Corrosion Control Guide Cssc-Pse-87-001

custorne CSSD—PSE—8 7-001
SUDD0F
service
division
CORROSION CONTROL GUIDE

FOR
IDENTIFICATION & CONTROL OF CORROSION
IN BELL HELICOPTERS
PRODUCT
SUPPORT
ENGINEERING
-s-
THIS GUIDE SUPERCEDES

CORROSION CONTROL MANUAL
BHT-PUB-7 7-001
Bell Helicopter I I X•I1

A Subsidiary of Textronfnc
CSSD-PSE-8 7-001

FOR
IDENTIFICATION & CONTROL OF CORROSION
IN BELL HELICOPTERS
WA '7
PREPARED BY
PREPARED
APPROVED BY
B crALfl
DATE
DATE
DATE
/
/9
9
j9 ag 7
1?
APPROVED BY
I - DATE /9 . 7
APPROVED BY DATE
2
See. 7
6 August 1987
CSSD—PSE—87—0 01
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
Original. . . .0 6 August 1987
Page Revision Page Revision

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A
BellHeilcopterkI*Iit.T1
FOREWORD
Guide CSSD PSE-87-OO1 is published to facilitate corrosion control

in Bell helicopters.
Bell Helicopter Textron strongly recommends the instructions set

forth in this Guide, as supplemented or modified by other manufac-
turer or regulatory agency publications, be strictly followed to
obtain maximum life and utilization of Bell helicopters.
This Guide supercedes Corrosion Control Manual BHT-PUB-77-00l.
Copies of Guide CSSD-PSE-87-00l may be obtained from:

Bell Helicopter Textron Inc.
Customer Support and Service Division
Commercial Publication Distribution
P. 0. Box 482
Fort Worth, TX 76101
Comments concerning the report should be directed to:
Bell Helicopter Textron Inc.

Customer Support and Service Division
Product Support Engineering
P. 0. Box 482
Fort Worth, TX 76101
This Guide is FAA DER approved.
FOREWORD
i/u
INTRODUCTION
LIST OF CHAPTERS
Title Chapter
INTRODUCTION .......................................... ... 1-00-00
GENERAL INFORMATION .................................. ... 5-00-00
SURFACE CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTIVE FINISHES 10-00-00

CORROSION DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION ................ 15-00-00
CORROSION REMOVAL .................................... 20-00-00
REFINISHING OF METAL SURFACES ........................ 25-00-00

INSPECTION GUIDES .................................... 30-00-00
CONSUMABLE MATERIALS .................................. CONSUMABLE
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS NOTICE
THIS DATA IS PROPRIETARY TO BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON. DISCLOSURE,

REPRODUCTION, OR USE OF THIS DATA FOR ANY PURPOSE OTHER THAN AS A
GUIDE FOR HELICOPTER MAINTENANCE IS FORBIDDEN WITHOUT WRITTEN
AUTHORIZATION FROM BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON.
1-00-00
1-1/1-2
INTRODUCTION
1-1 . INTRODUCTION
This Corrosion Control Guide is issued to the owners of Bell

helicopters to aid them in developing their own Corrosion Control
Plan for the safe maintenance of their helicopters.
When the helicopter leaves the factory it is protected with paint,
sealants, preservative compounds, metallic plating, and other
finishes. All such protective systems are necessarily subject
to some damage and deterioration with use--and the rate of deteri-
oration will vary with every operation. For instance, helicopters
that are not hangared and those used for crop-dusting and offshore
oil rig work are particularly susceptible to corrosion, and con—
stant vigilance and maintenance is required. It is therefore con—
sidered mandatory that each operator develop his own maintenance
plan in keeping with the mission and environment to which each
helicopter is subjected. Any questions you may have may be for-
warded directly to:
Bell Helicopter Textron

Product Support Engineering Dept.
P. 0. Box 482
Fort Worth, Texas 76101
The Corrosion Control Plan which you develop for your specific
helicopter should be used in conjunction with the applicable
helicopter manual, Alert Service Bulletins, etc. to ensure com-
pliance with recommended procedures.
1-2. USE OF GUIDE

1.Consult the List of Chapters in the front of this Guide
and determine the chapter in which the required data is most
likely to appear.
2.Use the tab guides, turn to the desired chapter, and
check the chapter's Table of Contents.
3.The Table of Contents lists the name and page number

which contains the desired information.
1—00—00
1—3/1—4
GENERAL INFORMATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph Chapter/Section Page

Number Title Number Number
5-1 General ................... 5-00-00 5-3

5-2 Corrosion control program . 5-00-00 5-3
5-3 Types of corrosion ........ 5-00-00 5-4
5-11 Corrosion and mechanical
factors ................. 5-00-00 5-10
5-12 Corrosion and composites .. 5-00-00 5-10
5-13 Microbial induced corrosion 5-00-00 5-11
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
Number Title Effectivity Number
5-1 Pitting attack on aluminum . All 5-5

5-2 Typical galvanic cell ..... All 5-5
5-3 Types of concentration cells All 5-6
5-4 Typical intergranular corro-
sion site ............... All 5-7
5-5 Filiform corrosion on clad
aluminum skin ........... All 5-8
5-6 Exfoliation corrosion ..... All 5-9
5-00-00
5-1/5-2
GENERAL INFORMATION
5-1 . GENERAL
Corrosion is a natural phenomenon which destroys unprotected

metals by chemical or electrochemical action. Therefore, the
control of corrosion is of primary importance in maintaining
the structural integrity of metal parts. The purpose of this
Guide is to provide instructions for the prevention, recognition,
and treatment of corrosion and corrosion related problems. Proper
corrosion control will eliminate or reduce the need for extensive
repair or replacement of components.
5-2 . CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM
A reliable corrosion control program must take into consideration

factors such as geographical location and specific operational
environments, i.e. marine atmospheres, industrial air pollution,
agricultural sprays, corrosive soils, abrasive dust, and extreme
temperatures. The problem of corrosion is complex and subtle
changes in the environment can drastically change the corrosion
resistance of a metal and/or breakdown resistance of the protec—
tive finish system. Therefore, corrosion control must be handled
on a day-to-day basis. A specific program must be established
which will assure that all areas of the helicopter are checked
on a periodic schedule. In addition, particular emphasis Should
be placed on those areas which are known to receive more frequent
damage to protective coatings.
An effective corrosion control program must include:
1. Frequent and proper cleaning.
2. Application and timely reapplication of corrosion pre-
ventive compounds (CPC) and water displacing agents.
3. Early detection and repair of damaged protective coatings.

4. Neutralization of active corrosion, repair of corrosion
damage, and reapplication of protective finishes.
5. Replacement of components which are damaged beyond allow-
able limits.
6. Feedback of information for corrective action.
5—00—00
5—3
GENERAL INFORMATION (continued)
5-3. TYPES OF CORROSION
There are many different types of corrosive attack and these

will vary with the metal concerned, corrosive media, location,
and time of exposure. Uniform corrosion generally occurs on
unprotected areas and is most often the result of direct chemi-
cal attack. It is seldom found on Bell helicopters unless large
areas of the protective finish have been removed or severely
damaged. Localized corrosion is isolated to well defined areas
and it is normally electrochemical in nature. Selective attack
is a form of localized corrosion which occurs in a specific phase
or constituent of analloy. This form of attack usually starts
as a pit and progresses along susceptible areas such as grain
boundaries. In many cases, the type of attack will indicate a
possible cause and the degree of damage to be expected. Brief
descriptions of several types of corrosion are included in this
Guide. It is necessary that operator personnel become familiar
with these and other types of attack. This will allow maintenance
personnel to identify and classify the corrosion problems more
easily and to initiate the proper corrective action.
5-4. PITTING
Pits are usually located in a random pattern over a localized

area. The pits may penetrate deeply into structural members and
cause damage completely out of proportion to the apparent size
of the pit. Pitting can be caused by direct chemical attack on
surfaces where the protective finish has been removed or pene-
trated or it may propagate by the action of galvanic cells or
concentration cells. Pitting may be found on surfaces of alumi-
num, magnesium, steel, or stainless steel. Refer to figure
figure 5-1
5—1.
5-5. GALVANIC CELLS

Galvanic cells are usually caused by dissimilar metals. But it
is also possible for a galvanic cell to originate from localized
differences on the surface of one piece of metal. The areas
around fastener heads are prime locations for galvanic corrosion.
Lap joints and other faying surfaces where different metals are
jointed are also problem areas. All metals are susceptible to
galvanic corrosion.
5—00—00
5—4
L206013—5
Figure 5-1. Pitting attack on aluminum
CORROSION
PRODUCTS
ALLOY
L206013—2
Figure 5-2. Typical galvanic cell

5—00—00
5—5
5-6. CONCENTRATION CELLS
When an electrolyte such as water is allowed to stagnate in con—

tact with a metal surface, it can form either an oxygen or metal
ion concentration cell. In some cases, both types will develop
simultaneously. These cells can also form under foreign material
and debris on a surface. Concentration cells can be especially
damaging because the sites are hidden. There are two types of
figure
concentration corrosion: crevice and deposit. Refer to figure
5-3
5—3.
1. Crevice corrosion.
a. This type of corrosion is aptly named because it
usually starts between two pieces of material that are in contact.
It may occur between similar metals, dissimilar metals, or between
a metal and a nonmetal. The crevice allows the electrolyte to
accumulate and stagnate, thus creating a concentration cell.
2. Deposit corrosion.
a. Deposits of foreign material on a surface can create
a "crevice" which will hold electrolyte and form a concentration
cell. Corrosion products which are allowed to remain on a surface
may also create a concentration cell which will accelerate the
rate of attack.
LOW METALION CONCENTRATION uGH OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
1= HIGH METALION CONCENTRATION
METALION CONCENTRATION CELL

RIVETED LAP JOINT
-LOW OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
OXYGEN CONCENTRATION CELL
)REIGN MATERIALCREATES
LOW OXYGEN REGION WHICH
PREVENTSTHE RE-FORMATION
OF PASSIVE FILM
ACTIVE— PASSIVE CELL

L206013—3
Figure 5.3. Types of concentration cells

5—00—00
5—6
5-7. SELECTIVE ATTACK
This form of attack usually starts at a point and progresses along

susceptible areas such as grain boundaries or boundaries between
phases.
5-8. INTERGRANULAR ATTACK
This is the primary form of selective attack. Intergranular cor-

rosion is an insidious form of attack in that the degree of dama-ge
is usually much greater than surface appearance indicates. Refer
to figure
figure 5-4
5-4.
ELECTROLYTE ENTERS •PAINT FILM

THROUGH CRACKS IN
PAINT FILM
(CATHODE)
INTERG RANULAR
CORROSION STEEL 7075-T6
FASTENER ALUMINUM
L206013—1
Figure 5-4. Typical intergranular corrosion site
5—00—00
5—7
5-9. FILIFORM ATTACK
This type of attack usually shows up as "worm-like" corrosion

under paint films. Rivet heads and edges of sheet metal parts
are good starting points for this type of attack. It appears
on the underside of the helicopter more often than at other
locations.
5-10. EXFOLIATION
figure 5-6
Exfoliation (figure 5-6) is a severely destructive form of inter-
granular attack. It is characterized by a leafing-out of the
corroded metal. Some materials, i.e. forgings and extrusions,
have highly elongated grain structures and are more prone to
exfoliation type of attack. The corrosive attack along the
grain boundaries produces products which take up more room than
the original material and, therefore, cause the part to swell.
After some time the leafing of the various layers becomes evident.
When this is detected, the extent of intergranular corrosion has
usually reduced the effective strength of the part concerned.
5-5. Filiform corrosion on clad

Figure
5—00—00 aluminum skin
5—8
206013-1
Figure 5-6. Exfoliation Corrosion
5—00—00
5—9
5—11 . CORROSION AND MEChANICAL FACTORS
Corrosion is often aggravated by mechanical factors. Examples

of this type of problem are stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion
fatigue, and fretting. Parts which are subjected to sustained
stress and a corrosive environment may develop stress corrosion.
In a like manner, those parts which are subjected to cyclic load-
ing in a corrosive environment may develop corrosion fatigue.
Fretting is a special case; it is characterized as surface damage
resulting from slight relative motion between surfaces in intimate
contact in a corrosive environment.
5-12 . CORROSION AND COMPOS ITES

Fiber-reinforced plastics (i.e. fiberglass/epoxy, Kevlar/epoxy,
graphite/epoxy, etc.) are generally referred to as composites.
On newer helicopters, both airframe and dynamic components may
be made from composites. While composite materials do not them-
selves corrode, they may accelerate corrosion on adjacent metal
structure and/or attaching hardware. For instance, graphite corn—
posites are made from carbon fibers which are electrically con—
ductive. Also, carbon is one of the most noble materials——in
the same category as gold and platinum (least likely to corrode).
Therefore, these fibers can cause galvanic corrosion on most of
the metals used in helicopter components. As a consequence,
special precautions must be exercised when metal parts are at—
tached to graphite composite parts.
Although the graphite fibers are conductive, the resin (epoxy)

is not, and the fiberglass and Kevlar fibers are not. Therefore,
special means must be used for electrical bonding, grounding,
and lightning protection. This is often accomplished by using
metallic (conductive) paints or flame-sprayed metals on the sur-
face or by a metal screen bonded between layers of composites.
These materials must be replaced when repairs are necessary. In
addition, many composite parts may have metal sandwiched between
layers of composite to provide stiffness and strength at edges,
holes, and attaching points. These metals, if exposed, may cor-
rode and cause delamination.
5—00—00
5—10
GENERAL INFORMATION (concluded)
5-13 . MICROBIAL INDUCED CORROSION
Helicopters operating in high temperature/high humidity areas

are extremely susceptible to microbial attack. This includes
attack from bacteria, fungi, and molds. The organisms which
cause the most corrosion problems are bacteria and fungi.
Bacteria, living adjacent to metals, can cause corrosion by
depleting the oxygen supply or by releasing corrosive products.
Fungi can be very damaging to organic materials and can create
a corrosion problem by retaining moisture on a metal surface
and by clogging drainage holes.
Although the paint type coatings used on Bell helicopters are

resistant to fungi, small amounts of dust, debris, and oils or
lubricants are sufficient to promote fungal growth in closed
compartments and paint damage could result.
Fungi can create corrosion problems in three ways:

