The Magazines & Newspapers are in the Black Mirror.
Late Edition
VOL. CLXIX . . . . No. 58,721
The presence of National Guard troops in Washington has been jarring for civilians, as well as for lawmakers and the military itself.
Troops Shaken Biden Is No Stranger to Grief, or to Consolation
By War Tactics
In City Streets An overstuffed binder sat in Joe Stakes a Bid on His died
This article is by Thomas Gib-
bons-Neff, Eric Schmitt and Helene
Cooper.
WASHINGTON — A white Na-
tional Guard commander called
the standoff in Lafayette Square
“the Alamo,” implying that the
White House was under siege.
Black members of the D.C. Guard
objected to turning on their neigh-
bors. Army leaders told pilots to
“flood the box with everything we
have” as two helicopters buzzed
protesters in the streets.
The National Guard is now en-
gaged in an investigation of the
havoc a week ago Monday in
downtown Washington, similar to
after-the-fact examinations more
common to battlefields in Iraq and
Afghanistan. There will be ques-
tions, interviews and competing
narratives.
But on one point everyone is
agreed: The first days of June, a
calamitous period for the Trump
presidency, have been a debacle
for the National Guard.
There has been a torrent of criti-
cism from Congress, senior re-
tired military officers and Guard
members themselves since more
than 5,000 Guard troops — from
the District of Columbia and a doz-
en states — were rushed to the
streets of the capital to help in the
crackdown on mostly peaceful
protesters and occasional looters
after the killing of George Floyd in
police custody. The D.C. Guard
has halted recruiting efforts, and
at least four National Guard
troops have tested positive for the
coronavirus.
D.C. Guard members, typically
deployed to help after hurricanes,
floods and other natural disasters,
say they feel demoralized and ex-
hausted. More than 60 percent are
Continued on Page A21
On Black Lives Matter, the Public Has Quickly Moved to the Left
By NATE COHN
and KEVIN QUEALY
American public opinion can
sometimes seem stubborn. Voters
haven’t really changed their
views on abortion in 50 years.
Donald J. Trump’s approval rating
among registered voters has fall-
en within a five-point range for
INTERNATIONAL A10-11
A Backlog of Surrogate Births
Ukraine eased virus-related travel
restrictions for 11 foreign couples, but
births still outpace pickups. PAGE A10
Debate on U.S. Troop Levels
America faces growing pressure to
reduce its military presence in Iraq as
attacks by ISIS are on the rise. PAGE A11
© 2020 The New York Times Company
wife, Neilia, and their daughter,
Presidential Candidate Naomi.
By KATIE GLUECK
and MATT FLEGENHEIMER of cancer at 46, five years ago
last month.
Biden’s Senate office, holding the
raw materials of his grief.
It was a master collection, aides
recalled, with remarks, notes and
drafts of eulogies Mr. Biden had
given through 2008 — for child-
hood friends, prominent senators,
his own father. The table of con-
tents was long enough to use ev-
ery letter of the alphabet. It in-
cluded a section of favored pas-
sages, often deployed in his re-
membrances, labeled “Quotable
Quotes: Death.”
“Death is part of this life,” one
such axiom read, “and not of the
next.”
And it has been, in many ways,
the defining part of Mr. Biden’s.
A Plea to Congress: ‘Make It Stop’
Philonise Floyd, George Floyd’s brother, spoke about killings of black men by the police. Page A20.
just about every day of his presi-
dency.
But the Black Lives Matter
movement has been an exception
from the start.
Public opinion on race and
criminal justice issues has been
steadily moving left since the first
protests ignited over the fatal
shootings of Trayvon Martin and
Michael Brown. And since the
TRACKING AN OUTBREAK A4-9
Accepting Illness in Reopening
India, Mexico, Russia, Iran and Paki-
stan have decided they must end lock-
downs and restart their economies,
despite rising virus cases.
NATIONAL A12-24
Trump Picks Fight Over Bases
The president rejected the idea of giv-
ing new names to Army installations
honoring Confederate officers. PAGE A22
Finger-Pointing in Georgia
A primary was plagued by glitches, but
Democrats also say they saw a systemic
effort to disenfranchise voters. PAGE A16
NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
One of those sons, Beau,
Capacity to Heal
The compilation, never before
detailed publicly, is the sort of
trove that few but Mr. Biden could
amass, or even think to — a metic-
ulous testament to the mixture of
mourning and resilience that has
shaped virtually every aspect of
his personal and political history.
Mr. Biden has been linked to
matters of death and recovery
since the minute he was sworn in
as a United States senator, from
the hospital where his two toddler
sons were recovering after the
1972 car crash that killed his first
death of George Floyd in police
custody on May 25, public opinion
on race, criminal justice and the
Black Lives Matter movement
has leapt leftward.
Over the last two weeks, sup-
port for Black Lives Matter in-
creased by nearly as much as it
had over the previous two years,
according to data from Civiqs, an
online survey research firm. By a
PAGE A5
BUSINESS B1-7
No More Gummy Bear Jars
Companies like Salesforce created
homey workplaces. But now they may
feel more like hospitals.
Any Takers for $130 Billion?
Small-business owners are becoming
reluctant to borrow from the federal
Paycheck Protection Program. PAGE B1
Telegram: @WorldAndNews
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
But the scope of the personal
losses Mr. Biden has endured, and
his fluency in discussing death —
a subject many elected leaders
hope to avoid — go beyond what is
commonly understood.
A Times review of nearly 60 eu-
logies Mr. Biden has delivered, as
well as interviews with more than
two dozen friends, former staff
members and relatives of those he
has eulogized, offer an intimate
window into how he sought to
comfort those joining him in
mourning, and how he would seek
to lead a nation grappling with
death and devastation.
As the country confronts the
wrenching, overlapping crises of
Continued on Page A14
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
28-point margin, Civiqs finds that
a majority of American voters
support the movement, up from a
17-point margin before the most
recent wave of protests began.
The survey is not the only one to
suggest that recent protests enjoy
broad public support. Weekly
polling for the U.C.L.A./Nation-
scape survey shows a significant
Continued on Page A23
SPORTSTHURSDAY B8-10
NASCAR Bans Stars and Bars
The auto racing circuit, which has a
predominantly white and Southern fan
base, announced that it would ban the
Confederate battle flag from its events
and properties.
THURSDAY STYLES D1-6
The Party’s Still Over
With galas and splashy fund-raisers
PAGE B1 paused, the events industry has been
struggling to function when there are
no social functions.
EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27
Gail Collins
Fed Chair Says EX-JUDGE ATTACKS
Economic Pain FLYNN REVERSAL
May Last Years
Jobless Rate of 9.3%
Seen at Year’s End PUSH FOR PROSECUTION
By JEANNA SMIALEK
and ALAN RAPPEPORT
WASHINGTON — The head of
the Federal Reserve on Wednes-
day offered a grim assessment of
how quickly the U.S. economy will
recover from its pandemic-in-
duced recession, suggesting that
millions of people could remain
out of work for an extended period
as central bank officials estimated
unemployment will be at 9.3 per-
cent by the end of 2020.
The Fed chair, Jerome H. Pow-
ell, said the labor market might
have “hit bottom” after recording
a 14.7 percent unemployment rate
in April, but made clear that it was
too soon to know for certain.
“This is the biggest economic
shock, in the U.S. and the world,
really, in living memory,” Mr. Pow-
ell said at a news conference after
the Fed’s two-day policy meeting,
during which it left rates un-
changed. “We went from the low-
est level of unemployment in 50
years to the highest level in close
to 90 years, and we did it in two
months.”
The sober projections, the Fed’s
first estimates of 2020, depicted a
very different economic path from
the quick “V-shaped recovery”
that President Trump has sug-
gested is underway as he pushes
states to reopen and remove the
stay-at-home orders that have
contributed to bringing business
activity to a halt.
Mr. Trump has pointed to the
stock market rally and the May
jobs report, in which the unem-
ployment rate fell to 13.3 percent,
as evidence that the economy is
“back.”
“I think you’re going to have a V.
I think it’s going to be terrific,” Mr.
Trump said last month, referring
to kind of economic rebound that
can occur after a sharp decline. He
has continually called for states to
reopen, suggesting that officials
who do not lift quarantines are ar-
tificially holding back the recov-
ery.
But Mr. Powell did not suggest a
rapid return to the type of eco-
nomic growth and low joblessness
that defined the 11-year expan-
sion, even as states allow restau-
rants, offices and salons to re-
open. Instead, he said, “there is
great uncertainty” about the fu-
ture given unknowns about the co-
ronavirus and whether people will
feel comfortable resuming their
previous day-to-day activities ab-
sent a vaccine.
“My assumption is that there
will be a significant chunk, well
Continued on Page A5
Foundations Borrow Heavily
To Support a Battered Nation
By JAMES B. STEWART and NICHOLAS KULISH
The week after the U.S. econ-
omy shut down in March, Darren
Walker, the president of the Ford
Foundation, fielded a stream of
phone calls from the heads of doz-
ens of organizations that Ford
supports. Many were panicked.
One was in tears.
“There was a sense of despera-
tion and panic from these usually
self-assured leaders,” Mr. Walker
recalled. “There’s never been
such an existential challenge to
the future of the nonprofit sector.”
In 2019, the Ford Foundation
handed out $520 million in grants.
Mr. Walker quickly realized that
was not going to be anywhere
near enough in this crisis-en-
gulfed year.
His solution: Borrow money,
spend it quickly and inspire others
to follow Ford’s lead.
The Ford Foundation plans to
announce on Thursday that it will
borrow $1 billion so that it can dra-
PAGE B9
ARTS C1-7
The Gallery at La Guardia
The airport’s Terminal B opens Satur-
day with sprawling art installations by
Sarah Sze, Laura Owens, Sabine Hornig
and Jeppe Hein, above.
PAGE D1
U(D54G1D)y+?!&!&!?!"
PAGE A27
Today, some clouds, breezy, humid,
shower or heavy thunderstorms,
high 80. Tonight, mostly cloudy, low
68. Tomorrow, less humid, high 84.
Weather map appears on Page C8.
$3.00
AS ‘GROSS ABUSE’
Justice Dept. Bid to Drop
Case Is Condemned
as Political Move
By CHARLIE SAVAGE
and ADAM GOLDMAN
WASHINGTON — A retired
federal judge accused the Justice
Department on Wednesday of a
“gross abuse of prosecutorial
power” and urged a court to reject
its attempt to drop the criminal
case against Michael T. Flynn,
President Trump’s former na-
tional security adviser.
The arguments in a 73-page
brief by John Gleeson, the retired
judge and former mafia prosecu-
tor appointed to argue against the
Justice Department’s unusual ef-
fort to drop the Flynn case, were
the latest turn in a politically
charged case that now centers on
the question of whether Mr. Flynn
should continue to be prosecuted.
He said Mr. Flynn should be sen-
tenced.
The Justice Department’s inter-
vention last month, directed by
Attorney General William P. Barr,
CARLOS BARRIA/REUTERS
Michael T. Flynn, a Trump ally,
pleaded guilty but backtracked.
came after a long public campaign
by Mr. Trump and his allies and
prompted an outcry from former
law enforcement officials that the
administration was further politi-
cizing the department.
Mr. Flynn’s lawyers and the
Justice Department have sought
to bypass Mr. Gleeson and the fed-
eral judge in the case who ap-
pointed him, Emmet G. Sullivan.
An appeals panel will hear argu-
ments on Friday about whether to
dismiss the case without allowing
Judge Sullivan to conduct his re-
view of the department’s request
to withdraw the charge against
Continued on Page A19
matically increase the amount of
money it distributes. To raise the
money, the foundation — one of
the country’s iconic and oldest
charitable organizations — is pre-
paring to issue a combination of
30- and 50-year bonds, a financial
maneuver common among gov-
ernments and companies but ex-
tremely rare among nonprofits.
Four other leading charitable
foundations will pledge on Thurs-
day that they will join with Ford
and increase their giving by at
least $725 million.
The decision by the five influen-
tial foundations — major sponsors
of social justice organizations,
museums and the arts and envi-
ronmental causes — could shatter
the charitable world’s deeply en-
trenched tradition of fiscal re-
straint during periods of eco-
nomic hardship. That conserva-
tism has provoked anger that
Continued on Page A7
PAGE C1
A2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

