Fast Class

SUBJECT AND OBJECT QUESTIONS

. WHO DO I GIVE THIS TO? OBJETO

. WHAT HAPPENED TO YOU LEG? SUJETO

USED TO, USUALLY

. didn’t use to and never used to: My parents didn’t use to go out much, so we spent a lot of time
together. We never used to understand my dad's jokes.

. There is no present tense of used to. Use adverbs of frequency instead: They usually go out to a
restaurant once or twice a week. How many times a month do you usually visit them?

PRESENT PERFECT

. He hasn’t worked here long. He started a few weeks ago.

. We can use the adverbials not any more and not any longer to say that a past habit or state has now
stopped: I don’t play football any more. I usually go to the gym instead. They don’t live in the same
house any longer.

. We can use the adverb still to talk about a past habit or state that has not changed: I still love board
games. I frequently play Chinese Chequers. Do you still see him very often?

MODALS AND PHRASES OF ABILITY

. BE ABLET TO

1. In the present perfect, past perfect and after modal verbs. How long have you been able to
drive? We hope we’ll be able to come on Saturday. Everyone should be able to swim
2. After other verbs (e.g. want, need, like) or prepositions (e.g. of, about). The person who gets
the job needs to be able to speak English. I like being able to visit my parents regularly. Don't
worry about not being able to understand You’ll be fine!
3. Specific past achievements. Don’t use could for specific past achievements: When I went to
France last year, I was able to visit the Louvre.

ZERO, FIRST CONDITIONAL

1 The first conditional talks about what will probably happen in the future as a result of something.

2 The zero conditional talks about what always happens as a result of something.

MODALS OF OBLIGATION

can can’t don’t have to must mustn’t ought to should

COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

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Comparison

. We can change the degree of comparison with words like a lot, much, far, even, slightly, a bit, a
little: Life’s a lot more interesting than before/ She’s a bit happier than she used to be. He’s speaking
much more slowly than usual today.

. The opposite of more is less. We can use it with all adjectives and adverbs: The car’s slightly less
clean than it was. I drive less quickly than he does.

. as + adjective/adverb + as shows that two things are equal; not as ...as means less than-. They're as
wealthy as the royal family. She doesn’t listen as carefully as she should.

. Some common adverbs can change the degree of the comparison: You’re just as pretty as your
sister! (= exactly equal) My brother isn't nearly as hard-working as me. (= very different) She doesn’t
sleep quite as well as I do. (= slightly different)

. That’s by far the highest mountain I've ever climbed

as good as

a bit longer than

the best

by far the highest

much better than

much cheaper

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{not) as ... as. cheap fun good for you healthy interesting nice spicy sweet tasty

MODALS OF DEDUCTION

It must be a holiday home.

It might be a holiday home.

It could be a holiday home.

It can’t be a holiday home.

QUANTIFERS

. some, any and no

We usually use some in positive statements and any in negatives and questions: There are some nice
views from the hotel. He doesn’t have any good music.

. We can also use no in positive sentences to talk about zero quantity: There’s no crime around here.
To talk about zero quantity, we can use none of+ plural or none: None of my friends could help.

. Large quantities

We use lots of/a lot of in positive sentences, not many I not much / not a lot of in negative sentences
and many / much / a lot of in questions: There are quite a lot of cars on the roads today. I haven’t got
much money with me. Did many people come to the concert? We don’t need a lot of time to finish
this work. In positive sentences, we can use plenty of to show we are happy with the amount: Don’t
worry - we've got plenty of food.

. Small quantities

We use a few/ a little to talk about an amount. We use few/ little to talk about a negative amount
(i.e. there is not a lot): We have a little time before the show starts. There are a few things I need
from the shops. I have very little time to finish this work. This dish has very few ingredients.