1. They are damp and hold moisture.
2.They are living organisms and must have food. This
is often the material on which they are growing (protective coat-
ings).
3. They can secrete corrosive fluids.
Some micro-organisms remain in spore form for long periods while
dry, but will become active when moisture is available. There-
fore, when a helicopter is transferred from a hot/wet area to a
dry or cold area, the fungi present may become dormant and appear
to die. However, if the helicopter is then returned to a hot/wet
climate, the fungi will again become active. Therefore, if fungus
is present on any helicopter, it should be treated to reduce the
possibility of damage.
5—00—00
5—11/5—12
SURFACE CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTIVE FINISHES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

10-1 General ................... 10-00-00 10-3
10-2 Frequency of cleaning ..... 10-00-00 10-3
10-4 Classification of soils ... 10-00-00 10-3
10-5 Cleaning materials ........ 10-00-00 10-4
10-9 Drying .................... 10-00-00 10-5
10-10 Cleaning procedure - general 10-00-00 10-6
10-11 Cleaning procedure -
specific areas .......... 10-00-00 10-7
10-12 Inspection of protective
finish .................. 10-00-00 10-9
10-13 Waxing - exterior surfaces. 10-00-00 10-9
10-14 Maintenance of protective
finishes ................ 10-00-00 10-9
10-00-00
10-1/10-2
SURFACE CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTIVE FINISHES
10-1. GENERAL
Cleanliness is of primary importance in the prevention of corro-

sion. Contaminating material such as chemicals, soils, salt
deposits, debris, grease, fluids, etc., in contact with a painted
or metal surface provide active areas for deterioration and cor—
rosive attack. The extent of the damage depends on the nature of
the contaminant, the surface concerned, and the time they remain
in contact. Therefore, the more frequently a surface is cleaned,
the less likelihood that corrosive attack will be started.
10-2 . FREQUENCY OF CLEANING
The frequency of cleaning should be consistent with the nature of

the contamination present and the operational environment. In
general, those helicopters which operate near or over salt water
(sea coast areas) require more frequent cleaning than those
operated over inland areas. However, heavy industrial air pollu—
tion in some areas may be as damaging as salt water. When chemical
agents such as insecticides, herbicides, fertilizers, fire fighting
materials, etc., are transported, a rigid schedule of cleaning and
decontamination must be established to assure prompt and effective
removal of the contaminants. The following frequencies are sug—
gested as the minimum for the operating conditions indicated.
1. Normal cleaning. Helicopter not exposed to salt, in—
dustrial atmospheres, or chemical agents.
a. Clean exterior surfaces thoroughly at least twice
monthly.
b. Clean cabin interior and other interior areas at
least monthly.
c. Areas which are subject to accumulation of soils
may require more frequent cleaning.
2. Special cleaning. Helicopters operated at low levels
over salt water or in heavy industrial atmospheres.
a. Clean exterior surfaces thoroughly at least daily.
b. Clean cabin interior and other interior areas at

least weekly.
3. Immediate cleaning. Helicopters exposed to salt water

spray, fire fighting chemicals, insecticides, herbicides, indus-
trial chemicals or other direct contact with chemical agents.
10—00—00
10-3
SURFACE CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTIVE FINISHES (continued)
Wash, clean and/or decontaminate as soon as possible after ex—

posure. When direct contact with chemical agents has occurred,
(spillage, etc.) partial disassembly may be necessary to assure
that entrapped materials are removed.
10-3. CHANGING OF CLEANING FREQUENCY
An established cleaning frequency should be increased when opera-

tional conditions become more severe or when it is noted that ex—
cessive soil or salt deposits are accumulating between cleanings.
In a like manner, cleaning frequencies may be reduced when the
operating conditions become less severe. However, deterioration
of protective finishes and consequent corrosion which was started
but not detected during exposure to hostile environments may not
be arrested by a change in operation. It is recommended that a
rigid cleaning and inspection schedule be maintained until it has
been determined that no damage is occurring. Protective coatings
are degraded and worn away with time. Increase frequency of in—
spections as protective finishes deteriorate.
10-4. CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS

1. Oily. (Lubricating oils, hydraulic fluids, and certain
chemical agents.)
2. Semi-Solid. (Heavy oils, grease, and preservative
compounds.)
3. Solids. (Dirt, mud, corrosion products, salt, carbon-
ized oil, and exhaust soot.)
10-5. CLEANING MATERIALS
Rinsing the exterior of the helicopter with clean water is an

effective means for removing light contamination and salt residue.
However, thorough cleaning with solvents and detergents is neces-
sary for removal of accumulated soils, salt deposits, and heavy
contamination. Internal engine washings should be scheduled prior
to general cleaning of th helicopter. The compounds used for
engine cleaning may cause streaks and spots on the painted sur-
faces if not removed by washing.
10—00—00
10—4
10-6. SOLVENTS
Oily soils and semi-solid soils should be removed with solvents.

table C-1
Materials such as Stoddard Solvent (table C-l, item H-3
H-3), Aliphatic
item H-2
Naphtha (item H-2), or Safety Solvent (item H-5
item H-5), should be used.
These solvents will not harm the organic finish system on the heli-
copter. However, item
item H-5 should not be used on rubber gasketsE
seals, elastômeric bearings or other elastomeric materials.
10-7. CLEANING COMPOUND
Solid soils and light oily soils which remain after solvent clean-
ing should be removed with water and cleaning compound. Compounds
listed in table
table C-1
C-l, items
items D-1
D-l and D-2
D-2 are suitable. The cleaning
compounds may be applied by hand or low pressure (10 to 15 psi)
spray.
CAUTION: THE USE OF STEAM CLEANING OR HIGH PRESSURE SPRAYS IS

NOT RECOMMENDED.
The cleaning compounds should not leave a residue on painted or
unpainted surfaces. The materials specified are non—etch alkaline
waterbased cleaners. Concentrations should be adjusted to provide
optimum cleaning without leaving a residue on the cleaned surface.
CAUTION: SOME OF THE READILY AVAILABLE HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS AND
AUTOMOTIVE CLEANERS CAN CAUSE CORROSION AND/OR LEAVE
A RESIDUE THAT CAN RESULT IN CORROSION. THEREFORE,
ALL MATERIALS SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY TESTED PRIOR TO
USE.
10-8 WATER
The type of water used for washing and rinsing the helicopter is
critical. Much of the world's water contains chlorides, sulfates,
and other salts. If these salts are allowed to accumulate between
faying surfaces, in joints, seams, or other entrapment areas, cor-
rosive attack can result. Therefore, precautions must be taken to
prevent entrapment. In those areas where it is known that the
water contains excessive amounts of dissolved salts/, it is recom-
mended that deionized or demineralized water be used for final rinsing.
10-9. DRYING
Cleaning solutions and rinse water should not be allowed to accumu-

late and evaporate on either a painted surface or a metal surface.
10—00—00
10—5
Excess water should be removed with clean cloths, sponges, etc.,

or by blowing with low pressure air. Water entrapped in faying
surfaces, seams or joints should be removed by blowing with low
pressure air (10 to 15 psi). The use of a water displacing agent
is useful in seams and joints that cannot be completely dried.
NOTE: It is recommended that all compressed air be filtered to

render it free from oil and moisture before use.
10-10 . CLEANING PROCEDURE- GENERAL
1. Preparing helicopter for cleaning.

a. Cover static vents, pitot tubes, air ducts, heater
ducts, etc., to prevent entrance of cleaning solution.
b. Make sure all drain holes are open.
c. Mask as necessary.
2. Cleaning.
a. Wipe off spilled oil, grease, hydraulic fluid,
etc., with a solvent.
b. Apply the cleaning solution by hand or spray.

Use sponges, soft brushes, or cloths to loosen soils.
CAUTION: DO NOT USE HIGH PRESSURE SPRAYS. DO NOT FLUSH

LUBRICANTS FROM BEARINGS.
NOTE: Work small areas to prevent the cleaning solution from

drying on the surface. It is usually advantageous to
start at the lower surfaces and work outward and upward.
c. Rinse away loosened soil and cleaner residue with

a stream of water. Check for residue by lightly wiping with a
cloth. Reclean and rinse as needed to eliminate residue.
d. Follow the cleaning with an overall rinse.
e. Dry.
10—00—00
10—6
10-11. CLEANING PROCEDURE - SPECIFIC AREAS
1. Main and tail rotor blades. Refer to applicable heli-

copter manual.
2. Main and tail rotor hub assemblies.
a. Wipe parts with cloths wetted with a solvent.
CAUTION: DO NOT FLUSH LUBRICANTS FROM BEARINGS.
b. Use detergent and water to remove solid soils as

necessary.
c. Rinse and dry.
d. Check for residue, reclean, rinse, and dry as

needed.
3. Components under cowlings.

a. Wipe with cloths wetted with solvent as necessary
to remove excessive fluids, grease, and oil.
b. Use detergent and water as necessary.

c. Rinse and dry.
d. Check for residue, reclean, rinse, and dry as

needed.
4. Baggage compartment.
a. Wipe with a solvent to remove oily soils.
b. Use detergent and water to remove solids.
c. Rinse and dry.
d. Check for residue. Reclean, rinse, and dry as

needed.
5. Cabin.
Clean upholstery as recommended in the applicable

a.
helicopter manual.
b. Remove seat cushions and carpet when applicable.
10—00—00
10—7
Remove debris (salt, sand, etc.

c. ) from seats and
floor by brushing or with a vacuum cleaner.
NOTE: Pay special attention to the area around fastener heads,

along bulkheads, and in corners.
d. Wash seats, floor, and adjacent areas with deter—
gent and water. Areas covered with permanently installed interior
covering should be cleaned with a soft brush and damp cloth. Do
not wet areas that cannot be completely dried.
e. Rinse. Check for residue, reclean, and rinse as

needed.
f. Dry.
6. Fungus Treatment (when necessary)

a. Clean the area to be treated with a solvent to
remove oil and grease residue.
b. Remove debris, soil, and other contaminants by

washing with detergent and water (table C-l, item
table C-1 item d
d).
c. Allow to dry or wipe dry.

CAUTION: ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL (99%) IS FLAMMABLE. ISOPROPYL
ALCOHOL (99%) SHOULD NOT BE INGESTED AND INHALATION
OF LARGE QUANTITIES OF VAPOR SHOULD BE AVOIDED.
(THIS IS RUBBING ALCOHOL AND INCIDENTAL SKIN CON-
TACT IS NOT A PROBLEM.)
d. Treat the fungus by wiping or spraying with iso-

propyl alcohol (99%) (table C-l, item
table C-1 item H-8
H-8).
NOTE: 99% isopropyl alcohol may soften some plastics. (70% may
be used on plastics but the 99% should not be used on poly-
carbonate or acrylic plastics.)
Alcohols may remove lubricants and preservatives.

e. Allow to set for at least 4 hours.
f. Rewash with detergent and water.
g. Rinse, check for residue, reclean as necessary.
h. Dry.
i. Apply Corrosion Preventive Compound (CPC) and

lubricants or refinish as needed.
10—00—00
10—8
10-12. INSPECTION OF PROTECTIVE FINISH

The condition of the protective finishes on all
components should
be inspected both during and after cleaning. Refer Chapter 15
to Chapter
for classification of damage.
10-13 . WAXING - EXTERIOR SURFACES
It is recommended that those helicopters which have an

acrylic
lacquer exterior finish be waxed at regular intervals (table
table C-1
C—l,
item
item E-7).
E-7 Those helicopters which have a polyurethane enamel
exterior finish do not normally require waxing to maintain their
appearance. However, the use of wax is not prohibited.
In all cases, frequent waxing will provide some protection in
areas where paint is cracked, nicked, or chipped. Wax will also
help prevent moisture from entering joints, seams, etc.
10-14. MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTIVE FINISHES

Each operator should establish an organized cleaning, inspection,
corrosion control, and preservation program which is compatible
with the geographical location and operational environment
each helicopter. Since the conditions and requirements canfprvary
considerably worldwide, the emphasis herein will be directed
toward those helicopters operating near or over salt water and
those in high temperature/high humidity or heavy industrial areas.
(Helicopters operated for agricultural spraying, firefighting, and
plant control are special cases and usually require additional
attention.)
Corrosion Preventive Compounds (CPC) are used to supplement paint,
plating, and other protective coatings. Cleaning procedures, as
described above, will remove many of the CPC materials, as will
flying in the rain. Therefore, a judicious reapplication of CPC
is necessary to reduce the incidence of protective finish failure
and corrosion.
The choice of a CPC will depend somewhat on the operating and

climatic conditions. For instance, the thin film compounds (table
table
C-1 E-3, E-5
C-i, items E-3 E-5, and E-9
E-9) are suitable for short term protec-
tion. However, they are easily removed by washing or flying in a
rain and must be replaced on at least a weekly schedule or more
often under adverse conditions. The grease type materials (table
table
C-1
C-i, item
item E-2 and E-4
E-4) form a soft, easy to remove film which pro-
vides excellent protection when intact. However, grease type coat-
ings will collect dirt and debris readily.
10—00—00
10—9
Grade 1 material (table item E-l)

C-l, item
table C-1 E-1 forms a relatively hard,
dry film which provides good resistance to washing and weather.
However, it may cause mechanical interference between parts, and
it can cover a surface to the extent that inspection is difficult.
CAUTION: ALL OF THE CORROSION PREVENTIVE COMPOUNDS ARE EASILY
REMOVED BY SOLVENTS; THEREFORE, CARE MUST BE EXERCISED
WHEN USING ANY SOLVENT AROUND PARTS WITH CPC. ALSO,
THE THIN FILM MATERIALS (AEROSOL OR BULK) CONTAIN
SOLVENTS WHICH MAY REMOVE APPLIED CPC MATERIALS.
C-l, item
table C-1
The performance of the thin film CPC (table E-3) may be
item E-3
improved by first applying a coat of ultra thin film CPC table C-l,
(table C-1
item E-9),
E-9 allowing it to dry, then overcoating with the E-3 CPC.
In all cases, the thin film and ultra thin film materials should
be reapplied to exposed surfaces on at least a weekly schedule.
NOTE: table C-1