A. G. SULZBERGER
NEWS EDITORIAL
Publisher
DEAN BAQUET Executive Editor KATHLEEN KINGSBURY Editorial Page Editor
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Founded in 1851
REBECCA BLUMENSTEIN Deputy Managing Editor BUSINESS
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Publisher 1896-1935 MARK THOMPSON Chief Executive Officer
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Publisher 1935-1961
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Publisher 1992-2017

Inside The Times A Note to Our Readers

THE STORY BEHIND THE STORY

There is no separate New York

section today. New York coverage
is included as part of the
Tracking an Outbreak section
on Pages A4-A9.

The Newspaper
And Beyond

CORRECTIONS A19
CROSSWORD C3
OBITUARIES A25
OPINION A26-27
TV LISTINGS C7
WEATHER C8
SARA KRULWICH/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Daniel J. Watts and Adrienne Warren of “Tina” will be part of Thursday’s conversation. CLASSIFIED ADS B10

A Forum on Broadway’s Challenges VIDEO

“Offstage,” a new digital series from The Times’s newsroom events team that premieres Philonise Floyd, brother of George
tonight, was created to showcase a Broadway season cut short by the pandemic. But that Floyd, testified before the House
was before protests around the country shifted the spotlight toward questions of race in Judiciary Committee on Wednes-
theater: about representation onstage and off, of what stories are told, of who is telling day for a hearing on police brutal-

The joys. them. Michael Paulson, the theater reporter at The Times, discussed in an edited inter- ity and racial profiling.
view Monday how the series, and the industry, are shifting in response. NANCY COLEMAN nytimes.com/video

The tribulations.
How did this project come together, and whatand representation, whose stories get told
was the vision for Thursday’s Opening Night?and by whom. These are not brand-new
Our initial idea was that we would have a issues, but obviously they’ve been given a

