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eu Research questions
On the basis of the critical review of the literature, we present the overall research questions and detailed
research questions driving the research. They are derived from the conceptual framework that is developed
through the literature study.
The general research questions and more detailed sub- questions are:
1. How does the complex and often subtle interplay of factors on a macro, meso and micro
level predict early school leaving?
What are the individual factors related to ‘the pupil at risk to leave school early’ that influence
him/her to stay in school or to leave school and possible continue education or training in an alternative
learning arena?
What are the perceptions of ‘pupils at risk to leave school early’ on ESL?
What are their trajectories and experiences after leaving school prematurely?
On an institutional (school)level
What was the influence of the family, peers and significant others in the communities of pupils that
left school or training early?
What are the perceptions and experiences of the family, peers and significant others of the ELSers on
ELS in general and the event of ESL in particular?
What are the factors related to school that influence a pupils decision to leave school early? What are
the focus schools staff’s views and policies on ESL? What is the influence of the perceptions of the school staff
on ESL?
On a systemic/structural level:
How did national education and training systems adapt to (changing) socio-economic, political and/or
cultural realities?
How is ESL defined on a European level and in the different partner countries?
What education policies and instruments aiming at dealing with ESL with a special focus on equity and
social cohesion were developed in the partner countries during the construction of the EU, and especially since
the Lisbon Treaty of 2001?
How were these policies and instruments developed and implemented in the different partner
countries?
How are the factors predicting ESL on different levels related from a holistic perspective?