The ultra thin film materials (table C-l, item E-9) are
item E-9
water displacing. That is, when applied to a component
which is wet, they will force the water off the surface
and out of cracks, crevices, etc. Therefore, they should
be used on any part where water entrapment exists.
Initial Preservation. Paints, plating, special coat-
1.
ings, and CPC are applied to new helicopters during manufacture to
provide resistance to environmental exposure. However, these coat—
ings may be damaged, removed, or made ineffective during operation
and corrosion may result. While active preventive maintenance will
in itself result in a relatively corrosion—free helicopter, the
timely use of CPC will result in a reduction in the incidence of
corrosion and the amount of rework needed during regular maintenance
and overhaul operations.
2. Preservation of helicopters operating in dry inland
areas and away from heavy industry. No extensive in-service
preservation requirements are needed for these helicopters. How-
ever, the helicopter should be kept clean and the original protec-
tive finishes and preservative coatings should be maintained as
necessary to prevent deterioration. It is very important that
damage to paint coatings be touched up and that CPC be reapplied
on a timely basis.
NOTE: In this environment frequent inspection of working areas
coated with CPC should be made to insure dust and sand do
not accumulate and create an abrasive mixture that damages
the parts.
10—00—00
10—10
3. Preservation prior to deployment in highly corrosive

environments (near or over salt water, in high temperature/high
humidity areas or heavy industrial areas).
a. Thoroughly clean the helicopter interior and ex-
tenor including inside the tailboom and fuselage, baggage compart-
ment(s), equipment compartments, under enclosed seats, under the
floor panels, rotating components, main and tail rotor blades,
landing gear (wheel or skid), engine compartment, transmission
area, and equipment, such as floats, auxiliary fuel tanks, etc.
Make sure all drain holes are open.
b. Inspect helicopter for integrity of the protective

finish (paint, primer, plating, and coatings) and for evidence of
corrosion.
c. If corrosion is found, repair and treat the area

in accordnce with Section 20
20.
d. Touch up damaged paint and/or refinish as needed.
e. Apply CPC as specified by the Applicable helicopter

manuals and as indicated below:
(1) Main Rotor Head. Coat unprotected metal sur-

faces with Grade 1 material (table
table C-1 item E-1
C-l, item E-l). This includes
bolt heads, nuts, and other attaching hardware. In those areas
where Grade 1 would interfere with the function or inspection of
table C-1
the part, Grade 2 (table item E-2 or E-4
C-l, item E-4) may be used. Also,
there are several areas where the heavy CPC cannot be readily
applied. Therefore, the thin film CPC (table
table C-l,
C-1 items
items E-3
E-3,
E-5 E-8, and E-9
E-5, E-8 E-9) should be used.
CAUTION: DO NOT FLUSH LUBRICANTS OR PRESERVATIVES FROM PARTS

WHEN USING THE THIN FILM CPC MATERIALS. DO NOT COAT
UNIBALL ROD END BEARINGS. KEEP ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS
COMPLETELY FREE OF ALL CPC AND OIL.
(2) Swashplate and rotating controls. Coat unpro-

tected metal surfaces with Grade 1 CPC (table
table C-1 item E-1
C-i, item E-l) ex-
cept where Grade 1 would interfere with the function or inspection
of the part. Titanium and stainless steel rod ends, devises, etc.,
do not require coating; however, bolts, nuts, and attaching hard-
ware should be protected.
CAUTION: DO NOT COAT SWASHPLATE SUPPORT BALL OR SLEEVE (WHEN SO

EQUIPPED). DO NOT COAT UNIBALL ROD END BEARINGS. KEEP
ELASTOMERIC BEARINGS FREE OF CPC AND OIL.
10—00—00
10—li
(3) Mast. Coat visible splines with Grade 2

table C-1
(table C-l, item
item E-2 or E-4
E-4) material unless Grade 1 is specified.
(4) Tail rotor area. Coat bolts, nuts, and other

attaching hardware with Grade 1 table
(table C-1 item
C-l, item E-1
E-l). Coat 900
shaft with CPC if plating appears damaged (Grade 1 or Grade 2).
(5) Tail rotor driveshaft, couplings, and hangers.

Coat attaching hardware with Grade 1 or Grade 2 CPC.
(6) Gearboxes. Coat attaching hardware with

C-l, item
table C-1
Grade 1 or Grade 2 CPC. Use ultra thin CPC (table item E-8
E-8
E—9) to displace water from crevices and other areas.
or E-9
(7) Tailboom. Apply ultra thin, water displacing

table C-l,
CPC (table item E-8 or E-9
C-1 item E-9) to skin seams and joints, piano
hinges, fasteners where paint is chipped, tailboom attach fittings,
elevator attach fittings, tail skid attach fittings, hardware, and
other areas where water may become entrapped.
NOTE: Before any of these surfaces can be repainted, the CPC must
be thoroughly removed.
(8) Fuselage. Coat jack point and tiedown f it-
tings with Grade 1 CPC. Coat door hinges and pins, rollers, etc.,
with Grade 2 or thin film CPC. Emergency exit door release mecha-
nisms should be coated with Grade 2 or thin film CPC. Coat attach-
ing hardware with CPC where possible.
NOTE: C-l, item
table C-1
Use Grade 1 (table E-l), allowed to dry thoroughly,
item E-1
on those surfaces which may be contacted by passenger or
crew clothing.
Under the floor panels. Coat hardware and attaching fasteners

where corrosion problems are indicated. Coat unused floor tiedown
fittings with Grade 1.
If auxiliary fuel tanks are installed, the area below and behind
the tanks should be painted with epoxy primer and polyurethane
enamel.
Under enclosed seats coat hardware and attaching fasteners. Coat

with CPC.
(9) Landing Gear.

Wheel Gear. Coat attaching hardware, hydraulic fittings, and
other unpainted components, on the gear and in the wells with
Grade 1 CPC. Reciprocating portions of hydraulic/pneumatic cy-
linders should not be coated except for a wipe down with ultra
thin CPC (table
table C-1 item E-9
C-l, item E-9).
10—00—00
10—12
SURFACE CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTIVE FINISHES (concluded)
Skid Gear. Coat attaching hardware (crosstube to fuselage) with

Grade 1 CPC. Use ultra thin CPC to displace moisture as needed.
Flotation Gear. Coat fittings and attaching hardware with Grade 1

CPC. Keep CPC off of fabric structure.
(10) Main and Tail Rotor Blades. See applicable
helicopter manual for instructions.
(11) Engines. See applicable helicopter and engine

manuals for instructions.
4. Treatment during deployment in highly corrosive environ-

ment.
a. Assure integrity of protective coatings and preserv—
ative compounds by including them in the preflight and daily inspec-
tions.
b. Take prompt corrective action when corrosion prob-

lems are found.
c Use ultra thin and water displacing compounds

C—l, items
table C-1
(table items E-8 E—9) to remove water from seams,
E—8 and E-9 joints,
and entrapment areas.
d. Assure adherence to calendar inspections. Thor-

oughly clean the helicopter and remove CPC which shows signs of
failure or which is contaminated with dirt, salt, or other deposits.
NOTE: Corrosion is a function of time of exposure to corrosive

media. In this regard, calendar time is much more important
than flight hours.
e. Assure reapplication of protective finishes and

preservative compounds on a timely basis.
10—00—00
10—13/10—14
CORROSION DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

15-1 General ..................... 15-00-00 15-3
15-2 Visual inspection ........... 15-00-00 15-3
15-3 Classification of damage .... 15-00-00 15-3
15-4 Painted surfaces ............ 15-00-00 15-5
15-5 Sealed joints ............... 15-00-00 15-5
15-6 Unpainted surfaces .......... 15-00-00 15-5
15-7 Inspection guides ........... 15-00-00 15-6
15-8 Nondestructive testing (NDI). 15-00-00 15-6
15-9 Composite surfaces .......... 15-00-00 15-7
15-00-00
15-1/15-2
CORROSION DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION
15-1. GENERAL
Adequate inspection for corrosion cannot be accomplished by ran—

dom, isolated examinations. A well planned inspection guide and
checklist are necessary to assure that no susceptible area is
overlooked. Components should be thoroughly examined for signs
of corrosion at each routine inspection and additional corrosion
inspections should be conducted on a schedule which is consistent
with the operational environment.
15-2. VISUAL INSPECTION

Visual examination of cleaned surfaces should be supplemented by
using optical aids such as a three to ten power magnifying glass
and adequate lighting. This inspection must not be limited to
exterior or easily accessible areas. It must include all areas
where corrosion can occur and especially those areas which are
known to be susceptible to a loss of or damage to the protective
finish system.
15-3. CLASSIFICATION OF DAMAGE
When corrosion is found, a correct evaluation of probable damage

is necessary in order that appropriate corrective action may be
taken. The function of the part concerned and the location of
the corrosion on the part will determine the action required.
NOTE: The limits of corrosion and damage on critical parts are

specified in the applicable helicopter manuals.
The following general classifications of corrosion damage are
suggested for use.
1. Negligible damage. Protective finish system has light
damage and/or very light corrosive attack is evident.
a. Area requires minor rework and touchup of protec-
tive finish.
b. Helicopter may be operated but corrosion preventive
compound or temporary paint touchup should be used to protect the
area from further damage.
2. Significant damage. Protective finish system has ex-

tensive damage, corrosion products and/or pitting is evident or
the extent of damage cannot be confirmed. Damage in this category
must be evaluated and further classified as follows:
15—00—00
15—3
CORROSION DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION ( continued)
a.Reparable damage. Evaluation reveals damage to be

within the allowable limits specified in the applicable helicopter
manual for the part concerned. Parts must be reworked and/or re—
finished prior to continued use.
b.Nonreparable damage. Evaluation of corroded area
reveals damage in excess of limits specified in the applicable
helicopter manual. Parts must be removed from flight status
immediately.
3. The following limits are applicable for airframe struc-
tures that do not have limits specified in applicable manual. Cor-
rosion damage on 7000 series aluminum alloy parts that have had
special treatments to preclude stress and fatigue corrosion, such
as shotpeening of surface and stress relieving, cannot be repaired
unless provisions are shown in the applicable helicopter manual.
Sheet and formed 7000 series and other aluminum alloy parts may be
repaired within the following limits.
a. Surface Corrosion and Pitting.
(1) Application. Limited surface corrosion.
(2) Restrictions.
(a) Corrosion cannot affect more than 20 per-

cent of surface area.
(b) Pits a maximum of 0.060 inch in major

dimensions.
(c) Pits a maximum of 15 percent of local part

thickness in depth.
(d) Pits separated by a minimum of 0.20 inch.
(e) No more than 14 pits in any area, one inch

on a side.
(f) Area can be repaired only once.
b. Crevice Corrosion.
Application.
(1) Corrosion around or under fastener
or between faying surfaces.
(2) Restrictions.
(a) Limited to 20 percent or a maximum of 5

fasteners in a pattern.
15—00—00
15—4
CORROSION DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION (continued)
Fastener hole corrosion can be removed

(b)
by drilling hole out to next size fastener and/or abrading and
polishing surface to a maximum of 10 percent of corroded sheet
thickness.
(c) Repaired fastener hole will have minimum of

1.5 diameter edge distance.
(d) Repair can be accomplished only once on part.

NOTE: If corrosion exceeds area limits, it may be possible to
repair part by replacement of damaged material.
15-4 . PAINTED SURFACES
Corrosion in its initial stages, under paint, is difficult to de-

tect. However, it usually results in blisters, flakes, chips, or
other irregularities in the paint coating before severe damage oc-
curs to the underlying metal. Painted or primed surfaces should be
inspected for evidence of discoloration, deterioration of gloss, and
other irregularities. Particular attention should be given to lap
joints, seams, fastener heads, and the edges of adhesive bonded
joints. When flaws are found in the paint coatings, further in-
vestigation is required to determine if metal damage has occrnrred.
15-5. SEALED JOINTS
Sealants, adhesives, and gaskets are normally used to prevent mois—

ture or other fluids from entering joints and seams. In that these
areas are potential sources for corrosion, the integrity of the seal
must be determined periodically.
1.Visual. Inspect for cracks in the sealant or areas of

missing sealant. Look for evidence of water seeping out of a joint.
2. Tapping. Lightly tap the suspected area with the edge

of a coin. A change in sound may indicate a void in the seal.
3.Water tightness. When possible, after washing and rins-
ing, inspect interior area for evidence of seal leakage.
4. Inspect drain tubes and drain holes for crimping or plug-

ging which may prevent proper drainage.
15-6. UNPAINTED SURFACES
Certain surfaces on the helicopter are not painted. Some alloys,
15—00—00
15—5
CORROSION DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION (continued)
such as stainless steel and titanium, are less susceptible than

carbon steel and aluminum to corrosion and do not normally require
protective coating. Other parts, because of their function, are
not painted. These parts are protected by cadmium plating (steel),
anodizing (aluminum), other types of surface treatment, or corro—
sion preventive compounds.
The following indicates the type of attack to be expected on dif-

ferent metal surfaces.
1. Aluminum alloys. Subject to surface pitting, inter-

granular and exfoliation attack; products are usually a grey or
white powder.
2. Steel (bare). Subject to surface oxidation, pitting,

and intergranular attack; products are reddish—brown (rust).
3. Steel (coated or cadmium plated). If cadmium corrodes,

white powdery products form. If large areas of cadmium are removed,
rust from the steel will be evident. Rust spots on a coating
usually indicates corrosion or pitting of the steel under the
coating.
4. Magnesium. Highly susceptible to pitting attack.
White powdery products will be formed.
5. Stainless steels, May be subject to pitting when

chlorides are present. Some red, brown, or black stains may be
evident.
15-7. INSPECTION GUIDES
Routine maintenance inspections should always include corrosion

detection. The corrosion inspection guides presented in Chapter
30 should be used for these inspections and they should be ex-
panded as necessary to cover special operating conditions or ex-
posure to extreme environments.
15-8. NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDI)
The use of nondestructive inspection techniques, such as Penetrant,

Eddy Current, Magnetic Particle, Radiographic (X-Ray), Ultrasonic,
and others, may be necessary to determine the extent of corrosion
damage. These techniques must be employed by trained personnel
using procedures and materials specified in the applicable heli-
copter manual.
15—00—00
15—6
CORROSION DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION (concluded)
15-9. COMPOSITE SURFACES
Although composite materials do not corrode, a visual inspection

of their surfaces may indicate corrosion problems with attached
or adjacent metals. Joints and seams should be inspected for
evidence of corrosion products "bleeding out" from metal attach-
ments or fasteners. Blisters on the composite surface may indi-
cate corrosion on metal sandwiched between layers. This can
often be confirmed by tapping.
15—00—00
15—7/15—8
CORROSION REMOVAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS

20-1 General ...................... 20-00-00 20-3
20-2 Cleaning ..................... 20-00-00 20-3
20-3 Paint removal ................ 20-00-00 20-3
20-7 Corrosion removal ............ 20-00-00 20-4
20-10 Evaluation of the surface .... 20-00-00 20-5
20-11 Refinishing .................. 20-00-00 20-6
20-12 Corrosion removal procedures . 20-00-00 20-6
20-00-00
20-1/20-2
CORROSION REMOVAL
20-1. GENERAL
Corrosion removal involves cleaning, paint stripping, removal of

corrosion products, and evaluation of the metal surface to deter-
mine the extent of damage.
20-2. CLEANING
Chapter 10 for cleaning materials and procedures.