The twists.
big kickoff episode that would air around new focus.
the time when the Tony Awards had been There are people who are taking to social
scheduled to take place, and would high- media to talk about their own experiences
light moments of the theater season that of racism in the industry. People forming
our cultural journalists loved, as well as coalitions and organizations to try and
moments of the scheduled season that our sketch out agendas for change. People NEWSLETTER
journalists were looking forward to. It pressing the media, including The New
The Morning has versions that are
would reflect on a combination of shows — York Times, to pay more attention to these
curated with the news that mat-
all on Broadway, all from this past season, issues. Casts are meeting with producers;
ters to Europe, Asia or Australia.
some of which actually opened. shows are issuing statements. People are
To sign up, visit
We talk with Sonya Tayeh, the choreogra- petitioning for the Apollo Theater, a historic nytimes.com/themorning.
pher of “Moulin Rouge! The Musical”; the venue in Harlem, to be designated a Broad-
playwright Jeremy O. Harris, who wrote way house. And a number of nonprofit
“Slave Play,”; and Mary-Louise Parker from theaters are opening their lobbies (and
“The Sound Inside.” The show is introduced their bathrooms) to protesters. It feels like
by Sarah Jessica Parker and Matthew we’re just at the beginning of a new stage of
Broderick, who of course are married to the ongoing conversation about race and
each other and were scheduled to be in a art, race and decision-making, race and
revival of Neil Simon’s “Plaza Suite.” money, and generally about whether the
theater world is representative and just.
Modern Love How has the event shifted?
What sort of actual effects do you see coming
We had recorded most of our interviews EVENT
Read, watch and listen to the stories. and performances before George Floyd was out of those conversations?
nytimes.com/modernlove The virtual school year is ending.
killed, and we immediately started talking One of the really unusual aspects of this
But what about summer? Many
about what we should do. We decided to moment is that it’s taking place during a
camps, public pools and play-
expand our show by starting with a conver- pandemic, and theaters are closed. They
grounds are closed. The team at
sation with black theater artists about race are also under enormous financial duress.
NYT Parenting will share ideas to
and Broadway — and we are recording that Even before George Floyd was killed, it was
help get your family through the
conversation at midday Thursday, a few very difficult to know what theater in Amer-
summer months. This audio
hours before it streams, so it will be as close ica might look like in 2020-2021. And now
event, part of The Times’s Live at
to the news as we can get. It’s going to be when you add the conversation that has
Home series, is on June 17 at 2
moderated by Wesley Morris, a critic-at- been spurred by his killing, it’s even harder
p.m. E.D.T. To R.S.V.P., visit
large in the Culture section, and it will to know.
timesevents.nytimes.com.
feature four artists who were working on
The movement now has a larger reach and
Broadway this season: Kenny Leon, a
more momentum than we’ve seen in past
Tony-winning director who directed “A
moments of national unrest. Do you see a
Soldier’s Play”; Adrienne Warren and
proportional shift in the theater industry?
Daniel J. Watts, who play Tina Turner and
It seems more heated and more universal. Contact the Newsroom
Ike Turner in “Tina”; and Celia Rose Good-
It feels like there’s more industrywide nytnews@nytimes.com
ing, who stars in “Jagged Little Pill.”
recognition than ever before that there is a Share a News Tip
What conversations around race are problem. tips@nytimes.com or nytimes.com/tips
happening right now among theatermakers? Contact Customer Care
“Offstage” premieres at 7 p.m. Eastern time. The
The events of the last few weeks have in- first show has been prerecorded, but future nytimes.com/contactus
tensified a discussion that’s been going on episodes will be live. R.S.V.P. for the event at or 1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637)
for some time — about diversity and power timesevents.nytimes.com/broadway.

On This Day in History

A MEMORABLE HEADLINE FROM THE NEW YORK TIMES

SCREEN: ‘E.T.,’ FANTASY FROM SPIELBERG

Give the gift they’ll June 11, 1982. The Times film critic Vincent Canby called Steven Spielberg’s “E.T. the

open every day.
Gift subscriptions to The New York Times.
Visit nytimes.com/gift or call 855-698-5273.
Extra-Terrestrial” an “enchanted fantasy” and praised the film’s wisdom, comedic mo-
ments and “beautifully realized” special effects. Mr. Canby suggested that the story of
10-year-old Elliott and the alien he befriends “may become a children’s classic of the
space age.” He was right: “E.T.” would go on to hold the record for the highest-grossing
film of all time for more than a decade.
Subscribers can browse the complete Times archives through 2002 at timesmachine.nytimes.com.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N A3

Of Interest
NOTEWORTHY FACTS FROM TODAY’S PAPER

Studies have found that people are India is now producing more new
less likely to find friendly looking daily coronavirus infections, around
faces guilty of crimes, while people 10,000, than all but two countries,
who look “happy” are generally the United States and Brazil.
deemed more trustworthy. Ailing Nations Push to Reopen, Accepting More
How Emotions Play Out Behind the Masks D3 Illness as the Price to Pay A5

• •
Salesforce, the cloud software giant A Twitter account,
based in San Francisco, has more @nypdmaskwatch, has posted
than 50,000 employees at more photographs of officers without
than 160 offices around the world. masks, including their names and
Goodbye, Gummy Bears: Cheery Salesforce Offices badge numbers.
May No Longer Seem Like a Home Away At New York Protests, Police Wear Protective Gear,
From Home. B1 But Many Skip Masks A23
CLAY HICKSON
• •
Ukraine has in recent years become CrossFit is one of the largest fitness
In a survey of economists released
the leading country providing brands, now with more than 6,000
by the American Economic
surrogacy services to foreigners, affiliate gyms in the United States
Association last year, only
industry executives and women’s alone.
14 percent of black economists
rights advocates say. CrossFit’s C.E.O. Is Out After Tense Exchange D6
agreed with the statement that
Ukraine’s Backlog of Babies Born to Surrogates
Begins to Ease A10 “people of my race/ethnicity are
respected within the field.”
Protests Intensify Push for Diversity
In Economics B3

The Conversation Spotlight

FOUR OF THE MOST READ, SHARED AND DISCUSSED POSTS ADDITIONAL REPORTAGE AND REPARTEE
FROM ACROSS NYTIMES.COM FROM OUR JOURNALISTS

Man Who Mocked George Floyd’s Killing
Is Fired by FedEx
Wednesday’s most read article was this report about several
white men who gathered near a Black Lives Matter protest in
New Jersey. One man yelled while kneeling on the neck of
another who was facedown on the ground. The incident drew
a fierce condemnation.
This week, the University of California, Berkeley, and GridLab
released a new study modeling how the United States “could
get 90 percent of its electricity from zero-carbon sources by
2035 using existing technology, without any huge break-
throughs,” as Brad Plumer, a Times climate reporter, put it on
Twitter. Mr. Plumer went on to outline some highlights from
the study; a lightly edited excerpt follows.

That Trump Tweet? Republicans Prefer Not to See It
Emily Cochrane, who covers Congress for The Times, found
that even when presented with a printout of President
Trump’s incendiary Twitter comment, Republican lawmakers
toiled to avoid commenting.
There’s a lot of debate about how hard it might
be to make the grid 100 percent zero-carbon. Do we
need long-duration batteries, advanced nuclear, carbon
capture, etc? A good debate! What this report suggests,
though, is getting *most* of the way there — and fast
— looks doable.

The trick is they use the nation’s current fleet of gas

plants and run them way less often for backup power,
providing ~10 percent. of the nation’s electricity in
2035. Another 20 percent comes from existing hydro/
nuclear. And then build lots of wind/solar/batteries to
get the remaining 70 percent.

Past studies have found we need big long-distance

ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
How the Coronavirus Compares With 100 Years
Of Deadly Events
The Times examined how the devastation brought by the
coronavirus pandemic in 25 cities and regions compares with
historical events like hurricanes, heat waves and the flu.
Threat of Military Action Rattles Brazil
As Virus Deaths Surge
The news that as Brazil’s coronavirus crisis intensifies, Presi-
dent Jair Bolsonaro is using the threat of military interven-
tion to protect his grip on power drew readers in Germany,
India and Mexico.
transmission lines to integrate high levels of wind/solar.
This study says, “Not necessarily.” Wind/solar are getting
so cheap you can just put them near existing lines, even
if those often aren’t the sunniest/windiest spots.
The study concludes that a grid like this would be
reliable. And, intriguingly, because the costs of wind/
solar/batteries are falling so rapidly, wholesale electricity
prices would actually be lower in 2035 than today.
Brad Plumer @bradplumer
The report is available to read at 2035report.com.

