BCSL-044 - Statistical Techniques (Lab) PDF

LEARNING SCIENCE
IGNOU BCA(4): BCSL-044

Solved Assignment
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By Prasanta Naskar
2019-2020
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IGNOU BCA(4): BCSL-044 Solved Assignment 2019-2020
Course Code : BCSL-044

Course Title : Statistical Techniques Lab
Assignment Number : BCA(4)/044/Assignment/2019-20
Maximum Marks : 50
Weightage : 25%
Last Dates for Submission : 15th October, 2019 (for July 2019 Session)
15th April, 2020 (for January 2020 Session)
Note: There are six questions in this assignment, which carries 40 marks. Rest 10 marks are for viva-
voce. Answer all the questions. Please go through the guidelines regarding assignments given in the
Programme Guide for the format of presentation.
All the following questions must be performed using a statistical package. You may use any statistical
package for this purpose.
Q1. Height of students of a class having 40 students was recorded. This data is given in
the following table. Perform the tasks given in (i) to (iv) on the data given below using a
spreadsheet package: (6)
(i) Find the minimum and maximum height using spreadsheet formula.
(ii) Create 8 classes with suitable class intervals and create the frequency distribution.
You must use Array formula.
(iii) Find the percentage of the students whose height is less than the mean height
(iv) Draw the histogram for the data above. Also try to relate it to normal distribution
curve.
Q2. Perform the following tasks using a spreadsheet (you must either enter necessary
formula that are required to calculate the value or you may use spreadsheet function for
the same): (6)
(i) Find the value of t for the given value of degree of freedom and significance level
(alpha):
Degree of freedom Significance

20 0.01
www.learningscience.co.in Page 2
12 0.05
(ii) A company manufactures bearings of diameter of size 0.5 cm. A sample of 10 such
bearings were taken out of a lot consisting of 1000 bearings. The mean sample width was
found to be 0.5020 cm having a standard deviation of 0.0009 cm. Assuming random
sampling and a confidence level of 95%, will you accept the bearings. Justify your answer.
Make suitable assumption, if any.
Q3. A Pharmaceutical Company produces a medicine involving 10 mg of a chemical. The

company has four different plants to produce this medicine. Each day five samples of each
plant are taken and quantity of the chemical in them is determined. The following tables lists
these details: (10)
Perform an ANOVA using any software to test (at 5% level) whether all the four plants are
producing the medicine with correct amount of chemical. Justify your findings. Make suitable
assumptions, if any.
Q4. Sales of a departmental store are calculated on daily basis. The following table lists the
sales data for first 15 days of the September month. Use spreadsheet software to find the
moving averages for the length of 3 and 5. Also draw suitable graphs of these moving
averages. (6)
Q5. A company packs soap solutions in sealed bottle of 2 liters. The quality of process of
producing the bottles is controlled statistically. To do so four different samples are taken at
different time each day having 5 samples each. Calculate the control limits for mean and
range, and plot the control charts using any statistical software. Make suitable assumptions,
if any. (6)
The data is given in the following table:
Q6. An Ice cream vendor records the sale of Ice cream in different months as given in the
following table. Fit a trend line using any statistical software to this sales data. Make
suitable assumptions. (6)
Q1. Height of students of a class having 40 students was recorded. This data is given in the following table. Perform
the tasks given in (i) to (iv) on the data given below using a spreadsheet package: (6)
(i) Find the minimum and maximum height using spreadsheet formula.
(ii) Create 8 classes with suitable class intervals and create the frequency distribution. You must use Array formula.
(iii) Find the percentage of the students whose height is less than the mean height
(iv) Draw the histogram for the data above. Also try to relate it to normal distribution curve.
Solution:
Steps:
The heights of the students are entered in Excel spread-sheet in a tabular
i. Minimum and the maximum height can be formulated using the below mentioned formula:
Minimum: =MIN(<cell range>). In the above case it should be =MIN(B3:K6) = 146
Maximum: =MAX(<cell range>). In our case it is =MAX(B3:K6) = 179
ii. Creation of 8 classes & Frequency Distribution: The height difference between Maximum & Minimum is: 179 –
146 = 33
The total number of classes: 8 (Given)

