S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

Term –I

Subject Subject Teaching scheme Hrs./Week Examination Scheme

Code No.
Lect. Tutorial Pract. Paper T/W Pract. Oral Total
207003 Engineering Mathematics- 04 -- -- 100 -- -- -- 100
III
206261 Analog Techniques 04 -- 02 100 -- 50 -- 150
206262 Materials and processes for 04 -- -- 100 -- -- -- 100
sensors
206263 Sensors and Transducers-I 03 01 02 100 25 50 -- 175
206264 Basic Instrumentation 03 01 02 100 25 50 -- 175
206265 Communication Skills -- -- 02 -- 50 -- -- 50
Total 18 02 08 500 100 150 -- 750

Term-II

Subject Subject Teaching scheme Hrs./Week Examination Scheme

Code No.
Lect. Tutorial Pract. Paper T/W Pract. Oral Total
206266 Digital Techniques 04 -- 02 100 -- 50 -- 150
206267 Automatic Control System 04 -- 02 100 50 -- -- 150
206268 Linear Techniques 04 -- 02 100 -- 50 -- 150
206269 Sensors and Transducers-II 03 01 02 100 25 50 -- 175
206270 Network Theory 03 01 100 25 -- -- 125

Total 18 02 08 500 100 150 -- 750

Total Term-I & Term-II 36 04 16 1000 200 300 -- 1500
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

207003 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS – III

Teaching Scheme: Examination Scheme:

Lectures: 4 hrs./week Paper: 100 marks
Duration: 3 hrs.
Section I
Unit I: Linear Differential Equations (LDE) …. (08 Hours)
General nth order LDE. Solution of nth order LDE with constant coefficients. PI by variation of parameters.
Cauchy’s & Legendre’s DE. Solution of Simultaneous & Symmetric Simultaneous DE. Applications to
Electrical circuits.

Unit II: Complex Variables (08 Hours)

Functions of complex variables, Analytic functions, C-R equations, Conformal mapping, Billinear
transformation, Residue theorem, Cauchy’s Integral theorem & Cauchy’s Integral formula (without proofs).

Unit III: Transforms (10 Hours)

Fourier Transform (FT): Fourier Integral theorem. Sine & Cosine Integrals. Fourier Transform, Fourier Cosine
Transform, Fourier Sine Transforms and their inverses. Problems on Wave equation.
Introductory Z Transform (ZT): Definition, Std. Properties (without proof), ZT of std. Sequences & Inverse.
Solution of simple difference equations.

Section II
Unit IV: Laplace Transform (LT) (10 Hours)
Definition of LT, Inverse LT. Properties & theorems. LT of standard functions. LT of some special functions
viz. error, 1st order Bessel’s, Periodic, Unit Step, Unit Impulse and ramp. Problems on finding LT & inverse LT.
Applications of LT for solving ordinary differential equations.

Unit V: Vector Calculus (08 Hours)

Vector Differentiation & its physical interpretation. Vector differential operator. Gradient, Divergence & Curl.
Directional derivative. Vector identities.

Unit VI: Vector Analysis (08 Hours)

Line, Surface & Volume integrals. Conservative, Irrotational & Solenoidal fields. Scalar potential. Gauss’s,
Stoke’s & Green’s theorems (without proofs). Applications to problems in Electromagnetic Fields.

Text Books:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 5e, by Peter V. O'Neil (Thomson Learning).
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Erwin Kreyszig (Wiley Eastern Ltd.).

Reference Books:

3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wylie C.R. & Barrett L.C. (McGraw-Hill, Inc.)
4. Higher Engineering Mathematics by B. S. Grewal (Khanna Publication, Delhi).
5. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 2e, by M. D. Greenberg (Pearson Education).
6. Engineering Mathematics by B.V. Raman (Tata McGraw-Hill).
7. Applied Mathematics (Volumes I and II) by P. N. Wartikar & J. N. Wartikar
(Pune Vidyarthi Griha Prakashan, Pune).
8. Advanced Engineering Mathematics with MATLAB, 2e, by Thomas L. Harman, James Dabney and
Norman Richert (Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning).

206261: Analog Techniques

 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Lectures: 3 Hrs./ Week Paper : 100 Marks
Practical: 2 Hrs./ Week Practical : 50 Marks

UNIT 1:
Transistor Circuits
Transistor configurations and characteristics (CE, CB, CC), biasing circuits and their comparison, stability
factor and thermal runaway
Field Effect Transistor ? JFET, construction, transfer characteristics, biasing techniques.
Introduction to MOSFET and IGBT ? construction and working principle.

UNIT 2:
Amplifiers
Small signal amplifiers, its DC and AC analysis (hybrid parameters), types of coupling (direct, RC,
transformer), frequency response of transistor amplifier, and introduction to high frequency analysis
Multistage amplifiers (Darlington pair, cascade)

UNIT 3:
Differential Amplifier
Differential amplifier, CMRR, transfer characteristics of differential amplifier with constant current source,
current mirror
Differential amplifier using FET, fundamentals of OP AMP, OP AMP characteristics, equivalent circuit of OP
AMP, Inverting, Non-inverting amplifier and voltage follower configurations of OP AMP

UNIT 4:
Feedback Amplifier and Oscillators
Four types of feedback, effect of negative feedback on amplifier performance, wide band amplifier
Concept of positive feedback, Barkhausen criteria, oscillators using BJT and FET, frequency stabilization (LC,
RC, crystal)

UNIT 5:
Power Amplifiers
Class A, Class B, Class C, Class AB power amplifiers, power calculations, Class B push pull amplifier, direct
coupled push pull amplifier, complementary symmetry push pull amplifier

UNIT 6:
Introduction to Power Devices
Characteristics, working principle and applications of photo transistor, photo diode, LDR, Solar cell, opto-
coupler, SCR, Diac, Triac and UJT
Regulators ? shunt regulator, series regulator using zener diode and transistors

Experiments -:
1. CE. CB input output characteristics of BJT.
2. Transistor biasing for CE configuration. ? potential divider, emittor bias, Q point for cut-off and saturation.
3. FET biasing - potential divider, fixed bias, Q point for cut-off and saturation.
4. Effect of coupling on RC coupled amplifier ? frequency response.
5. Differential amplifier ? measurement of CMRR, effect of constant current source.
6. OP AMP ? inverting and non-inverting mode for gain and frequency response.
7. Effect of negative feedback in CE amplifier
8. Class C power amplifier and efficiency calculations.
9. Characteristics and applications of photo transistor ? opto coupler.
10. Characteristics and applications of SCR and UJT.