We can say quite a few/ very few/ very little to increase / decrease the amount.

too / not enough We use too much / too many+ noun to say there is more than the right amount. We
use not enough to say that there is less than the right amount: I have too much furniture There isn’t
enough room for all of it! I couldn't move at the concert because there were too many people t We
also use too + adjective / adverb and not + adjective / adverb enough: This suitcase is too heavy.
They won’t let you on the plane. You're walking too quickly, I can’t keep up! The meeting room isn’t
big enough for all of us. There aren’t enough chairs. You're not walking fast enough. Hurry up!

There are lots of species of plants in the High Line park.

How many visitors go to the park each year?

There is too much crime in the park

Jen thinks there are too many tourists there.

The website contains lnot enough information.

There’s too much rubbish in the park.

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UNIT 1

COMMUNICATION

ARGUE WITH

COMPLAIN

ENCOURAGE SOMEONE

PERSUADE

INSIST ON

GREET SOMEONE

FACE TO FACE

INTERVIEWING

TELLING A JOKE

KEEPING IN TOUCH

Express

GRADABLE AND EXTREME ADJECTIVES

awful

Boiling

brilliant

delicious

enormous

Filthy

Freezing

furious

miserable

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Tiny

exhausted

. Good, bad, dificult: quite, very, really and extremely

. Perfect, useless: completely, absolutely

VETERANS

BABY BOOMERS

GENERATION X

MILENIALS

ARGUE COMPLAIN

GIVE

EXPRESS

KEEP

PERSUADE

SPEAK

TELL

GRADABLE AND EXTREME ADJECTIVES

UNIT 2

WORK

APPLIED FOR

CANDIDATES

CAREER

KNOWLEDGE

EMPLOYEES

IN CHANGE OF

GRADES

BUSINESS CONTACTS

EMPLOYERS

TECHNOLOGY

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APP

BROWSER

ICON

TEXT MESSAGE

USERNAME

DEVICE

DISPLAY

KEYBOARD

PASSWORD

turn off / send/ delete an email 2 download / press / share a video 3 install / share / upload some
photos 4 install/ download/ press a new app 5 turn off / turn on / delete a phone 6 upload/ press/
dick on a button or icon 7 connect to / send / browse the internet 8 type / change / turn on a
password

UNIT 3

RELATIONSHIPS

Have in common

Get on

Get on with

Get to know

Friendship

Relationship

Keep in touch

Emotional support

Background

Personality

Relatives

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Sense of humor

Interests

Only child

Childhood

Raise

UNIT 3

ONLY CHILD

NEPHEW

NIECE

OLDER SISTER

MIDDLE CHILD

OLDEST CHILD

CHILDHOOD

GENERATIONS

GREW UP

GET TOGHETHER

MIX US UP

GROW APART

CUT ALL OUR HAIR OFF

HANG OUT WITH

RING ME UP

BROUGHT ME UP

TAKE AFTER

UNIT 4

ABILITY

talented

confident

brilliant

ability

intelligent

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a positive attitude

successful

achievement

give up

bright

Amused bored depressed

Disapointed

Fascinated

Interested

Relaxed

Satisfied

Terrified

Talkative

Sensitive

Shy

Lively

Active

Sociable

CONFIDENCE

CONFIDENT

SUCCESFUL

SUCCESS

PATIENT

PATIENCE

TALKATIVE

SATISFY

RELAX

DISAPPOINT

TERRIFY

DEPRESS

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Unit 5

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

LOCAL

DESTROY

NATURAL

SPECIES

SURVIVE

LIMIT

ENDANGERED

CREATURE

PREVENT

WILDLIFE

PORTECT

CONSERVATION PROJECTS

DAMAGED

CLIMATE CHANGE

THE ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

THE NATURAL WORLD

BAY

CAVE

COAST

DESERT

RAINFOREST

STREAM

VALLEY

WATERFALL

pollution prevent wildlife endangered conversation project protect save damaged

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Climate change the environment enviromentally friendly