So, the magnitude of the class intervals should be approximately around 4
[=ROUND(33/8, 0) = 4]
Taking the Lower Limit of the first class as 140 & class interval as 4, we construct 8 classes. Now we use the Array
Formula to compute the frequencies for each class. For this we use the group function [=FREQUENCY(data_array,
bin_array)].
Next, we populate each row of the Cumulative Frequency Column by adding up the frequencies for all the rows till
the row in question (i.e. adding up the cumulative frequency of the row preceding the required row with the
frequency of the current row in question).
iii. Percentage of the students whose height is less than the mean height:
In order to calculate the same, we use the formula:
=COUNTIF(cell_range, "<"&AVERAGE(cell_range))/COUNT(cell_range)
[In our case it is: =COUNTIF(B3:K6,"<"&AVERAGE(B3:K6))/COUNT(B3:K6) = 50.00%]
iv. Histogram:
In order to draw the required histogram we go to Data Tab of Excel, click on Data Analysis and choose Histogram
from the list. A pop-up menu appears. We need to fill up the Input Range(entire data set),Bin Range(Upper Class
Interval Column) and the output range. Additionally check the Cumulative Percentage & Chart output checkboxes to
get the Cumulative percentage graph and the chart output as well.
As we can find out this histogram does not have the properties of a normal distribution curve. The curve of the
frequency polygon if traced along the histogram will show that it does not have a bell shape. Moreover, the mean,
median and the mode of this distribution are not properly aligned. Unlike a normal distribution where maximum
frequency should be towards the center, this graph essentially have 2 peaks on the two sides of the distribution
and the frequencies tend to be in the trough towards the middle.
Q2. Perform the following tasks using a spreadsheet (you must either enter necessary formula that are required to
calculate the value or you may use spreadsheet function for the same): (6)
(i) Find the value of t for the given value of degree of freedom and significance level (alpha):
Degree of freedom Significance

20 0.01
12 0.05
(ii) A company manufactures bearings of diameter of size 0.5 cm. A sample of 10 such bearings were taken out of a
lot consisting of 1000 bearings. The mean sample width was found to be 0.5020 cm having a standard deviation of
0.0009 cm. Assuming random sampling and a confidence level of 95%, will you accept the bearings. Justify your
answer. Make suitable assumption, if any.
Solution:
Steps:
i) Value of t for the given value of degree of freedom and significance level: is calculated using the Excel formula:
=TINV(probability/Significance, degree_of_freedom)
ii) The intended diameter of the ball bearing (µ): 0.5 cm.
The sample size: 10
This implies, the value of ϒ is: ϒ = (10-1) = 9
The sample mean (given) is: X̄ = 0.502 cm,
And the Standard Deviation: σ = 0.0009
The value of Random Variable: t = ( X̄-µ)/(σ/√n) = 7.027284
Permissible t-value for ϒ=9 & α=0.05: 2.262157163 (computed using the formula: [=TINV(Probability, Degree of Freedom)]
Calculated t-value 7.027 is more than the t-value (permissible) for the degree of freedom value of 9 & probability of 0.05.
So the process is out of control i.e. the bearings are unacceptable.
Q3. A Pharmaceutical Company produces a medicine involving 10 mg of a chemical. The company has four different
plants to produce this medicine. Each day five samples of each plant are taken and quantity of the chemical in them is
determined. The following tables lists these details: (10)
Perform an ANOVA using any software to test (at 5% level) whether all the four plants are producing the medicine
with correct amount of chemical. Justify your findings. Make suitable assumptions, if any.
Solution:
Steps:
As per our problem,
Null Hypothesis states: There is no significant difference in the chemical composition of the medicines produced at
different plants.
Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant difference in the chemical composition of the medicines produced at
different plants.
We enter the data in the Excel spread-sheet.
Now we select Data Tab > Data Analysis > select Anova: Single Factor
The Anova: Single Factor dialog box pops up.
We need to enter:
• The Input Range (here $C$4:$F$8),

