(i) Details to fill: Name, Roll No., and Date of submission Faculty-in-charge: Dr. S.

Jayaraj (MED)
(ii) Use the blank space provided for filling in the answer

Submission window: 5 week days to fetch full credit (11 to 15 May 2020)

Batch: S4 (B.Tech. - PE) Name: Hrithik D Roll No: B181070PE

Date of submission: 15-05-20

ME2016D – Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Tutorial 1 (Online mode)

1. The inner and outer surface temperatures of a glass window 5 mm thick are 15°C and 5°C. What
is the heat loss through a window 1 m × 3 m window? The thermal conductivity of the glass is
1.4 W/mK.

Answer:

L=5x10-3 m

T1=15 °C

T2=5 °C

A=3 m2

Kglass=1.4 W/m.K

By Applying Fourier’s Law

T 1−T 2
qx= K
L

15−5
qx=1.4 =2800 W/m2
0.005

Qx=qxxA

Qx=2800x3=8400 W
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2. A cylindrical uranium fuel rod of radius 5 mm in a nuclear reactor is generating heat at the rate
of 4×107W/m3. The rod is cooled by a liquid (convective heat transfer coefficient 1000W/m2-K)
at 25∘C. At steady state, what the surface temperature (in K) of the rod?

Answer:

r = 0.005 m
d= 0.010 m
W
q = 4x107
m3
W
h0=1000
k m2
T0=25 °C
For steady state,
π 2
qg x d l = h0 x πdl(Ts-T0)
4
.010× 4 × 107
h0 = 1000(Ts-25)
m2 × 4
Ts-25=100
Ts=125 °C
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3. A steam pipe is wrapped with insulation of inner and outer radius r i and r o , respectively. At a
particular instant the temperature distribution in the insulation is known to be of the form:

T ( r ) =C1 ln ( rr )
o

Are conditions steady-state or transient? How does the heat flux and heat rate vary with r .

Answer:
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The heat equation for this condition is given by

1 ∂ ∂T 1 ∂T
(r ) =
r ∂ r ∂r α ∂t

Substituting T(r)

1 ∂T 1 ∂ C1
α ∂t
= r ∂r
(r )=0
r

∂T C1
Qr = -k ∂r = -k
r

Hence, qr decreases with increasing radial location.

At any radial location the heat flow is qr = 2πLqr = 2πkC1L

Hence radial heat flux is independent of radial location

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4. An experiment to determine the convection coefficient associated with airflow over the surface
of a thick stainless steel casting involves the insertion of thermocouples into the casting at
distances of 10 and 20 mm from the surface along a hypothetical line normal to the surface. The
steel has a thermal conductivity of 15W/m-K. If the thermocouples measure temperatures of
50 and 40∘C in the steel when the air temperature is 100∘C, what is the convection coefficient?

Answer:

L1= 10mm, L2= 20mm

k = 15W/mK

T1= 50 oC, T2= 40 oC

T∞= 100 oC

Ein=Eout

qcond = qconv

T 1−T 2 50−40
qcond = k = 15 = 15 W/mm2 = 1500 W/m2
L2−L1 20−10

q conv
h=
T ∞ −T s

1500
h= = 375 W/m2K
100−60
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5. Consider steady-state heat conduction across the thickness in a plane composite wall (as shown
in the figure) exposed to convection conditions on both sides.

Data: hi =¿ 20 W/m2K, h o=¿ 50 W/m2K, T ∞ ,i = 20 oC,T ∞ ,o = -2 oC, k 1=¿ 20 W/mK, k 2=¿

50 W/mK, L1=¿ 0.30 m, L2=¿ 0.15 m

Assuming negligible contact resistance between the wall surfaces and calculate the interface
temperature, in T(oC), between the two walls.