Textbooks -:
(i) Electronic Devices and Circuits - Millman Halkies
(ii) Electronic Devices and Circuits - David Bell
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

(iii) Electronic Principles - Malvino

(iv) Textbook of Basic Electronics - R. S. Sedha
(v) Electronic Devices and Circuits - Allan Mottershed

References -:
(i) Operational Amplifiers - Tobey and Graceme
(ii) Microelectronics ? Millman
(iii) Datasheet of National Semiconductor

206262: Materials and Processes for Sensors

Teaching Scheme : Examination Scheme:

Lectures : 4 hrs./week Theory : 100 marks
Duration : 3 hrs.
Unit 1: -
Engineering Materials for Temperature and Conductive, Resistive sensors:
Properties of materials: Thermal properties, specific heat, expansion, conductivity and selection criteria for
transducer design e.g. mercury filled thermometer, solid expansion bimetallic thermometer. Thermoelectric
properties of materials: Properties and selection of materials for thermocouples, thermistor and RTD. Electric
properties: Properties of resistors, conductors, semi conductors, conductive plastics and super conducting
materials.

Unit 2:-
Materials for capacitive, ultrasonic and elastic transducers: Dielectric materials, dielectric polarization, dielectric
constant and loss measurement, temperature and frequency effect, electric breakdown, ferroelectric materials.
Elastic materials: Properties and selection of elastic materials for elastic transducers like spring, diaphragm,
bellows, strain gauges, Piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials.

Unit3: -
Materials for Specific Applications and Services
Service performance of materials, corrosion reactions, Oxidation and Corrosion resistors, erosion, effect of
vapor pressure, cavitations, flashing; high temperature materials, corrosion controls, Environmental degradation,
Polymer material and its selection. Service performance of polymer materials, ceramic, mica, asbestos and other
insulation materials. Materials for wiring, and packaging of instruments.

Unit 4: -
Magnetic Materials
Magnetic material, hysteresis, soft and hard magnetic materials, diamagnetism, paramagnetism and
ferromagnetism, ferrites, effect of temperature on ferromagnetism, magnetic alloys and its characteristics.
Selection of materials for LVDT, and in general for electromagnetic sensors. Materials for magnetic shielding.

Unit 5: -
Photosensitive Materials and Biocompatible Materials
Electro-optic ceramics and its characteristics, Photosensitive, laser materials, fiber optics materials
Biocompatible materials, radioactive materials, Biomaterials (dental, bones, joints, heart) and its characteristics.

Unit 6: -
Technologies, Materials and Processes
Thin film, thick film, nano technology, general purpose materials for construction of equipments and plant,
stainless steel, alloys, chromium, aluminum, platinum, ceramic, mica, Teflon, ebonite, control panel, phosphor
bronze etc. Surface Engineering: Electroplating, Electro polishing, Conversion plating, Thin film plating,
Thermal spraying, Organic coating and Anodizing, material selection and design consideration

References Books:

1.N.Allgappan & N.T.Kumar, ‘Electrical Engineering Materials’, TTTI Madras, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
company ltd., 1988.
2.R.A.Higgi, ’Materails for the Engineering Technician’ 3rd edition, Arnold, International Students’ edition,
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

1997.
3.V. Raghvan, ‘Material Science and Engineering’, 4th edition, PHI publication, 2003
4.Kenneth G.Budinstoi & Michel K. Budinstoi, ‘Engineering Materials, Properties and Selection, PHI
publication, 2002
5.William F. Smith,’ principles of Material Science & Engineering’, McGraw-Hill International edition, 1990.
6. Lawrence H. Van Vlack,” Elements of Material Science and Engineering”, 6th e/d, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Copany, 1989
7. Rolf E. Hummel, “ Electronic Properties of Materials”, 3rd e/d, Springer, 2001
8. Erika Kress- Rogers,” Handbook of Biosensors and Electronic Noises, Medicine Food and the environment”,
CRC press, 1997.
9. Sabrie Soloman,” Sensor Handbook”, McGraw Hill, 1999

206263: Sensors and Transducers - I

Lectures: 3 Hrs./ Week Paper : 100 Marks

Tutorial: 1 Hr./ Week Practical : 50 Marks
Practical: 2 Hrs./ Week Term work: 25 Marks

Prerequisite: Transducer Definition, Classification, and Performance Characteristics

Unit 1:
Displacement Measurement - I
Resistive: Potentiometers, Strain gauge – classification (metallic, semiconductor), gauge factor,
properties of gauge wire, rosettes, measurement circuits, compensation, Piezoelectric: Electrostatic,
Piezoresistive, Equivalent circuits, Charge and voltage sensitivity.
Inductive: LVDT – source frequency dependence and signal conditioning, RVDT, Variable reluctance,
Self-inductance, Mutual inductance,
Capacitive: Single plate, Differential capacitance cell, and Measurement circuits

Unit 2:
A) Displacement Measurement – II
Magnetostrictive, Laser dimensional gauge, Fiber optic, Moire’s grating
Digital Transducers: Encoders – Types of Translational and Rotary, Inductosyn
Proximity Sensors – Inductive, Capacitive, Optical
Flapper Nozzle: Sensitivity, Graph, Its application in air gauging

