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LEVEL- 01
01. Anton van Leeuwenhoek communicated his discoveries to the [detailed drawings of
bacteria and protozoa]
1) Royal Society of London 2) Royal Society of America
3) Royal Botanical Garden 4) Royal Society of Netherland
02. Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s most powerful microscopes had magnification of 266 X __
lens powerful enough for studying
1) Nutrition of bacterial cell 2) An average sized bacterial cell
3) Chemical nature of bacterial cell 4) Reproduction of bacterial cell
08. In many bacteria, the cell membrane becomes invaginated and folded to form
1) cristae 2) mesosomes 3) fimbriae 4) flagella
09. The cell organelle found in the protoplasm of bacteria is
1) Endoplasmic reticulum 2) Chloroplast 3) Ribosome 4) Mitochondria
10. Bacterial cell with flagella over the entire surface of the cell
1) Monotrichous 2) Amphitrichous 3) Lophotrichous 4) Peritrichous
12. Nitrobacter is a
1) Photoautotroph 2) Photoheterotroph 3) Chemoautotroph 4) Chemoheterotroph
13. Bacteria which gets their source of energy and carbon both from organic compounds
are
1) Photoautotrophs 2) Photoheterotroph 3) Chemoautotrophs 4) Chemoheterotroph
14. Bacteria which grow as parasite on harmful bacteria and useful for purification of
Ganges water
1) Bdellovibrio bacteriovorous 2) Salmonella typhii 3) Xanthomonas 4) Methanococcus
17. If a bacterial cell divides in every twenty minutes how many bacteria will be formed in
two hours
1) 4 2) 8 3) 16 4) 64
32. If 10 sarcina are formed on the nutrient medium, each from a monococcus, then how
many cells divide in total
1) 30 2) 79 3) 70 4) 80
33. Bacteria were first observed and description of bacteria was given by
1) Robert Koch 2) Leeuwenhoek 3) Louis Pasteur 4) Ehrenberg
41. The number of morphological types of bacteria and cells respectively found in a test
tube which contains 20 monococci, 10 monobacilli, 40 diplococci, 30 tetracocci and 10
sarcina are
1) 5 and 300 2) 2 and 310 3) 2 and 320 4) 4 and 330
44. Flexible and helical rod shaped bacterium from the following is
1) Spirochaeta 2) Beggiotoa 3) Acetobacter 4) Streptobacillus
46. Cells having less than one complete twist are called
1)Vibrioid 2)Bacillus 3)Spirillum 4)Spirochete
48. Plasmid is a
1) Self replicating, circular, naked ssDNA 2) Self replicating, circular, naked ssRNA
3) Self replicating, circular, naked dsDNA 4) Self replicating, circular, naked dsRNA
49. Prokaryotic cell structure is found in
1) Bacteria only 2) Viruses
3) Blue green algae only 4) Both bacteria and blue green algae
52. In the given figure of bacterial cell, cell wall, Nucleoid and Flagellum is indicated by
54. The bacterium which is used to purify the water in river Ganges is
1) Xanthomonas 2) Chromatium 3) Bdellovibrio 4) Rhodospirillum
55. ‘Genophore’ is
1) The DNA of prokaryotes is almost linear and lacks chromatin structure
2) The DNA of prokaryotes is almost circular and with chromatin structure
3) The DNA of eukaryotes is almost linear and without chromatin structure
4) The DNA of prokaryotes is circular and lacks chromatin structure
60. Additional rings of double stranded DNA present in some bacteria are called
1) Nuclein 2) Nucleoids 3) Plasmids 4) Genophore
64. Bacteria, which get carbon from CO2 and derive energy from oxidation of inorganic
substances
1) Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter 2) Beggiotoa and Methanogens