Recycle

UNIT 6

MULTI-WORD VERBS

EAT OUT

PICK UP

SHOW SOMEONE AROUND

GET AROUND

TURN UP

LOOKNG AROUND

GO BACK

GO AWAY

Get around pick up show around

DESCRIBING FOOD

CREAMY

DRIED

COOKED

RAW

HEAVY

LIGHT

SWEET

SOUR

VERBS

ADD

CHOP

FRY

HEAT UP

MASH

MIX

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SERVE

SQUEEZE

STIR

Fresh

Mash

Chop

Rich

Crunchy

Crossing

Conditioning

Rush

Cycle

Cash

Lane

Machine

BUILDINGS

Moving house

Renting

Level

Floor

Views

Sights

Locatio

Neighbourhood

Uptairs

Balcony

ATTIC

BASEMENT

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BLOCK OF FLATS

DOORBELL

FIRST FLOOR

FRONT DOOR

GROUND FLOOR

LANDING

LOCK

STEPS

TERRACE

Move out

Move into

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Key word
transformations
Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two
and five words, including the word given. There is an example at the beginning.

Example:
It hasn’t taken Sam long to learn Spanish.
picked
Sam ……...........................…………...........................…
has picked up Spanish very quickly.

1 We must take as much advantage as possible of any opportunity to speak English.

most
We have to make the most of any opportunity to speak English.

2 Honestly, I don’t mind where we go for our summer holidays.

matter
Honestly, it doesn´t matter to me where we go for our summer holidays.

3 Could you speak English when you were younger?

able
When you were younger, were you able to speak English?

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4 What’s the answer to sixteen minus eight?

away
If you take eight away/away eight from sixteen, what’s the answer?

5 Three hundred students entered the swimming competition last year.

part
Three hundred students took part in the swimming competition last year.

6 The students will finish their English course at the end of June.
have
The English course will have finished at the beginning of July.

7 There will be no more oil available in this area in 2030.

run
Oil supplies in this area will have run out by the year 2031.

8 My sister doesn’t like computer games very much.

keen
My sister isn’t/is not very keen on computer games.

9 ‘Did you eat the chocolates?’ Maria said to Peter.

asked
Maria asked Peter if he had eaten the chocolates.

10 Bob hadn’t seen his uncle for several years. gone

After several years had gone by, Bob saw his uncle again.

11 I needed a cup of coffee this morning but I didn’t have time for one.
done
I could have done with a cup of coffee this morning but I didn’t have time for one.

12 I’m not going to tolerate this untidiness any longer. up

7 will (have) run out
I have no intention of putting up with this untidiness any longer. 8 isn’t/is not very keen on
9 asked Peter if he had

13 We went for a walk although it was raining yesterday. 10 had gone by

11 could have done with
spite 12 of putting up with
13 in spite of the rain
We went for a walk in spite of the rain yesterday. 14 is bound to be
15 you lend me
16 haven’t/have not fallen out for
14 I’m sure it will be raining tomorrow. bound
17 despite the fact that we
It is bound to be raining tomorrow. 18 John has gone/come down
19 found the film really boring
20 had better go

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15 Could I borrow some change for the telephone?

lend
Could you lend me some change for the telephone?

16 It’s ages since my sister and I had an argument.

out
My sister and I haven’t/have not fallen out for ages.
17 We are friends although we have disagreements about some things.
despite
We are friends despite the fact that we disagree about some things.

18 Has John caught a cold? down

Can you tell me if John has gone/come down with a cold?

19 I was really bored by the film last night. found

I found the film really boring I was bored the last night.

20 I think it’s time the children went to bed now. had

I think the children had better go to bed now.

21 The problem we were faced with was a serious one.

came
The problem we came into was a serious one.

22 It was a mistake not to apply for the job.

wish
I ……...........................…………...........................…… for the job.

23 Being rich has no connection with being happy.

nothing
Being rich ……...........................…………...........................…… being happy.

24 I can’t wait to see the sights in London.

forward
I am ……...........................…………...........................…… the sights in London.

