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CE 1111: MATHEMATICS OF ENGINEERING 08/19/2019

- For instance, we write the terms of the sequence 4. List the first three terms of the sequence whose
Objectives f(1), f(2), f(3), f(4), …, f(n)… nth term is 𝑎𝑛 =
(2𝑛)!
. Begin with 0.
2𝑛 𝑛!
The students will be able to: as
1. Distinguish series from sequences. a1, a2, a3, a4, …, an … *copy the board 😉
2. Solve the terms of a sequence. - Like sets, sequences can also be finite or infinite.
3. Understand sigma notation and apply sigma Sigma Notation
notation in solving the partial sum of a What is a series?
sequence. - It is a convenient and concise way to write out a
4. Understand the differences between arithmetic, - It is the sum of infinite quantities. long sum. This name comes from the use of the
geometric, and harmonic sequences. - The sum of the terms of a sequence. upper-case Greek letter sigma, written as Σ.
5. Solve for the nth term of an arithmetic - By sigma notation, the sum of the first n terms of
progression. an {an} sequence is: Properties of Sums
6. Solve for the sum of n terms of an arithmetic
progression.
𝒏 1. ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑐𝑎𝑖 = 𝑐 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑎𝑖 , c is any constant.
7. Apply arithmetic mean to form an arithmetic 𝑺 = ∑ 𝒂𝒊 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝒏 + ⋯
2. ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑎𝑖 + 𝑏𝑖 ) = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑎𝑖 + ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑏𝑖
progression. 𝒊=𝟏

8. Solve for the nth term of a geometric 3. ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑎𝑖 − 𝑏𝑖 ) = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑎𝑖 − ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑏𝑖


- The expression 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + ⋯ is called an infinite
progression.
series, and the number S is called the sum of the
9. Solve for the sum of n terms of a geometric
progression. infinite series.
Examples: Find the following sums.
10. Solve the extremes of a geometric progression Exercise: Determine whether the following are sets,
using geometric means. 1. ∑5𝑖=1(2𝑖 + 1)
sequences, series, or neither.
11. Solve the extremes of a harmonic progression. 2. ∑4𝑗=1(−2)𝑗−1
1. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 3. ∑4𝑘=1 10
2. {-3, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12}
PROGRESSIONS 3. c0 + c1(x) + c2(x)2 + … + cn(x)n + … Finding the Sequence of Partial Sums
4. 24, 42, -31, -0.5, 24, 32 Consider the sequence
What is a sequence?
Finding the Terms of a Sequence a1, a2, a3, a4, …, an …
- A queue/list of numbers written in a specific order.
For example, the Fibonacci sequence (i.e.: 0, 1, 1, Examples: By finding the successive sums
2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …)
- Each number in a sequence is called a term. The 1. Find the next three terms of each sequence. S1 = a1
first and last terms of a sequence are called the a. 25, 17, 9, …
extremes and the terms between the extremes are b. 0.5, 1.5, 4.5, … S2 = a1 + a2
called means. c. 1, -4, 9, -16, …
2𝑛 S3 = a1 + a2 + a3
2. Use the functional relation 𝑎𝑛 = to find the first
Example: If the terms of a sequence are 38, 33, 28, (1+𝑛)

23, 18, 13, then the extremes are 38 and 13, and the three terms of the sequence, where n is a natural ⋮
means are 33, 28, 23, and 18. number. (Begin with n = 1)
Sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + … + an + …
3. Find the first four terms and the 37th term of the
- A function whose domain is the set of positive sequence whose nth term is 𝑎𝑛 =
(−1)𝑛
. we can form a new sequence, which is called the
2𝑛−1
integers. Although, sequences are usually sequence of partial sums. In particular, Sn is called the
written/expressed in subscript notation.

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CE 1111: MATHEMATICS OF ENGINEERING 08/19/2019

nth partial sum of the sequence a1, a2, a3, a4, …, an …


(Larson, Hostetler, Heyd, 1989)

Example:

For the sequence whose nth term is 𝑎𝑛 = 3⁄10𝑛 , find the


first four partial sums, and use the results to find the sum
of the infinite series

3

10𝑛
𝑖=1

----> to be continued…

References:

Larson, R., Hostetler, R. P., & Heyd, D. E. (1989). College

algebra. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath.

Orines, F. B., Diaz, Z. E., & Mojica, M. B.

(2003). Intermediate Mathematics. Quezon Ave.,

Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

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