3) Chromatium and Chlorobium 4) 1 and 2
65. Rhodopseudomonas is a
1) Photoautotroph 2) Chemoautotroph 3) Photoheterotroph 4) Chemoheterotroph
66. Which of the following have unusual nutritional adaptation that requires neither
sunlight nor organic nutrients
1) Photoautotrophs 2) Photoheterotrophs 3) Chemoautotrophs 4) Chemoheterotrophs
68. Free living,chemoheterotrophic micro organism that feed primarily on dead organisms
is
1) Bacillus sps 2) Xanthomonas sps 3) Salmonella sps 4) Bdellovibrio sps
69. Who showed bacteria are chemical factories able to bring significant changes in nature.
1) Ehrenberg 2) Koch 3) Louis Pasteur 4) Leeuwenhoek
74. Number of generations of binary fissions required for production of 256 bacteria from
8 bacteria
1) 8 2) 6 3)5 4)7
75. The average generation time of E.coli is 20 minutes. How much time will two E.coli cells
take to become 128 cells
1) 60 min 2) 140 min 3) 2 hrs 4) 20 min
76. If a Bacterium divides for every 15 min, then number of spindle apparatii formed after
5 generations
1) 31 2) 32 3) Zero 4) 15
77. If a bacterial population showing repeated binary fission for every 18 minutes, it took 2
hours to fill half of the cup. How much time it requires to fill the entire cup ?
1)140 min 2)138 min 3)60 min 4)120 min
78. The number of morphological types of bacteria and cells respectively found in a test
tube which contains 20 Monococci, 10Monobacilli, 20 vibrio, 30 Tetracocci and 10 Sarcina
are
1) 5 and 300 2) 3 and 250 3) 2 and 320 4) 4 and 330
79. A bacterium divides after every 35 min, if a culture containing 105 cells per ml is
grown, then cell concentration per ml after 175 min will be
1)175 x 105 2)125 x 105 3)48 x 105 4) 32 x 105
80. Intake of naked DNA fragment from medium in heritable form is called
1) Transformation 2) Transduction 3) Conjugation 4) Binary fission
81. The type of bacterial genetic recombination that occurs by the physical contact of
bacterial cells is
1) Transformation 2) Conjugation 3) Transduction 4) Translocation
83. Biomining is useful for reducing the production cost of valuable metals is about
1) 50% 2) 80% 3) 20% 4) 10%
84. Number of generation required to form streptococcus with 8 bacterial cells from a
single cell
1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 4
89. The type of flagella shown in the figure given below is ___
90. A bacterium divides once in every 25 minutes, if a culture containing 104 cells per ml is
grown for 3 hrs short of 5 minutes. What will be the cell concentration per ml
1) 64 10 4 2) 32 10 4 3)128 10 4 4) 256 10 4
91. When a bacterial population is undergoing binary fission for every 20 minutes in a
cup,it requires 60 minutes to fill half of the cup. How much time it requires to fill entire cup
1) 120 minutes 2) 80 minutes 3) 90 minutes 4) 2 hrs short of 5 minutes
92. A bacterial colony grown on medium contains 105 cells per ml and divides once in every
20 minutes. 50% of total cells stop dividing after one hour and the rest 50% of cells
continue their division for one more hour. Then the total number of cells in the colony at
end is
1) 64 10 5 2) 20 10 5 3) 80 10 5 4) 36 10 5
93. A bacterial cell divides once in 20 minutes by binary fission. How many cells are formed
after 3 hours from one cell
1) 256 2) 512 3) 1024 4) 128
94. In a test tube 10 ml solution is found. Each ml contains 5 10 3 bacteria. After one hour
through binary fission, no of bacteria in each ml is (doubling time 20 mts)
1) 40 10 3 2) 20 10 3 3)80 10 3 4)10 10 3
95. A test tube is filled with bacteria within 2 hours. The bacteria can undergo binary
fission for every five minutes. How much time is needed to fill 1/ 4th of the test tube
1)115 min 2)110 min 3)105 min 4)100 min
96. Number of binary fissions, number of generations of divisions and number of spindle
apparatii formed to produce one sarcina from its single cell respectively are
1) 7-3-7 2) 7-3-0 3) 3-7-0 4) 7-7-0
97. If 100 F bacteria and 100F bacteria participate in conjugation then after
conjugation
1) 200F bacteria are produced 2) 200F bacteria are produced
3) 100 100 F and F bacteria are produced 4) 50 50 F and F bacteria are produced
98. A bacterial cell colony has 70F bacteria and 30F bacteria, divided once by binary
fission and then all the compatible bacteria have involved in conjugation process. All F
cells further divided for two more times. Find the total number of F cells subjected for
divisions in the process and, total number of F cells observed at the end respectively
(Every binary fission take place once in 20 minutes)
