then introduce into these lymphocytes, which
are reinjected to the patient’s bone marrow. But
as these cells do not always remain alive, the
patient requires periodic infusion of such
genetically engineered lymphocytes. However, if
the isolated gene from bone marrow cells
producing ADA is introduced into cells at early
embryonic stages, it can be a permanent cure.