Addis Ababa University

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

School of civil and Environmental Engineering

Road and Transport Engineering
Statistics for Road and Transport Engineer
(CENG 6301)
Assignment 4

By: - Gedion Woldesenbet

ID No. 9729/12

Submitted to: - Getu Segne (Dr.)

June 03, 2020

1. Suppose we have plan to determine whether the type of Asphalt used and the temperature
affects the strength of asphalt concrete. To this end, we buy two asphalts with the
different specification (“Type1” and “Type2”) and choose three different temperature
levels to be used (“cold”, “temperate” and “hot”).
Then we divide our asphalt randomly into “6*r” pile of equal size and assign each ‘r’
piles into the combination of(“Type1” and “type2”)and (“cold”, “warm” and “hot”). In
this exercise, we are interested in testing the Null Hypothesis.

cold Temperate hot

Type 1 4 7 10
5 9 12
6 8 11
5 12 9

Type 2 6 13 12
6 15 13
4 12 10
4 12 13
Solution
H0A: The strength of asphalt concrete does not depend on the type Asphalt
H0T: The strength of asphalt concrete does not depend on the temperature
One says the experiment has two factors (Factor Asphalt, Factor Temperature) at A= 2(Type
A and Type B) and B = 3(cold, warm and hot) levels. Thus there are AB = 3 × 2 = 6 different
combinations of asphalt and temperature. With each combination we wish r = 4 loads. r is
called the number of replicates. This sums up to n = ABr = 24 loads in total. The amounts
Yijk strength of asphalt concrete sub pile k (k = 1, 2, 3, 4) with asphalt i (i = 1, 2) at
temperature j (j = 1, 2, 3) are recorded.

Could Temperate Hot mD

Type A 4,5,6,5, mean 7,9,8,12 mean =9 10,12,11,9 mean 8
=5 =10
Type B 6,6,4,4, mean 13,15,12,12 mean 12,13,10,13 mean 10
=5 =13 =12
mT 5 11 11
Within-cell
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒

𝑺𝑺 = ∑ ∑ ∑(𝑌𝑖𝑗𝑘 − 𝑌𝑖𝑗 )2
𝒊=𝟏 𝒋=𝟏 𝒌=𝟏
= (𝟒 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝟓 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝟔 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝟓 − 𝟓)𝟐 + (𝟕 − 𝟗)𝟐 + (𝟗 − 𝟗)𝟐 + (𝟖 − 𝟗)𝟐
+ (𝟏𝟐 − 𝟗)𝟐 + (𝟏𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐)𝟐 + (𝟏𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐)𝟐 + (𝟏𝟎 − 𝟏𝟐)𝟐
+ (𝟏𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟑𝟖
Within-cell
𝑫𝑭 = 𝑨𝑩(𝒓 − 𝟏) = 𝟐 × 3 × 3 = 18
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟𝑆𝑆 𝑊𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 − 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑆𝑆 38
𝑀𝑆 = = = = 2.11
𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟𝐷𝐹 𝑊𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 − 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 𝐷𝐹 18
SS asphalt and DF asphalt
 2

𝑺𝑺 𝒂𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒕 = 𝑟 × 𝐵 × ∑(𝑌𝑖 − 𝑌)2 = 4 × 3 × [(8 − 9)2 + (10 − 9)2 ] = 24

𝑖=1
DF asphalt=𝑨−𝟏=𝟏
𝑆𝑆𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 24
𝑴𝑺 𝒂𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒕 = = = 24
𝐷𝐹𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 1
SS temperature and DF temperature
3

𝑺𝑺 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 = 𝑟 × 𝐴 × ∑(𝑌𝑗 − 𝑌)2

𝑗=1

= 4 × 2 × [(5 − 9)2 + (11 − 9)2 + (11 − 9)2 ] = 24

DF temperature =𝑩−𝟏=𝟐
𝑆𝑆 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 192
𝑴𝑺 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 = = = 81
𝐷𝐹 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 2
SS interaction and DF interaction
2 3

𝑺𝑺 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝑟 × 𝐴 × ∑ ∑(𝑌𝑖𝑗 . −𝑌𝑖 … − 𝑌𝑗 + 𝑌)2

𝑖=1 𝑗=1
= 4 × (5 − 8 − 5 + 9)2 + (9 − 8 − 11 + 9)2 + (110 − 8 − 11 + 9)2 + ⋯
+ (12 − 11 − 10 + 9)2 = 12
Interaction = (𝑨−𝟏) × (𝑩−𝟏) =𝟐×𝟏=𝟐
𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 12
𝑴𝑺 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = = =6
𝐷𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2
F-test
𝑀𝑆𝐴 24
= = 11.333
𝑀𝑆 2.111
𝑀𝑆𝐵 81
= = 38.37
𝑀𝑆 2.111
𝑀𝑆(𝐴 × 𝐵) 12
= = 5.667
𝑀𝑆 2.111
To mark a decision about the hypothesis test we need f critical value.
 Asphalt: F has 1,18
 Temperature: F has 2,18
 Interaction: F has 2,18
Using these values read F critical from table

Source of sum of Degree of Mean F-statics F-critical Remark

vacation squares freedom Square For
(SS) (DF) (MS) 95%CI
Cells 38 18 2.111 - -
Factor A 24 1 24 11.333 5.98 Reject
Factor B 24 2 81 38.37 4.56 Reject
A×B 12 2 6 3.42 4.56 Accept
Error 37 18 - -
Total - - -
Discussion

The result indicates the mean value for both asphalts is different that is
 𝜇1 ≠ 𝜇2
So it would be used to determine if there is a difference in the mean values for asphalt and
temperature
F=3.42 for the interaction source is less than F critical it used.

2. Let X have between or range [0, 2] and density 3x2. Find E(X).

Solution
2 2

𝐸(𝑋) = ∫ 𝑋 ∗ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑋 ∗ 3𝑋 2 𝑑𝑥 2 0 2 0
0 0
2
4 2
3𝑋
= ∫ 3𝑋 3 𝑑𝑥 = | = 0. 75(24 − 04 ) = 12
4 𝑋=0
0