1) 30 ; 800 2) 60 ; 800 3) 60 ; 560 4) 120 ; 560
99. An E.coli colony with 6000 cells is growing on a nutrient medium contains 40% F cells.
If 60% of the total F cells present in the colony participate in conjugation with F cells,
what is the total number of F and F cells, respectively found in the colony after
conjugation
1) 3,600 and 2,400 2) 4320 and 1680 3) 5760 and 240 4) 3000 and30000
103. Select the correct chronological sequence of the following events in relation to bacteria
A) Discovery of conjugation in Bacteria B) Coined the term ‘Bacteria’
C) Discovery of Bacteria by Leeuwenhoek
1) A,B,C 2) C,B,A 3) B,C,A 4) A,B,C
105. Find out the correct features related to the bacteria used in purification of river water
Ganges, I) It is a Parasite, II) It grows over harmful bacteria, III) It is a Symbiont, IV) It
is known as predacious bacteria
1) I and II only 2) I and III only 3) I, II, IV 4) All the above
106. Select the correct statement related to plasmids, I) These are circular, naked, single
stranded DNA, II) They usually contain few genes, III) They replicate independent of
chromosomal DNA, IV)These are not important agents in modern genetic engineering
1) I and II are correct 2) I and II only correct 3) II and III are correct 4) I, II, III, IV
107. Identify the correct descending order of the following bacteria with reference to the
number of flagella
I) Amphitrichous II) Peritrichous III) Lophotrichous IV) Monotrichous
1) II, I, IV, III 2) II, III, I, IV 3) IV, III, II, I 4) IV, III, I, II
109. Select the correct statement related to the Genetic recombination method developed
by
Lederberg and Tatum
I) Conjugation is not a sexual process
II) Conjugation requires a special apparatus called ‘Sex pili’
III) Recipient cell contains F plasmid
IV) F+ is converted into F-
1) I and II only 2) II and IV only 3) I, II, III only 4)Except II all are incorrect
112. There are four types of cocci such as A, B, C and D. A is having double the number of
cells present in ‘C’. B is having four times more than the number of cells of ‘C’ and half the
number of cells to D. Identify the correct sequence of A, B, C and D.
1) Diplococcus, monococcus, tetracoccus and Sarcina
113. I) Sex pili are found in F+ bacteria II) Sex pili forms conjugation tube III) Mesosomes
are useful for genetic recombination. IV) Spherical shaped bacteria do not form chains.
Identify the incorrect statement.
1) IV only 2) III & I 3) III and IV 4) I & IV
118. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during binary fission of
bacteria?
I) New cell wall is laid II) Appearance of constriction
III) Invagination of plasma membrane IV) DNA replicates
1) IV,I,II,III 2) I,IV,III,II 3) IV,III,II,I 4)IV,III,I,II
119. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a I) Parasitic organism II) Bacteria III) Useful for
purification oil spillages in sea water
1) I alone is correct 2) II and III are correct 3) I and II are correct 4) I and III are correct
120. Find out the correct features related to the Bacteria involved in purification of water
from the river Ganges
I) It is a parasite II ) It is saprophyte III)Feeds on other bacteria IV) Symbiont
1) I and II 2) I and III 3) II and III 4) III and IV
121 From the following choose the bacterial disease A) Cholera B) Polio C) Tetanus D)
Leprosy E) Mad cow F) Syphilis
1) A, B, E,F 2) B, E, C, D 3) A, B, C, D, E 4) A, C, D,
LEVEL- II
(‘Assertion’ and ‘Reason’ type Questions)
1) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation to A
2) A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation to A
3)A is true but R is false
122. (A): Bacteria are placed under kingdom Monera in Whittaker’s five kingdom classification.