25 The tourist trade is much better now than it was last month.
picked
The tourist trade ……...........................…………...........................…… noticeably since last
month.

26 Governments should preserve all the world’s languages.

ought
All the world’s languages ……...........................…………...........................……
governments.
27 The tennis players’ match is still going on.

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finished
The tennis players ……...........................…………...........................…… yet.

28 What time does your plane land tomorrow? when

Can you tell ……...........................…………...........................…… tomorrow?

29 The family always spent their holidays climbing in the mountains.

used
The family’s holidays ……...........................…………...........................…… climbing in the
mountains.

30 Physical exercise won’t hurt you if you are careful. do

Physical exercise won’t ……...........................…………...........................…… if you are
careful.

31 How does a rock climber differ from a mountaineer?

between
What ……...........................…………...........................…… a rock climber and a
mountaineer?

32 This new dining table is bigger than the one we had before.
not
The dining table we had before ……...........................………….......................…… this new
one.

33 It was not a good idea for you to refuse the offer of that job. down
You should ……...........................…………........................... the offer of that job.

34 My teacher suggested that I spent the summer in England.

advised
My teacher ……...........................…………...........................…… the summer in England.

35 The film is not as interesting as the novel was. much

The novel ……...........................…………...........................…… the film.

36 Will your neighbours look after your dog when you go away?
take
Do you know if your neighbours
……...........................…………...........................…… your dog when you go away?
37 Tom, wouldn’t it be a good idea to take the students swimming tomorrow? how
Tom, ……...........................…………...........................…… the students swimming
tomorrow?

38 Miss Jones first came to teach us a month ago.

for
Miss Jones ……...........................…………...........................…… a month now.

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39 We are noticing a rise in the cost of living again.

appears
The cost of living ……...........................…………...........................…… again.

40 While we were going home, we had an accident.

way
We ……...........................…………...........................…… home when we had an accident.

41 I’m worried about that bruise on your hand.

look
I don’t ……...........................…………....................…… that bruise on your hand.

42 Susan has had no success with her plans to work abroad, unfortunately.
through
Susan’s plans to work abroad ……...........................…………...........................… ,
unfortunately.

43 ‘Don’t forget to phone tomorrow,’ said my mother.

told
My mother ……...........................…………...........................…… to phone the next day.

44 ‘Did anyone notice anything unusual?’ asked the police officer. if

The police officer wanted to ……...........................…………...........................…… anything
unusual.

45 Whatever you do, don’t lift that heavy suitcase. up

I’d advise you not ……...........................…………...........................…… that heavy
suitcase.

46 Maybe John has not remembered about tonight’s party.

could
I suppose John ……...........................…………...........................…… about tonight’s party.
47 You should not think that the accident was your fault. blame
It would be wrong ……...........................…………...........................…… for the accident.

48 I am sure Maria finds reading interesting because she has lots of books. must
Maria ……...........................…………...........................…… reading because she has lots of
books.

49 I hope you were not discouraged by Sandra from going to the concert.
put
I hope Sandra ……...........................…………...........................…… going to the concert.

50 I have been to this restaurant three times now.

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time
This ……...........................…………...........................…… I have been to this restaurant
now.

51 I am so exhausted that I won’t be able to go out tonight.

too
I ……...........................…………...........................…… go out tonight.

52 The runners had a difficult time competing in the race.

part
The runners who ……...........................…………...........................…… the race had a
difficult time.

53 Do you know when the race is being held next year?

place
When ……...........................…………...........................…… next year?

54 It will be necessary to send this letter first class. have

This letter ……...........................…………...........................…… first class.

55 ‘Are you waiting to be served?’ said the waitress to me.

asked
The waitress ……...........................…………...........................…… waiting to be served.

56 Buying those jeans was not a sensible thing for me to do yesterday.

only
If ……...........................…………...........................…… those jeans yesterday.
57 The owner established the company in 2001. up
The company ……...........................………….......................... the owner in 2001.