FOR THE GRADUATE

CARPE DIEM “SEIZE THE DAY” NECKLACE
Quote of the Day “It’s a very tough conversation to have when a soldier turns Designed in sterling silver and 18k gold.
TROOPS SHAKEN BY WAR
TACTICS IN CITY STREETS A1
to me and they’re saying, ‘Hey sir, you know my cousin was Please call 866.598.2784 or Visit Us at
up there yelling at me, that was my neighbor, my best friend M O N I C A R I C H KO S A N N . C O M

from high school.’ ”

FIRST LT. MALIK JENKINS-BEY, an African-American National Guardsman who was the acting
commander of the 273rd Military Police Company during the first days of the protests in Washington.

The Mini Crossword Here to Help

BY JOEL FAGLIANO HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM CREDIT CARD FRAUD
Support
brighter futures.
1 2 3 A few weeks ago, some creep tried to use
my credit card number to buy stuff on
Learn how you can sponsor
Amazon — the second time this happened
4 classroom subscriptions at
to me in a year. I learned two things from
nytimes.com/sponsor.
discussing my experience with fraud
5 experts: Even if you’re careful, your credit
card information will probably be stolen at
6 some point. And we’re mostly on our own
to protect ourselves. Here are some practi-
cal protection tips, and thoughts about
7 broader steps to slow runaway fraud. RAPAPAWN
SHIRA OVIDE
harvest credit card details or other person-
6/11/2020 EDITED BY WILL SHORTZ
Sign up for alerts. Fraud experts say the al information. Instead of clicking on a link
ACROSS
best measure you can take is to sign up for in that email that might (or might not) be
1 Ice cream holder email or phone notifications each time from Target, just don’t. “If we all work in
4 Ice cream holder your card is used for a purchase online or unison, it would be a lot tougher for
5 Ice cream drink over the phone. A barrage of pings is crooks,” said Paul Fabara, Visa’s chief risk
6 Dippin’ ___ (ice cream brand) annoying and doesn’t prevent card theft, officer.
7 “What Would You Do for a but it provides a real-time fraud warning.
Klondike Bar?” spots, e.g. It’s how I caught those two bogus Amazon Report the fraudulent charge. Tell both
charges. your credit card company and the mer-
DOWN
chant where the bogus charge was made
Limit the websites where you save card to prevent the thief from running more
1 Water birds with black plumage information. It’s not foolproof, but the
and white bills stolen credit cards. What about the police?
fewer places where you buy online or save Colin Sims, the chief operating officer of
2 Spanish for “some”
your card numbers, the fewer spots for the fraud-prevention company Forter, said
3 Teacher’s ___
criminals to hack your personal data. that credit card fraud is so prevalent that
4 Chunk of dirt
5 Big Pharma regulator Ragib Hasan, a computer science profes- law enforcement doesn’t usually pursue it.
sor at the University of Alabama at Birm-
ingham, also suggested using PayPal, Accept that companies can’t stop this.
SOLUTION TO Apple Pay, Google Pay or similar options Software does flag some transactions that
F I G
PREVIOUS PUZZLE that generate a temporary account num- seem out of place, but technology is often
L O U S Y behind crooks who are sophisticated at
ber for each transaction.
A W A K E making their charges look legitimate.
G A V I N Be paranoid. Every link in an email or a
too-good-to-be-true deal on an unfamiliar For more tips, sign up for the On Tech newsletter
A P S at nytimes.com/newsletters.
website could be trying to trick you to

Telegram: @WorldAndNews
A4 THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

Tracking an Outbreak
N

Coronavirus Update Where Cases Have Been Reported

As of Wednesday evening, more than 2,004,000 people across every state, plus Washington, D.C., and four U.S. territories, have tested positive for
the coronavirus, according to a New York Times database. More than 112,800 people with the virus have died in the United States.
U.S. Passes 2 Million Mark on Infections
Hot Spots Pop Up in the South and West
O.E.C.D.: World Faces Severe Recession Wash.
25,825
Maine
Mont. 2,637
N.D.
By JAMES BARRON 561 2,944
Vt.
The United States passed another unimaginable milestone on Ore. Minn.
1,095 N.H.
5,097 Idaho 28,900 N.Y.
Wednesday: Two million Americans have been infected with the 5,132 Mass.
3,226 384,945 103,889
coronavirus. The caseload is increasing as restrictions are relaxed S.D. Wis. Mich.
21,756 65,377 R.I.
and states emerge from their stay-at-home spring. 5,604
Wyo. 15,756
The sprint from one million to two million cases took 44 days, 970 Pa. Conn.
less than half of the 99 days it took to go from one case to one mil- Iowa 81,410 44,347
lion. The outbreak has killed more than 112,600 Americans, accord- Nev. Neb. 22,551 Ind. Ohio
N.J.
15,910 39,297 39,575 Del.
ing to a New York Times database. It is continuing to spread, with 10,210
Ill. 165,346 10,056
Utah
cases rising in 21 states. 130,321
12,924 W.Va. D.C. Md.
And at least 15 cases nationally have been linked to the protests Colo.
2,188 Va. 9,537 59,987
28,333
that swept the country after the killing of George Floyd in the cus- Calif. Kan. 52,177
138,215 10,910 Ky.
tody of the Minneapolis police. Among those infected are five mem- Mo.
12,016
15,628
bers of the National Guard and a police officer in Nebraska. N.C.
The new hot spots are away from the Northeast, where the Tenn.
38,181
Okla. 28,379
pandemic raged in its early stages. New York reported 53 virus- Ariz.
N.M. 7,481 Ark.
related deaths on Wednesday and 70 on Tuesday, down from a high 29,897
10,368 S.C.
9,105
of 1,055 on April 7. 15,759
Now many of the hot spots are in the West and South. Arizona Miss.
has had more than 8,200 cases since June 2, with more than 1,000 on 18,483 Ala. Ga.
La. 21,989 51,465
five days. Roughly half of the state’s 28,000 cases are in Maricopa Texas 44,143
County, which includes Phoenix. Over 4,000 of them were added last 79,660
month, and one of Arizona’s largest health systems, Banner Health, Fla.
Alaska 67,363
said that the “steady climb” of virus cases was “concerning to us.” 642
The number of patients on ventilators has quadrupled since May 15,
Banner Health said on Twitter. Puerto Rico
Hawaii
Cases in Alaska, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina and South 670
5,329
Carolina have jumped more than 40 percent in the past week. In
Alaska, where cases were on the decline in May, recent outbreaks
have been reported among seafood workers and ferry crew mem-
bers. On Tuesday, the state reported its first coronavirus death in Note: The map shows the known locations of coronavirus cases by county. Circles are sized by the number of people there who have tested positive, which may
more than a month. differ from where they contracted the illness. Some people who traveled overseas were taken for treatment in California, Nebraska and Texas. Puerto Rico is
the only affected U.S. territory shown. Sources: State and local health agencies; hospitals; C.D.C. Data is as of June 10, 2020, at 5 p.m., Eastern. THE NEW YORK TIMES
In South Carolina, 22 percent of the state’s 15,000 coronavirus
cases have been reported since June 1. And Texas, which began
reopening sooner than most other states, has had more than 1,000
new cases every day since May 26, with the exception of June 7.
“I’m concerned, but not yet alarmed,” Gov. Greg Abbott told KTVT- COVID DIARY
TV in Dallas.