(R): The bacteria have prokaryotic cellular organization.
127. (A): Some bacteria are deadly parasites on plants, animals and human beings.
(R) : Parasites are chemoheterotrophs, they derive nutrients from the cell and tissues of host
organisms and cause diseases.
129. (A): Chromatium and Chlorobium obtained energy from sunlight and carbon from the
atmospheric CO2 .
(R) : All bacteria are photoautotrophs.
130. (A): Some Bacillus sps. are free living saprophytes
(R): Dead bodies of plants and animals are decomposed by some bacillus sps.
133. (A): Plasmid is a small circular DNA molecule present in prokaryotic cells.
(R) : Plasmid is a component of bacterial nucleus.
3) I III II IV 4) V I III IV
A B C
1) Vibrio Spirillum Spirochaete 2) Spirochaete Vibrio Spirillum
3) Spirillum Vibrio Spirochaete 4) Vibrio Spirochaete Spirillum
172. Which of the following pairs of bacteria is involved in two step conversion of NH3 into
nitrate (CPMT-2004)
1) Azotobacter and Nitrosomonas2) Pseudomonas and Nitrobacter
3) Azotobacter and Achromobacter 4) Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter
174. Match the following bacteria with diseases and choose the correct option (Kerala -
2004)
Column - I Column - II
a) Treponema pallidum i) Plague
b) Pasturella pestis ii) Anthrax
c) Bacillus anthracis iii) Syphilis
d) Vibrio iv) Cholera
1) a-i, b-iii, c-ii, d-iv 2) a-iii, b-i, c-ii, d-iv
3) a-ii,b-iii,c-i, d-iv 4) a-iv,b-iii,c-i,d-ii
178. Which one of the following is a free living aerobic and non-photosynthetic nitrogen
fixing bacterium (JKCET - 2004)
1) Azotobacter 2) Rhizobium 3) Anabaena 4) Clostridium
180. Match the type of bacteria listed in column I with their activity given in column II.
Choose the correct combination of alphabets of the two columns (KCET-2004)
Column - I Column - II
(Type of Bacteria) (Activity)
a) Streptomyces p) Food poisoning
b) Rhizobium q) Source of antibiotics
c) Nitrosomonas r) Nitrogen fixation
d) Acetobacter s) Nitrification
t) Vinegar synthesis
1) a-s, b-t, c-p, d-r 2) a-t, b-p, c-r, d-s 3) a-q, b-r, c-p, d-t 4) a-q, b-r, c-s, d-t
182. For retting of jute the fermenting microbe used is (CBSE - 2005)
1)Methanophilic bacteria 2)Butyric acid bacteria
3)Helicobacter pylori 4) Sreptococcus lactin
189. Curing of tea leaves is brought about by the activity of (CBSE - 2006)
1) Fungi 2) Bacteria 3) Mycorrhiza 4) Viruses
190. The bacterium (Clostridium botulinum) that causes botulism is (CBSE - 2006)
1) An obligate aerobe 2) A facultative anaerobe
191. (A) :- Gram negative bacteria do not retain the stain when washed with alcohol
(R) :- The outer surface of outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria contains
lipopolysaccharides, a part of which are integrated into the membrane lipids (AIIMS - 2006)
1) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation to A
2) A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation to A
3) A is true but R is false
4) A is false but R is true
192. The cell wall material present both in blue greenalgae and bacteria is (COMEDK
2006)
1) Pectin 2) Chitin 3) Muramic acid 4) Cellulose
199. Genophore term was coined b Hans Ris for (MPPMT - 2007)
1) Genetic material of virus 2) Stack on which spore originated
3)Bacterial chromosome 4)Fungal chromosome
201. Which of the following is the function of nitrifying bacteria ? (Orissa - 2010)
1) Oxidises NH3 to NO3 2) Oxidises NH3 to NH4
3) Converts NO3 to NH3 4) Converts NO3 to N2
204. (A) :- The true nucleus is generally absent in E.coli and other prokaryotes
(R) :- An undifferentiated. unorganised fibrillar nucleus without any limiting membrane is
observed in prokaryotic cells (AIIMS-2007)
1) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation to A
2) A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation to A
3) A is true but R is false 4) A is false but R is true