Refer to Chapter
20-3. PAINT REMOVAL

Paint must be removed in an area large enough to expose all cor—
roded metal and to allow for effective blending and fairing of
the surface. Parts which have been removed from the helicopter
may be stripped in their entirety.
20-4. HAND SANDING
The paint finish may be removed by sanding unless prohibited by

the applicable chapter of the manual for the part concerned. Use
item A-3 or A-4
C-l, item
table C-1
320 or 400 grit abrasive paper (table A-4) or
equivalent.
20-5. SOLVENTS
C-l, item
table C-1
Methyl-Ethyl-Ketone (table H-l) may be used to strip
item H-1
lacquer topcoats without damage to the underlying primer. However,
all solvents must be used with caution. Adjacent painted surfaces
and plastic or composite parts must be protected from the solvent.
Refer to applicable helicopter manuals for specific part instruc-
tions.
20-6. CHEMICAL STRIPPERS
C-l, item
table C-1
Chemical strippers (table item G-1
G-l, G-2 G-3 may be used
G-2, and G-3)
unless prohibited by the applicable helicopter manual. When chem-
ical strippers are used, faying surfaces, joints, seams, and adja-
cent areas must be masked to prevent stripper from contacting
plastic parts or becoming entrapped in seams.
CAUTION: CHEMICAL STRIPPERS MUST NOT BE ALLOWED TO CONTACT AD-
HESIVE BONDED JOINTS. ACID TYPE CHEMICAL STRIPPERS
20—00—00
20—3
CORROSION REMOVAL (continued)
ITEM B-3)
(ITEM B-3 MUST NOT BE USED ON HIGH STRENGTH STEEL
PARTS. CHEMICAL STRIPPERS MUST NOT BE ALLOWED TO
CONTACT COMPOSITE SURFACES.
Removal of polyurethane paints from composite surfaces must be
accomplished by sanding. Abrasive size must be small enough to
prevent damage to fibers of the composite.
NOTE: Refer to applicable helicopter manual for location of
composite parts.
20-7. CORROSION REMOVAL
Corrosion products and damaged metal must be removed by the mildest

method available to prevent additional damage to the part. Chemical
treatments and mechanical methods may be used alone or in combina—
tion. The method used will depend on the alloy concerned, the depth
of the corrosion damage, and the function of the surface.
CAUTION: IN ALL CASES, CORROSION REMOVAL MUST BE ACCOMPLISHED

IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURES AND LIMITS SPECIFIED
BY THE APPLICABLE HELICOPTER MANUAL FOR THE PART CON-
CERNED.
20-8. CHEMICAL TREATMENT
Chemical treatment may be used alone to remove light corrosion

products on some surfaces. It should also be used in conjunction
with mechanical methods to assure that all corrosion products have
been removed.
1. Aluminum, steel, and stainless steel should be treated

C-l, item C-l).
table C-1
with Turco W.O. #1 (table
Solution concentration - 1 part W.O. #1 to 3 parts
water by volume.
Solution temperature - Ambient
Treatment time - 5 to 30 minutes - agitate or brush

periodically.
2. Magnesium must be treated with a solution of chromic
acid (table C-l, item C-2) in water.
table C-1
Solution concentration — 1 lb of chromic acid in each
gallon on water.
20—00—00
20—4
Solution temperature - Ambient temperature to 160°F
Treatment time — as necessary to remove corrosion

products.
CAUTION: THE ABOVE CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS ARE NOT CONSIDEREDTO BE
PREPAINT TREATMENTS UNLESS SPECIFICALLY REQUIRED BY
THE APPLICABLE HELICOPTER MANUAL OR CHAPTER 25 OF THIS
HANDBOOK FOR PREPAINT TREATMENTS.
20-9. MECHANICAL METHODS
Mechanical methods may be used alone to remove corrosion products

and deteriorated metal when specifically required by the applicable
helicopter manual. However, in other cases it is desirable to
follow the mechanical method with a chemical treatment which will
aid in determining if all corrosion products have been removed.
The following methods are listed in increasing order of potential
damage to a part.
1. Hand Sanding. table C-1,
Nylon Web (table C-l, item A—l).
A-1
2. Hand Sanding. Abrasive Paper (items A-2, A-3 and A-4

A-2 A-3, A-4).
3. Honing. Fine stone (item A-10

A-lU).
4. Glass Bead Cleaning (item A-9

A-9).
5. 1-2 and I-3

Wire Brush (items I-2 1-3).
6. Mechanical Scrapers (item I-4

1-4).
7. Abrasive Blasting (items A-7 and A-8).

A-8
NOTE: Combinations of the above methods (i.e. scraper followed by

hand sand and polish) should be used to provide a final
finish which is as smooth as the original part and to blend
the damaged area smoothly into adjacent areas to minimize
surface irregularities.
CAUTION: MOTOR DRIVEN GRINDERS AND SANDERS SHALL NOT BE USED

BECAUSE OF POSSIBLE LOCAL OVERHEATING OF THE BASE
METAL.
20-10. EVALUATION OF THE SURFACE
Corroded parts must be evaluated before and after rework to deter-

mine the depth of the damage, size, and location of the affected
area and the number of damaged areas.
20—U0—00
20—5
CAUTION: THE LIMITS ESTABLISHED BY THE APPLICABLE HELICOPTER

MANUAL FOR THE PART OR SURFACE CONCERNED MUST NOT BE
EXCEEDED.
20—il . REFINISHING
Surfaces which have had corrosion removed are very susceptible to

further corrosion if not properly protected. Therefore, all parts
which are considered to be reparable must be refinished in accord-
ance with Chapter
Chapter 25
25 as soon as practicable after corrosion removal
or the surface must be protected from damage by the use of oil,
grease, or corrosion preventive compound prior to refinishing.
20-12 . CORROSION REMOVAL PROCEDURES

The following procedures are recommended for removing corrosion
products and deteriorated metal from the alloys and surfaces in—
dicated.
1. Aluminum surfaces.
a. Sheet metal parts and extrusions (except rotor

blades).
NOTE: See applicable helicopter manual for rework and ref inish-
ing procedures for rotor blades.
(1) Light surface attack (filiform, shallow pit-
ting and general corrosion).
Remove corrosion products by hand sanding
(a)
with nylon web or fine abrasive paper. Remove sanding residue
with a solvent or detergent.
(b) Apply chemical treatment.

(c) Rinse and dry.
(d) Evaluate the surface. If the damage ex-

ceeds tIe before repair limits specified in the applicable heli-
copter manual, rework in accordance with the procedure for moderate
to severe corrosion, step
step (2)
(2). Otherwise, proceed to Step (e)
(e).
(e) Refinish. Refer to Chapter 25

25.
(2) Moderate to severe corrosion (deep pits, inter-

granular attack, etc).
20—00—00
20—6
(a) Remove visible damage by hand sanding,

scraping, or glass bead cleaning. remove sanding residue with
a solvent or detergent.

(c) Rinse, dry, and visually inspect.
(d) Repeat Steps (a), (b), and (c) until all

visual evidence of corrosion is removed.
(e) Evaluate the surface. If the reworked

area exceeds the after repair limits specified in the applicable
helicopter manual, remove the part from flight status. Otherwise,
proceed to step (f).
(f) Polish and blend the reworked area into
surrounding surface.
(g) Refinish. Chapter 25

Refer to Chapter 25.
b. Machine parts, forgings, and castings.
CAUTION: MECHANICAL METAL REMOVAL IS NOT PERMITTED ON CERTAIN

SURFACES OF POWER TRANSMISSION PARTS AND SHOTPEEND OR
STRESS RELIEVED PARTS. SEE THE APPLICABLE HELICOPTER
MANUAL.
(1) Light surface attack (shallow pitting).

(a) Remove corrosion products by hand sanding
with nylon web or fine abrasive paper. Remove sanding residue
with a solvent or detergent.
(c) Rinse and dry.
(d) Evaluate the surface. If the damage ex-

ceeds the before repair limits specified in the applicable heli-
copter manual, rework in accordance with the procedure for moderate
to severe corrosion, step (2). Otherwise, proceed with step (e).
(e) Refinish. Refer to Chapter

Chapter 25
25.
(2) Moderate to severe corrosion (deep pits,

intergranular attack, exfoliation, fretting, etc.)
20—00—00
20—7
Remove visible corrosion damage by hand

(a)
sanding, scraping, glass bead cleaning, or abrasive blasting.
Remove sanding residue with a solvent or detergent.

(c) Rinse, dry, and visually inspect.
(d) Repeat Steps

Steps (a) (b), and (c)
(a), (b) (c) until all
visible evidence of corrosion is removed.
(e) Evaluate the surface. If the reworked

helicopter manual, the part must be removed from flight status.
Otherwise, proceed to step
step (f)
(f).
(f) Hand polish the reworked area to a surface

finish equal to or better than the original and blend the area into
the surrounding surface.
(g) Refinish. Refer to Chapter

Chapter 25
25.
NOTE: If the original surface is anodized or hard anodized, blend

the smallest area necessary.
2. Steel surfaces.
a. Steel plated surfaces and/or painted surfaces.

The majority of the parts involved will be cadmium plated. Bell
Helicopter Textron does not authorize re-cadmium plating of struc—
tural parts in the field. Therefore, adjacent plating should be
protected by masking or other means when corrosion is being removed.
(1) Remove corrosion products by hand sanding,
glass bead cleaning, or abrasive blasting.
(2) Apply chemical treatment.
(3) Rinse and dry.
(4) Evaluate the surface. If the damage exceeds

the before repair limits specified in the applicable helicopter
manual, rework in accordance with the following procedure. Other-
wise, proceed to step
step (8)
(8).
(5) Rework damaged area by hand sanding or scraping

and repeat chemical treatment, rinse, and dry.
(6) Evaluate the reworked area. If the reworked

20—00—00
20—8
helicopter manual, the part must be removed from flight status.

Otherwise, proceed to step
step (7)
(7).
(7) Polish reworked area to a finish equal to

the original surface and blend into the surrounding surface.
(8) Refinish. Refer to Chapter 25

25.
b. Steel surfaces not plated or painted. This in-

cludes areas such as splines on main rotor mast and in the tail
rotor drive system, parts with black oxide finish, and other
functional surfaces. No refinishing is required on these surfaces.
However, the surfaces must be protected with oil or corrosion pre-
ventive compound if stored prior to installation.
CAUTION: DUE TO THE NATURE OF THE SURFACES INVOLVED, THE APPLI-

CABLE HELICOPTER MANUAL MUST BE CHECKED CLOSELY FOR IN-
SPECTION AND REWORK PROCEDURES.
c. Stainless steel.
NOTE: Stainless steel surfaces which are cadmium plated origi-

nally must be treated the same as a plated steel part.
Refer to step
step 22.
Corrosion products should be removed from other stainless steel
surfaces by hand sanding or wire brushing. Stainless steel sur—
faces should be refinished if they were finished originally.
d. Magnesium surfaces.
CAUTION: REFER TO APPLICABLE HELICOPTER MANUAL FOR SPECIFIC
REWORK PROCEDURES FOR POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PARTS.
NOTE: Removal of corrosion products is mandatory prior to refin-

ishing or reuse of magnesium parts.
(1) Remove corrosion products by hand sanding or
glass bead cleaning.
(2) Apply chemical treatment (chromi acid).
(3) Rinse and dry.
(4) Evaluate the area. If the damage exceeds

the before repair limits specified in the applicable helicopter
manual, rework in accordance with steps (5) (6), and (7)
(5), (6) (7). Other-
step (10)
(10).
20—00—00
20—9
CORROSION REMOVAL (concluded)
(5) Repeat steps (2) and (3) until all visible

evidence of corrosion products is removed.
(6) Rework area to remove damaged metal by hand

sanding or scraping.
(7) Repeat steps (2) and (3).
(8) Evaluate reworked area. If the reworked area
exceeds the after repair limits specified in the applicable heli-
copter manual, the part must be removed from flight status. Other-
step (9)
(9).
(9) Polish and blend the reworked area into the

surrounding surface.
(10) Refinish within 24 hours or protect with oil
or corrosion preventive compound. Refer to Chapter 25
25.
20—00—00
20—10
REFINISHING OF METAL SURFACES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

25-1 General .................... 25-00-00 25-3
25-2 Aluminum surfaces .......... 25-00-00 25-3
25-3 Steel surfaces ............. 25-00-00 25-3
25-4 Stainless steel surfaces ... 25-00-00 25-4
25-5 Magnesium surfaces ......... 25-00-00 25-4
25-6 Titanium surfaces .......... 25-00-00 25-4
25-00-00
25-1/25-2
REFINISHING OF METAL SURFACES
25-1. GENERAL
The restoration of the protective finish on reworked parts is of

extreme importance. The procedures and materials used must pro—
vide corrosion protection equal to the original finish.
NOTE: Refer to applicable helicopter manual for general painting,

refinishing procedures, and materials.
25-2 . ALUMINUM SURFACES
All reworked aluminum surfaces must be given a chemical film

treatment.
1. Any surface which has been scratched or abraded should
be given a new chemical film treatment.
2. Any surface which is to be repainted must be given a

fresh chemical film treatment prior to priming.
3. Exterior anodized surfaces which are reworked and which

were not originally painted, may be touched up with chemical film
treatment only, provided the reworked area does not exceed 0.5
square inch. Otherwise, the surface must be given a chemical
film treatment followed by a coat of primer and a topcoat.
25-3. STEEL SURFACES
All reworked surfaces which were plated or coated originally must

be refinished.
1. Cadmium plated surfaces. Bell Helicopter Textron

does not authorize re-cadmium plating of structural parts in the
field. However, those surfaces which have had the plating removed
by wear or rework should be refinished with brush cadmium plating
to the extent allowed by the applicable helicopter manual.
a.Brush Cadmium Plating solution (table C-l, item B-4

table C-1 B-4)
must be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
b. When brush cadmium plating is not available, the
surface must be coated with a minimum of two coats of epoxy primer.
c. surface was originally plated and painted, it

