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Design analysis of Dust collection system

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Design analysis of Dust collection system

Instructor: Dr. Qiang (Chong) Zhang, P.Eng, Professor

BIOE 7200

Bulk Solids Storage and Handling

Zaman Bhuiyan

ST # 7820341

Graduate Student of Biosystems Engineering

University of Manitoba
Abstract : Most of the manufacturing industry faces significant challenges in the control of dust

to ensure continued sustainable operation and to meet emissions regulations and goals. The

methods for controlling dust emissions can either lie in the prevention of dust emissions or in the

removal of dust once it has become airborne. Though the concept for dust collection system seems

simple, many things can go wrong if don’t pay careful attention to the design details. Dust control

systems involve multiple engineering decisions, including the efficient use of available space, the

length of duct runs, the ease of returning collected dust to the process, the necessary electrical

requirements, and the selection of optimal filter and control equipment. Further, key decisions

must be made about whether a centralized or multiple system are best for the circumstances.

Critical engineering decisions involve defining the problem, selecting the best equipment for each

job and designing the best dust collection system for the needs of an operation. Well-designed dust

collection systems need to consider not only the dust as a potential contaminant, but also the

attributes of the dust capturing system. There are four key components in a dust collection system

is very important like exhaust hood, ductwork, dust collector and the air mover/fan. This project

helps to understand as a design guide which provides information that will help to achieve

optimum performance and energy efficiency in commercial dust collection systems by properly

selecting and sizing of exhaust hoods, duct, dust collector and air blower or fan. A well-designed

dust collection system has multiple benefits resulting in a dust-free environment that increases

productivity, comply with emission regulations, and improve industry employee morale. This

paper also illustrates design analysis and best selection of a dust collection system for various kind

of manufacturing industry who are facing dust emission and unable to control as well as can also

help to control odor, moisture, and other undesirable environmental conditions.

Keywords : Dust collector, exhaust hood, duct work, air mover, fan, plugging, buildup & design.

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Introduction: Dust collection involves the removal or collection of solid particles from a flowing

air stream to eliminate nuisance dust for safety and health considerations. Even installing a dust

control system does not promise complete prevention of dust emission but a well-designed system

can protect and gets other benefits such as preventing or reducing the risk of a dust explosion or

fire, reducing the likelihood of accidents, reducing cleanup and maintenance costs, reducing

equipment wear and assuring continuous compliance with existing health regulations. Dust

collection systems use ventilation principles to capture the dust-filled airstream and carry it away from

the source through ductwork to the collector. The selection of a dust control system is based on the

desired air quality and existing regulations. Dust collection systems can provide reliable and efficient

control over a long period. The dust collection system also is known as the local exhaust ventilation

system is one of the most effective ways to reduce dust emissions (Bhuiyan and Khan 2012). A typical

dust collection system consists of four following components:

• An exhaust hood to capture dust emissions at the source.

• Ductwork to transport the dust to a dust collector.

• A dust collector to remove the dust from the air.

• A fan and motor to provide the necessary exhaust volume and energy.

Fig.1 : Illustration of components for a dust collection system (Andrew et al. 2012)

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Every single component plays a vital role in the proper operation of a dust collection system and

poor performance of one component can reduce the effectiveness of the other components. So, it’s

required very careful design and selection of each component to get a perfect dust collection

system.

Methodology :

Design Consideration : Designing a proper dust collection system can be broken down into six

key considerations (Jenike and Johanson 2018). These six considerations are:

1) Conveying velocity.

2) Use balance-by-design for system balancing.

3) Install the right air mover.

4) Plugging.

5) Appropriate Dust collector.

6) Combustible dust hazards.

Conveying velocity: Sufficient conveying velocity is very important to pick up the dust from the

pickup hoods and transport the material through dust collector for separation from the air stream.

If systems is not work properly & effectively convey the dust, then it’s not possible to collect the

dust particles, which are sticky, have high moisture content, are heavy or oddly shaped, or are very

fine can present conveying difficulties in the dust collection system (Jenike and Johanson 2018).