Second-Guessing in Britain Syrian Pharmacist Shares Battles With New Enemy

Did governments move fast enough in the early days of the
pandemic? A study indicated that Britain, where more than 40,000 An activist who has supported the
have died, might have missed a chance to slow the spread. democracy protests against Syria’s
The study, by researchers at the University of Edinburgh and
authoritarian president since they
began nine years ago knows a
Oxford University, analyzed the genetic origins of virus samples.
thing or two about battling adver-
The results suggested that Britain would have had more success in sity. But Hosam al-Ali, 35, is more
tamping down the virus if it had advised against all nonessential than a little worried about his new
travel (Britain had recommended against travel only to mainland adversary: the coronavirus.
China, where the virus originated). According to the study, only “a A pharmacist in Idlib, the last
tiny fraction” of the first virus cases in Britain came directly from province still in the hands of Syrian
China, while a vast majority came from Europe. opposition groups, Mr. al-Ali vol-
Now, Britain is in the process of easing its lockdown restrictions. unteered to be the main virus-re-
On Wednesday, Prime Minister Boris Johnson said that single-adult sponse coordinator in his region.
households could form a “support bubble,” allowing them to visit An estimated 3.5 million people
one other household without practicing social distancing. “We’re are crammed into the northern
making this change to support those who are particularly lonely,” he half of the province, at least half of
said. them displaced, many in makeshift
homes and tents. The lack of basic
services, aid groups warn, makes
New Coronavirus Cases Announced Daily in U.S. Idlib particularly vulnerable to the
As of Wednesday evening, more than 2,004,000 people across every virus.
state, plus Washington, D.C., and four U.S. territories, have tested As he set to work, Mr. al-Ali be-
positive for the virus, according to a New York Times database. gan keeping an audio diary, which
he shared day by day with Carlotta
Gall, the Istanbul bureau chief for
30,000 The New York Times. His entries
have been condensed, and edited
for clarity.
New cases
APRIL 1, 2020
20,000
The False Alarm
7-day
average Today there was an announce-
ment from the Minister of Health
10,000
of the temporary government. We
had concerns about 20 patients,
and the results were negative.
Thanks be to God.
March 1 June 10 APRIL 3
Note: Wednesday’s total is incomplete because some states report cases
A Day ‘Off’
after press time. Data is as of June 10, 2020, at 5 p.m., Eastern.
Sources: State and local health agencies; hospitals; C.D.C. THE NEW YORK TIMES It was a holiday, and a day off for
me.
Like most Syrians who, on Fri-
Grim News From the Fed day, wake up and buy breakfast
outside, I went to the center of Al-
The Federal Reserve left interest rates near zero. That was the
Atareb, which is very close to the
good news, if it can be called that. The bad news was that the Fed front line and badly destroyed.
predicted that reversing the recession brought on by the pandemic There was only one breakfast
would take a while. The Fed said the pandemic would “weigh heav- shop open. It was very crowded
ily” on spending, employment and inflation in the near term, and and I had to wait.
would pose “considerable risks to the economic outlook over the I returned home to my wife and
medium term.” kids, and then I was fixing up solar
Fed officials indicated that they expected 2020 to end with the panels and a battery. It was a very
unemployment rate at 9.3 percent. Economic output is expected to normal day.
be 6.5 percent lower at the end of this year than it was in the final Of course, I have coronavirus
quarter of 2019. work, but I did this from home.
The Fed’s forecast was not the only gloomy one issued on There were a lot of communica-
Wednesday. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Devel- tions, because I am on several
opment warned that the world economy is facing the most severe WhatsApp chat groups.
recession in a century. The organization, representing 37 of the The most important thing is
training and social awareness,
world’s leading economies, said the world was walking on an eco-
and how people should stay at
nomic “tightrope,” with lockdowns ending before the development of home for safety. But society is dis-
a vaccine and worries rising about new waves of infection. regarding that — that is the big-
Those concerns colored the group’s predictions: The global gest problem we are facing.
economy will contract by 6 percent this year if the world avoids a Today they decided to cancel
second wave. If not, world economic output will fall by 7.6 percent. one of the new quarantine camps
The organization’s secretary general, Ángel Gurría, said the world and make it a center for burning
was facing “probably the most uncertain and dramatic outlook” in medical waste.
the group’s 59-year history. I have to prepare a lecture for
But there was a positive note: The organization said the global midwife students at a university
in Azaz on pharmacology. I have
economy would rebound by 2.8 percent next year.
been teaching there for the last
Financial help was a topic in Washington and Paris. Treasury
two years, but the whole univer-
Secretary Steven Mnuchin told the Senate’s small-business commit-
sity is going online because of the
tee that the next round of stimulus legislation should be targeted to
virus.
the hardest hit segments of the economy. But companies have ap-
parently become reluctant to borrow from the Paycheck Protection
APRIL 4
Program. Some $130 billion in small-business aid still has not been The Patient
used.
We went to the Directorate of
In Paris, the French government added 460 euros (about $523
Health today and were trained on
billion) in emergency economic support. About 4 percent will go for
how to take a sample from a per-
tourism, 3.2 percent to the aviation industry and 1.7 percent to auto- son suspected of being infected.
mobile manufacturers. Then they brought us a patient.
He had a high temperature, and
was ill with flulike symptoms. Of
Coronavirus Update wraps up the day’s developments with infor- course, this patient had been one
mation from across the virus report. week under quarantine at home,
Taking a temperature, top, at a camp for displaced people in Idlib
Province in Syria. Hosam al-Ali, a Syrian pharmacist, above,
volunteered to prepare for the arrival of the coronavirus there.
not in a health center, and he came
in for the test. The trainer carried
it out.
APRIL 5
A Day of Pain
Today I conducted training for the
White Helmets [a Syrian civil de-
fense group].
There were two teams, each
with 10 people. We did two ses-
sions to avoid crowding.
The next morning, I woke at 5
a.m., and we modified slides for
the lecture. The slides outline the
criteria for sending people to
health facilities. They also tell
people how to handle dead bodies.
The trainees from the White
Helmets are very interested.
Their motto, I learned, is from the
Quran: “Whoever saves the life of
one, it is as if he saves the life of all
mankind.”
The whole day my mood was
very bad, because my tooth infec-
tion had moved from my mouth to
my eye, and it was very painful. I
started to look like a teddy bear.
So I finished my training early
and went to Ad Dana, a village 15
kilometers away from my house
where a dentist treated the infec-
tion. I cried from the pain.
The dentist gave me some
medicine, I went back home, ate a
little bit and then went to sleep.
See you soon, or maybe not.
APRIL 8
The White Helmets
Yesterday we trained 20 people.
The day before, also. We reached
GHAITH ALSAYED/ASSOCIATED PRESS
ABU NEMR
62 trainees in three days, all White
Helmets. Afterward, we posted
the training material to the
WhatsApp group.
The White Helmets will be re-
sponsible for burying the bodies.
This requires special procedures,
and then the car needs to be steril-
ized after the burial. That is what I
spoke about.
I also gave a lecture to students
of the Institute for Midwives and
the Institute of Pediatric Nurses.
It was a good lecture, but a little
bit harder than an in-person one. I
could not understand the body
language of the students. I tried
shouting and repeating again and
again.
Then I took my family out for 10
minutes outside. We drank coffee
and the children drank juice and
then we returned home.
God willing, Monday we will do
another training session.
APRIL 12
The Search for a Ventilator
Today I had a planning meeting on
Zoom. Everyone had good ideas.
Everyone would like to work. But
in the end, the main problems are
weakness of coordination and lack
of financial means. It is because of
that we are moving forward very,
very slowly.
Yesterday a friend called me.
He was looking for an incubator
for his new born baby.
I found an incubator, but actu-
ally he needed a ventilator.
After we understood that we
started looking for a ventilator,
but unfortunately we could not
find one. All the hospital ventila-
tors were busy — and still we don’t
have a single coronavirus case.
If that is happening, it means
the medical capacity is very poor.
Today I felt depressed: I heard
the baby died.
APRIL 23
Before. And After.
Last week we trained a lot of
teams on how to run a quarantine
center. We found acceptance from
a lot of organizations, and these
organizations have some money
which they could put toward this.
We divided the session into two
parts: Before the virus appears in
our area, and after.
In the first part it is about health
awareness.
We will supply soap and clean
water in the market and two tents
for the center: one for isolation,
and one for testing.
After it is here, there will be
more serious coordination with
the White Helmets, the local coun-
cil and civil society organizations.
The situation of the health au-
thority is very, very bad. The
Health Directorate laid off some
employees and gave others un-
paid leave because of the financial
situation.
Soon, Ramadan is coming and
the market will be crowded.
But I think the sickness will not
spread too much in our area if we
apply the plan.
Happy Ramadan — and I hope
this year will be good for all the
world.
MAY 3
Tents and Thermometers
Greetings.
It is really hard with Ramadan.
The Kafr Karmin quarantine
center has begun its work. This
center is receiving people who are
coming from Turkey. The border
authorities are taking them to the
center and isolating them for 14
days.
I also have a bad situation at
home. My wife started crying.
Our fridge is not working and
every day I say I will get a new one
or fix it and I did not do it. And
some of the windows are broken
and I did not fix them. I am really
busy, and when I am busy I forget.
MAY 5
Pressure on All Fronts
There is something very impor-
tant going on these days. It is not
about coronavirus.
It is about the people.
They are in a very difficult situ-
ation. Everything is super-expen-
sive now. The dollar is rising and
the Syrian pound is on the floor.
The rate of one dollar is 1,500 Syr-
ian pounds.
People are going crazy. God
help the people with Ramadan, co-
ronavirus and high prices. God
help the people.
•
Update: As of this week, Idlib has
had no reported cases of infection.
Saad al-Nassife contributed re-
porting from Gaziantep, Turkey.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N A5

