CHINESE GENERAL HOSPITAL COLLEGES

College of Medical Technology

Second Semester, Academic Year 2019-2020
BSMT Level 1 – Mr. J. Perez
CHEM 111.1 Laboratory Learning Module
REYES, ANGELA P.
BSMT 1A-1
190122767
JUNE 6, 2020
MODULE 1: ACID-BASE TITRATION

1. What is the difference between endpoint and equivalence point?

The endpoint is where the moles of base are taken in the final reading and the
equivalent acid moles are added in present. The indicator is referred to as the point at
which acid-base titration changes colour. The pH at first changes very little as the base
changes the pH unintentionally as the endpoint passes.
The equivalence point is exactly the same as the moles of base and moles of acid
in an analyte solution. The chemical reaction level at which acid and base concentrations
are chemically equivalent. The pH can be checked with a pH electrode during titration
and the equivalence point can be determined as the point with the fastest pH transition.
The point of equivalence comes before the end point.
2. Can you determine the endpoint and equivalence point of Titrations A and B? If
yes, please show the titration curves. If no, why? NO

a. Titration of HCl (0.25 M, 0.5 M, 1.0 M) with NaOH (0.5 M)

0.25

Equivalence Point = 7.0; Endpoint = 3.2

The equivalence point of methyl orange in 0.25 HCL is 7.0 because it is where the acid
meets the base before changing its color. The endpoint is 3.2, where it started to reach the
neutral color.

Equivalence Point = 7; Endpoint 10.8

The equivalence point of phenolphthalein in 0.25 HCL is 7.0 because it is where the acid
meets the base before changing its color. The endpoint is 10.8 where it started to reach
the neutral color.
 Equivalence Point = 7; Endpoint = 7.0
The equivalence point of bromothymol blue in 0.25 HCL is 7 because it is where the acid
meets the base before changing its color. The endpoint is 7.0 where it started to reach the
neutral color.

0.5

Equivalence Point= 2.7; Endpoint = 7.0

The equivalence point of methyl orange in 0.50 HCL is 2.7 because it is where the acid
meets the base before changing its color. The endpoint is 7.0 where it started to reach the
neutral color.
 Equivalence Point = 7.0; Endpoint = 10.7
The equivalence point of phenolohthalein in 0.50 HCL is 7.0 because it is where the acid
meets the base before changing its color. The endpoint is 10.7 where it started to to reach
the neutral color.

Equivalence Point = 7.0; Endpoint = 7.0

The equivalence point of bromothymol blue in 0.50 HCL is 7.0 because it is where the
acid meets the base before changing its color. The endpoint is 7.0 where it started to to
reach the neutral color.
1.0

Equivalence Point = 2.9; Endpoint = 7.0

The equivalence point of methyl orange in 1.0 HCL is 2.9 because it is where the acid
meets the base before changing its color. The endpoint is 7.0 where it started to meet the
correct color of the titration.

Equivalence Point = 7.0; Endpoint = NONE

The equivalence point is 7.0 where where the acid meets the base. Phenolphthalein
indicator is a low acid level that means that the hydrogen level is not fully ionized.
Therefore, it won't change color if you apply phenolphthalein to HCL because it is acidic.
There’s no endpoint because the pH is less than the normal pH range of phenolphthalein.
 Equivalence Point = 7.0; Endpoint = 7.0
The equivalence point of bromothymol blue in 1.0 HCL is 7.0 because it is where the
acid meets the base before changing its color. The endpoint is 7.0 where it started to meet
the correct color of the titration.

b. Titration of CH3COOH (0.25 M, 0.5M, 1.0 M) with NaOH (0.1M)

0.25

Equivalence Point = NONE; Endpoint = 3.2

The endpoint of methyl orange in 0.25 CH3COOH is 3.2 because it is where the acid
started to change to neutral color. It turns yellow because it has a ph greater tan 4.4.
There’s no equivalence point because it means that the solutions haven’t been mixed in
exactly the right proportions.
Phenolphthalein is a low acid level that means that the hydrogen level is not fully ionized.
NaOH is a strong base. The hydrogen solutions doesn’t dissociate a weak acid such as
CH3COOH. The color shift of the indicator in the acid-base titration is not observed
because of the strength of the acid at equivalence point and endpoint. Therefore,
phenolphthalein indicator is not suited to CH3COOH weak acid because it
phenolphthalein ranges from 8.3-10.0 pH level. The pH is less than 8.3, therefore, it is
colorless and considered as acidic.

Bromothymol blue is a low acid level that means that the hydrogen level is not fully
ionized. NaOH is a strong base. The hydrogen solutions doesn’t dissociate a weak acid
such as CH3COOH. The color shift of the indicator in the acid base titration is not
observed because of the strength of the acid at equivalence point and endpoint. Therefore,
bromothymol indicator is not suited to CH3COOH weak acid because bromothymol blue
ranges from 6.2-7.6 pH level. The pH is less than 6.2, therefore, it is turns yellow and
considered as acidic.
0.5

Equivalence Point = NONE; Endpoint = 3.2

The endpoint of methyl orange in 0.25 CH3COOH is 3.2 because it is where the acid
started to change to neutral color. It turns yellow because it has a ph greater than 4.4.
There’s no equivalence point because it means that the solutions haven’t been mixed in
exactly the right proportions.