Balance by design There are two main approaches which are, the balance by design method and

the blast gate method. In the balance by design method, the duct size and layout are engineered to

balance the airflow in the system’s branches, pickups, and trunk based on static pressure loss

through each section. If each branch has a similar static pressure loss, then the airflow, and thus

velocity, through each branch will be equal. This method doesn’t use blast gates to manually adjust

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airflow at each branch, in contrast to the alternative balancing method. The balance by design

method is the preferred method to ensure adequate conveying velocity in each portion of the

system because the method uses more information to provide a more detailed approach to system

design. When using the balance by design method, the path of greatest airflow resistance is first

determined through a static pressure loss calculation. This can be done through basic engineering

calculations for airflow resistance through pickup hoods, ductwork branches, and trunk lines

(Jenike and Johanson 2018).

Air Mover : The selection process of an air mover is simple once the system has been determined.

Generally, fan or positive movement rotary blower are typically used to provide the suction force

for the dust collection system. Performance curves of an air mover provides the operating ranges

which demonstrate the air mover under specified conditions such as system resistance air

temperature, fan blade speed, etc (Jenike and Johanson 2018).

Avoid plugging : Dust collection system plugging may causes by itself in many forms, such as in

the duct, hopper, or filter. The root causes of plugging in a system can be include, such as poor

duct layout, Overfeeding the dust collection line, Leaks, Buildup and Hopper design (Jenike and

Johanson 2018).

Dust collector : The dust collector performance can either make or break the entire dust collection

system. On one hand, a properly performing dust collector will efficiently filter the particles from

the airstream, clean itself, discharge the solids into a hopper, and allow proper airflow through its

filter media, thereby maintaining proper conveying velocities in the system and stable fan

operation. On the other hand, poor dust collector performance can allow particles to bypass

through the filter, clogging and plugging, and substantially reduced airflow, rendering dust pickup

and conveying ineffective (Andrew et al. 2012).

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Combustible dust hazards: About 50% of dust explosions occur in dust collectors and its

estimates that at least 7 out of 10 dusts can be combustible. Many dusts can burn rapidly either in

a flash fire or explosion scenario (Andrew et al. 2012). A dust explosion requires five key

ingredients:

• Combustible dust (sugar, plastic, wood, metals, and most carbon-containing dusts)

oxidant.

• Ignition source (static discharge, hot surface, spark).

• Dispersion (dust can be readily emitted from numerous sources).

• Confinement (dust collector housing, silo, dryer, mill, grinding equipment).

Result & Discussion :

.1 Design Fundamentals: Design fundamentals are related to basic concept of fluid flow and

how they may be applied to air pollution control and collection systems.

.1.1 The Bernoulli Equation : The flow of fluids in any hood, duct, pipe or other enclosure is

governed by a single relationship of the Bernoulli equation. Preferably, the Bernoulli equation

states that the total mechanical energy of an element of flowing fluid is constant throughout the

system (Vatavuk 1995). This includes its potential energy, kinetic energy, and pressure energy

(Vatavuk 1995). Bernoulli equation is:

Where v = specific volume of fluid (ft3/lbm), p = static pressure gauge (lbf/ft2), z = height of fluid

above some reference point (ft), u = fluid velocity through duct, hood, etc. (ft/sec), g = gravitational

acceleration (ft/sec2), gc = gravitational constant (32.174 ([lbm-ft/sec2]/lbf), W = work added by

fan, etc. (ft-lbf/lbm), F = energy lost due to friction (ft-lbf/lbm) (Vatavuk 1995).

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.1.2. Static, Velocity, and Total Pressure : Air traveling through a duct is acted on

simultaneously by two kinds of pressure, Static pressure (SP) and Velocity pressure(VP). Both

static pressure and velocity pressure are components of a third kind of pressure which is total

pressure and total pressure (TP) also known as the “impact pressure”, which will at any point

within a duct, hood, etc. TP = SP + VP ,Where, SP = (cf)vp and VP = (cf)u2/2gc . Static pressure

(SP) is a force that compresses or expands the air. It is used to overcome the frictional resistance

of ductwork, as well as the resistance of such obstructions as coils, filters, dust collectors, and

elbows. Velocity pressure (VP) is the pressure required to accelerate the air from rest to a velocity.