206. In the light of recent classification of living organisms into three domains of life
(bacteria, archaea and eukarya), which one of the following statements is true about
archaea ? (CBSE-2008)
1) Archaea completely differ from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
2) Archaea completely differ from prokaryotes
3) Archaea resemble eukarya in all respects
4) Archaea have some novel features that areabsent in other prokaryotes and eukaryotes
207. Nobel prize for medicine was given for confirming the role Helicobacter pylaria in
causing (KCET-2008)
1) Rhinitis 2) Nephritis 3) Peptic ulcer 4) Bronchitis
208. Shorter generation time of E.coli compared to eukaryotes may be explained on the
basis of (W.B 2008)
1) Shape 2) Large surface/volume ratio 3) Presence of cell wall 4)Absence of organelles
209. On the basis of rRNA genes bacteria are divided into (Orissa-2008)
1) Gram + Ve and Gram –Ve 2) Bacteria and archaebacteria
3) Actinomyces and mycoplasma 4) Cyanobacteria and mycoplasma
211. (A) :- Esherichia coli, Shigella sps. And Salmonella sps. are all responsible for diarrhoeal
diseases
(R) :- Dehydration is common to all types of diarrhoeal diseases and adequate supply of fluids
and electrolytes should be ensured (AIIMS-2008)
1) A and R are true and R is the correct explanation to A
2) A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation to A
3)A is true but R is false 4)A is false but R is true
212. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Gram positive bacteria ? (Kerala -
2008)
1) Cell wall is smooth 2) Outer membrane is present
3) Mesosomes are distinctively prominent
4) Basal body of flagellum contains two rings
5) Murein content of cell wall is 70-80%
218. Bacterium divides after every 35 minutes. If culture containing 105 cells per ml is
grown, cell concentration per ml after 175 minutes will be (BHUS - 2008)
1) 48 x 105 2) 175 x 105 3) 125 x 105 4) 32 x 105
222. Cell wall of bacteria and blue green algae composed of (CPMT-2009)
1) Muramic acid 2) Lipoprotein 3) Glycolipid 4) Chitin
227. In prokaryotes, the mitochondria are absent, even then Krebs cycle takes place. What
is the site of Krebs cycle in bacteria ? (Manipur - 2009)
1) Cytoplasm 2) Nucleoid 3) Ribosome 4) Plasma membrane
229. Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria are differentiated on the basis of (Orissa-2009)
1) Cell wall 2) Flagella 3) Nucleus 4) DNA
230. Some hyperthermophilic organisms that grow in highly acidic (pH 2) habitats belong
to the two groups : (CBSE-2010)
1) Cyanobacteria and diatoms 2) Protista and mosses
3) Liverworts and yeasts 4) Eubacteria and archaea
232. Select the correct combination of the statements (a-4) regarding the characteristics of
certain organisms (CBSEM-2010)
a) Methanogens are archaebacteria which produce methane in marshy area
b) Nostoc is a filamentous blue green alga which fixes atmospheric nitrogen
c) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria synthesize cellulose from glucose
d) Mycoplasma lack a cell wall and can survive without oxygen
The correct statements are :
1) b,c 2) a,b,c 3) b,c,d 4) a,b,d
233. Bacteria with group of flagella on both sides are (CPMT - 2010)
1) Amphitrichous 2) Cephalotrichous 3) Peritrichous 4) Lophotrichous
234. Which one of the following processes results in the formation of a clone of bacteria ?
(KCET - 2010)
1) Binary fission 2) Conjugation 3) Transformation 4) Transduction
235. Archaea differ from eubacteria in one of the following features. Choose the correct
answer (COMEDK-2010)
1) They have a rigid cell wall 2) They have 16 S RNA
3) They are very ancient 4)Their cell wall lacks peptidoglycan component
1) Meselson and stahl 2) Hershey and chase 3) Griffith 4) Watson and crick
242. Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered a world of invisible creatures and called them as
‘Animalcules’.