Answer:

Under Steady State Condition,

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20−t i t i−(−2)
1 1 = l2 1
+ +
Ahi A k 1 A k 2 A h0

By Solving,

20-ti=2.826(ti+2)

Ti=3.75 oC

6. Uniform internal heat generation at q =5×107 W/m3 is occurring in a cylindrical nuclear reactor
fuel rod of 50-mm diameter, and under steady-state conditions the temperature distribution is of

the form T (r )=a+ b r 2, where T is in degrees Celsius and r is in meters, while a = 800 ∘C and

b = −4.167×105 C/m2. The fuel rod properties are k =30 W/m-K, ρ =1100 kg/m3, and C p = 800
J/kg-K. (a) What is the rate of heat transfer per unit length of the rod at r = 0 (the centreline)
and at r = 25 mm (the surface)?

Answer:
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Deriative of T(r) with respect to r

dT
=0+2 br
dr
According to Fourier’s Law
dT
qr = k(2πrL)
dr
dT
qr’ = k(2πr) = Heat rate per unit length
dr
at r=0,
qr’= (-k2πr)(2br) = 0

at r= 0.025 m
qr’= -30(2πx0.025)(2x-4.167x105x0.025) = 0.98x105 W/m
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7. A composite wall has three layers of thickness 0.3, 0.2, and 0.15 meters and the thermal
conductivities of these three layers are 0.3, 0.2, and 0.15 W/mK, respectively. The inner and
outer surfaces are at temperatures of 1000 oC and 40 oC, respectively. If the wall measures
10 × 5 m2, the flow rate of heat through the wall is to be calculated.

Answer:

T1=1000 oC, T2= 40 oC

(1000−40)× 50
q = 0.3 0.2 0.15 =320x50 = 16000W
+ +
0.3 0.2 0.15
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8. A tube of steel has an inner diameter of 36 mm and wall thickness of 2 mm, used to carry
chilled water. The chilled water and ambient air are at temperature of 6 oC and 23 oC,
respectively. The corresponding inner and outer convection-coefficient are 400 W/m 2K and
6 W/m2K, respectively.
(a) If the thermal conductivity of steel is 14.4 W/mK, what is the heat gain per unit length?
(b) What is the heat gain per unit length when 10 mm thick layer of insulation ( k ins=0.050
W/mK) is applied to tube?

Answer:

r
1 ln 2 1
a. Rtα = + ri +
2 π hi r 1 2 π r2 h
2 π k st 0

r2
1 ln 1
Rtα = + ri +
2 π ×0.018 × 400 2 π ×0.020 ×6
2 π ×14.2

Rtα= 1.35 K/W

23−6
Heat gain per unit length, q= = 12.6 W/m
1.35

30
ln
b. Rconv,ins = 20 = 1.29 m K/W
2 π ×0.05

1
Rconv,o=
2 π ×0.03 ×6
= 0.88 m K/W

Total resistance, Rtot= 0.0221+1.18x10-3+1.29+0.88=2.20 m K/W

17
q= =7.7 W /m
2.20
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9. What will be then temperature at a distance of 5 cm from the attached end of a circular fin of
diameter 10 cm and length 15 cm? Both the ends of the fin are insulated. Assume the following
data: h = 20 W/m2K and k = 4 W/Mk. Temperature of the fin is 120 oC and atmospheric
temperature is 25 oC.

Answer:
95=C1+C2
Θ = C1e-mx+C2emx
dΘ
=C 1 e−mx ×−m+ C2 e mx ×m (at r=15cm)
dx

1.695C1 + 117.972C2 = 0
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C1x = 93.654

C2 = 1.345

Θ = 93.654e-mx+1.345emx (at r=15cm)

= 46.178+2.727 = 48.905 oC

T= 48.905+25 = 73.905 oC.

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10. A fin has 5 mm diameter and 100 mm length. The thermal conductivity of fin material is
400 W/mK. One end of the fin is maintained at 130 ºC and its remaining surface is exposed to
ambient air at 30 ºC. if the convective heat transfer coefficient is 40 Wm -2K-1, the heat loss
(in W) from the fin is to be calculated.

Answer:
Θ0=T0-T∞=130-30=100 ºC
d
Lc=L+ =100+5/4
4
Lc=101.25mm=0.10125m
Q=√ hpK A c – Θctanh mLc
Q=5.05 W