58 We booked seats but it was not necessary because there was plenty
of room. booked
We ……...........................…………...........................…… seats because there was plenty
of room.

59 It is difficult for Paul to decide what to do. mind

Paul finds it difficult ……...........................…………........................... what to do.

60 Bad weather delayed the building project for several weeks.

set
The building project ……...........................…………...........................…… for several
weeks by the bad weather.

61 Sara cleaned every bit of her room before her cousin came to stay.

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top
Sara cleaned her room ……...........................…………...........................…… before her
cousin came to stay.

62 Travelling by bus is cheaper than travelling by train. more

Travelling by train ……...........................…………...........................…… travelling by bus.

63 Leaving school made me realise that my childhood was over.

brought
Leaving school ……...........................…………...........................…… me that my childhood
was over.

64 I never find time to tidy my desk. round

I never ……...........................…………...........................…… my desk.

65 Please behave as if you are in your own house during your stay. make
I’d like you all ……...........................…………...........................…… home during your stay.

66 I am not tall enough to reach the top of this cupboard.

taller
If I ……...........................…………...........................…… reach the top of this cupboard.
67 I’d like you to connect me to the managing director’s extension number. through
Could you ……...........................…………...........................…… the managing director’s
extension number?

68 To tell the truth, we need a swimming pool for this school. what
To tell the truth, ……...........................…………...........................…… a swimming pool for
this school.

69 Do you know whose this umbrella is, by any chance?

belongs
Do you know ……...........................…………...........................… , by any chance?

70 Was it Paul’s idea to go to the cinema? came

Was it Paul ……...........................…………..........................…… the idea of going to the
cinema?

71 The boats began to move slowly out of the harbour. way

The boats slowly ……...........................…………...........................…… out of the harbour.

72 One runner did not succeed in finishing the race.

able
One runner ……...........................…………...........................…… the race.

73 It is not my fault that the glass broke. blame

You cannot ……...........................…………...........................…… the glass.

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74 I am starting to find watching television boring.

fed
I am beginning to get ……...........................…………...........................…… television.

75 Bad weather makes me feel really unhappy in the winter. down

Bad weather ……...........................…………...........................…… in the winter.

76 Fog delayed my flight to Moscow this morning. up

My flight to Moscow ……...........................…………...........................…… this morning.
77 Help was urgently needed in the flooded area of the country.
need
They were ……...........................…………...........................…… in the flooded area of the
country.

78 I went to Italy with the intention of learning Italian.

that
I went to Italy ……...........................…………...........................…… Italian.

79 Remember to return the videos you have rented.

back
Don’t ……...........................…………...........................…… the videos you have rented.

80 While we were going home yesterday we got caught in a thunderstorm.

way
We got caught in a thunderstorm while we were
……...........................…………...........................…… yesterday.

81 Has Mary altered her decision about moving to the countryside? mind
Do you know if Mary ……...........................…………...........................…… about moving
to the countryside?

82 I’d like Kevin to stop telling me what to do.

wish
I ……...........................…………...........................…… telling me what to do!

83 ‘Are you pleased it’s nearly half-term?’ said the teacher to us. know
The teacher wanted ……...........................…………...........................…… pleased it was
nearly half-term.

84 We are earning less than we are spending, I’m afraid.

expenditure
Our ……...........................…………...........................…… our income, I’m afraid.

85 I don’t think having luxuries in life is necessary.

necessity
I don’t ……...........................…………...........................… having luxuries in life.

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86 I don’t earn anything like the amount I did before. nowhere

I earn ……...........................…………...........................…… as I did before.
87 The date for the Barcelona Conference is the 23rd of March.
place
The Barcelona Conference ……...........................…………...........................…… the 23rd
of March.

88 The house was not very attractive in appearance when we first saw it. much
The house was ……...........................…………...........................…… at when we first saw
it.

89 No-one wants to buy this type of music any more.

longer
There ……...........................…………...........................…… for this type of music.