Phenolphthalein is a low acid level that means that the hydrogen level is not fully ionized.
NaOH is a strong base. The hydrogen solutions doesn’t dissociate a weak acid such as
CH3COOH. The color shift of the indicator in the acid-base titration is not observed
because of the strength of the acid at equivalence point and endpoint. Therefore,
phenolphthalein indicator is not suited to CH3COOH weak acid because it
phenolphthalein ranges from 8.3-10.0 pH level. The pH is less than 8.3, therefore, it is
colorless and considered as acidic.
 Bromothymol blue is a low acid level that means that the hydrogen level is not fully
ionized. NaOH is a strong base. The hydrogen solutions doesn’t dissociate a weak acid
such as CH3COOH. The color shift of the indicator in the acid base titration is not
observed because of the strength of the acid at equivalence point and endpoint. Therefore,
bromothymol indicator is not suited to CH3COOH weak acid because bromothymol blue
ranges from 6.2-7.6 pH level. The pH is less than 6.2, therefore, it is turns yellow and
considered as acidic.

1.0

Equivalence Point = NONE ; Endpoint = 3.2

The endpoint of methyl orange in 0.25 CH3COOH is 3.2 because it is where the acid
started to change to neutral color. It turns yellow because it has a ph greater tan 4.4.
There’s no equivalence point because it means that the solutions haven’t been mixed in
exactly the right proportions.
Phenolphthalein is a low acid level that means that the hydrogen level is not fully ionized.
NaOH is a strong base. The hydrogen solutions doesn’t dissociate a weak acid such as
CH3COOH. The color shift of the indicator in the acid-base titration is not observed
because of the strength of the acid at equivalence point and endpoint. Therefore,
phenolphthalein indicator is not suited to CH3COOH weak acid because it
phenolphthalein ranges from 8.3-10.0 pH level. The pH is less than 8.3, therefore, it is
colorless and considered as acidic.

Bromothymol blue is a low acid level that means that the hydrogen level is not fully
ionized. NaOH is a strong base. The hydrogen solutions doesn’t dissociate a weak acid
such as CH3COOH. The color shift of the indicator in the acid base titration is not
observed because of the strength of the acid at equivalence point and endpoint. Therefore,
bromothymol indicator is not suited to CH3COOH weak acid because bromothymol blue
ranges from 6.2-7.6 pH level. The pH is less than 6.2, therefore, it is turns yellow and
considered as acidic.
3. What is the end points for each indicator used (methyl orange, phenolphthalein and
bromothymol blue)?

https://www.ausetute.com.au/indicata.html

Methyl orange has a pH level of 3.2 – 3.4. In HCL acids (0.25, 0.5, 1.0), methyl orange
indicator has a pH level of 7 that results to be yellow and neutral in the table above. While in
CH3COOH acids (0.25, 0.5, 1.0), methyl orange indicator has a pH level of 3.2 which results to
be yellowish and acidic.

Phenolphthalein ranges from 8.3-10.0. In HCL acids (0.25 and 0.5), phenolphthalein
indicator had a pH level of 10.8 and 10.7 which is in between the pH range which results to be
pinkish and slightly alkaline solution. While in (1.0), phenolphthalein doesn’t have an endpoint
because it did not persist to change the color of titration. In CH3COOH acids (0.25, 0.5, 1.0),
phenolphthalein indicator has a pH level of 5.3, 4.6 and 4.1 which is lower than the normal pH
range which results to be colourless and acidic.

Bromothymol blue ranges from 6.2-7.6. In HCL acids (0.25,0.5 and 1.0), bromothomyl blue
indicator had a pH level of 7.0’s that results to be color blue and neutral. In CH3COOH acids
(0.25, 0.5, and 1.0) bromothymol blue indicator had a pH level of 5.3, 4.6 and 4.1 which is lower
than the normal pH range that results to be yellowish and acidic.
 4. What is the importance of choosing the right indicator for titration?
Titrations often include indicators that significantly change colour. At any point
on the pH scale, the indicators of these titrations should change in colour. Learn how to
mix the two substances in precisely equal proportions at the same equivalence point of a
titration. Obviously, you must choose an indicator that changes color to the equivalence
point as close as possible. To fix the vertical part of the titration curve and match it. You
must have an indicator with an equivalence range corresponding to its vertical range. This
color change is important to determine how well your solution is neutralized.

5. What is the best indicator for Titrations A and B? Why?

Titration A is consist of HCL which is a strong acid and NaOH is a strong base. Once the
pH exceeds 7.0, the titration is complete. The color change occurs in aqueous solution between
3.1 and 4.4. Methyl orange would not be suited here. In this situation, not helpful. Bromothymol
blue, which goes from yellow to blue at pH levels between 6.2 and 7.6 within the rapid transition
point curve, would be a much safer option.

Titration B is consist of CH3COOH which is a weak acid and NaOh is a strong base. The
titration of the one against the other creates an irregular curve and the pH moves less past the
equivalence point with small titrants. The titration is achieved when the pH is 7.
Phenolphthalein, which ranges from colourless to pink with pH from 8.3 to 10.00, is more
convenient in titration B. The solution appears light pink at the end point between pH 8.3 and
10.0.