It exists only when air is in motion, always acts in the direction of air flow and is always positive

in sign (Vatavuk 1995).

.2 Design of Exhaust Hoods : The design of an exhaust hood requires complete process or

operation so that the most effective hood or enclosure can be installed. The successful design of

an exhaust hood depends on the rate of air velocity, location of the hood and shape of the hood

(Hollenbeck 2015).

.2.1 Rate of Air velocity: Most of bulk solids will require significant air velocity in the

ductwork to convey the material in full suspension, usually an air velocity of about 4,000 fpm

(67ft/s or about 45 mph). In some cases, it may not only be dust that is conveyed, as a additional

material like fumes or vapors may be included in the material stream. As shown in Table 1 from

the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), there are a wide range

of minimum duct design velocities, which are based on the material conditions. In Appendix B,

there are different types hood design & air flow rates are available (Andrew et al. 2012).

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 Nature of
Examples Design Velocity
Contaminant
Any desired velocity (economic optimum
Vapors, gases, smoke All vapors, gases, and smoke
velocity usually 1000-2000 fpm)
Fumes Welding 2000-2500
Very fine light dust Cotton lint, wood flour, litho powder 2500-3000
Fine rubber dust, Bakelite molding powder dust,
Dry dusts & powders jute lint, cotton dust, shavings (light), soap dust, 3000-4000
leather shavings
Grinding dust, buffing lint (dry) wool jute dust
(shaker waste), coffee beans, shoe dust, granite
Average industrial dust, silica flour, general material handling, brick
3500-4000
dust cutting, clay dust, foundry (general), limestone
dust, packaging and weighing asbestos dust in
textile industries
Sawdust (heavy and wet), metal turnings, foundry
tumbling barrels and shake-out, sand blast dust,
Heavy dusts 4000-4500
wood blocks, hog waste, brass turnings, cast iron
boring dust, lead dust
Lead dusts with small chips, moist cement dust,
Heavy or moist asbestos chunks from transit pipe cutting 4500 and up (≈ 75 ft/s or 23 m/s )
machines, buffing lint (sticky) quick-lime dust
Table 1 : Range of minimum duct design velocities (Jenike and Johanson 2018)

There are two issues that need to be considered when determining the rate of airflow to a hood, air

induction and capture velocity.

Air induction is based on the concept that material falling through air imparts momentum to the

surrounding air .Due to this energy transfer, a stream of air always travels with the falling material.

For example, a chute feeding sand to an elevator will drag air into the elevator (Wang et al. 2014).

The following air induction equation can be used to estimate exhaust volumes for hoods based on

material feed rate, height of free fall, size, and feed open area:

where Q = air quantity, cubic feet per minute; AU = enclosure upstream open area, square feet;

R = rate of material flow, tons per hour; S = height of material fall, feet; and D = average material

size, feet (Wang et al. 2014).

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Capture velocity is a measure of the required airflow necessary to seize the dust released at the

source and then pull this dust into the exhaust hood. The capture velocity must be powerful enough

to overcome all the opposing factors and air currents in the surrounding area. After this capture

velocity is determined, the exhaust volume for the hood can be calculated. The following "Dalla

Valle" equation is used to determine the exhaust volume needed for a basic free-standing hood

arrangement (Andrew et al. 2012).

where Q = the rate of air exhausted, cubic feet per minute; Vx = the required air velocity at the

most remote point of contaminant dispersion, feet per minute; X = distance in feet from the face

of the hood to the most remote point of contaminant dispersion; and Ah = the area of hood opening,

square feet.