90 Looking back, I think I was right to study mathematics at university.

regret
Looking back, I ……...........................…………...........................…… mathematics at
university.

91 Our spending will have to be reduced next year.

back
We will have ……...........................…………...........................…… our spending next year.

92 The children were absolutely certain that the film would be fantastic. doubt
There ……...........................…………...........................…… minds of the children that the
film would be fantastic.

93 Did anyone raise the subject of the school trip?

brought
Can you tell me ……...........................…………...........................…… the subject of the
school trip?

94 I started learning English three years ago. been

I ……...........................…………...........................…… three years.

95 They are moving our oral examination to an earlier date.

forward
Our oral examination ……...........................…………...........................…… to an earlier
date.

96 ‘Do you want to go for a walk?’ asked Bob. felt

Bob asked me ……...........................…………...........................…… for a walk.
97 Olivia did not concentrate so she made a lot of mistakes. would
If Olivia ……...........................…………...........................… made fewer mistakes.

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98 Do you happen to know the time of the next train to London?

could
I wonder ……...........................…………...........................…… me the time of the next
train to London.

99 The children are always fascinated by nature programmes on TV.

find
The children ……...........................…………...........................…… when they watch them
on TV.

100 ‘What about going for a swim?’ said John to me.

should
John ……...........................…………...........................…… for a swim.

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Key word
transformations
Answer key
1 to make the most of 37 how about taking
2 it doesn’t/does not matter to 38 has been teaching us/has been our
3 were you able to teacher for
4 take eight away/away eight from 39 appears to be rising
5 took part in 40 were on our way
6 will have finished by 41 like the look of
7 will (have) run out 42 have fallen through
8 isn’t/is not very keen on 43 told me not to forget/to
9 asked Peter if he had remember
10 had gone by 44 know if anyone had noticed
11 could have done with 45 to pick up
12 of putting up with 46 could have forgotten
13 in spite of the rain 47 to blame yourself/yourselves
14 is bound to be 48 must be interested in
15 you lend me 49 didn’t/did not put you off
16 haven’t/have not fallen out for 50 is the third time
17 despite the fact that we 51 am too exhausted to
18 John has gone/come down 52 took part in
19 found the film really boring 53 is the race taking place
20 had better go 54 will have/need to be sent
21 came up against 55 asked me if I was
22 wish I had/I’d applied 56 only I had not/hadn’t bought
23 has nothing to do with 57 was set up by
24 looking forward to seeing 58 needn’t/need not have booked
25 has picked up 59 making/to make up his mind
26 ought to be preserved by 60 was set back
27 have not/haven’t finished their/the match 61 from top to bottom
28 me when your plane lands 62 is more expensive than
29 used to be spent 63 brought it home to
 Fast Class

30 do you any harm 64 get round to tidying

31 is the difference between 65 to make yourselves at
32 was not as big as 66 were/was taller I could
33 not have turned down 67 put me through to
34 advised me to spend 68 what we need is
35 was much more interesting than 69 who this umbrella belongs to
36 will take care of 70 who/that came up with
71 made their way
Key word transformations: Answer key © Oxford University Press 12
72 was not/wasn’t able to 85 see the/any necessity of/in
finish 86 nowhere near as much
73 blame me for breaking 87 takes place/will take place/is
74 fed up with watching 75 taking place on
really gets me down 88 not much to look
76 was held up by fog 89 is no longer any demand
77 in urgent need of 90 do not/don’t regret studying
help
91 to cut back on
78 so that I could learn
92 was no doubt in the
79 forget to take/bring
93 if anyone brought up
back
94 have been learning English for
80 on our way home
95 is being brought/moved forward
81 has changed her
96 if I felt like going
mind
97 had concentrated she would have
82 wish (that) Kevin
would stop 98 if you could tell
83 to know if we were 99 always find nature programmes
fascinating
84 expenditure is
more/greater than 100 suggested (that) we should go
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