• Grouped By Checkbox: ( here Columns)
• The Alpha Value (here 0.05 or 5%)
• And the output range (where the Anova chart is going to be drawn:
And then click on OK.
We get the Anova chart
Based on p-Value, the Thumb rule states "If p-Value is less than he desired level of significance, reject the null hypothesis,
else do not reject the null hypothesis"
In our case the p-value is 2.45542E-05 (i.e. approximately 0.0000245542) which is much less than the desired level of
significance (0.05). So we may safely reject the null hypothesis and adopt the alternate hypothesis
That is:
There is a difference in the chemical composition of the medicines prepared at different plants within the
pharmaceutical company.
Q4. Sales of a departmental store are calculated on daily basis. The following table lists the sales data for first 15
days of the September month. Use spreadsheet software to find the moving averages for the length of 3 and 5. Also
draw suitable graphs of these moving averages. (6)
Solution:
Steps
The daily sales data for the month of September is copied in the tabular format in the Excel Sheet and 2 more columns are added to it :–
(i) 3-Day Moving Average
(ii) 5-Day Moving Average
we can go to Data Analysis > choose Moving Average > select the data and intervals and the output range to get the output.
Now we go to Insert Tab > Charts > Line & choose the necessary Line Chart Style (Line with Marker chosen here) and select the required
data.
For the 3-Day Moving Average, we choose columns 1, 2 & 3 and for 5-Day Moving Average, we choose columns 1, 2 & 4. We also
customize the chart by adding necessary chart titles, vertical & horizontal axis titles:
Q5. A company packs soap solutions in sealed bottle of 2 liters. The quality of process of producing the bottles is
controlled statistically. To do so four different samples are taken at different time each day having 5 samples each.
Calculate the control limits for mean and range, and plot the control charts using any statistical software. Make
suitable assumptions, if any. (6)
The data is given in the following table:
Solution:
Steps:
We enter the data in the Excel spread-sheet and add 2 more columns – Average & Range. The Average (or X- mean) holds the
average of the 5 samples for each of the 4 samples in the day and the Range holds the difference between the maximum and
the minimum quantity between the 5 samples
We enter the formulas: =AVERAGE(B3:F3) in the cell G3 and so on for the rest of the data in the column G
(Average) and
enter the formula: =MAX(B3:F3) – MIN(B3:F3) in the cell H3 and so on for the rest of the data in the column H (Range).
a. On the basis of these mean & range values, X’’ (Mean of Means) and R’ (Mean of the ranges) is calculated as below:
Formula: =SUM (G3:G6)/COUNT (G3:G6) for
=SUM (H3:H6)/COUNT (H3:H6) for
b. Now we compute the Control Limits for Mean and Range separately.
c.
Control Limits for Mean:
UCLx: X double bar + A2 *(R bar)
LCLx: X double bar - A2 *(R bar)
Control Limits for Range:

UCLr: D4*R bar 0.332325
LCLr: D3*R bar 0
[Taking A2 = 0.577]
[Taking D4 as 2.11]
[Taking D3=0 as sample size is 5 which is <7]
Here the sample size is 5
d. We now Final Table taking the Ranges for each samples, the Means for each samples of the day and the Lower &
Upper Control Limits for Both X- Chart & R-Charts as below:
X Chart R Chart
Range X
LCL UCL LCL UCL
0.1 2.038 1.95 2.13 0.00 0.33
0.09 2.058 1.95 2.13 0.00 0.33
0.23 2.018 1.95 2.13 0.00 0.33
0.21 2.054 1.95 2.13 0.00 0.33
e. Next we draw the two Control Charts – X-Chart & R-Chart by going to the Insert Tab of Excel > Select Charts >
Line Chart and selecting a specific chart.
For X-Chart, we take the X column, the LCL & UCL for X-Chart as data & for the R-Chart, we take the Range
column, the LCL & UCL for R Chart to draw the specific graph
Drawing a conclusion: From both the graphs it is quite evident that the soap solution packaging done in sealed
bottles taken at different intervals of the day are quite in tandem and within statistical controls.
Q6. An Ice cream vendor records the sale of Ice cream in different months as given in the following table. Fit a
trend line using any statistical software to this sales data. Make suitable assumptions. (6)
Solution:
Steps
We enter the sample data in the Excel Sheet:
Now we choose Insert > Charts > Line Charts and select any one of the 2D Templates.
On the blank chart, that appears, we right click and choose Select Data
We show Excel the cell range for the required data and click OK.
Once the chart gets populated with the line graph, we select the graph on the chart > right Click to open the context
menu > and choose add trend-line The format trend-line Dialog-Box opens up. We need to choose on or few (if not all) of
the Trend or Regression Types (Exponential, Linear, Logarithmic, Polynomial, Power etc.)
Once the trend-line gets added, the chart looks like below (For the sake of demonstration I’ve chosen to keep 3 types of
trend-line: Linear, 3-Month Moving Average & Polynomial:
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LEARNING SCIENCE

IGNOU BCA(4): BCSL-044

Course Code : BCSL-044

Degree of freedom Significance

Q3. A Pharmaceutical Company produces a medicine involving 10 mg of a chemical. The

The data is given in the following table:

The heights of the students are entered in Excel spread-sheet in a tabular

The total number of classes: 8 (Given)

Degree of freedom Significance

The sample size: 10

This implies, the value of ϒ is: ϒ = (10-1) = 9

The sample mean (given) is: X̄ = 0.502 cm,

And the Standard Deviation: σ = 0.0009

The value of Random Variable: t = ( X̄-µ)/(σ/√n) = 7.027284

So the process is out of control i.e. the bearings are unacceptable.

As per our problem,

We enter the data in the Excel spread-sheet.

The Anova: Single Factor dialog box pops up.

• The Input Range (here $C$4:$F$8),

And then click on OK.

We get the Anova chart

(i) 3-Day Moving Average

(ii) 5-Day Moving Average

The data is given in the following table:

=SUM (H3:H6)/COUNT (H3:H6) for

Control Limits for Range:

We enter the sample data in the Excel Sheet:

For More, Visits: https://learningscience.co.in/shop

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