If the
must be repainted after touch-up of the cadmium plating.
25—00—00
25—3
REFINISHING OF METAL SURFACES (concluded)
2. Steel surfaces not originally plated.
a. Those surfaces which operate in grease or oil do

not require refinishing. However, they must be protected prior
to assembly by oil or preservative compound.
b. All surfaces which were originally coated with

solid film lubricant must be recoated.
c. All surfaces which were originally painted must
be repainted.
25-4. STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES
Some stainless steel parts are plated and/or painted for protec—
tion of the part or for dissimilar metal protection of mating sur-
faces. Therefore, any reworked surface which was coated origi-
nally must be refinished.
1. Cadmium plated parts. Same as steel parts. Refer to

paragraph
paragraph 25-3
25-3, step
step 11.
2. Painted parts. Apply primer and topcoat. Refer to
applicable helicopter manual.
25-5. MAGNESIUM SURFACES
All reworked magnesium surfaces must be treated with Dow #19

C-1 item
table C-l,
(table item B-2
B-2). Any surface which was painted originally
must be repainted as soon as practicable, preferably within 24
hours, after treatment. All other surfaces must be protected
with oil or preservative compound prior to assembly.
25-6. TITANIUM SURFACES
Titanium surfaces which were painted originally must be repainted

prior to assembly.
25—00—00
25—4
INSPECTION GUIDES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

30-1 Corrosion inspections-general 30-00-00 30-3
30-2 Corrosion inspection guides . 30-05-00 30-4
206 Series
30-3 206 series helicopters ...... 30-10-00 30-4
30-4 Visual corrosion inspection
guide ..................... 30-10-00 30-5
30-5 100-hour or 90-day corrosion
inspection guide .......... 30-10-00 30-13
Medium Helicopters
30-6 Medium helicopters .......... 30-20-00 30-25
30-7 Visual corrosion inspection
guide ..................... 30-20-00 30-25
30-8 100-hour or 90-day corrosion
inspection guide .......... 30-20-10 30-39
30-00-00
30-1/30-2
INSPECTION GUIDES
30-1. CORROSION INSPECTIONS - GENERAL
There are certain parts and/or surfaces which, by their location,

function, or configuration, are considered to be more susceptible
to loss of their corrosion protection because of damage, wear,
and other deterioration. The loss of protection and consequent
corrosion must be detected at the earliest possible time and cor—
rective action initiated.
This section contains inspection guides that are intended to aid

operators in developing inspection programs appropriate for the
operation and environment. The section is divided into two parts:
the 206 series helicopters and medium helicopters. Each part is
subdivided into inspections that can be accomplished without any
disassembly. These inspections should be included in a visual
corrosion control program. A second group of inspections requires
disassembly of the helicopter. These inspections should be in-
cluded in periodic 100-hour or 90-day (whichever occurs first)
programs.
A stringent inspection program should be used when initiating an
operation in a new environment or with a new type helicopter. In
the worst corrosive environment, the inspections should be conducted
on a daily basis. Experience will identify daily inspection periods
that may be extended to weekly or monthly. Similarly, the inspec-
tion interval of the 100-hour or 90-day inspections may be reduced
or extended. A good corrosion control program will require the
minimum number of inspections necessary to identify and correct
corrosion problems prior to significant corrosion damage; however,
it is better to conduct extra inspections than to replace expen-
sive components.
The inspection guides do not cover the engine, electronic equipment,

or instruments except for attaching fittings. The general princi-
ple of this manual are applicable to all areas; however, manufac-
turer's instructions should be consulted for specific inspection
and maintenance practices. In no case should evidence of corrosion
be ignored.
CAUTION: IN ALL CASES, IF SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE SUCH AS CRACKS,

PITTING, LARGE AREAS OF CORROSION, DISBONDS OR BONDED
JOINTS (VOIDS), EVIDENCE OF ENTRAPPED WATER, ETC., ARE
FOUND, THE HELICOPTER MUST BE GROUNDED UNTIL THE AIR-
WORTHINESS OF THE COMPONENT(S) IS ESTABLISHED.
30—00—00
30—3
INSPECTION GUIDES (continued)
30-2. CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDES
These guides are written so that they may be locally reproduced

and used while personnel are actually performing the inspection.
1. Visual corrosion inspection guide. This guide covers

those surfaces which can be seen without any disassembly of the
helicopter and includes those areas which are accessible during
normal visual inspections.
2. 100—hour or 90—day (whichever comes first) corrosion
inspection guide. This guide includes those surfaces which are
accessible for inspection after removal of cowling, plates, access
doors, and other covers normally removed for 100—hour or 90—day
inspections. It is recommended that these inspections be per-
formed at any time the surfaces are visible and in no case
should the interval exceed 100 hours or 90 days.
30-3. 206 SERIES HELICOPTERS
The following guides are applicable to all JetRanger and LongRanger

series helicopters.
30—05—00/30—10—00
30—4
REGISTRATION NO
INITIAL ITEMS FOR AIRWORTHINESS
INITIAL
30-4. VISUAL CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDE
This guide provides a checklist for those parts or surfaces

which can be visually inspected without any disassembly of
the helicopter. These inspections should be accomplished in
conjunction with other preventive maintenance.
MAIN ROTOR BLADES
1. Visually inspect both upper and lower surfaces
for damage to paint.
2. Inspect edges and tips of doublers trailing edge

and around trim tab for evidence of voids.
3. Inspect for corrosion and bond separation at latch

bolt pads.
4. See applicable maintenance manual for additional

inspections and for preventive maintenance instructions.
MAIN ROTOR HUB AND MAST ASSEMBLY
1. Grips. Inspect for pitting if paint has been
damaged. Check around main bolt head and nut for corrosion
products. Apply CPC as needed.
2. Hub. Inspect for rusty spots which indicate
removal of cadmium plating.
3. Pillow blocks. Inspect bolts for evidence of

corrosion.
4. Mast. Inspect for paint and plating damage. In—

spect splined areas for rust. Apply CPC as needed.
5. Pitch horn. Inspect for pitting in the area

around the trunnion bearing and in areas where paint is
damaged. Inspect trunnion bearing housing for removal of
cadmium plate. Apply CPC as needed.
6. Blade latch bolt. Inspect for rusting on areas
where cadmium plating has been removed. Apply CPC as needed.
7.Flap restraint (kit). Inspect overall for rust

spots. General discoloration is not a problem. Apply CPC
as needed.
—
o—o—oo
30—5/30—6
REGISTRATION NO.
-
INITIAL
8. Refer to applicable maintenance manual for addi—
tional inspections and for preventive maintenance instruc—
tions.
FLIGHT CONTROLS (ROTATING)
Control tubes (pitch link assembly). Inspect ex-

1.
tenor surface for damaged paint and pitting. Inspect ends
for proper sealing. Inspect rod ends, devices, and bolts
for evidence of corrosion. Apply CPC as needed.
2. Swashplate assembly. Inspect around staked bear—

ings for cracks or pitting. Inspect idler link, collar, and
mast splines for pitting or corrosion products. Inspect boot
for damage. Apply CPC as needed.
3. Pivot sleeve and support. Inspect for paint dam-

age. Inspect wear surfaces for pitting or coating removed.
TAIL ROTOR BLADES
1. Tip. Inspect for corrosion or delamination adja—

cent to the stainless steel abrasion strip and tip block.
2. Body. Inspect for nicks, scratches and other

paint damage. Check all bonded joints for voids.
3. Butt. Inspect area around bearings, balance

weight, and pitch horn for corrosion products or pitting.
Apply CPC as needed.
TAIL ROTOR HUB ASSEMBLY AND FLIGHT CONTROLS
1. Yoke. Inspect area around blade bolts, trunnion
thrust bushings, and area contacted by static stop for pit-
ting. Apply CPC as needed.
2. Pitch change links. Inspect around the bearings

at each end and all other surfaces for pitting. Apply CPC
as needed.
3. Pitch horn. Inspect around attach points, weight

package, etc., for pitting. Apply CPC as needed.
4. Other components. Check crosshead, static stop,
knurled nut, attaching parts, etc., for evidence of corrosion.
Inspect overall for paint damage. Apply CPC as needed.
30-10-00
3 0—7/30—8
REGISTRATION NO.
__________________________________________INITIAL
5. Inspect shaft for damage to finish.
VERTICAL FIN
1. Inspect trailing edge cover, leading edge cover,
and splice joints for voids and disbonds. Inspect overall
for paint damage. Inspect tail skid and attaching hardware
for corrosion products.
LANDING GEAR
1. Standard gear without fairings. Inspect cross-

tubes for chips, nicks, blisters, and other paint damage.
Inspect for pitting in and around paint defects. The areas
around the straps and saddles need a thorough inspection.
2. High gear without fairings. Same as step

step 1.
1., plus
inspect the step and the crosstube where the step attaches.
3. Skid pans (pop-out float). Inspect for voids at
the edges of all bonded joints. Inspect the area around
fasteners and fittings. Inspect lower part of crosstube
which attaches to skid pan for corrosion products. Inspect
tubing and fittings for pitting and corrosion products.
4. Floats and hardware. Inspect for damage and cor—
rosion.
NOTE: If fairings are installed, inspect visible area.
EXTERIOR SURFACES (FUSELAGE, TAILBOOM, AND

HORIZONTAL STABILIZER)
1. General. Inspect for nicks, chips, blisters, and

other signs of paint damage. Look closely at seams, joints,
edges, and fastener heads.
COWLING AND COVERS

1. Inspect latches and hinges for evidence of corro-
sion. Inspect rivet heads and other fasteners.
BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT
1. Inspect door latches and hinges. Inspect condition
of floor and tie—downs.
30—10—00
30—9/30—10
REGISTRATION NO.
__________________________________________INITIAL
2. Remove dirt and debris.
DOORS (CREW AND PASSENGER)
1. Inspect hinges and latches.

NOSE
1. Battery compartment. Check for electrolyte spil-

lage.
2. External power receptacle. Inspect for corrosion

on receptacle and around access door.
AIRFRAME UNDERBODY
1. General. Make sure all drain holes are open. In—

spect for edge voids in bonded joints around drain holes and
at other edges. Inspect paint for nicks, chips, blisters,
etc.
2. Hard points. Inspect for rust on jack points and

tie-downs. Inspect adjacent areas for skin corrosion around
rivet heads.
CABIN INTERIOR
1. Cyclic and collective sticks. Inspect hardware and

general condition of sticks.
2. Pedals and support. Inspect for chipped paint and

corrosion.
3. Floors. Inspect general floor area, fastener heads,
and areas where water could be trapped (corners, low spots,
etc.) Remove salt, sand, debris, etc.
30—10—00
30—11/30—12
206 SERIES 100-HOUR OR 90-DAY CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDE
REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
This inspection to be accomplished each 100 hours or 90 days
(whichever comes first).
30-5. 100-HOUR OR 90-DAY CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDE.
GENERAL
1. Perform visual corrosion inspection in addition to

this inspection.
2. Open or remove engine and transmission cowling,
tail rotor driveshaft cover, and tail rotor gearbox cover.
PYLON LINKS, MOUNTS, AND NODAL BEAM

1. Inspect links for damaged paint, pitting, or rust-
ing.
2. Inspect fore and aft mounts to cabin roof. Pay

special attention to aft mounts on 206L series (next to fire—
wall).
3. Inspect link to transmission mount.

4. Inspect nodal beam components for damage to finish.
MAIN TRANSMISSION CASE
1. Inspect condition of paint and sealant.
2. Inspect around bolts, studs, and attached parts

HYDRAULIC PUMP/RESERVOIRS
1. Inspect condition of paint on exterior.

2. Open lid and remove screen. Check for corrosion
products or pitting on inside of lid and under screen.
3. Inspect condition of pump and ataching hardware.
MAIN INPUT DRIVESHAFT
1. Inspect for evidence of cad-plate removal (rust)
on shaft and couplings.
-" -
__0-10-00
30—13/30—14
REGISTRATION NO.
- INITIAL
TAIL ROTOR DRIVESHAFTS (CAD-PLATED)
1. Inspect for evidence of cad-plate removal (rust).

2. Inspect splined joints for corrosion products.
3. Inspect fasteners.
TAIL ROTOR DRIVESHAFTS (ALUMINUM)
1. Inspect for nicks, chips, scratches, and other

damage to organic finish (clear lacquer).
2. Inspect for pitting on shaft.
3. Inspect flex couplings and fasteners.
TAIL ROTOR DRIVESHAFT BEARING HANGERS
1. Inspect for nicks, chips, or blisters in paint.
(The hangers just fore and aft of the oil cooler fan are mag—
nesium.)
2. Inspect other hangers for evidence of corrosion
products. Touch up as needed.
TAIL ROTOR GEARBOX

1. Inspect for corrosion products around fasteners
and attached parts.
2. Inspect paint for chips, nicks, and blisters.

CYCLIC AND COLLECTIVE - CABIN ROOF AREA
1. Actuator support assembly.
a. Inspect casting for damaged paint, pitting, or

cracks.
b. Inspect roof around support for evidence of

corrosion.
30—10—00
3 0—15/30—16
REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
2. Actuators
a. Inspect cylinder barrel and valve body for

damage to anodized surfaces.
b. Inspect trunnions on piston for rusting. In—
spect all attaching hardware.
3. Bellcranks and supports
a. Inspect support to roof attachments and roof

area for corrosion products.
b. Inspect around bearings for paint damage and

pits.
4. Control tubes
a. Inspect body of tubes for scratches, nicks,

and other paint damage.
b. Inspect rod ends and devises for corrosion

products.
UNDER SEATS AND IN VERTICAL TUNNEL
1. Remove front seats and open vertical tunnel.
2. Cyclic control system. Inspect pivot supports,
torque tube, and yoke for damage to paint and evidence of
corrosion products.
3. Collective control system. Inspect collective
stick, jackshaft, and supports for damage to paint and evi-
dence of corrosion products.
4. Control tube.
a. Inspect all visible surfaces of control tube

for damage to paint coatings and evidence of corrosion.
b. Inspect all rod ends and fasteners.