B) Weight Measurement
Load Cells – Electronic, Pneumatic, Hydraulic and their comparison
C) Force Measurement
Basic methods of force measurement, Strain gauges, LVDT, Piezoelectric, Vibrating Wire

Unit 3:
Pressure Measurement
Pressure scales, Units and relations
Manometers – U tube, Well type, Inclined tube, Ring balance, Micromanometer,
Elastic – Bourdon, Diaphragm, Bellows and their types
Electronic – LVDT, Strain gauge, Capacitive, Piezoelectric, Thin film, Variable reluctance, Vibrating
element (Diaphragm and Wire)
High Pressure Measurement – Bulk modulus cell, Bridgeman type
Differential Pressure Measurement: Force balance, Motion balance, Capacitance delta cell, Ring
balance DP cell, Diffused semiconductor strain gauges
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

Unit 4:
A) Vacuum measurement
Units and relations
McLeod gauge, Thermal Conductivity (Pirani, Thermocouple),
Hot cathode ionization gauge, Molecular momentum (Knudsen) gauge, Cold Cathode ionization
(Penning) gauge
Calibrating Instruments – Dead Weight Tester (Pressure, Vacuum), Digital Manometer
B) Temperature Measurement - I
Temperature Scales, Units and relations, Classification of temperature sensors
Mechanical: Bimetallic Thermometer – Working Principle, Various types
Filled system thermometers – SAMA classifications, Sources of errors and their remedies, Dip effect

Unit 5:
Temperature Measurement - II
Electrical: Resistance Temperature Detectors – Types and comparison, Circuits for lead wire
compensation, Sources of errors and their remedies.
Thermistor: Types (NTC, PTC), Measuring Circuits
Thermocouple: Terminology, Types (B, E, J, K, R, S, T), Characteristics, Laws of thermoelectricity,
Study of thermocouple tables, Lead wire compensation, Cold junction compensation techniques,
Protection (Thermowell), EMF Measurement methods, Thermopiles
Non-contact Types: Quartz crystal, Pyrometers (Total and Optical), Fiber Optic, Infrared

Unit 6:
A) Sound Measurement
Concept of SPL, Typical sound measuring system (Sound level meter), Microphones (Capacitive,
Piezoelectric, Electrodynamic, Carbon granule types)
B) Shaft Power Measurement
Dynamometer (servo control, absorption), Instantaneous power measurements, Alternator power
measurement
C) Torque Measurement
Strain gauge, Torsion Bar, Feedback torque sensor
D) Miscellaneous
Leak Detector, Flame detector, Smoke detector

Note:
1) All the above transducers are to be studied with reference to the operating principle, construction
and working, materials of construction, calibration procedure, performance characteristics, Merits,
Demerits and Applications.

2) Tutorial: Information with reference to manufacturers (Indigenous, foreign), Specifications, Cost,

and Standards.

List of Experiments:

1. Characterization of strain gauge indicator and weight measurement using Load Cell.
Objective: Adjustment of Zero and Span for strain gauge indicator.
Plot the characteristics curve using load cell and calculation of sensitivity from the Characteristics.
Find out the weight for unknown object.
Equipment: Strain gauge indicator with cantilever beam, standard weights, Multimeter.
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

2. Measurement of Displacement using LVDT.

Objective: To plot the characteristics of LVDT and find the residual voltage.
Find out the effect of supply frequency and supply magnitude on the characteristics and residual
voltage.
Equipment: LVDT displacement measurement setup, CRO, Function Generator.

3.Study of Encoder as displacement sensor.

Objective: To measure the linear and angular displacement using Translational and Rotary encoders.
To find the resolution of these encoders.
Equipment: Translational and Rotary encoders measurement set up

4.To plot the characteristics of

a) J/K/R/S/T Thermocouples ( any two types)
b) Thermocouple simulator
Objective: Find out the nonlineatity from the characteristics.
Use of thermocouple reference table to find out the temperature.
Necessity and use of Thermocouple simulator.
Equipment: Temperature oven, J/K/R/S/T Thermocouples (any two), Multimeter, Temp.Indicator,
thermocouple reference tables, Thermocouple simulator.

5.To plot the characteristics of

a) RTD Pt100/Pt500/Pt1000 ( any two)
b) RTD simulator
Objective: Plot the characteristics curve for RTD and comparison between different types.
Calculation of temperature using formula.
Necessity and use of RTD simulator
Equipment: Temperature oven, RTD Pt100/Pt500/Pt1000 (any two), Multimeter, Temp.Indicator,
RTD simulator.

6.Measurement of Pressure using Bellows, Bourdon gauge, Diaphragm.

Objective: Plot the characteristics curve and comparison for different pressure elements.
Calculation of Sensitivity from the graph.
Equipment: Bellows/Diaphragm/Bourdon gauges, Pneumatic supply with AFR unit, Digital pressure
indicator.

7.Study of different types of Proximity switches.

Objective: To understand working principle of various types of Proximity switches.
To plot the sensing envelop for inductive proximity and effect of frequency on its sensitivity.
Equipment: Different types of Proximity switches, CRO, Function/ Sine wave Generator.

8.Study of Dead Weight Tester.

Objective: To understand the operating principle of Dead Weight Tester.
To check the calibration of pressure gauge and find its error.
Equipment: Dead Weight Tester, standard weights, different pressure gauges.

9.Study of Vacuum Gauge Tester.

Objective: To understand the operating principle of Vacuum Gauge Tester.
To check the calibration of Vacuum gauge and find its error.
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

Equipment: Vacuum Gauge Tester, standard weights, different vacuum gauges.

10.Measurment of sound level.

Objective: To understand the operating principle of sound level meter.
To establish relation between the sound level and distance.
To find the sensitivity of Sound level meter
Equipment: Sound level meter.

Note: Students are expected to perform minimum 8 experiments.