Tracking an Outbreak The Economy

RETURNING TO WORK

Ailing Nations Push to Reopen, Accepting More Illness as the Price to Pay
By JEFFREY GETTLEMAN
NEW DELHI — At Nigambodh
Ghat, the oldest cremation
grounds in India’s capital, the bod-
ies keep coming.
One ambulance arrives with
five inside. Then another. Then
another, in an endless display of
death.
As the coronavirus pandemic
surges in New Delhi, a public
health care system that was al-
ready strained might be reaching
its breaking point. People can’t get
tested. They can’t find a hospital
bed. The situation has become so
grim that government officials
have proposed commandeering
some of New Delhi’s fanciest ho-
tels to turn into hospitals.
But ready or not, much of In-
dia’s coronavirus lockdown has
ended, as have those in other
countries struggling to balance
economic damage with coro-
navirus risk. In many places — In-
dia, Mexico, Russia, Iran and Pa-
kistan, among others — leaders
have come to feel they have no
choice but to take the surge of
cases on the chin and prioritize
the economy.
Some of these leaders, espe-
cially those in the developing
world, said they couldn’t sustain
the punishing lockdowns without
risking economic catastrophe, es-
pecially for their poorest citizens.
So the thinking has shifted, from
commanding people to stay in-
doors and avoid the virus and
other people at all costs, to now
openly accepting some illness and
death to try to limit the damage to
livelihoods and to individual lives.
A glimpse from the streets, re-
ported by correspondents in coun-
tries especially hard hit, reveals a
sharp rise in person-to-person
contact in recent days — precisely
at the time that the World Health
Organization is warning that in-
fections from this highly conta-
gious disease are roaring toward a
new peak.
India is now producing more
Reporting was contributed by
Shalini Venugopal and Hari Ku-
mar from New Delhi; Andrew Hig-
gins from Moscow; Salman Ma-
sood from Islamabad, Pakistan;
Brent McDonald from Mexico
City; and Farnaz Fassihi from
New York.
new daily infections, around
10,000, than all but two countries,
the United States and Brazil.
“It’s a bit of a mess,” said In-
drani Gupta, a health economist in
New Delhi. “Our economy is so de-
pendent on labor, millions would
have lost their livelihoods and
their lives if this lockdown went on
for months and months.”
But, she added, the lockdown
began too soon.
“We got it in reverse,” she said.
“We shut down too quickly and it
was too draconian. And I don’t
think now is the time to ease up.”
In Russia, politics may be play-
ing a role in the push to reopen.
This week, Moscow’s mayor
lifted many of the restrictions in
place since March 30, surprising
some infectious disease experts
who pointed to still high-infection
rates. Political analysts said one
reason for the abrupt reopening
was to pave the way for high turn-
out at a July 1 referendum that
could amend the country’s Consti-
tution to allow President Vladimir
V. Putin to remain in power until
2036.
Officials had delayed the refer-
endum, originally scheduled for
April, because of the lockdowns.
On Tuesday, grateful Mus-
covites spilled out of their apart-
ments for walks in the sunshine.
Authorities canceled a system of
electronic passes for all trips out-
side the home other than to phar-
macies and grocery stores.
“We managed to avoid a catas-
trophe,” declared Sergei
Sobyanin, Moscow’s mayor, in a
video blog. Now, he said, the city
was “starting to defeat the coro-
navirus.”
The raw data isn’t quite as rosy.
Russia’s number of new infections
has hovered around 8,000 to 9,000
each day — far different, than say
Italy, where the daily infections
have plummeted to a few hundred
now from more than 6,000 in
March.
Many leaders are taking this
same tone. In Mexico, President
Andrés Manuel López Obrador
ended the country’s quarantine,
despite the continued rise in
Covid-19 cases, and kicked off the
reopening in early June with a
tour of the country.
“We have to head toward the
new normality because the na-
tional economy and the well-being
Testing for Covid-19 in Mexico City. Mexico is reopening even as cases rise. “The national economy
and the well-being of the people depends on it,” President Andrés Manuel López Obrador said.
of the people depends on it,” he
said, during a stop in Cancún.
Unlike some other nations,
Mexico has not offered the sort of
large stimulus package to bolster
its economy, which may be why its
cushion against the economic
pain of a strict lockdown was so
thin. Mexico’s government has
consistently downplayed the se-
verity of the disease though it has
conducted, per capita, by far the
least amount of testing among the
dozens of countries in the Organi-
zation for Economic Cooperation
and Development.
In Mexico City, hospitals and
morgues are saturated. So are the
crematories. Some people have
defied protocols to bury loved
ones in secret, at packed funerals.
Mexican doctors fear the worst is
yet to come.
“We are still in the first steps of
this pandemic, unfortunately,”
PEDRO PARDO/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
said Dr. Alejandro Macías, an in-
fectious disease expert. “The per-
ception is that we are much fur-
ther along than where we really
are.”
Pakistan may soon be over-
whelmed, but it has relaxed re-
strictions as well. Outside the cit-
ies, almost no one is wearing a
mask or making attempts to so-
cially distance. In Lahore, the
windy alleyways of the old city are
crammed with people. In the past
week, Pakistan’s infections have
nearly doubled, but there’s no way
to gauge how prevalent Covid-19
really is because testing has been
so scarce.
Pakistan’s prime minister, Im-
ran Khan, a millionaire former
cricket star who campaigns as a
populist, has called lockdowns
elitist, implying that only rich peo-
ple could afford to be sealed up in
their homes.
“We sought a total lockdown
without thinking about the conse-
quences for the daily wage earn-
ers, the street vendors, the labor-
ers, all of whom face poverty and
hunger,” he wrote on Twitter.
“May God forgive us our sin.”
Iran, next door, became one of
the most alarming centers of the
pandemic early on, but thought it
had seen the worst. In early May,
it decided to open up the country
from a brief three-week lockdown
in an attempt to salvage its econ-
omy, which was already suffering
under international sanctions and
huge budget deficits. Iran’s lead-
ers said the coronavirus pan-
demic was a reality that Iranians
had to learn to live with.
Health experts warned that
opening the country too soon
without meeting any benchmarks
— such as a sustained drop in the
number of new infections —
risked a second surge.
Now, a month later, that second
surge has arrived. On June 4, Iran
reported 3,574 new infections in
one day, the highest number of
new cases since the pandemic be-
gan.
Health officials in Iran have
blamed the spike on people not ob-
serving social distancing, not
wearing masks and the govern-
ment opening up too soon.
Iranians by and large have been
going about their daily routine ac-
tivities shedding their earlier
fears of the virus. As in other
countries, road traffic is back,
shops and businesses have
opened and employees of private
and government sectors have re-
turned to work.
President Hassan Rouhani con-
tinued to insist that the economy
must remain open because Iran
“did not have a second option.”
In India, many people are anx-
ious that however bad things are
right now, they will soon get even
worse. New Delhi and Mumbai,
the two biggest cities, are over-
loaded with infections and experts
said that the peak is still several
weeks away.
As Vikas Khairwar stacked the
firewood for his father’s pyre at
Nigambodh Ghat, the revered cre-
mation grounds in New Delhi, he
spoke bitterly about his family’s
experience with the public health
care system.
After his father tested positive
for coronavirus, Mr. Khairwar
said that he begged for him to be
put on a ventilator but the hospital
didn’t have any available. His fa-
ther died the next day.
The family then had to wait 24
hours for the body because an ele-
vator in the hospital broke down.
Mr. Khairwar, an accountant who
just lost his job, wants to get his
whole family tested, to see if they
have been infected. But govern-
ment hospitals refused to help
him, he said, and he can’t afford to
go to a private lab.
“The government help lines are
useless,” he said. “They keep re-
directing us to different numbers
that don’t work.”
He was visibly angry as he fin-
ished preparing his father’s pyre.
A few minutes later, Mr. Khair-
war stood in front of a fire, a half
dozen others burning brightly
around him.