5. Tail rotor pitch control. Inspect bellcranks and
control tubes for paint damage.
30—10—0 0
30—17/30—18
REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
6. Inspect for fungus.
7. Inspect fuel system components (206L).
POWER PLANT AND ENGINE COMPARTMENT AREA
1. Engine mounts.
a. Inspect tubes for rust.
b. Inspect attachments to engine and airframe.
2. Fuel lines.
a. Inspect fittings for cracks and corrosion.

b. Inspect brackets and fasteners.
c. Inspect filter and mounting bracket for corro—
sion products.
3. Power Plant controls. Inspect brackets, control

rods, rod ends, and fasteners.
4. Oil tank.
a. Inspect tank exterior for paint damage.

b. Inspect brackets and fasteners.
c. Inspect all fittings and tubing.
5. Oil cooler.
a. Inspect exterior for paint damage.

b. Inspect brackets for cracks and paint damage.
c. Inspect all fittings and tubing.
AIRFRAME
1. Remove access door on right side just forward of
tailboom.
3 0—10—00
30—19/30—20
REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
2. Tailboom attach fittings.
a. Inspect fittings in tailboorn and in fuselage.
b. Inspect around bolts and rivets.
c. Make sure drain holes are open.
3. Tailboom interior (forward).
a. Inspect tailboom and fuselage ring for

evidence of corrosion.
b. Inspect for evidence of wear and corrosion on

tail rotor control tube.
4. Tailboom interior (aft). Inspect vertical fin

supports and inside of tailboom for cracks, corrosion, etc.
5. Inspect fuselage longerons on each side of engine
pan for evidence of corrosion.
6. Inspect horizontal stabilizer top surface for
delamination of bonded joints and hardware.
7. Inspect vertical fin for delamination and security

of four attach inserts.
8. Cabin interior.
a. Inspect floors and bulkheads for evidence of

bondline corrosion. Remove debris.
b. Inspect rivets and other fasteners.

LANDING GEAR
1. Remove landing gear fairings.
2. Crosstubes (forward and aft).
a. Inspect for paint damage.

b. Inspect the areas around the straps and
saddles for evidence of galvanic action.
30-10-00
30—21/30—22
REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
C. Inspect all fastener heads.
d. Inspect all steps and attachments.
3. Skid tubes.
a. Inspect for pitting where paint is damaged.
b. Inspect for cracks around fasteners.
4. Skid pans (pop—out floats).
a. Inspect for edge voids in bonded joints.

b. Inspect fasteners.
5. Inspect float inflation lines (pop-out floats)
each 180 days. Inspect for corrosion in end fitting and con-
dition of lines.
FUNGUS
Inspect the following for fungus:

1. Under the seats.
2. In the baggage compartment.
3. Under the baggage compartment floor. (This is an

extremely bad area.)
4. In the tailboom.
5. The control rod compartment (broom closet) and (if

applicable) between the aft facing seats.
6. Behind the hat box.
7. In the console access under the nose.
8. In float covers.
9. In the doors.
30—10—00
3 0—2 3/3 0—24
REGISTRATION NO.
— INITIAL
30-6. MEDIUM HELICOPTERS
The rotor systems used on medium helicopters vary from model
to model Both metal and composite blades are used. The hub
assemblies vary from spindles, grips, bearings, and drag
braces to flexures and elastomeric bearings, to combinations
of both systems.
Some helicopters are equipped with skid gear; others are

equipped with wheeled gear. Due to configuration differences,
all items listed in the following inspection recommendations
do not apply to all helicopters. Use only those that are
applicable.
30-7. VISUAL CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDE

This guide provides a checklist for those parts or surfaces
which can be visually inspected without disassembly of the
helicopter. These inspections should be accomplished in con-
junction with other required preventive maintenance.
MAIN ROTOR BLADE
1. Overall finish. Inspect both upper and lower sur-
faces for damage to finish and evidence of corrosion on or
around metal parts.
2. Inspect blade tips, leading edge, trailing edge,

trim tabs, adjacent areas and doublers (as applicable) for
corrosion products and evidence of trapped liquid in blade
cavities.
3. Refer to applicable maintenance manual for addi-

tional inspections and for preventive maintenance instructions.
MAIN ROTOR HUB ASSEMBLY

1. Inspect grips or spindles for damage to finish.
Check around blade retention bolt heads and nuts and drag
brace bolts for corrosion products. Appl CPC as needed.
2. Inspect drag brace for damage to finish and removal
of protective compounds. Apply CPC as required.
3. Pitch horn. Inspect area around attaching bolts
pitting and corrosion products.
30-20-00
30—2 5/30—2 6
REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
4. Inspect flexure for paint damage. Touch up any
damaged areas.
5. Inspect flapping springs (when applicable) for
corrosion. Apply CPC as required.
6. Inspect elastomeric bearing metal parts finish for
damage and corrosion. Be certain elastomeric material is free
from CPC or other contaminants.
STABILIZER (If Installed)
1. Frames. Inspect inner and outer surfaces for pit—

ting. Pay particular attention to the areas around attaching
parts.
2. Mixing levers. Inspect all surfaces for evidence

of corrosion. Pay particular attention to area around any
attaching parts.
3. Control tubes and pitch change links. Inspect
finish and sealant for damage. Inspect for removal of corro—
sion preventive compounds. Apply CPC as needed.
4. Inspect hub for evidence of corrosion. Apply CPC

as required.
5. Inspect pitch horn finish and area around attaching

bolts for evidence of corrosion. Apply CPC as required.
PYLON AND MAST ASSEMBLY

1. Scissors and sleeve. Inspect boot for wear or
damage. Inspect scissors and links for corrosion.
2. Swashplate assembly. Inspect control lugs on both
inner and outer ring for corrosion products. Apply CPC as
needed.
Mast.
3. Inspect for damage to plating. Inspect
splines for removal of CPC. Apply CPC as needed.
FLIGHT CONTROLS (ROTATING)
1. Control tubes. Inspect for damage to paint and

sealant. Look closely at ends for cracked adhesive or sealant.
30—20—00
3 0—2 7/30—28
REGISTRATION NO.
- -- - - INITIAL
2. Rod ends, devises, and bolts. Inspect for removal
of corrosion preventive compounds and evidence of corrosion.
Apply CPC as needed.
TAIL ROTOR BLADES
1. Tip. Inspect for damage to paint and for edge
voids and evidence of corrosion between tip block and skin.
2. Body. Inspect for nicks, scratches, and other
paint damage.
3. Butt.
Inspect around doublers and grip pad for
edge voids. Inspect around bolt holes and inner grip plate
TAIL ROTOR HUB ASSEMBLY AND FLIGHT CONTROLS
1. Inspect visible area for damage or rust

Yoke.
spots. Inspect all attaching hardware for corrosion. Apply
CPC as required.
2. Pitch and counterweight links. Inspect bearings,

rod ends, and other surfaces for pitting and corrosion prod—
ucts. Apply CPC as required.
3. Pitch horn. Inspect around attaching points for
evidence of corrosion. Apply CPC as required.
4. Tail rotor gearbox. Inspect lugs where tail rotor
pitch control attaches for damage to paint. Inspect overall
for damaged paint or sealant. Pay special attention to attach-
ing parts.
LANDING GEAR - SKID
1. Crosstubes. Inspect for chips, nicks, blisters,
and other paint damage. Inspect sealant around supports for
breaks or peeling.
2. Inspect skid tubes for paint damage. Inspect area

of skid shoe attachment for abrasion, fretting, and evidence
of corrosion.
30—20—00
30—29/30—30
REGISTRATION NO
INITIAL
LANDING GEAR - WHEEL
1. Inspect wheels, struts, and attaching hardware for
damage to finish and evidence of corrosion. Repair finish and
apply CPC as needed.
2. Inspect brakes and plumbing for evidence of corro—

sion. Apply CPC as needed.
3. (For retractable gear only.) Inspect retraction
mechanism, plumbing, and wheel wells for damage to finish and
evidence of corroSion. Apply CPC as needed.
FUSELAGE EXTERIOR SURFACES
Inspect for nicks, chips, blisters, and other signs of paint

damage. Look closely at seams, joints, edges, drain holes,
and fastener heads for finish damage and signs of corrosion.
Maintain as needed.
COWLINGS AND COVERS

1. Inspect latches and hinges for evidence of corro—
sion.
2. Inspect surface finish for evidence of corrosion,

paying particular attention to seam, edges, and riveted or
spot-welded joints.
BAGGAGE AND EQUIPMENT COMPARTMENTS
1. Inspect door latches and hinges for evidence of

corrosion.
2. Inspect condition of compartments for evidence of

corrosion or fungus. Remove debris, dirt, sand, etc.
Inspect hinges, latches, and escape panel seals for contamina-

tion and indications of corrosion.
STEPS
Inspect hinges and around seals for evidence of corrosion.

Maintain as required.
30—20—00
30—31/30—32
REGISTRATION NO.
-
INITIAL
NOSE
1. Battery compartment. Check for corrosion and

electrolyte spillage.
2. External power receptacle. Inspect for corrosion
on receptacle and around access.
3. Windshield wiper arms and blades. Inspect for
corrosion products.
4. Nose ddor latches. Inspect for corrosion and edge

voids in door around latches.
AIRFRAME UNDERBODY
1. General. Make sure all drain holes are open. In—

spect for edge voids in bonded and sealed joints.
2. Hard points. Inspect for rust on jack points and
tiedowns. Apply CPC as required.
3. Landing lights and anti-collision lights. Inspect
for corrosion products and entrapped water.
4. Antennas. Inspect area around antennas for corro—

sion products.
CABIN INTERIOR
1. Cyclic and collective sticks. Inspect hardware

and general condition of sticks.
2. Pedals and support. Inspect for chipped paint and

corrosion.
3. Seats and supports. Inspect for damage to protec-

tive coatings and for corrosion products.
4. Floors. Inspect general floor area, fastener

heads, and areas where water could be trapped (corners, low
spots, etc.). Inspect sealant at joints and seams. Inspect
cargo tiedowns. Remove residue, sand, soil, etc.
30-20-00
30—3 3/3 0—3 4
REGISTRATION NO.
-
INITIAL
FUSELAGE EXTERIOR SURFACES
Inspect for nicks, chips, blisters, and other signs of paint

damage. Look closely at seams, joints, edges, drain holes,
and fastener heads for finish damage and signs of corrosion.
Maintain as needed.
COWLINGS AND COVERS
1. Inspect latches and hinges for evidence of corro-

sion.
2. Inspect surface finish for evidence of corrosion,

paying particular attention to seam, edges, and riveted or
spot-welded joints.
BAGGAGE AND EQUIPMENT COMPARTMENTS
1. Inspect door latches and hinges for evidence of

corrosion.
2. Inspect condition of compartments for evidence of

corrosion or fungus. Remove debris, dirt, sand, etc.
Inspect hinges, latches, and escape panel seals for contamina-

tion and indications of corrosion.
STEPS
Inspect hinges and around seals for evidence of corrosion.

Maintain as required.
TAILBOOM
1. Vertical fin. Inspect finish and splice joints for
evidence of corrosion. Inspect overall for paint damage. In—
spect tail skid and attaching hardware for corrosion products.
2. Elevator. Inspect upper and lower surfaces for
damage to paint. Inspect trailing edge, inboard and outboard
ends, for damage to sealant. Inspect spar in the areas adja-
cent to the tailboom for corrosion products, pitting, and
cracks.
30—20—00
3 0—3 5/30—36
REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
3. Inspect bottom skin for evidence of corrosion
around drain holes, rivet heads, and seams. Make sure drain
holes are open.
4. Tail rotor driveshaft cover. Inspect hinges and
fasteners for corrosion products.
5. Inspect antenna finish and adjacent area.

6. Inspect fairings for evidence of water entrapment,
worn paint, and corrosion.
30—20—00
3 0—37/30—38
MEDIUM HELICOPTERS 100-HOUR OR 90-DAY CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDE
REGISTRATION NO. __________
INITIAL
This inspection to be accomplished each 100 hours or 90 days
(whichever occurs first).
30-8. 100-HOUR AND/OR 90-DAY VISUAL CORROSION INSPECTION

GUIDE
GENERAL
1. Perform visual corrosion inspection in conjunction
with this inspection.
2. Open or remove engine and transmission cowling and

tail rotor driveshaft cover.
3. Open access doors and panels.

MAIN ROTOR AREA
1. Blades. Perform cleaning and maintenance in ac—
cordance with maintenance manual and inspect as follows:
a. Inspect edges and tips of doublers, trailing

edge, and around trim tab for evidence of edge voids.
b. Inspect around weight pockets, tip cap, and

butt end for evidence of corrosion.
c. Inspect along the aft edge of the abrasion

strip for edge voids.
d. Inspect scarf joints on abrasion strip for re—
moval of filler material and for voids.
e. Inspect entire blade skin for evidence of

chipped paint and corrosion.
2. Main rotor head.
a. Inspect trunnion for damage to plating.

In-
spect pillow blocks and flapping springs for damage. Inspect
area where pillow blocks attach for corrosion products and
condition of sealant.
b. Inspect flexures, spindles, or hub and attach-

ments for damage to finish and corrosion products.
30—20—00
30—39/30—40

REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
C. Inspect static stops and attaching area. Apply

CPC as required.
d. Inspect all attaching hardware. Apply CPC as
required.
3. Stabilizer bar (if so equipped).
a. Inspect outer tubes for rust spots or other

evidence of damage to paint or plating.
b. Inspect support around attaching bolts for cor—

rosion products. Apply CPC as required.
c. Inspect damper body, lever arms, adapter, and

attachment hardware. Pay particular attention to the splines
and fasteners. Apply CPC as required.
MAIN ROTOR MAST

