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Post treatment
influent effluent
UASB
screening grit chamber - polishing pond
- Trickling filter
- RBC
- etc.
water reuse
sludge sludge drying bed
biogas
1
The UASB Reactor
Distribution box
gas
collector biogas
wastewater
treated
water
effluent
gutter biogas
baffle
sludge blanket
sludge bed
feed
inlet
deflector sludge
beam withdrawal
2
Design Criteria for the UASB Reactor
Distribution box
number
biogas
wastewater
upflow velocity
Treated water
effluent
gutter
biogas loading rate
detention time
gas
settling zone collector aperture velocity
angle
baffle
sludge blanket
concentration
sludge bed
concentration
feed
inlet
deflector sludge
density beam withdrawal
minimum SRT angle
3
SRT as prime design criterion:
SRT is directly linked to the amount of viable, active biomass in the
system:
SRT = X / (dX/dt),
with X = concentration of viable biomass (e.g.methanogens ).
180
SRT for stabilized sludge [days]
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Temperature [°C]
4
Impact of Reduced Hydrolysis
Limited Hydrolysis
Accumulation of particulate
organic matter
Conventional Design of
Single Stage UASB reactors
Temperature.: > 20 °C
COD infl.: < 1000 mg/l
SS-influent: < 500 mg/l
5
Assessment of the size of a UASB Reactor
Relationship between pollution strength and reactor volume
2000
Vr (m3)
500 Vr = Θ · Q Vr = (c · Q) · rv -1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
-3
c (kg COD · m )
WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY Lettinga Associates
Sub-department of Environmental Technology
Foundation
6
Number of Inlet Points
Rough guidelines for the number of inlet points required in UASB reactors
treating mainly soluble waste waters
<1 0.5 - 1
Dense flocculant sludge
1-2 1-2
(>40 kg DS/m3)
>2 2-3
<2 0.5
Granular sludge 2-4 1-2
>4 >2
WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY Lettinga Associates
Sub-department of Environmental Technology
Foundation
Influent
Effluent
Influent
Gas
7
Feed Distribution Systems
8
Full-scale anaerobic sewage treatment
plant, Bucaramanga, Colombia
2nd influent
distribution box
Gas outlet
effluent
3rd influent
distribution boxes
9
Polyester Circular Distribution Box
10
Other Aspects of the Feed Distribution System
11
Problems with the GLSS Device
The slope of the settler bottom (i.e. the inclined wall of the gas
collector) should be between 45-60o
12
Tentative Guidelines for the Design of the GLSS Device (2)
In the upper part of the gas cap, anti-foam spray nozzles should
be installed in the case the treatment of the waste water is
accompanied with heavy foaming.
13
UASB design for industrial WW (Biothane process)
gas
sludge
water
14
Tiltable plate settlers (TPS’s) in Biotim UASB-reactors
gas
sludge
water
15
Sludge Discharge
16
Auxiliary Equipment Requirements (2)
Tentative requirements:
17
Corrosion of Construction Materials (2)
stainless steel
plastics
proper coatings
coated concrete rather than coated steel
plastic covered with impregnated hardwood for the settler
plastic fortified plywood
asbestos
Reduction of corrosion
18
Virtual Wastewater Data & Assumptions for UASB Design (1)
Calculation example using an automated approach
Wastewater data
3
Average flow 400 m /h
3
Maximum flow 900 m /h
Peak flow 2 times max. flow
COD 400 mg/l
BCOD (degradable COD) 225 mg/l
BOD 250 mg/l
TSS 200 mg/l
Ash content 40 %
SO 4 25 mg/l
PO 4 3 mg P/l
TKN 25 mg N/l
19
Case: Design of UASB Reactors for 50,000 PE (1)
Model output:
Reactor dimensions
Number of reactors 2 -
Width 24.00 m
Length 18.00 m
Height 4.50 m
Definitive number of feed inlets 108 -
Gas collector
Total width 3.00 m
Aperture percentage 23 %
Width gas collector 2.30 m
Plate projection 0.90 m
Plate heightg 1.07 m
20
Case: Design of UASB Reactors for 50,000 PE (3)
Reactor loading
-3 -1
Volumetric loading 0.99 Kg COD.m .d
-3 -1
Volumetric loading rate 0.56 Kg BCOD.m .d
-1 -1
Organic loading rate 0.03 Kg BCOD.kg VSS .d
3 -2 -1
Biogas loading rate 0.40 m .m .d
Biological parameters
Solids retebtion time 67.5 Days
Maximum methanogenic activity 0.09 Kg CH4-COD/kg VSS.day
Actual methanogenic activity 0.02 Kg CH4-COD/kg VSS.day
3
Biogas production 350 m /day
H2S content 0.04 % in biogas
Sludge production
Effluent TSS =>to be set 30 mg TSS/l
Sludge growth 2304 Kg/day
Sludge to be removed 2016 Kg/day
3
Sludge volume to be removed 29 m /day
21
Economic Evolution of Design Criteria
upflow velocity
140
120
RELATIVE COSTS (%)
100
80
60
40
20
0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
UPFLOW VELOCITY (m/h)
22
Treatment Efficiency As a Function of Upflow Velocity
80
70
ECOD (%)
60
BOD-total
50 COD -soluble
COD -total
40
30
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Vup (m/h)
120
RELATIVE COSTS (%)
110
100
90
80
1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40
FEED INLET DISTANCE (m)
23
Influence of Reactor Size on UASB Reactor Costs
160
120 surface
height
100
80
80 100 120 140 160
24
Enhancing Implementation of AWWT
25