THE RECOVERY

Fed Chair Sees Years of Economic Woes

From Page A1
into the millions,” Mr. Powell said,
referring to workers “who don’t
get to go back to their old job, and,
in fact, there may not be a job in
that industry for them for some
time.”
The Fed will do “whatever we
can, and for as long as it takes,” to
support the recovery, he said, in-
cluding buying large quantities of
bonds and leaving interest rates
near zero for a long time. His cen-
tral bank colleagues projected no
increase to borrowing costs
through at least 2022, and Mr.
Powell said the Fed was “not even
thinking about thinking about PATRICK SEMANSKY/ASSOCIATED PRESS

raising rates.”
Even Mr. Trump’s Treasury sec-
retary, Steven Mnuchin, sug-
gested on Wednesday that a re-
bound was not likely to be fast or
even, particularly for hard-hit in-
dustries such as travel, leisure
and hospitality.
Mr. Mnuchin, at a hearing be-
fore the Senate’s small-business
committee, said that some parts of
the economy had sustained “sig-
nificant damage” and that policy-
makers should spend the next 30
days developing a targeted ap-
proach to providing financial re-
lief for struggling sectors.
“I definitely think we are going
to need another bipartisan legisla-
tion to put more money into the
economy,” Mr. Mnuchin said.
Fed officials indicated Wednes-
day that they expected the unem-
ployment rate to remain elevated
for years, coming in at 5.5 percent
in 2022. Unemployment stood at a
half-century low of 3.5 percent as
recently as February, but rock-
eted to 14.7 percent in April before
easing to 13.3 percent in May.
They left rates unchanged and
suggested that rates would re-
main near zero for the foreseeable
future in their first set of economic
forecasts of 2020, which painted a
sober picture of the path back to
prosperity.
While Mr. Powell spoke hope-
fully about the May jobs report,
which showed an earlier-than-ex-
pected start to rehiring, he said it
was also “clear evidence of just
how uncertain things are, and how
humble we need to be about our
ability to have confident predic-
tions.”
“The projections highlight what
a long slog the recovery will be,”
Steven Friedman, senior mac-
roeconomist at the investment
management company MacKay
Shields, said in a post-meeting
note.
The Federal Reserve depicted a different economic path from the
quick recovery that President Trump has suggested is underway.
Fed policymaker projections —
which offer a range of individual
forecasts, rather than an agreed-
upon consensus view — also
showed a sharp overall economic
hit in 2020.
Output is expected to contract
by 6.5 percent at the end of this
year, compared with the final
quarter of 2019, before rebound-
ing by 5 percent in 2021. The Fed
had skipped its quarterly eco-
nomic summary in March as the
pandemic gripped the United
States, sowing uncertainty as
business activity came to a near
standstill.
The central bank’s projections
followed a series of pessimistic
economic prognostications. Earli-
er on Wednesday, the Organiza-
tion for Economic Cooperation
and Development warned that the
world economy faced the most se-
vere downturn in a century and
could experience a halting re-
bound.
“Extraordinary policies will be
needed to walk the tightrope to-
wards recovery,” said Laurence
Boone, the organization’s chief
economist. The group said the
world economy will contract by 6
percent this year, if the virus is
contained, but could shrink 7.6
percent amid a second wave of
contagion. In the United States, it
projected a 7.3 percent hit if the vi-
rus is contained and an 8.5 per-
cent contraction if it isn’t.
The Fed has taken far-reaching
steps this year to support the U.S.
economy. Officials cut interest
rates to near zero in back-to-back
meetings in March. The central
bank has been snapping up gov-
ernment-backed bonds to keep
markets functioning normally,
and has rolled out a series of emer-
gency credit programs aimed at
ensuring that businesses and
state and local governments can
borrow money.
In addition to keeping borrow-
ing costs low, the Fed pledged on
Wednesday to continue buying
government-backed debt “at least
at the current pace” to sustain
smooth market functioning,
though it will “closely monitor de-
velopments” and is prepared to
adjust those plans “as appropri-
ate.”
Mr. Powell has emerged as a
voice of economic wariness since on top of the world
the pandemic took hold. He has
warned that both monetary and edmund davenport
fiscal policy must stand ready to
do more to make sure the pan- American illustrator. Inspiring
demic does not permanently scar subject. Post cover. This original
the economy.
The Fed chair reiterated on
oil painting by the great American
Wednesday that the extent of the illustrator Edmund Davenport
downturn and pace of the recov- celebrates a young woman’s college
ery remained “extraordinarily un- graduation – a rare accomplishment
certain.” The severity will depend for the era. Made for the cover of
on policy actions taken at “all lev- the Saturday Evening Post in 1925,
els of government,” Mr. Powell
said. the work perfectly captures the
“Somewhere short of 25 million graduate’s pride and readiness to
people have been displaced,” he take on the world. Signed (lower
said. “What we’re trying to do is right). Canvas: 381/4”h x 291/4”w;
create an environment in which Frame: 45”h x 35”w. #31-1368
they have the best chance either
to go back to their old job or to get
a new job. That’s kind of the most
important part of this exercise.”
While Congress’s efforts have
been “large, forceful and very
quick,” Mr. Powell said, questions
remain over whether the policy
response so far will be enough to
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A6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Tracking an Outbreak Capitol Hill
THE PEOPLE’S WORK
Despite Growth in Cases, Easily Distracted Washington Moves On
By SHERYL GAY STOLBERG
and NOAH WEILAND
WASHINGTON — Coronavirus
infections were spiking in 21
states on Wednesday, and cases in
the United States topped two mil-
lion — but Washington had other
business.
On Capitol Hill, lawmakers in
both parties were examining po-
lice brutality. The Senate health
committee was grappling with
getting children back to school.
President Trump, who halted
daily virus briefings more than a
month ago, was speaking up for
the names of Confederate gener-
als adorning military bases and
announcing a resumption of cam-
paign rallies, some in virus hot
spots. And Treasury Secretary
Steven Mnuchin was spotted at a
popular Georgetown cafe Tues-
day night.
The coronavirus may not be
done with the nation, but the na-
tion’s capital appears to be done
with the coronavirus.
As the pandemic’s grim num-
bers continue to climb — more
than 112,000 dead as of Wednes-
day and warnings from Arizona
that its hospitals could be full by
next month — Mr. Trump and law-
makers in both parties are exhib-
iting a short attention span.
“They have made a conscious
decision that we are moving on,”
said Dr. Howard Markel, a profes-
sor of the history of medicine at
the University of Michigan who