Text Books :
1.Instrumentation Devices and Systems- Rangan , Sharma , Mani-Tata McGrawhill- Second Edition
2. Instrumentation Measurement and Analysis- Nakra , Chaudhary Tata McGrawhill-21st Reprint
3. Measurement SystemApplication and Design- E. O. Doebelin McGrawhill International- Fourth
Edition
4. Transducers and Instrumentation- D. V. S. Murthy- PHI-Second Reprint1995
5. Principles of Industrial Instrumentation- D. Patranabis-Tata McGrawhill-7th Reprint,1986
6. Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation- A. K. Sawhney- Dhanpat Rai and
Sons , Delhi-2002print
7. Mechanical and Industrial Measurement- R.K.Jain- Khanna Publications-9th print

Reference Books :
1. Applied Instrumentation in Process Industries ( Vol. I )- Andrew , Williams- Gulf Publications
Company- Second Edition
2. Process Measurement and Analysis- B. G. Liptak- Butterworth Heinemann- Third Edition
3. Jone’s Instrument Technology ( Vol. 1 and Vol. 2 )- B. E. Noltingk EL / BS- Fourth Edition
4. Process Control Instrumentation Technology- C. D. Jonhson- PHI-Seventh Edition

206264: Basic Instrumentation

Lectures: 3 Hrs./ Week Theory: 100 Marks

Tutorial: 1 Hr./ Week Term Work: 25 Marks
Practical: 2 Hrs./ Week Practical: 50 Marks

Unit 1
1.1 Introduction: Definition of Instrumentation, SI units - basic and derived.
1.2 Static characteristics of instruments-accuracy, precision and significant figures, Sensitivity,
Linearity and Non-linearity, reproducibility, drift connected instruments.
1.3 Introduction to Virtual Instrumentation, dead zone, hysteresis, threshold, resolution
1.4 Dynamic characteristics of instruments- transfer function, transient Response, steady state
response, speed of response, measuring lag, fidelity, dynamic error.
1.5 Input and output impedance, loading effects, loading effects due to series and shunt
(6)
Unit 2
2.1 Fundamentals of measurement- Definition of measurement and measurand
2.2 Introduction to calibration- definition, tracibility
2.3 Infrastructural requirements of Calibration laboratory
2.4 Technical system requirements of Calibration laboratory
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

2.5 Quality system requirements of Calibration laboratory

(8)
Unit 3
3.1 Electrical measuring instruments: DC-Galvanometer, ammeter, voltmeter, ohmmeter,
multimeter, shunts and multipliers, design of multimeter, calibration of meters.
3.2 Potentiometers: Principles, Calibration and sensitivity of potentiometers, self-balancing
potentiometers and multirange potentiometers.
3.3 Power and energy measuring instruments.
3.4 Introduction to Current transformer and Potential transformer, HV insulation testing
(8)
Unit 4
4.1 DC Bridges: Whetstone's bridge-design, arrangement of ratio arms, bridge sensitivity, errors
in bridge circuit, null type and deflection type bridges, current sensitive and voltage sensitive
bridges. Null sensitivity and calibration adjustments of Whetstone's bridge, Kelvin Bridge and
current Balance Bridge, Applications of DC bridges.
4.2 AC bridges: Induction bridge (Maxwell's), capacitance bridge (Hey's), Wein's bridge, Schering's
bridge, storage and dissipation factor, Applications of AC bridges.

(6)
Unit 5
5.1 Recorders: Rectilinear recording, ink jet, ink pen, thermal, galvanometric recording, magnetic,
ociilogarphic, hybrid recording, y-t, X-Y, single, multi channel recorders, driving systems for pen
and chart, chart speed and their applications.
5.2 General purpose CRO: CRT block diagram, controls on CRO panel, measurement of amplitude,
phase, frequency, time duration, rise and fall time. Z-modulation using CRO.
5.3 X-Y oscilloscope, Dual trace oscilloscope. (8)
Unit 6
Mechanical Measurements: Study of Mechanical Measurements-Linear Measurements: line
graduated measuring instruments, Vernier Caliper, Micrometer Screw Gauge.
6.1 Sine Bar, inclinometer
6.2 Introduction to limits, fits gauges. Testing and calibration of gauges and dynamic measurements.
(6)
List of Experiments
1.Design of multirange ammeter and voltmeter, conversion of ammeter into voltmeter.
Objective:
a) To introduce basic construction and operation of PMMC type of Instrument
b) To extend the range of analog ammeters and voltmeters
c) To convert one type of meter into other.
Experimental Set-up:
DC Ammeter and Voltmeter, resistance decade boxes or linear wire wound POTs, DC
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

Power supply, connecting wires

2. Design of series and shunt type ohmmeter.

Objective:
1. To convert the given dc ammeter into series type and shunt type of ohmmeter.
Experimental Set-up:
DC Ammeter, resistance decade boxes or linear wire wound POTs, DC Power supply,
connecting wires

3.Design of Wheatone's Bridge.

Objective:
1.To design Wheatstone's bridge for the measurement of given unknown resistance.
2.To measure the unknown resistance for different values of ratio arms.
3. To find out sensitivity of Wheatstone's bridge.
Experimental Set-up:
Wheatestone's bridge set up, DC Power supply.

4.Design of AC Bridge.
Objective:
To design Maxwell's or any other AC bridge for the measurement of Inductance and
Capacitance.

Experimental Set-up:
AC source, CRO, R, L & C decade boxes, connecting wires

5.Measurement of unknown voltage using D.C. potentiometer.

Objective:
1.To study construction and working of potentiometer.
2.To study procedure for standardization of potentiometer.
3.To measure unknown voltage with potentiometer.
Experimental Set-up:
DC potentiometer set-up, DC Power supply.

