 Natural wetlands are responsible for approximately 80% of global

methane emissions from natural sources. Wetlands, such as bogs,

marshes, fens and permafrost provide a habitat favorable to microbes
that produce methane during the decomposition of organic material.
Termites and their mounds are estimated to be about 11% of the
global methane emissions from natural sources.Remaining by
oceans and methane hydrates.

 Bog ecosystem wetland receives water only from rain. A bog is a

freshwater wetland. It has spongy ground consisting mainly of
partially decayed plant matter called peat.

 The National Commission on Agriculture (1976) has classified social

forestry into three categories. These are Urban forestry, Rural
forestry and Farm forestry.

 NPP (Net primary productivity) = GPP (Gross primary productivity) – R

(respiration losses). Net primary productivity is the available biomass
for the consumption of heterotrophs (herbivores and decomposers).

 In biological classification, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a

group of organisms (a taxon) in a taxonomic hierarchy.

The ascending order will be

Subspecies--species--genus--family—order—class—phylum(in
plants division) –kingdom

 National Adaptation Fund on Climate Change (NAFCC) is meant to

assist National and State level activities to meet the cost of
adaptation measures in areas that are particularly vulnerable to
the adverse impacts of climate Change. The Scheme has been
taken as Central Sector Scheme with National Bank for
Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) as the National
Implementing Entity (NIE). Besides, enhancing adaptive capacity at
national and state level, national conference / workshop, awareness/
information dissemination, Research and Development and
establishing a coordination and monitoring unit have also been
proposed.

Climate Change Action Programme (CCAP) is a central scheme

objective is to create and strengthen the scientific and analytical
capacity for assessment of climate change in the country, putting
in place appropriate institutional framework for scientific and policy
 initiatives and implementation of climate change related actions in the
context of sustainable development.
Some of the components of the CCAP scheme include the National
Carbonaceous Aerosols Programme (NCAP), Long Term Ecological
Observatories (LTEO), and Coordinated Studies on Climate Change for
North East Region (CSCCNER).

 Highest levels of endemism in India is found in Amphibians.

Endemism among mammals and birds is relatively low. Only few
species of Indian mammal have arange that is confined entirely to
within Indian territorial limits. In contrast, endemism in the Indian
reptilian and amphibian fauna is high and the level of threat is also
lower.

 Osmosis helps the plants to perform photosynthesis and absorb water

from the soil by roots.

 World Air Quality Report 2019 was released by the pollution tracker
IQAir and Greenpeace. The ranking is based on a comparison of PM
2.5 levels. Ghaziabad, an area close to New Delhi in northern Uttar
Pradesh state, is ranked as the world’s most polluted city, with an
average PM 2.5 concentration measurement of 110.2 in 2019.
National air pollution in India decreased by 20% from 2018 to
2019.

 Kaipeng and Malsom tribals clans belong to the state of Tripura.