1. Mast body. Inspect for damage to cadmium plated
areas. Apply CPC as required.
2. Splines. Inspect for corrosion products. Apply
CPC as required.
3. Static stop contact area. Inspect for pitting and

corrosion products if plating has been damaged. Apply paint
or CPC as required.
PYLON
1. Swashplate assembly. Inspect both inner and outer

rings for damage to protective finish and for corrosion prod-
ucts. Pay particular attention to attaching parts.
2. Rotating controls. Inspect all surfaces for
damage to protective finishes and for corrosion products.
3. Tubes. Inspect for damage to sealant or adhesive
at ends. Inspect body of tubes for pitting and cracks.
4. Rod ends, devises, bolts, etc. Inspect for
damage to plating or other finish, evidence of fretting,
pitting. Apply CPC as needed.
30-20-- 00
30—41/30—42
- --
INITIAL
PYLON MOUNTS
1. Inspect mounts for damage and evidence of contami—
nation or corrosion. Inspect boots where applicable.
2. Inspect support fittings and fitting attachment

for evidence of cracks or corrosion.
3. Inspect dampers and restraints for evidence of

corrosion.
4. Nodal beam (if applicable). Inspect all nodal

beam supports, arms, flexures, and elastomeric bearings/
dampers for evidence of damage, deterioration, and corrosion.
TRANSMISSION ( SEMI-RIGID MOUNTING)
1. Bellcranks and supports. Inspect for corrosion
products around bearings and attaching parts.
2. Boost cylinder supports. Inspect boots for wear
and damage. Inspect bearing housings.
3. Top case. Inspect top case and bearing retainer
for damage to protective finish and for corrosion products.
Pay particular attention around bolt heads and other fasten-
ers.
4. Main case. Inspect cases and attachments for

damage to sealant and finish.
5. Support case. Inspect case for damage to finish.
Pay special attention to areas around main mounts, fifth
mount, and lift link lugs.
6. Main driveshaft. Inspect shaft and couplings for

damage to finish.
TRANSMISSION (NODAL BEAM MOUNTING)
1. Mounts and supports. Inspect for corrosion prod-

ucts around bearings and attaching parts.
2. Boost cylinder supports. Inspect boots for wear

and damage. Inspect bearing housings.
30—20—00
3 0—4 3/3 0—44

REGISTRATION NO.
—
INITIAL
3. Top case. Inspect top case and bearing retainer

for damage to protective finish and for corrosion products.
Pay particular attention around bolt heads and other fasten-
ers.
4. Main case. Inspect cases and attachments for

damage to sealant and finish.
5. Main driveshaft. Inspect shafts and couplings for
damage to finish.
6. Combining gearbox and gearbox mounts. Inspect
for evidence of corrosion.
FLIGHT CONTROLS (ABOVE ROOF)
1. Collective and cyclic. Inspect all control tubes

for damage to finish and sealant. Inspect all bellcranks,
supports, and adjacent structure for corrosion products or
other evidence of damage. Inspect hardware for evidence of
corrosion products. Apply CPC as required.
2. Elevator controls. Inspect control tubes, bell—

cranks, and brackets. Pay particular attention to adjustable
rod ends and attaching hardware.
CABIN WELL AREA

1.General. Inspect control tubes, bellcranks, sup—
ports, and adjacent structure for damage to organic finish.
2.Plumbing and electrical. Inspect all plumbing
and wire bundles for evidence of wear and corrosion.
3.Boost cylinders and supports. Inspect for evidence

of corrosion products. (May be above roof on some models.)
4.Transmission. Inspect bottom case, lift link, and

supporting structure. Pay particular attention to attaching
parts. Apply CPC as required.
5. Transmission restraint. Inspect elastomeric spring
restraints for corrosion products. Pay particular attention
to attaching parts and brackets. (Restraints may be on roof.)
30—20—00
30—4 5/30—46
MEDIUM HELICOPTERS 100—HOUR OR 90-DAY CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDE
REGISTRATION NO.
-
INITIAL
ENGINE COMPARTMENT
1. Engine mounts. Inspect mounts and attaching hard—
ware for damage to finish and evidence of corrosion.
2. Engine controls. Inspect rods, rod ends, jack—

shafts, bellcranks, and mounting brackets, for damage to
finish and evidence of corrosion.
3. Engine electrical. Inspect connectors, wire

bundle supports, components, and mountings for damage to
finish and evidence of corrosion.
4. Engine, additional. See engine manufacturers ser—

vice manual for additional areas of inspection.
5. Cowling and covers. Inspect all latches, brackets,

hinges, etc., for evidence of corrosion. Pay particular at—
tention to rivet heads and other fasteners.
6. Firewalls. Inspect gaskets and seals for damage.

Inspect attaching points for evidence of corrosion on firewall
or adjacent structure.
7. Oil cooler. Inspect cooler and attaching structure
for damage to finish and evidence of corrosion.
8. Plumbing. Inspect all plumbing lines and fittings

for pitting and corrosion products.
TAIL ROTOR DRIVE SYSTEM

1. Tail rotor driveshafts. Inspect body of shafts,
couplings, and clamps for damage to finish.
2. Intermediate and tail rotor gearboxes. Inspect
for damage to finish and sealant. Pay particular attention
to attaching parts.
3. Bearing hangers. Inspect bearings, hangers, and

attaching hardware for evidence of corrosion.
4. Tail rotor blades. Inspect for damage to finish.
Inspect edges of all bonded joints for evidence of voids and
corrosion. Ensure tip block to skin joint is sealed.
30—20—00
30—4 7/30—48
REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
5. Other components. Check crosshead, pitch change
controls, hub, trunnion, etc., for damage to finish and evi—
dence of corrosion.
TAILBOOM
1. Interior.
a. Inspect all inside surfaces for evidence of

water entrapment, corrosion products, and damage to sealant
or primer. Pay particular attention to joints, splices, and
fittings. Inspect tailboom attach fittings.
b. Inspect tail rotor and elevator controls. Pay
particular attention to the elevator horn.
c. Electrical, pneumatic, and plumbing (if in-
stalled). Inspect reservoirs, plumbing lines, wire bundles,
and related equipment and supporting structure for evidence
of corrosion.
2. Exterior.
a. Inspect for damage to sealant and finish.
Look for evidence of corrosion at seams and joints and around
fastener heads.
b. Inspect sealing and abrasion provisions around

compartment doors.
c. Inspect attachments for and external storage

area for evidence of corrosion and water entrapment.
FUSELAGE
1. Aft section (interior).
a. Inspect all compartments for evidence of water

entrapment and damage to finish.
b. Inspect all hardware--electrical, hydraulic,
control system, heaters, etc., for evidence of corrosion and
interference.
2. Underbody and under cabin floor.
30-20-00
30—49/3 0—50

REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
a. Inspect for filiform corrosion at fastener
heads, around drain holes, and at other edges. Inspect paint
for nicks, chips, blisters, etc.
b. Inspect control tubes, bellcranks, supports,

and adjacent structure for damage to organic finish.
c. Inspect for damage to finish and sealant.
Make sure all drain holes are open. Pay particular attention
to edges of joints and seams and around fastener heads.
d. Inspect all plumbing lines and wire bundles

for evidence of wear and corrosion.
Inspect all hardware in the cabin well. Pay

e.
particular attention to cyclic and collective control sup-
ports, lift link, and fifth mount and pylon supports.
f. Inspect antenna finish. Inspect adjacent

areas for skin corrosion around rivet heads.
g. Inspect crosstubes and attaching points for

damage to finish and sealant.
3. Nose. Inspect avionic and electrical equipment

for damage to finish. Pay special attention to mounts and
attaching hardware. Examine connectors, brackets, and bus
bars for evidence of corrosion at wire terminals.
a. Inspect nitrogen bottle and related plumbing,

if so equipped.
b. Inspect nose door hinges, latches, and seals

for damage.
4. Roof. Inspect overall for damage to finish and

sealant. Pay particular attention around antenna, lights,
and other attachments.
CREW AND PASSENGER COMPARTMENT

1. Floors. Inspect all joints and seams, cargo tie—
downs, and other areas where water and corrosion fluids could
be trapped. Look for evidence of corrosion products, delami-
nation of bonded joints, and deterioration of sealant.
Remove soil, salt, and other residue.
30—20—00
30—51/30—52
INITIAL
2. Bulkheads, doorpost, and overhead. Inspect for
evidence of moisture entrapment behind sound deadening blan-
kets. Pay particular attention to electrical equipment and
attaching hardware.
3. Pilot area. Inspect seats, collective and cyclic
sticks, pedals, and supports for damage to finish and for
evidence of corrosion.
4. Instrument panel and console pedestal. Inspect

instruments, avionic and electrical equipment, and supporting
structure for evidence of corrosion and damage to finish.
FLIGHT CONTROLS
1. Inspect collective jackshaft, control assembly,

and related hardware for damage to finish and evidence of
corrosion products.
2. Inspect cyclic force gradients, mixing levers,

bellcranks, control tubes, and related hardware for evidence
of corrosion.
3. Inspect anti-torque force gradient (rotary actua-

tor), pedal adjuster, and related hardware for evidence of
damage to finish and corrosion products.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
1. Reservoirs. Inspect for damage to finish and cor—
rosion products. Pay particular attention to attaching hard-
ware.
2. Pump. Inspect for damage to finish.

3. Plumbing lines. Inspect lines for damage and
pitting. Pay particular attention at fittings, bends, and
where tubes pass through bulkheads, clamps, or brackets.
4. Related hardware. Inspect fittings, accumulators,

check valves, etc., for damage and corrosion products.
FUNGUS
Inspect for fungus in the following areas:
30—20—00
3 0—5 3/30—5 4
MEDIUM HELICOPTERS 100—HOUR OR 90-DAY CORROSION INSPECTION GUIDE
REGISTRATION NO.
INITIAL
1. Tn the nose.
2. Under the floor.

3. Behind sound deadening on the bulkheads and over-
head.
4. In closed compartments.
5. In the tailboom.
6. In the baggage compartment.
7. In some cowlings.
8. In float covers.
9. In the doors.
10. Under and behind auxiliary tanks.
30—20—00
30—5 5/3 0—5 6
CONSUMABLE MATERIALS
Consumable materials used in corrosion control are listed and

described in table C-1. The table is presented in nine sections
as follows:
Letter Title
A .............. Abrasives
B .............. Chemical Coating Materials
C .............. Chemical Treatment Materials
D .............. Cleaning Compounds
E .............. Corrosion Preventive Compounds
F .............. Masking Materials
G .............. Paint Removers
H .............. Solvents
I .............. Equipment
CONSUMABLE -1/-2
Table C-l. Consumable Materials
ABRASIVES
Item Specification
No. Nomenclature (Designation) Acceptable Source Description and Intended Use
A- 1 Abrasive Mats MIL-A-9962 3M Co. Aluminum oxide impregnated

Nonwoven Scotchbrite 3M Center nylon webbing used for re-
Very Fine or St. Paul, MN moval of corrosion products,
Fine 55101 paint scuffing and general
cleaning of metal surfaces.
May be used on any metal.
Flexbac Fabric Carborundum

Mineral A Coated Abrasives
Fine Grit Division
P. 0. Box 337
Niagara Falls, NY
14302
A-2 Cloth, Abrasive P-C-458 Commercia1 Cloth coated with ferric

Ferric Oxide and (Crocus Cloth) (iron) oxide - Used for
Quartz polishing steel surfaces.
CAUTION: DO NOT USE ON

ALUMINUM, MAGNESIUM, STAIN-
LESS STEEL, OR TITANIUM
A-3 Paper, Abrasive, P-C-451 Commercial Paper or cloth coated with

Aluminum Oxide Type I aluminum oxide abrasive -
80, 180, 320, used to clean up corroded
400 & 600 grit areas, remove paint, blend
and polish surfaces. May
be used on any metal.
A-4 Paper, Abrasive, P-C-45l Commercia1 Paper or cloth coated with

Silicon Carbide 80, 180, 320, silicon carbide abrasive -
400 & 600 grit used to clean up corroded
areas, remove paint, blend
or polish surfaces of steel
parts.

ALUMINUM OR MAGNESIUM.
A-S Steel Wool Fine Grade Commercial Steel fibers used to remove
corrosion products, paint or
contamination from steel
surfaces.

ALUMINUM, MAGNESIUM, STAIN-
LESS STEEL, OR TITANIUM
SURFACES.
CONSUMABLE -3
Table C-l. Consumable Materials
ABRASIVES (continued)
Item Specification
No. Nomenclature -
(Designation) Acceptable Source Description and Intended Use
A-6 AluminumWool MIL-A-4864 Commercial Aluminum fibers used to re-

Fine or Medium move corrosion products,
paint or contamination from
any metal surface.
A-7 Abrasive, Dry Aluminum Oxide Commercial A cutting abrasive for remov-
Blasting 80, 100, 180 ing corrosion products and
grit or Garnet deteriorated metal from any
80, 100, 180 surface. May cause excessive
grit metal removal, warping, and
undesirable surface rough-
ness.
A-8 Abrasive, Wet Quartz Commercial A cutting abrasive. When

Blasting 3/0 or 140 grit used wet it is less likely
to cause excess metal removal
than dry blasting. May be
used on any metal.
A-9 Glass Beads MIL-G-9954 Commercial A cleaning (non-cutting)

Size 11, 12, or media. Glass beads do not
13 normally remove excess meta.
or produce a drastic change
in surface roughness. May
be used on any metal.
CAUTION: HIGH PRESSURE AND!

OR LONG DWELL TIMES CAN BE
DAMAGING.
NOTE: Use equipment manufac-

turer's recommended pressure,
not to exceed 40 to 50 PSE
maximum for aluminum/mag-
nesium parts.
A-1O Stone, Sharpening India Stone, Commercial An abrasive "stone" for use
Aluminum Oxide in hand polishing close
or Silicon Car- tolerance steel surfaces.
bide (Fine-
Course Grit
Combmat ion)
CONSUMABLE -4
Table C-i. Consumable Materials (continued)
CHEMICAL COATING MATERIALS

Item Specification
B-i Chemical Film MIL-C-554l or Commercial A chemical solution which

Treatment for MIL-C-8 1706 produces a good iridescent
Aluminum to brown coating on aluminum
alloys. This coating pro-
vides corrosion protection
and a base for paint finishes
B-2 Dow #19 (Treat- MIL-M-3171 Make up from Make up as follows:

Chromic Acid - Chromic Acid 1-1/3 oz or
ment for Magne- Type VI 10
sium) Item
Item C2 and Cal- grams
cium Sulfate - Calcium Sulfate 1 oz or 7.5
Item
Item B3
B3 grams
Water - 1 gal or 1 liter
NOTE: Calcium Sulfate will

not completely dissolve.
B-3 Calcium Sulfate Technical or CP Commercial

Grade
B-4 Brush Cadmium MIL-STD-865 Selectronics Ltd A chemical solution which

Plating Solution Selectron 226 East 16th St. must be used to replate areas
Cadmium LHE New York, NY 10003 of cadmium plated parts where
(SPS 5070) the plating has been damaged
or removed. Equipment and
Dalic No-Bake Meta Dalic Ltd procedures recommended by the
2023 Black Foreign Rd., solution supplier must be
Towley Estate used for application of cad-
CDN.Brook mium coatings.
Buckinshire,
5L3-O-AW, England
Contact:
Denis Burns or
Roger Clark
Phone:
CDBROOK-2981-4
Dalic S.A.
29 RUE DAREAN
Paris, France
75014
Contact: Madam
Elizabeth Bodet
Phone: 33(1)-
707033079 PLUS
Sifco Selective
Plating Div.
Sifco Ind., Inc.
5708 Schaaf Rd.
Cleveland. OH 4413
CONSUMABLE -

I
CHEMICAL COATING MATERIALS
Item Specification
Nomenclature (Designation) Acceptable Source Description and Intended Use
Dalic Cadmium Sifco Metachemical

code 2023 Division
Sifco md., Inc.
5708 Schaaf Rd.
Cleveland, OH
44131
B-S Chromate Conver- Macro Bronze 4 MacDermid, Inc. A chemical used to prepare
sion Coating for 50 Brookside Rd. solutions for applying a
Cadmium Waterbury, CT chromate treatment to cadmium
06720 plated surfaces.
Indite 8P Allied Kelite

2400 E. Devon Ave.
Des Plaines, IL
60018
B-6 Zinc Phosphate Turco 6514 or Turco Products A chemical used to prepare
Turco 4333 Industrial Div. of solutions for applying a
Pennwalt Corp. phosphate surface.
24600 5. Main
Carson, CA 90744
CONSUMABLE -6
CHEMICAL TREATMENT MATERIALS

Item Specification
No. Nomenclature (Designation) Acceptable Source Description andlntended Use
C-i Alcoholic Turco W.O. #1 Turco Products An alcoholic phosphoric acid

Phosphoric Acid Industrial Div. of material for chemical removal
Pennwalt Corp. of corrosion products from
24600 5. Main St. steel, aluminum, and stain-
Carson, CA 90745 less steel surfaces.