6.Measurement of power using wattmeter (Single phase)

Objective:
1.To measure power consumed by resistive load by Voltmeter-Ammeter method.
2 To measure power consumed by resistive load using Wattmeter.
Experimental Set-up:
Variac, Resistive load, AC Voltmeter, AC Ammeter, Single-Phase wattmeter,
connecting wires
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

7. Measurement of power using Energymeter (Single phase)

Objective:
1.To measure power consumed by resistive load using Energymeter.
Experimental Set-up:
Variac, Resistive load, Single-Phase Energymeter, connecting wires

8.Measurement of voltage, Frequency and phase using CRO, measurement of unknown

frequency by Z-Modulation.
Objective:
1.To understand all front panel controls and basic measuements carried on CRO
2.To measure the unknown frequency by Z-Modulation.

Experimental Set-up:
CRO, Signal Generator, RC network

9. Study of y-t, X-Y recorders, frequency response of y-t recorder

Objective:
1. To understand working and construction of recorders of at least two different types.
Experimental Set-up:
Recorder

Note: Students are expected to perform minimum 8 experiments.

Text Books:
1. Electrical and Electronic Instrumentation by A.K.Sawhney, Dhanpatray and Sons.
2.Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, 2/e by David A. Bell, PHI
3. Electronic Instrumentation techniques by Cooper and Helfrick
4. Electronic instruments and Measurements by Jones and Chin
5. Electronic Instrumentation by H.V. Kalsi.
6. Engineering Metrology by R.K Jain, 17/e
7. Calibration- The foundation for ISO 9000 and TQM by R.Subburay,
Allied Publishers (1998)

Reference Books:
1.Measurement Systems by E.O.Doeblin
2. Process Measurement by B.G.Liptak

206265 : COMMUNICATION SKILL

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

Practical: 2 hrs/week Term work: 50 marks

List of exercises:
• Verbal
1. Elocution
Objective:
a. To develop public speaking and oral presentation skills, creativity.
b. To understand barriers in communication, their nature and examples of such barriers,
effective use of body language.

2. Group discussions
Objective: To understand different communication practices like Debating, elocution, group
discussions, critical thinking, brainstorming and conflict management.

3. Reporting of an event
Objective:
To make good presentation, note taking, reporting, preparation for and practice of
presentation, narration of events,

4. Representation/ convincing of self opinion in a meeting of colleagues/ senior

managerial personnel
Objective:
To achieve effective self-representation in a meeting, arguing, convincing, presenting views in
a meeting.

5. Conducting a meeting
Objective:
a. To acquire knowledge about preparing agenda of the meeting, receptive towards new
ideas, appreciation of colleagues and subordinates, preparing minutes of meeting.
b. To acquire Leadership skills and Interpersonal Communication, Vision, empowering and
delegation, motivating others, team building.

6. Adaptation to marketing/ sales techniques.

Objective:
To achieve good marketing/ sales skills.

• Non Verbal
1. Effective Resume writing.
Objective: To understand the impressive way of presenting yourself through your Resume,
CV or bio data.

2. Official letter writing

Objective:
a. To understand the method of writing official letters to boss/ seniors/ colleagues/
subordinates to assign tasks, to submit/ study progress reports.
b. To study the official/ business correspondence.

3. Report writing on a mini project/ visit

Objective:
a. To acquire technical writing skill including technical reports, proposals, brochures,
newsletters, technical articles, technical manuals.
b. To understand the Style, grammar and vocabulary for effective technical writing.

4. Email communication, Communication via messenger services

Objective:
To get acquainted with the latest communication media, for official purpose.

5. Effective presentations
Objective:
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

To make effective use of modern presentation aids, presentation graphics.

6. Sessions on Time management and work ethics

Objective:
To understand the importance of time management and work ethics.

Note: Students are expected to perform four exercises each from verbal and non-verbal
categories.

List of books:
1. Writing communication in English-Sarah Freeman, Orient Longman Publications
2. Handbook of Communication skills - Bernice Hurst, 2nd edition,
3. Human Organisational Behaviour at work –Keith Davis (TMH)
4. Essence of effective communication –Ludlow & Panton (PHI)
5. Technical writing, Process & Product – Gerson & Gerson (PHI)
6. Organisational Behaviour – Robbins (PHI)
7. You can Win – Shiv Khera, Macmillan Books, 2003 revised edition

206266: Digital Techniques

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Lecture: 4 hrs/week Theory: 100 marks
Practical: 2 hrs/week Practical: 50 marks

Objective: After completing the course, the students must understand the different digital devices,
clocks for digital devices, counters, shift registers and implementation of digital devices using PLD/
CPLD/ FPGA.

Unit I
Number systems and codes
Binary, Decimal, Hexadecimal, Octal number systems, their conversions and arithmetic operations.
BCD, Excess 3, Gray code, ASCII, their conversions and applications.
Error detecting and error correcting codes.
Minimization techniques
Boolean laws, minimization using Boolean laws, Karnaugh maps and Quine McCluskey method.
Implementation of the reduced expression using gates and PLD, CPLD, FPGA.

Unit II
Flip flops
Study of SR, JK, MSJK, T, D types of flip flops, conversion of flip flops, Race around condition.
Clock for digital circuits
TTL oscillators, Conversion of bipolar and unipolar signals to TTL, Manual pulsars, key debouncing
techniques.
Storage devices
RAM, ROM, EPROM, E2PROM, FLASH memory, Bubble memory, PAL and PAL programming. Basic
operation of CD ROM.

Unit III
Counters
Asynchronous, synchronous, binary, up-down, presettable and programmable, non sequential,
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

Decade, Mod n counters.

Realisation of counters using ICs. Design of counters, state diagram representation.
Shift Register
Basic operation, modes, Implementation of Johnson and Ring counter using Shift Register.

Unit IV
Logic devices
Study of multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders, decoders, buffers, latches, transceivers.
Display interfacing
Interfacing of seven segment LED display to counters, multiplexed display system. Study of various
BCD to 7 segment decoder/ driver ICs.
Introduction to PLD, CPLD, FPGA

Unit V
Logic families
Digital integrated circuits, levels of integration, concept of ECL, TTL CMOS, HMOS, NMOS, PMOS
with detailed comparison between TTL and CMOS.
Specifications and Operating characteristics of TTL and CMOS devices.
Worst case design and interfacing of TTL and CMOS.
Tristate logic and applications.