Fig. 2: Hood entry loss calculation (Andrew et al. 2012)

.2.2 Shape of the Exhaust Hood : Sizable pressure losses may occur if the shape or the exhaust

hood is not designed properly. These pressure losses are due to the mutual conversion of static and

velocity pressures. When dust is captured and pulled into a hood from a dust source, the hood

converts static pressure to velocity pressure and hood entry losses (Zhao et al. 2013). Hood entry

loss is calculated according to the following equation:

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where He = hood entry loss, K = loss coefficient; VP = velocity pressure in the duct, and SPh =

absolute static pressure about 5 duct diameters down the duct from the hood (Zhao et al. 2013).

The hood entry loss coefficients for three different types of hoods commonly which listed

below in the Fig.3 . The first case shows three different hood types: circular, square, and rectangular

with plain openings. The second case shows loss coefficients with flanged openings, and the last case

shows a bell mouth inlet for just a circular duct. This figure demonstrates the significant improvement

in the design, and thus the lowering of the hood entry loss coefficient, with each improvement in the

hood type (Zhao et al. 2013). Appendix A & Appendix D provide more data about hood entry loss

coefficient.

Fig. 3: Hood entry loss coefficients for different hood types (Andrew et al. 2012)

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.2.3 Location of the Exhaust Hood : The location of the exhaust hood is important to achieving

the maximum dust capture efficiency at minimum exhaust volumes. When the control-velocity

approach is used, the location of the hood is critical because exhaust volume varies in relation to

the location and size of the exhaust hood. The location of the exhaust hood is not as critical when

the air-induction approach is used. The air-induction approach requires the hood to be located as

far from the material impact point as possible to-prevent capturing coarse dust particles, which

settle quickly (Zhao et al. 2013).

• Capture only fine, predominantly respirable dust.

• Reduce unnecessary transport or coarse dust through ductwork and thus reduce dust

settling in horizontal duct runs.

• Reduce dust loading (dust concentration) in the exhaust gases.

• Minimize subsequent cleaning and disposal of the collected dust.

Prevent capture of valuable products, especially in ore-concentrating operations. The control-

velocity approach requires the hood to be located as close to the source as possible to (Zhao et al.

2013)-

• Maximize the hood capture efficiency for a given volume.

• Reduce the exhaust volume requirements.

• Enclose the source as much as possible.

.3 Fan : are a critical feature in the design of ventilation systems for dust control. They are used

to move the air through the ventilation system, whether to create an exhausting or blowing

ventilation system. There are two basic types of fans, axial-flow fans and centrifugal fans. There

are also other fan designs that use or combine the concepts of axial or centrifugal flow; these are

axial-centrifugal fans and roof ventilators. Again, the selection of the fan type is based upon the

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requirements of the ventilation system design. In Appendix G – there different types of duct design

fan inlets (Andrew et al. 2012).

Fig. 4: Wall-mounted propeller fan (Axial-Flow) (Andrew et al. 2012)

Fig.5: Typical centrifugal fan (Andrew et al. 2012) Fig.6: Axial centrifugal fan (Andrew et al. 2012)

.4 Ductwork Design : Ductwork design includes the selection of duct sizes based on the velocity

necessary to carry the dust to the collector without settling in the duct. From this information, pressure

losses in the duct and exhaust air volumes can be calculated and used to determine the size and type of

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fan, as well as the speed and size of motor (Jenike and Johanson 2018). Before detailed design of the

ductwork is begun, the following information should be available:

 A process flowsheet of the operation indicating-

• Type, size, and speed of the bulk material handling or processing equipment used.

 A line diagram of the dust collection system indicating-

• Exhaust hood and exhaust volumes required for each piece of equipment, each transfer

point, and each duct network.

• Each branch and section of the main duct identified either by number or letter.

 A general layout of the facility showing-

• All equipment in the plan and elevations.

• The ductwork route and location of the exhaust hood.

• Location of the dust collector and the fan.

 Proper ductwork design-

• Maintains adequate transport velocities in the duct to prevent particulate settling

• Provides proper air distribution in all branches to maintain designed capture velocities

• Minimizes pressure losses, wear, and abrasion of ductwork thus reducing operating costs

Also, the primary ductwork sizing variable are length, diameter, and wall thickness need to be

considered before design analysis.