MAGNESIUM.
C-2 Chromic Acid O-C-3O3b Commercial A flake (or powder) to be

(Chromium Triox- added to water to make
ide) chromic acid solutions for
use in removing corrosion
products from magnesium. (A
lO7 solution may also be used
as a prepaint treatment for
aluminum when chemical film
is not available.)
CONSUMABLE -7
Table C-l. Consumable Materials (continued)
CLEANING COMPOUNDS
Item Specification
Cleaning Com- MIL-C-87 936 An alkaline based cleaner

ALK 600 for removing light soils and
pounds
Alkaline non-oily soils from painted
Waterbase surfaces and metal surfaces.
Airtec 23 Turco Products

Industrial Div. of
Pennwalt Corp.
24600 5. Main St.
Carson, CA 90744
Fleetline JC-5 Oakite Prod., Inc.

50 Valley Rd.
Berkley Hts., NJ
07922
Nu-Spec 1 MSCI Ltd.

6935 W. 62nd St.
Chicago, IL 60638
D-2 Cleaning Com- MIL-C-436 16 A compound for use in remov-

pounds ing soils from painted and
Aircraft B&B 2020 B&B Chemical Co. metal surfaces for general
Surface 875 W. 20th St. purpose and foam application.
Hialeah, FL 33010
ED 366 Eldorado Chemical

ED 394 Company
6700 Lookout Rd.
P. 0. Box 32101
San Antonio, TX
78216
Turco 5975 Turco Products

Industrial Div. of
Pennwalt Corp.
24600 5. Main
Carson, CA 90744
Oakite 2l4M Oakite Prod., Inc.

50 Valley Rd.
Berkley Hts., NJ
07922
PPW-21 Par-Chem Prod. Inc

6339-B Beverly
Hills
Houston, TX 77054
CONSUMABLE -8
CORROSION PREVENTIVE COMPOUNDS

Item Specification
E- 1 Corrosion Preven- MIL-C- 16173 Commercial Grade 1 - A preservative

tive Compound, Grade 1 compound which forms a hard
Solvent Cutback, film for protection of any
Cold Application metal surfaces.
E-2 Grade 2 Grade 2 - A preservative

compound which forms a soft
film (nondrying) for use on
adjustable threads, etc.
CAUTION: THESE MATERIALS

NAY BE REMOVED FROM EXPOSED
SURFACES WHEN THE HELICOPTER
IS OPERATED IN RAIN. IN-
SPECT FREQUENTLY AND RECOAT
AS NECESSARY.
E-3 Grade 4 Grade 4 - A preservative

compound which forms a thin,
transparent film for tempo-
rary protection. Grades 1
and 2 may also be used for
temporary protection.
E-4 Corrosion Preven- NIL-C-ll796 A compound which may be

tive Compound, Class 3 applied by brushing or by
Petrolatum Hot dipping when heated. It
Application forms a soft film (nondry-
ing) which is easily remov-
able at room temperature.
E-5 Corrosion Preven- WD-4O Commercial or A solvent dispersed corro-

tive Compound, WD-4O Company sion preventive compound
Clear (Aerosol or 5390 Napa St. which forms a thin film for
Bulk) San Diego, CA temporary protection on sur-
92110 faces which can be recoated
frequently. Should not be
sprayed on windows, wind-
shields, or rubber parts.
E-6 Fingerprint NIL-C- 15074 Commercia1 A solvent which may be used

Remover for removal of fingerprints
from parts such as gears,
bearings, etc.
E-7 Wax, Aircraft MIL-W- 18723 Commercial or For waxing painted surfaces
Waterproof Simonize Co. to aid in waterproofing and
2100 S. Indiana to improve visual appear-
Avenue ance.
Chicago, IL 60616
CONSUMABLE -9
CORROSION PREVENTIVE COMPOUNDS

Item Specification
E-8 Corrosion Preven- MIL-C-l6l73 Commercial A water displacing oil which

Grade 3 leaves a thin soft protective
tive, Water Dis-
film.
placing, Soft
Film
E-9 Corrosion Preven- MIL-C-8l3O9 Commercial A water displacing compound

tive Compound, which leaves a protective
Water Displacing, film.
Ultra Thin
CONSUMABLE -10
MASKING MATERIALS
Item Specification
-
F-l Tape, Masking 3M No. 232 3M Company General purpose masking

General Purpose 3M Center
St. Paul, MN 55133 CAUTION: DO NOT USE ON WIND-
SHIELDS, WINDOWS, OR OTHER
Norton No. 441 Norton Co. PLASTIC SURFACES (SEE ITEM
4085 Brigham F-3
F-3).
St. Louis, MO
63116
F-2 Tape, Masking 3M No. 470 3M Company For use in masking surface
Vinyl Plastic 3M Center for sand blast, glass bead
St. Paul, MN 55133 cleaning, plating, etc.
F-3 Tape, Masking 3M No. 670 3M Company For use in masking wind-
Acrylic Plastic 3M Center shields, windows, and other
St. Paul, MN 55133 plastic surfaces.
F-4 Tape, Masking 3M No. 9419 3M Company For masking when polyurethan
Polyurethane 3M Center paints are being applied.
Painting St. Paul, MN 55133 These tapes prevent bleed
under of polyurethane paints.
Norton X-ll7O Norton Co.
4085 Brigham
St. Louis, MO
63116
Mystic 6341 Mystic Tape Div.

Borden Inc.
1700 Winnetka Ave.
Northfield, IL
60093
F- Paper, Kraft 3M No. 471 3M Company For protection of surround-

3M Center ing areas when painting or
St. Paul, MN 55133 cleaning.
CONSUMABLE -11
PAINT REMOVERS
Item Specification
G-i Remover, Paint an MIL-R-25 134 A general purpose stripper

Lacquer, Solvent for removing aikyd enamel
Type Eldorado PR-3400 Eldorado Chemical and lacquer.
Co., Inc.
P. 0. Box 32101 CAUTION: NOT FOR USE ON
San Antonio, TX MAGNESIUM.
78216
Turco 4960-8 Turco Products

Industrial Div. of
Pennwalt Corp.
24600 5. Main St.
Carson, CA 90744
Pennwalt 19B-l Pennwalt Corp.

Chemical Special-
ties Div.
Three Parkway
Philadelphia, PA
19020
B&B 1776 B&B Chemical Co.,

Inc.
875 W. 20th St.
Hialeah, FL 33010
G-2 Remover, Epoxy MIL-R-81294 An alkaline type material

Alkaline Type B&B 1617 for removing epoxy and
B&B 1567C (See Above) urethane coatings.
Turco 5469 (See Above) NOTE: May be used on

Turco 5981 magnesium.
Eldorado PR-3444 (See Above)

Eldorado PR-3500
Eldorado PR-3505
G-3 Remover, Acid Typ Eldorado PR-4000 (See Above) Acid type materials for use
in removing epoxy and ure-
Deichem 2236A Pennwalt Corp. thane coatings.
Chemical Special-
ties Div. CAUTION: DO NOT USE ON HIGH
Three Parkway STRENGTH STEEL. TIME LIMIT
Philadelphia, PA ON OTHER MATERIALS NOT TO
19020 EXCEED 30 MINUTES.
CONSUMABLE -12
SOLVENTS
Item Specification
Nomenclature (Designation) Acceptable Source Description andlntended Use
H-l Methyl-Ethyl- TT-M-26l Commercial A strong solvent used for

Ketone (MEK) stripping lacquer and clean-
ing parts.
CAUTION: DO NOT ALLOW MEK

TO CONTACT WINDSHIELD, WIN-
DOWS, OR OTHER PLASTIC PARTS.
H-2 Naphtha, TT-N-95B Commercial A good general purpose sol-

Al iphatic Type II vent for cleaning painted
and unpainted surfaces.
H-3 Stoddard Solvent P-D-680 Commercial A good general purpose sol-

(Dry Cleaning vent for removal of oily
Solvent) soils--leaves a slight film
on the surface. Not suitable
for use prior to painting.
H-4 Solvent, Cleaning P-S-661 Commercial Same as above.
H-S Safety Solvent O-T-620 Dow Chemical Co. Chlorinated hydrocarbon sol-
(1.1.1 Trichlor— Chlorothene Midland, MI 48640 vent which is good for gene-
ethane, Inhibi- ral purpose removal of oily
ted) Vythene Tect, Inc. soils. Will not harm pain-
Dumont, NJ 07628 ted surfaces.
Tri-E- thane PPG Co. The material is nonflammable.

Chemical Div. However, these materials
Pittsburgh, PA will swell rubber.
15222
CAUTION: DO NOT USE ON RUB-
Ethyl, Stabili- Ethyl Corp. BER SEALS, GASKETS, "0"
zer 1.1.1 Ind Chem Div. RINGS, OR ON PARTS COATED
Trichloroethane New York, NY 10017 WITH RUBBER OR URETHANE.
H-6 Toluene TT-T-548 Commercia1 A medium strong solvent

usually used as a thinner
for zinc chromate primer.
May be used to remove oily
soils.
CAUTION: DO NOT ALLOW

TOLUENE TO CONTACT WIND-
SHIELDS, WINDOWS, OR OTHER
PLASTIC PARTS.
CONSUMABLE -13

—
- SOLVENTS
Item Specification
H-7 Solvents, Vapor O-T-634 Dow Chemical Co. For use in vapor degreasers
Type II Midland MI 48642 for removal of oils and
Degreas ing
Trichloroethy- Dupont Inc. grease.
lene Wilmington, DE
i9898
O-T-236
Perchioroethy-
lene
Isopropyl TT-I-735A Ashland Chemical For use in treating fungus.

Alcohol 997 Grade B Company
P. 0. Box 22i9
Columbus, OH 432i6
McKesson Chem. Co.

1 Post St.
San Francisco, CA
94104
Shell Chem. Co.

One Shell Plaza
Houston, TX
77001
CONSUMABLE -14
Table C-l. Consumable Materials (concluded)
EQUIPMENT
Item Specification
1-1 Abrasive Wheel 3M Tycro 3M Company An aluminum oxide impregna-

3M Center ted web used for removing
St. Paul, MN 55133 corrosion products from any
metal.
1-2 Wire Brush H-B-771 Commercia1 Removal of corrosion products

(Rotary, Stain- Type III from any metal except mag-
less Steel) Class 1 nes ium.
1-3 Wire Brush H-B-l78 Commercial Removal of corrosion products

(Hand, Stainless from any metal except mag-
Steel) nesium.
I-4 Scraper, Commercial Removal of corrosion products

Carbide Tip and damaged metal from any
surface.
CONSUMABLE -15/16

Corrosion Control Guide Cssc-Pse-87-001

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custorne CSSD—PSE—8 7-001

CORROSION CONTROL GUIDE

THIS GUIDE SUPERCEDES

Bell Helicopter I I X•I1

CORROSION CONTROL GUIDE

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Original. . . .0 6 August 1987

Page Revision Page Revision

CORROSION CONTROL GUIDE

Guide CSSD PSE-87-OO1 is published to facilitate corrosion control

Bell Helicopter Textron strongly recommends the instructions set

Copies of Guide CSSD-PSE-87-00l may be obtained from:

Bell Helicopter Textron Inc.

This Guide is FAA DER approved.

GENERAL INFORMATION .................................. ... 5-00-00

SURFACE CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTIVE FINISHES 10-00-00

REFINISHING OF METAL SURFACES ........................ 25-00-00

CONSUMABLE MATERIALS .................................. CONSUMABLE

PROPRIETARY RIGHTS NOTICE

THIS DATA IS PROPRIETARY TO BELL HELICOPTER TEXTRON. DISCLOSURE,

This Corrosion Control Guide is issued to the owners of Bell

Bell Helicopter Textron

1-2. USE OF GUIDE

3.The Table of Contents lists the name and page number

Paragraph Chapter/Section Page

5-1 General ................... 5-00-00 5-3

5-1 Pitting attack on aluminum . All 5-5

Corrosion is a natural phenomenon which destroys unprotected

5-2 . CORROSION CONTROL PROGRAM

A reliable corrosion control program must take into consideration

3. Early detection and repair of damaged protective coatings.

6. Feedback of information for corrective action.

5-3. TYPES OF CORROSION

There are many different types of corrosive attack and these

Pits are usually located in a random pattern over a localized

5-5. GALVANIC CELLS

Figure 5-1. Pitting attack on aluminum

Figure 5-2. Typical galvanic cell

GENERAL INFORMATION (continued)

5-6. CONCENTRATION CELLS

When an electrolyte such as water is allowed to stagnate in con—

LOW METALION CONCENTRATION uGH OXYGEN CONCENTRATION

1= HIGH METALION CONCENTRATION

METALION CONCENTRATION CELL

OXYGEN CONCENTRATION CELL

ACTIVE— PASSIVE CELL

Figure 5.3. Types of concentration cells

GENERAL INFORMATION (continued)

5-7. SELECTIVE ATTACK

This form of attack usually starts at a point and progresses along

5-8. INTERGRANULAR ATTACK

This is the primary form of selective attack. Intergranular cor-

ELECTROLYTE ENTERS •PAINT FILM

Figure 5-4. Typical intergranular corrosion site

5-9. FILIFORM ATTACK

This type of attack usually shows up as "worm-like" corrosion

5-5. Filiform corrosion on clad

Figure 5-6. Exfoliation Corrosion

GENERAL INFORMATION (continued)

5—11 . CORROSION AND MEChANICAL FACTORS

Corrosion is often aggravated by mechanical factors. Examples

5-12 . CORROSION AND COMPOS ITES