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-nucleolus -cytoskeleton
-cell membrane -vacuole
-mitochondria -chloroplast
-golgi Apparatus -centrioles
-lysosomes -ribosomes
-endoplasmic reticulum(ER)
*Rough ER & Smooth ER 1
Nucleus
The “brain” of the cell
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Nucleus
CHROMOSOMES- are found inside
the nucleus
carry the information that
Chromosomes – determines what traits a
living thing will have
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DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid
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DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA carries the genetic information of a
cell
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NUCLEOLUS
Like a tiny
nucleus inside the
nucleus.
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CELL MEMBRANE
holds the cell together
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How does the cell membrane work?
13
The Mitochondria structure has three main
parts:
OUTER MEMBRANE:
covers the
mitochondria
INNER MEMBRANE:
folds many times to
increase the surface
area because
chemical reactions (glycolysis) occur here
So…the more space it has the more energy it
can create 14
MATRIX: a fluid
that has water
and proteins all
mixed together
(like a solution)
•The proteins
take the food
molecules in and
combine them
with Oxygen to
release the
energy 15
Endoplasmic Reticulum
also known as the “ER”
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Smooth ER
Creates steroids
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LYSOSOMES (primarily animal)
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LYSOSOMES
• When an organelle no longer works, the
lysosome will attach itself to it and break it
down like food (kind of like a cannibal)
– Chemicals can then be reabsorbed or
excreted
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Lysosome Animation
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CYTOPLASM
Protoplasm- everything inside the cell membrane
Cytosol:
– Mostly H2O
– Contains organelles
– Contains salts, dissolved gasses & nutrients
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CYTOPLASM
cytoplasm
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CYTOSKELETON
• Chief functions include:
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VACUOLE: STORAGE IN PLANT CELLS
• Vacuoles in plants support structure
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VACUOLE CONT’D
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You will know that a plant's vacuoles are
shrinking when you see the plant begin to
droop over
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Turgor Pressure- force exerted by the water
entering (osmosis) the vacuole, which then
swells exerting internal force on the cell wall
•Causes “rigidity” so the plant my increase
by stacking cells 34
Chloroplast
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Chloroplast
•the site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic
cells
•disk-like structures
•Then it is
instantaneously
changed into
ELECTRICAL
energy
•Then packaged as
CHEMICAL energy
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Chloroplast
•photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplast
the process in which plant use
Photosynthesis- water, carbon dioxide, and energy
form the sun to make food
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Chloroplast
•No energy transformation is 100%
efficient
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Types of Ribosomes
•There are two kinds of ribosomes
1) Attached to the rough ER
2) floating in the cell cytoplasm
•Attached ribosomes make proteins that are
used in the ER or transported within the ER
•Free ribosomes make proteins that are used
in the cytoplasm
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Assignment Part A (slides 1-11)
Directions: Write-out and highlight the following
questions. Then use your notes to answer them.
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