.4.1 Length: The length of ductwork needed with an air pollution control system depends on such

factors as the distance of the source from the control device and the number of directional changes

required. Without having specific knowledge of the source layout, it is impossible to determine

this length accurately. It could range from 20 to 2,000 feet or more (Vatavuk 1995).

.4.2 Diameter: Circular duct is preferred over rectangular, oval, or other duct shapes (Vatavuk

1995). For circular ducts, the cross-sectional area, Ad, is given by:

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Where, Ad = cross-sectional area of duct (ft2), Dd = duct diameter (ft)

The duct cross-sectional area is the quotient of the volumetric flow rate (Q) and the duct transport

velocity (ut):

Combining above two equations and solving for Dd:

As Q is usually known, the key variable in above equation is the duct transport velocity. The value

of this variable must be chosen carefully. If the ut selected is too low, the duct will be oversized

and, more importantly, the velocity will not be high enough to convey any particulate matter in the

waste gas stream to the control device (Vatavuk 1995).

.4.3. Wall thickness: The wall thickness of a duct depends on several factors like internal

pressure, diameter, material of fabrication, and other structural parameters (Vatavuk 1995).

The root causes of plugging in a system can be happen for following reason & should be careful

in design analysis & implementation in dust collection systems

.4.4 Poor duct layout : There are many instances where the conveying velocity was correctly

selected and the fan and motor operated as required, but the dust didn’t convey effectively through

the duct. This is generally the result of too many elbows being placed near one another in the

system and poor branch to-trunk layouts, as shown in Figures 7a and 7b. As demonstrated in

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Fig.7-a)Poor duct layout with a 90-degree entry Fig.7-b)Buildup inside the duct

ACGIH, the branch entries to the trunk line, as well as throughout the duct layout, are important,

and 90-degree entries should be avoided (Jenike and Johanson 2018). In Fig. 8, various branch

entry layouts are shown, labeled with how acceptable each is from a sound design perspective.

Furthermore, the duct diameter should be expanding along its run to the dust collector to maintain

the minimum conveying velocity, a factor that’s changing with the cumulative airflow gain caused

by an increase.

Fig. 8: Duct entry layouts and configurations to avoid (Jenike and Johanson 2018)

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 Fig.9: Duct layout showing expansion in diameter along length (Jenike and Johanson 2018)

in pipe diameter. An example of this principle is shown in Fig. 9, where it’s appropriate branch

entries and an increasing duct diameter (Jenike and Johanson 2018). In Appendix E & Appendix F

there are more details in principle of duct design and elbows design and placement.

.4.5. Overfeeding the line: Overfeeding of a dust collection system can present problems because

the additional material in the conveyor airstream increases system resistance, which then reduces

airflow and velocity. Some designers will use a dust collection system as a part of a material

recycling loop, for which the system usually wasn’t originally designed to do. As a result, heavy

solids loading in the line, often erratically introduced to the system, degrades system performance.

If a feeder, such as a rotary airlock valve or screw feeder, can be used to modulate the solids

flowrate into the duct, then this can be a simple improvement to regulate the feed rate and prevent

plugging (Jenike and Johanson 2018).

.4.6. Leaks: Leaks in a dust collection system can “rob the system” of conveying energy and

cause material settlement and buildup (Fig.10) as well as the systems of dust collection

performance will degrade. Leaks can occur at duct or pipeline couplings, diverters, elbows where

holes have formed, blast gates, and in dust collector housings. Leaks can be tested via use of talcum

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powder, helium tracing, or non combustible smoke around suspected leak points (Jenike and

Johanson 2018).

