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NA DAB dPA
4r 2 RT 1 PA / P dr
Integrate:
r2 PA 2
NA 1 DAB 1
4 r r 2
dr
RT P 1 PA / P
dPA
1 A1
r2 PA 2
N A 2 DAB P
4 r P P PA dPA
r dr
1
RT A1
r2
N A 1
AB InP PA P
D P P A2
4 r r 1
RT A1
NA 1 1 DAB P P PA 2
In
4 r1 r2 RT P PA1
Since r₂ >> r₁ , 1 = 0 , PA1 PA 2
PBM
r₂ P PA 2
In
P PA1
NA
D AB P
PA1 PA 2
4r1 RTPBM
4r1 D AB P PA1 PA 2
NA RTPBM
4r1
2
N A1
D AB P
PA1 PA 2
RTr1 PBM
z 2 z1
z2
NA 1 DAB InP P PA 2
r2 r1 r2 r1 RT
A PA1
z r1
z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z1
DAB P P PA2
In
RT P PA1
Example 6.2.4 (Evaporation of Naphthalene)
A sphere of naphthalene having a radius of 2.0mm is suspended in
a large volume of still air at 318K and 1.01325 x 10⁵ Pa (1 atm). The
surface temp. of the naphthalene can be assumed to be at 318K
and its vapor pressure at 318K is 0.555 mmHg. The DAB of
naphthalene in air at 318K is 6.92 x 10-6 m²/s. Calculate the rate of
evaporation of naphthalene from the surface.
N A1
DAB PPA1 PA2
6.92 106 m 2 / s 1.01325 105 Pa 74 0Pa
m3 .Pa
RTr1 PBM
8314
318K 2 103 m 1.0129 105 Pa
kgmol.K
9.68 108 kgmolA / s.m2
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FOR GASES
• Diffusivity of a binary gas pair of A and B (Lennerd-Jones ):
1/ 2
1.8583 10 T 7 3/ 2
1 1
DAB
P AB D, AB A B
2
DAB
= diffusivity (m²/s)
T
= temperature (k)
MA
M B = A molecular weight (kg mass/ kg mol)
P = B molecular weight (kg mass/ kg mol)
AB = absolute pressure (atm)
D, AB = average collision diameter
= collision integral based on the Lennerd-Jones potential
Values of A , B , D , AB B3, G 2, H 3, R1
• *Simplify equation : (Fuller et.al.method)
1.00 10 7 T 1.75 1 / A 1 / B
1/ 2
DAB
P A B
1/ 3
1/ 3 2
C 16.5
H 1.98
O 5.48
Air 20.1
1.091.28 20.1
1/ 3 1/ 3 2
7.73 106 m 2 / s
9.05 10 6 m 2 / s
4 2
This value deviates by +4% from values from Table 6.2.1: 0.087 10 m /s
• Ammonia (A) is being absorbed through non diffusing gas mixture of carbon
monoxide (B) and hydrogen (C) in the volume ratio 2:1. The total pressure in the
system is 100 kPa and the temperature is 27°C. The partial pressure of ammonia
is 50 kPa and 3 mm apart is 25 kPa. The diffusivities are estimated to be DNH3-CO =
2.53 X 10-5, and DNH3-H2 = 1.25 X 10-5 m2/s. Calculate the rate of absorption of
ammonia.
Solution:
.
1
DA Mixture
yB yC
DAB DAC
2
yB 0.667
2 1
1
yC 0.333
2 1
1
DA Mixture 1.89 10 5 m 2 / s
0.667 0.333
5
5
2.53 10 1.25 10
DAB P P PA 2
NA In
RT ( z2 z1 ) P PA1
1.89 10 100
5
100 25
In
8314 300 0.003 100 50
kgmol
1.024 10 7
m 2 .s
Question 5 (b), Final Exam 2015
methane