247. Bacteria and cyanobacteria exhibit similar cell structure and nuclear organisation and lacks
cell membrane.
249. With regard to arrangement of cells in bacteria, it is more complex in Cocci than in Bacilli.
252. Escherichia coli is an inhabitant of human intestine, reproduce sexually by conjugation and
is used extensively in genetic engineering.
257. All saprophytic and parasitic bacteria derive carbon and energy from inorganic source.
258. Bacterium with a single flagellum at each end of the cell is called monotrichous.
265. During Binary fission in bacteria, spindle formation does not occurs.
267. DNA replication and meiosis occurs during bacterial sexual reproduction.
268. Genetic material in bacterial cell is always a singlestranded circular naked DNA.
269. DNA in bacterial cell is not associated with histones and not bound by nuclear membrane.
271. 70s ribosomes are common in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
274. Bacteria represents dominant group of microbes present in the soil than any other microbe.
275. Saprophytic and parasitic bacteria have biomedical importance.
276. Bacterial plasmids can be manipulated in the laboratory and are used as vectors in rDNA
technology.
277. Conjugation is genetic transfer through direct contact between two bacterial cells and is
facilitated by conjugative plasmids.
281. The principle involved in germ theory of disease is that microorganisms cause disease.
283. Use of microbes in mining reduces the cost of metal production by more than 50%.
284. Bacterial flagella are made up of tubulin and do not show 9+2 configuration in their ultra
structure.
286. Leeuwenhoek and Ehrenberg observed the pathogenic nature of bacteria in plants, animals
and human beings.
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 3 5) 2 6) 1 7) 3 8) 2 9) 3 10) 4
11) 4 12) 3 13) 4 14) 1 15) 1 16) 1 17) 4 18) 1 19) 21 20) 3
21) 2 22) 3 23) 4 24) 4 25) 2 26) 4 27) 4 28) 1 29) 3 30) 4
31) 4 32) 3 33) 2 34) 3 35) 3 36) 2 37) 1 38) 3 39) 1 40) 4 41) 2 42) 3 43) 1 44) 1 45) 2 46) 1
47) 4 48) 3 49) 4 50) 4 51) 2 52) 2 53) 1 54) 3 55) 4 56) 3 57) 4 58) 3 59) 4 60) 3 61) 3 62) 3
63) 4 64) 4 65) 3 66) 3 67) 4 68) 1 69) 3 70) 1 71) 2 72) 1 73) 1 74) 3 75) 3 76) 3 77) 2 78) 2
79) 4 80) 1 81) 2 82) 1 83) 1 84) 1 85) 2 86) 1 87) 4 88) 2 89) 2 90) 3 91) 2 92) 4 93) 2 94) 1
100) 1 101) 2 102) 1 103) 2 104) 4 105) 3 106) 3 107) 2 108) 4 109) 4 110) 1 111) 3 112) 4
LEVEL-II
(‘assertion’ and ‘Reason’ type Questions)
122) 1 123) 1 124) 1 125) 1 126) 1 127) 1 128) 1 129) 3 130) 1 131) 3 132) 1 133) 3
134) 2 135) 2 136) 2 137) 2 138) 1 139) 1 140) 4 141) 4 142) 3 143) 1 144)3 145)3
146)1 147)1 148)1 149)3 150)3
230) 4 231) 1 232) 4 233) 1 234) 1 235) 4 236) 3 237) 2 238) 3 239) 2 240) 4
122. Whittaker placed all prokaryotic organisms under kingdom Monera. Bacteria have
prokaryotic cellular organisation, they were kept under kingdom Monera. So ‘A’ is true,‘R’is