Unit VI
Application development using digital devices.
1. Digital clock
2. Frequency counter
3. Time counter
4. Sequence generator
5. Alarm Annunciator

List of practicals
1. Code conversion
2. Study of flip flops using ICs and conversion of flip flop from one form to the other.
3. Study of presettable up down counter using IC 74193 or equivalent.
4. Study of Decade counter, Mod 12, Mod 16 counters using ICs 4017, 7490, 7492, 7493
respectively or equivalent.
5. Design of non sequential counter using flip flops.
6. Design of Mod n counters using standard counter ICs.
7. Design of Ring and Johnson counters using Shift registers.
8. Interfacing of 7 segment LED display using 7447, 4033, 4553 or equivalent.
9. Study of input and output characteristics of a logic gate for TTL and CMOS families.
10. Interfacing of TTL and CMOS logic families.
11. Design and implementation of any one application described in Unit VI.
12. Implementation of combination logic/ flip flops/ counters using PLD/ CPLD/ FPGA.

Apparatus:
1. Any digital board from where supply, clock can be given.
2. Trainer for CPLD and FPGA

Note:
Perform at least 6 practicals from 1 to 8
Perform at least 1 practical from 9 to 11
Practical 12 is mandatory

List of books
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

1. Digital Principals & Applications – Malvino and Leach, 4th edition, TMH
2. Digital Electronics – Gothman, 2nd edition, PHI
3. Digital Systems Principle and Applications – Tocci
4. Digital Fundamentals – Thomas Floyd, 3rd edition, Universal Book Stall
5. Digital Design – M. Morris Mano, 3rd edition, Pearson Education Asia

206267: Automatic Control Systems

Teaching Scheme : Examination Scheme:
Lectures : 4 hrs./week Theory : 100 marks
Practicals : 2 hrs./week Duration : 3 hrs.

Unit 1 Term work : 50 marks

Introduction to control systems : Definitions,elements of control system, open loop and closed loop,
feedback and feed forward, linear and non-linear, SISO and MIMO, canonical form of closed loop
control system, definition of transfer function and its determination using Block diagram reduction
techniques and signal flow graphs.
Unit 2
Finding dynamic models of Electrical, Mechanical, Thermal, Hydraulic and Pnuematic systems and
their transfer function. Analogous systems and force-voltage and force-current analogies, systems
with dead time, loading effects in inter connected systems.
Unit 3
Poles and zeros, type of control systems, standard test signals (step, ramp, parabolic), response of
control system for these inputs, steady state error analysis.

Transient response of control system and its specifications, dominant poles, Routh Hurtwitz criterion.
Unit 4:
Frequency response analysis of control system, correlation between frequency response and time
domain response specifications, Bode plots, calculation of gain margin and phase margin, improving
the performance of control system with lead, lag and lead-lag compensators.
Unit 5:
Root locus technique, improving the performance of control system with lead, lag, and lead-lag
compensators, Root locus of system with dead time.
Mapping theorem, stability analysis with Nyquist criterion.
Unit 6:
State variable representation of control system (SISO,MIMO), conversion of state models into transfer
function and vice-versa, solution of state equations, state transition matrix, time domain response
from state transition matrix, interaction and non-interaction between MIMO control systems.
List of Experiments
1. transient response of second order system and calculation of time domain specifications.
2. frequency response of second order system by varying the values of damping ratio.
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

3. frequency response of phase lead network.

4. frequency response of phase lag network.
5. frequency response of phase lead-lag network.
6. to study the type of synchros, the technique of zeroing of synchro transmitter-receiver and
control transformer and to obtain the characteristics of synchro transmitter.
7. to determine the transfer function of a system whose asymptotic gain plot is given.
8. to sketch the root locus of the given system.
9. introduction to MATLAB.

List of books

1. Control System Engineering by M Gopal, TMH

2. Automatic Control System By Kuo, PHI
3. Control System By Nagrath and Gopal, TMH
4. Control System Engineering by Norman Nise, Peason

206268: Linear Techniques

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Lectures : 4hrs/week Theory paper : 100 Marks
Practical : 2hrs/week Practical Exam. : 50 Marks

Aim of Subject: This Course is designed to fulfil the basic needs in the Designing of Instrumentation System.

UNIT-I
Real -output limitations, limitations in gain, input impedance, output impedance, real OP AMP frequency
response characteristics, small signal closed loop frequency response, closed loop stability considerations,
frequency and phase compensation, transient response characteristics, offset voltage and current, bias current,
drift, CMRR, PSRR, slew rate, noise in OP AMP circuits.

UNIT-II
Applications of Op-Amp with Practical Considerations

[A] Linear Applications

Voltage scaling, voltage summation, voltage subtractor, current scaling, voltage to current
converter – floating load and grounded load, current to voltage converter,integrator, differentiator,
instrumentation amplifier.

[B] Non-linear Applications

Comparators - zero crossing detector, peak detector, window detector, Schmitt trigger, log amplifier,
anti-log amplifier, four quadrant multiplier, voltage limiters, precision rectifiers.

UNIT 3:
Signal Generators
[A] Multivibrators using OP AMPS – Monostable, Astable, Bistable.
[B] IC555 Timer – Internal circuit, as Schmitt trigger, Monostable, Astable.
[C] IC8038, triangular wave generator, square wave generator using Op-Amp.
[D] Oscillators – Barkhausen criteria, Wein bridge oscillator, phase shift oscillator.
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

UNIT 4:
Filters
Filter classification – Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel approximations, filter types – low pass, high
pass, band pass (narrow and wide), wide band reject, notch filter (twin-T network), all pass, switched
capacitor filter. Op-Amp realisation of Butterworth and Chebyshev filters for first order and second
order.