Fig.10: Buildup in a conveying line (Jenike and Johanson 2018)

.4.7. Buildup: The slow growth or increase of dust inside duct is called build-up. The buildup

problem was a result of temperature-induced softening of the resin, allowing the material to fuse

to the pipeline’s interior. This created increased friction and reduced the pipeline’s diameter, which

both significantly increased the system’s resistance to air and solids throughput. Buildup in the

ductwork can be addressed by various methods, including periodic manual cleaning; “pigging,”

whereby a semirigid projectile with flexible ribs and brushes is sent through the ductwork or dry

ice chips are used, where the scouring action cleans the duct and the dry ice evaporates, leaving

no trace. At a minimum, the ducts should be inspected quarterly to ensure buildup isn’t affecting

the system performance or leaving residual combustible dust or other solids that can allow dust

explosion propagation to occur (Jenike and Johanson 2018).

.4.8. Hopper design: An often-overlooked issue with dust collection system operation is the

plugging of the collected material in the hopper attached to the filter-receiver. The following are

possible problems that can arise when material builds up (Industrial Ventilation Manual 1998):

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.4.8.1 Bridging: A no-flow condition in which material forms a stable, arch-shaped obstruction

over the outlet of a hopper (Industrial Ventilation Manual 1998).

.4.8.2 Ratholing: A no-flow–erratic-flow condition in which material forms a stable open

channel within the hopper (Industrial Ventilation Manual 1998).

.5 Dust collector : There are many types of dust collectors, including cyclones, baghouses, and

cartridge collectors. A cyclone, as shown in Fig.11, uses inertial effects to separate the solids from

the airstream, while a baghouse, shown in Fig.12, and a cartridge collector, as shown in Fig.13,

use some form of physical filter media, like cloth, synthetic fabrics, or even sintered metal to

capture the dust or solids; filter media is then cleaned by various methods, with filter replacement

occurring periodically (Andrew et al. 2012).

Fig.11: Cyclone dust collector (Jenike and Johanson 2018) Fig. 12: Baghouse dust collector (Jenike and
Johanson 2018)

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 Fig.13: Cartridge collector with dust filter canisters (Jenike and Johanson 2018).

A cyclone dust collector is highly effective for separating large particles such as wood chips and

can be useful with separating streams with hot and abrasive bulk solids because there are no

moving parts or filters to damage but using of cyclones are limited to separate the fine particles;

for example, using a cyclone for an air-dust mixture with a 5-micron average particle size may not

be highly practical because the particles are too light, making centrifugal forces ineffective to

separate the particles from the airflow. In Contrast, a baghouse or cartridge collector with a

physical filter media where collection efficiencies can approach 99.99% with some technologies

(Pansare et al. 2016).

Poly- Aramid PTFE

Media type propylene Polyester Fiber-glass (Nomex) (Teflon)
Max. continuous operating
Temperature 77℃/170℉ 135℃/275℉ 260℃/500℉ 204℃/400℉ 260℃/500℉
Abrasion resistance Excellent Excellent Fair Excellent Good
Filtration properties Good Excellent Fair Excellent Good
Acid / alkaline attack Excellent Fair Fair Good Excellent
Combustion Yes Yes No No No
Table 2 : Filter media types (Jenike and Johanson 2018)

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There are many factors to need to be consider before selecting the dust collector , like -

temperature, moisture, particle size, airstream chemistry, air-to-cloth ratio, combustibility, particle

abrasiveness, and mechanical factors (for example cleaning and installation). In the above Table 2

provides a simple summary of filter media types considering many factors (Jenike and Johanson

2018). In Appendix C- there are different types dry dust collector for more understanding.

Baghouses and cartridge collectors must have enough filter area to clean the dust-laden air.

An important parameter for determining the size of the dust collector is called the air-to-cloth ratio,

which uses the collector’s air volume flow-rate (cfm or m3/min) per filtration area (square feet or

square meters). This resulting calculation is a foot-per-minute (meter-per-minute) value and is

referred to as the filter’s face velocity (Jenike and Johanson 2018).

.6 Combustible dust hazards : Excellent guidance are available in NFPA standards to prevent

and protect against the combustible dust hazards. It’s recommended to review the NFPA standard

on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust and then industry and design-specific NFPA standards,

including NFPA 664 (wood); NFPA 61 (food and agriculture); NFPA 484 (metals); and NFPA 68

(explosion venting). Note that NFPA standards are adopted by OSHA as consensus standards and

can be mandated by an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ), such as a plant owner, insurance

provider, fire chief, or building inspector. There are many methods to protect equipment and

process through explosion containment, isolation, suppression, and venting. NFPA 69 provides

excellent guidance for each of these approaches (Johnson 2008).