true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
123. Ubiquitous means found every where. Bacteria are found in soil, water, air and on or inside
living organisms. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
124. Exergonic reaction means during the formation of products energy is released.
chemoautotrophs gets energy by the oxidation of inorganic sub stances. So ‘A’ is true,‘R’ is true
and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
125. Bacteria which change their shape depending up on the type of environment and nutrients
available are called pleomorphic. Acetobactor is a pleomorphic bacteria. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is
true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
126. Bacterial cells are haploid. No true sexual reproduction is present. Meiosis and mitosis does
not occurs. Gametes are not formed. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
127. Parasites derive nutrients from the cell and tissues of host organisms on disturbing of the
metabolic activity and causes diseases. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
128. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus grows as a parasite on some harmful bacteria found in river
Ganges and kills them. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
129. All bacteria are not photoautotrophs. So ‘A’ is true and ‘R’ is false
130. Saprophytes grow on decaying organic matter and helps in decomposition. So ‘A’ is true,
‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
131. Peptidoglycan is not a phospholipid it is a murien or muramic acid. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is
false
132. Conjugation is a very conservative process, in that the donor bacterium generally retains a
copy of the genetic material being transferred. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
133. Plasmid is extra nuclear material and not a component of nucleus. So ‘A’ is true,’R’is false
134. Binary fission means, the dividing bacterial cell produces two genetically identical daughter
cells. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true but not correct explanation
135. Gametes and gametangia are not formed in bacteria. Meiosis and mitosis does not occur. So
‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true but not correct expla nation
136. Conjugation is a type of sexual reproduction in a bacteria. During this process genetic
recombination it occurs by direct physical contact between bacterial cells.Genetic recombination
also occurs by transformation and transduction. Hence ‘R’ is not the correct explains of ‘A’.
139. Saprophytic bacteria decompose the dead organic matter and clean the environment. They
act as natural scavengers. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
140. Scavengers of nature is applicable to saprophytic bacteria only. So ‘A’is false and ‘R’ is
true
141. Symbiotic bacteria are non-pathogenic. So ‘A’i s true ‘R’is ture and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
142. Methanobacillus is an anaerobe. They can not use oxygen. So ‘A’ is true ‘R’ is false
143. As bacteria exhibits both beneficial and harmful activities, they are considered as friends
and foes of man. So ‘A’ is true ‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
144. Rhodospirillum is a photoheterotroph and gets carbon from organic source (either from
glucose or amino acids) and energy from sunlight. So ‘A’ is true and ‘R’ is false
145. Bacteria reproduces asexually by binary fission and it is most common method that occurs
during favourable conditions. So ‘A’ is true and ‘R’ is false
146. Sex pili are elongated tubular structures with hollow core and forms conjugation tube
(bridge) between conjugants. So ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
147. Photoautotrophs gets energy from sunlight and carbon from atmospheric CO2 . Chlorobium
is a photoautotroph, so ‘A’ is true, ‘R’ is true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
148. Botulism is a type of disease in humans due to food poisoning and it is due to a bacterium
called Clostridium botulinum. So both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ explains ‘A’
149. Methanogens produce methane anaerobically from dung. So ‘A’ is true and ‘R’ is false
150. Prokaryotes like bacteria and cyanobacteria exhibit similar cell structure and nuclear
organisation. They lack nuclear membrane and nucleoli and shows cell membrane. So ‘A’ is true
and ‘R’ in false.
245. The process of mild heating to kill particular spoilage due to microorganisms is called
pasteurization.
247. Bacteria and Cyanobacteria exhibit similar cell structure and nuclear organisation and lacks
nuclear membrane.
257. All saprophytic and parasitic bacteria derive carbon and energy from organic source.
258. Bacterium with a single flagellum at each end of the cell is called amphitrichous.
267. DNA replication occurs but meiosis does not occurs during bacterial sexual reproduction.
268. Genetic material in bacterial cell is double stranded circular naked DNA.
286. Robert Koch observed the pathogenic nature of bacteria in plants, animals and human
beings.