UNIT 5:
Data Converters
[A] ADCs – flash, counter, SAR, dual slope (IC0809)
[B] DACs – R-2R, binary ladder (IC0808)
[C] PLL and VCO – introduction and applications (IC565, IC4046, IC566)
[D] Voltage to frequency converter and frequency to voltage converter, Sample and Hold circuit.

UNIT 6:
Regulators and Solid State Sensors
[A] Voltage regulators using OP AMPs
[B] IC regulators – IC723 variable voltage regulator -internal circuit, as high voltage regulator, low
voltage regulator and combination of both, protection circuits for voltage regulators, foldback, current
limiting, current boosting of IC regulators, 3 pin regulators – fixed (78XX and 79XX), adjustable
(IC317), constant current source using 3 pin regulators.
[B] Solid State Sensors – study of AD590, LM334, LM336 and their signal conditioning. Pressure
Switches,

List of Experiments

1. Measurement of CMRR, SR and Frequency Response of IC 741 and IC LM324.

2. Instrumentation Amplifier using LM324.
3. Precision Amplifier using LM324.
4. Timer IC555 applications- Astable and Monostable.
5. Comparator and Schmitt trigger ( unbiased and biased) Circuits using IC LM324.
6. Wein bridge oscillator using IC 741.
7. Realization of 2nd order Butteworth and chebyshev filter (LPF) using LM324.
8. ADC- IC 0809 SAR.
9. DAC- IC 0808 R-2R.
10. Voltage regulator IC 723 – High and Low voltage with fold back protection circuits.
11. Solid state sensor- any one

Text Books
1. OP AMPs – George Clayton, Steve Winder-4th Edition-Newnes Publications
2. Design with Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits – Franco - 2nd Edition, Mc-Graw Hill ,1998
3. OP AMP with Linear Integrated Circuits – William Stanley-CBS Publications.
4. OP AMP and Linear Integrated Circuits - Robert F. Coughlin, Fredrick F. Driscoll-5th Edition.
5. OP AMP and Linear Integrated Circuits and their applications – Ramakant A. Gaikwad -3rd Edition-
PHI, New Delhi Publications.
6. Integrated Circuits – K. R. Botkar

Reference Books
1. Electronic Circuits – discrete and integrated – Schlling and Belove-3rd Edition-McGraw Hill,
NY1989.
2. Microelectronics – Millman-2nd Edition- McGraw Hill, NY1988.
3. OP AMP – design and applications- Tobey and Graceme-McGraw Hill, NY1984
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

206269: Sensors and Transducers - II

Lectures : 3 Hrs./ Week Paper : 100 Marks

Tutorial : 1 Hr./ Week Practical : 50 Marks
Practical : 2 Hrs./ Week Termwork : 25 Marks

Unit 1 : Flow Measurement – I

Units , Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluids , Reynold’s number , Laminar and turbulent
flows , Velocity profile , Bernoulli’s equation for incompressible flow , Density , Beta ratio,
Reynold’s number correction , Square root relation

Head type flow meters : Orifice ( Eccentric , segmental , concentric ) , Different pressure
taps, Venturi , Flow nozzle , Dahl tube, , Pitot tube , Annu bar , Characteristics of head type
flow meters

Open channel flow measurement : Notch , Weirs

Unit 2: Flow Measurement – II

Variable area type : Rotameter

Other flowmeters : Turbine , Target , Electromagnetic , Ultrasonic ( Doppler , Transit time

i.e. Cross correlation ) , Vortex shedding , Positive displacement , Anemometers ( Hot wire ,
Laser )

Mass flowmeters : Coriolis , Angular momentum , Thermal

Flow totalizer

Solid flow meters

Unit 3 : A) Level Measurement

Liquid : Float , Displacer ( Torque tube unit ) , Bubbler , Diaphragm box , DP cell , Ultrasonic ,
Capacitive , Radioactive , Radar ( Contact , Non-contact – TDR / PDS ), Resistance , Thermal , Fiber
optic , Solid level detectors

B) Density Measurement

Liquid : Chain-balanced float type , Hydrometer ( Buoyancy type ) , Gravitrolmeter ( U tube

type ) , Hydrostatic Head ( Air bubbler , DP Cell ) , Oscillating Coriolis , Radiation

Gas : Gow-Mac , Electromagnetic suspension , Displacement

Unit 4 : A) Velocity Measurement

Terminology , Mechanical revolution counters – timers , Hall effect proximity pickup ,

Magnetic ( toothed rotor ) , Photoelectric pulse counting method , Translational velocity
transducers ( Moving coil , Moving Magnet ) , AC and DC tachometers , Capacitive
tachometer , Gyroscope ( Integrated , Rate ) ,

B) Acceleration and Vibration Measurement

 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

Terminology , Seismic , Strain gauge , Piezoelectric , Servo , Digital , Solid cylinder ,

Jerkmeter , Vibrometer , Vibration exciters ( for Simulation ) , Calibration of accelerometers

Unit 5 : A) pH and Conductivity Measurement

pH measurement : Terminology , Nearnst equation , Temperature compensation , Buffer

solutions , Electrode potentials, Reference electrodes , Measuring electrodes , Combined
electrode , Measuring circuits , Maintenance and cleaners , Solid state reference electrode

Conductivity measurement : Probes , Cell constant , Measuring circuits

B) Viscosity Measurement

Terminology , Units , Types - Capillary , Saybolt , Searle’s rotating cylinder , Cone and plate ,
Falling and rolling ball , Rotameter

Unit 6 : A) Humidity and Moisture Measurement

Humidity measurement : Terminology , Psychrometer , Hygrometer ( Hair wire , Electrolysis

) , Dew point meter , Piezoelectric , Infrared absorption
Moisture measurement : Conductance and capacitance probes

B) Thickness Measurement: Magnetic , Dielectric , Ultrasonic , LVDT

Note :

1) All the above transducers are to be studied with reference to operating principle , construction and
working , materials of construction , calibration procedure , performance characteristics , merits ,
demerits and applications.