Conclusion & Recommendations : Dust collection system functions best within an overall air

quality control strategy that may include many other components. Since dust collection systems

themselves consist of multiple parts that can vary widely, they tend to be more prone to

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customization and upgrading than other industrial apparatuses. Therefore, when considering dust

collection systems, it is important to check & consider the below point :

1. What type of dust will remove by this system ? The type of dust collector and filtration

media required largely depends on the type of substance being removed. Example,

synthetic cellulose filters work best for removing dry dust. “Spun-bond” filters,

however, work best if moist or sticky dust is being removed.

2. How much dust can this system remove, and how fast can it remove it? An effective

dust collector needs to move sizable amounts of air at reasonably fast rates. Air velocity

is usually measured in feet per minute (fpm) while air volume is usually measured in

cubic feet per minute (cfm).

3. Different dust sources (i.e. different machines) usually have published, minimum cfm

requirements for effective dust removal.(For example, the most powerful woodworking

tools require dust collection systems with 1000-cfm capabilities to effectively remove

wood chips.)

4. Factors such as duct size and static pressure affect a dust collector’s moving

capabilities. (Static pressure refers to the surface or directional friction that moving air

encounters within ductwork.) It is imperative to assess and calculate the moving

requirements of dust sources before investing in dust collection systems (Buczaj and

Buczaj 2012).

5. Will a central or portable dust collection system work best? Central dust collection

systems work best then require a great amount of vacuum power to clean contaminated

air in environment as well as require an out of the way location to conserve valuable

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 central space and if portable dust collection systems work best then need to prioritize

affordability and simplicity over power requirements (Kleinman and Marley 2005).

6. How many escape/weak points does this dust collection system possess? Because of

their multifaceted nature, even the best dust collection systems cannot always perform

at 100% efficiency. In such cases, it may be worth installing a secondary auxiliary dust

collection system.

7. Does it require to recirculate the air back inside? Recirculating air through dust

collection systems can provide significant advantages. Governmental emission

regulations can make it cumbersome and costly to emit contaminated air outside a work

environment and into the atmosphere. By recirculating air back inside work

environment, compliance with such regulations can be mitigated. Furthermore,

recirculation can further increase financial savings by simultaneously conditioning a

work environment even as it cleans it (Kleinman and Marley 2005).

References:

Andrew, C., O. Andrew, S. Joseph, and C. Jay F. 2012. Dust Control Handbook for Industrial

Minerals Mining and Processing.

Bhuiyan, M. Y., and A. I. Khan. 2012. Analysis of design and purchase decision of central dust

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Buczaj, M., and A. Buczaj. 2012. The use of labview environment for the building of the grain

Dust control system in grain mill.

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Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Industrial Ventilation 2: 575–582.

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Jenike, E. M., and Johanson. 2018. SIX KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPER DUST

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Johnson, G. 2008. Designing your dust system collection to meet NFPA Standards- Part 1. PBE.

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Pansare, S., S. Pokharkar, K. Pawar, T. Khandve, and S. Patil. 2016. Review on Multicyclone

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Appendix A : Hood Entry losses

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Appendix B : Hood types and Air flow rate

Information collected from - (Industrial Ventilation Manual 1998)

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Appendix C : Dry type dust collectors

Information collected from - (Industrial Ventilation Manual 1998)

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Appendix D : Hood entry loss Coefficient

Information collected from - (Industrial Ventilation Manual 1998)

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Appendix E : Principles of Duct Design Elbows

Information collected from - (Industrial Ventilation Manual 1998)

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Appendix F : Principle of Duct Design

Information collected from - (Industrial Ventilation Manual 1998)

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 Appendix G : Principle of Duct design Fan inlets

Information collected from - (Industrial Ventilation Manual 1998)

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