Pradeep Singh

M.Sc Botany, B.Ed

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Best Teacher Award - 2017, HTLC New Delhi

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Dictionary of Biology

Abaxial :

The term is used to describes a plant part, side or surface facing away from the the
axis of any organ or part. Dorsal side.

Abdomen :

In vertebrates, the portion of the trunk below diaphragm, towards the belly. Contains
visceral organs like stomach, intestines, liver etc. Posterior parts of insect body. (head,
thorax and abdomen)
Dictionary of Biology

Abiotic :

The nonliving components of an ecosystem, such as water, temperature, humidity,

mineral content of the soil, etc.

Aboral :

Upside down, the aboral surface of a starfish, jellyfish. Away from the mouth in
organisms with no distinct front or back sides.
Dictionary of Biology

Abscisic acid :

ABA. Plant hormone that generally acts to inhibit growth, promote dormancy, and
help the plant to tolerate stressful conditions.

Abscission:

In plants, the dropping of leaves, flowers, fruits etc. at the end of a growing season, as
the result of formation of a two-layered zone of specialized cells (the abscission zone).
Dictionary of Biology

Absorption :

The movement of water and dissolved substances into a cell, tissue, or organism.

Absorption spectrum :

The range of a pigment’s ability to absorb the various wavelengths of light.

Dictionary of Biology

Abyssal zone:

The portion of the ocean floor where light does not penetrate and where temperature
are cold and high pressure.

Acoelomates :

An animal that lacks a coelom. Acoelomates, which include the flatworm, tapeworm,
and ribbon worm, exhibit bilateral symmetry and possess one internal space, the
digestive cavity.
Dictionary of Biology

Acclimatization :

Physiological adjustment to a change in an environmental factor.

Accomodation :

The automatic adjustment of an eye to focus on near objects.

Dictionary of Biology

Acetylcholine :

One of the most common neurotransmitters; functions by binding to receptors and

altering the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to specific ions.

Acetyl coA :

The main compound for the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration; formed from a
fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme. It functions to deliver the acetyl
group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.
Dictionary of Biology

Acrocentric :

Having the centromere located near one end of the chromosome so that one
chromosomal arm is long and the other is short.

Acrosome :

An organelle at the tip of a sperm cell that helps the sperm penetrate the egg.
Dictionary of Biology

ACTH :

Abbreviation of adrenocorticotropic hormone. It is needed for your adrenal glands

to work properly and help our body react to stress.

Actin :

A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other,
forming microfilaments in muscle and other contractile elements in cells.
Dictionary of Biology

Actinomorphic :

Capable of being divided into equal halves along any diameter, as the flowers of the
rose or tulip; radially symmetrical.

Action potential :

A rapid change in the membrane potential of an excitable cell, caused by stimulus-

triggered, selective opening and closing of voltage-sensitive gates in sodium and
potassium ion channels.
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