2) Tutorial : Information with reference to manufacturers ( Indigenous , Foreign ) , Specifications ,

Cost , Standards.

List of Experiments :

1. Title : Measurement of Flow Using a) Orifice b) Venturi

Objective : To Plot the characteristics i.e. graph of flow rate versus differential pressure and to verify
the square-root relation.
List of Equipments : Flow loop with necessary components.

2. Title : Measurement of Flow Using Rotameter

Objective : To plot the characteristics i.e. graph of flow rate versus displacement of float . To
calibrate the Rotameter against some standard flowmeter and study the effect of change of density of
liquid.
List of Equipments : Flow loop with necessary components.

3. Title :Measurement of Level Using Any Two Techniques

Objective : To plot the characteristics of sensor i.e. graph of change in output of sensor versus level
is expected.
List of Equipments : Level measurement setup with necessary components.

4. Title : Study and Characterization of pH Meter

Objective : To characterize the pH meter using buffer solutions and measurement of pH of different
solutions. To study the effect of temperature on pH measurement.
List of Equipments : pH measurement setup.

5. Title : Study and Characterization of Conductivity-meter

Objective : To characterize the conductivity meter and measurement of conductivity of different
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

solutions. To verify the cell constant and the effect of cell constant on measurement.
List of Equipments : Conductivity measurement setup.

6. Title : Measurement of Relative Humidity by Any One Technique

Objective : To plot the characteristics of sensor i.e. graph of change in output of sensor versus relative
humidity is expected.
List of Equipments : Relative humidity measurement setup.

7. Title : Measurement of Density by

a) Hydrostatic head or b) Buoyancy type methods
Objective : To plot the characteristics of sensor i.e. graph of change in output of sensor versus density
is expected.
List of Equipments : Density measurement setup.
8. Title : Study and Calibration of Vibrometer and Accelerometer
Objective : To calibrate the vibrometer / accelerometer and measurement of vibration / acceleration
List of Equipments : Accelerometer / Vibrometer setup.

9. Title : Measurement of Velocity Using Contact Method.

Objective : To measure the electrical output of tachogenerator and plot the graph of tachogenerator
output versus speed.
List of Equipments : Contact type velocity measurement setup.

10. Title : Measurement of Velocity Using Non-contact ( Magnetic – Toothed

Rotor , Photoelectric ) Methods
Objective : To observe the frequency output of the sensor ( magnetic /
photoelectric ) and calculate the RPM using the formula and compare the result with RPM shown by
the indicator of the system.
List of Equipments : Contact and non-contact type velocity measurement setups.

11. Title : Measurement of Viscosity Using Any One Technique

Objective : To calibrate the viscometer and measurement of viscosity of different liquids.
List of Equipments : Accelerometer / Vibrometer setup.

Any eight of above mentioned eleven experiments are to be performed.

Text Books :

1.Instrumentation Devices and Systems- Rangan , Sharma , Mani-Tata McGrawhill- Second Edition
2. Instrumentation Measurement and Analysis- Nakra , Chaudhary Tata McGrawhill-21st Reprint
3. Measurement SystemApplication and Design- E. O. Doebelin McGrawhill International- Fourth
Edition
4. Transducers and Instrumentation- D. V. S. Murthy- PHI-Second Reprint1995
5. Principles of Industrial Instrumentation- D. Patranabis-Tata McGrawhill-7th Reprint,1986
6. Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation- A. K. Sawhney- Dhanpat Rai and
Sons , Delhi-2002print
7. Mechanical and Industrial Measurement- R.K.Jain- Khanna Publications-9th print

Reference Books :
1. Applied Instrumentation in Process Industries ( Vol. I )- Andrew , Williams- Gulf Publications
Company- Second Edition
2. Process Measurement and Analysis- B. G. Liptak- Butterworth Heinemann- Third Edition
3. Jone’s Instrument Technology ( Vol. 1 and Vol. 2 )- B. E. Noltingk EL / BS- Fourth Edition
4. Process Control Instrumentation Technology- C. D. Jonhson- PHI- Seventh Edition

206270 : NETWORK THEORY

Theory: 100 Marks Lect: 3 Hrs/Week

Term work: 25 Marks Tutorial: 1 Hr/Week
 S.E. Instrumentation and Control.

Unit1:
Writing differential equations for electrical and electronic Circuits, Kirchoff’s current Law (KCL),
Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL), Mesh Analysis, Initial Conditions, Star- Delta networks and
Transformation, Matrix Solution of steady state network equations, Phasors, AC steady-state network
equations.

Unit 2:
Waveform Synthesis, Properties of driving point impedance, Amplitude, Phase, Phase Delay,
Convolution integral, Network synthesis, Active Network synthesis, Realiazibility of one part network,
Hurwitz Network synthesis polynomials.

Unit 3:
Network Theorems: Superposition, Thevinin’s, Norton, Miller, Tellegen, Maximum Power Transfer
theorem, Reciprocity, Substitution, Current and Voltage source transformation Star- Delta
transformation.

Unit 4:
Network functions, Poles and Zeroes, Parts of network functions, obtaining a network from a given
part.

Unit 5:
Two port network parameters Z, Y, H and transmission parameters, Combinations of two ports,
Analysis of common two ports.

Unit 6:
Analog Filter Design: Time domain, Frequency Domain approximation, Low pass filter, Butterworth
Chebyshre Filter, Linear Phase Filters.

Reference Books:

1. John D Ryder,” Network Lines and Fields”, Prentice Hall, 2nd edition1999
2. Van Valkenburg ,” Network Lines “,3rd edition,
3. Franklin F. Kuo,” Network Analysis and Synthesis “, 2nd edition, Wiley International, 1996
4. A, Sudhalkar and Shyammohan S. Palli,”Circuits and Networks-Analysis and Synthesis,” 2nd
edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002
5. V. K. Atre,”Network Theory and Filter Design”, 2nd edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd. 1990
6. D. Roy Chaudhary,”Network Analysis and Synthesis”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1991