helped shape federal social dis-
tancing policy during the George
W. Bush administration. He
mourned the shrinking public pro-
file of Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the na-
tion’s top infectious disease ex-
pert.
“The government is blessed
with one of the best experts in the
world and neither side is listen-
ing,” he said. “What’s wrong with
that picture?”
Dr. Fauci, who had been a
steady presence (and occasional
thorn in Mr. Trump’s side) on tele-
vision during the president’s daily
briefings, made a brief re-
appearance on Wednesday. He
warned on the ABC program
“Good Morning America” that
protests over the killing of George
Floyd in police custody could ex-
acerbate the pandemic — even
though many demonstrators were
wearing masks.
“Masks can help, but it’s masks
plus physical separation and
when you get congregations like
we saw with the demonstrations,
like we have said — myself and
other health officials — that’s tak-
ing a risk,” Dr. Fauci said.
But there seems to be a tacit
agreement between the parties:
Democrats have largely stopped
harping on social distancing,
while Mr. Trump plans to resume
his political rallies — first in Okla-
homa, Florida, Arizona and North
Carolina — and Republicans re-
frain from shaming protesters
over shedding pandemic precau-
tions.
EDUCATION
Leaders of Pandemic-Stricken Schools Tell Senate They Need Help to Reopen
By ERICA L. GREEN
WASHINGTON — Without a
large federal investment in the na-
tion’s public school system, dis-
tricts hit hard by the coronavirus
will struggle to meet the needs of
their pupils this fall as they try to
reopen their doors, educators told
a Senate panel on Wednesday.
In testimony before the Senate
Health, Education, Labor and
Pensions Committee, education
leaders from around the country
said budget challenges were
among their chief concerns as
they drafted plans to resume in-
person classes. That is particu-
larly true for students who have
borne the brunt of the economic,
educational and racial injustices
that have been exacerbated by the
pandemic.
Across the country, school lead-
ers are beginning to roll out plans
to welcome more than 50 million
students back, which include
procuring 50 million masks; flood-
ing schools with nurses, aides and
counselors; and staggering
schedules to minimize class size.
But the high-dollar demands to
meet public health guidelines and
make up for setbacks that have
disproportionately affected low-
income students, students of color
and those with disabilities could
cripple their budgets.
“At a time when our kids and
our communities need us most,
we are having to make massive
cuts,” Susana Cordova, the super-
intendent of Denver Public
Schools, told senators. Additional
funding would be essential, she
said: “We must double down for
those who have been most im-
pacted by the Covid crisis if we are
to deliver on the promise of educa-
tion to create a more equitable so-
ciety.”
Ms. Cordova said that her dis-
trict was facing a $61 million budg-
The bully pulpit has gone silent.
“There isn’t a daily information
flow around Covid-19, and so in the
absence of that, everybody’s theo-
ries about what to do next are
competing with one another,” said
Rory Cooper, a Republican strat-
egist. “There’s no voice of author-
ity that’s saying: ‘This is OK. This
is not OK.’ ”
Inside the White House, Mr.
Trump has attended significantly
fewer meetings and briefings with
the coronavirus task force, ac-
cording to senior administration
officials, and has begun plotting
his return to the campaign trail,
even as cases are spiking in key
swing states. Of the four states
where the president announced
rallies, three — Florida, Arizona
and North Carolina — are seeing
rising caseloads, while Okla-
homa’s infection numbers are
steady but not falling.
et shortfall, and that the federal
relief funding that had flowed to
her state so far would not be
enough to balance the district’s
budget. She said the Denver pub-
lic school system expected to open
in the fall and offer both remote
and in-person courses as well as
additional instruction for students
with disabilities, English-lan-
guage learners and students at
risk for not graduating.
Education advocacy groups
have warned in recent weeks of
dire circumstances as they lobby
for more funding. In the stimulus
bill passed by Congress in March,
about $13.5 billion went to the na-
tion’s primary and secondary
schools. But dozens of groups say
they need at least $200 billion
more. A House bill last month con-
tained an additional $58 billion for
K-12 schools, but it has been ig-
nored by Senate Republicans.
AASA, The School Superintend-
ents Association, has estimated
that districts would incur nearly
$1.8 million in costs to meet fed-
eral health guidelines, from $640
for no-touch thermometers to
$448,000 for additional custodial
staff; that is just for an average
school district of about 3,700 stu-
dents. The American Federation
of Teachers on Wednesday re-
leased a cost analysis estimating
that schools would need $116.5 bil-
lion for instructional staff, dis-
tance learning, before- and after-
school care and transportation.
In another report released
Wednesday, the National Educa-
tion Association estimated that
without federal relief, the educa-
tion system would lose 1.9 million
education jobs. The American
Federation of Teachers said budg-
et cuts had already cost local pub-
lic education systems more than
750,000 jobs, twice what they lost
during the recession of 2008.
DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
For a third consecutive day this
week, Texas set a record for hospi-
talizations, which have increased
42 percent in the state since Me-
morial Day.
Dr. Scott Gottlieb, an outside ad-
viser to the White House who
served as the commissioner of
food and drugs under Mr. Trump,
cited modeling from the invest-
ment house Morgan Stanley that
forecast a doubling in the number
of infections over the next 60 days.
In an interview, he predicted a
“slow burn through the summer,
where maybe 20,000 cases a day
diagnoses is the new normal.”
Despite that, the coronavirus
task force has met less frequently
and in less focused ways in recent
weeks, senior administration offi-
cials said. On Tuesday, the 90-
minute meeting ranged from new
cases in North Carolina to an up-
date on vaccines from Alex M.
About $13.5 billion in stimulus money went to schools, but critics say $200 billion more is needed.
John B. King Jr., the former edu-
cation secretary and current pres-
ident of The Education Trust, told
the Senate committee on Wednes-
day that there was a “degree of pa-
ralysis” among districts as they
faced state budget cuts of up to 20
percent.
“Districts are in a sense stuck
waiting to see if Congress will help
states,” he said. “Even as people
are doing their scenario planning,
they are hampered in that work
because of fear of cuts.”
Penny Schwinn, Tennessee’s
education commissioner, said ac-
cess to technology during the pan-
demic was a pressing concern in
her state.
“This is no longer a ‘nice to
As racial justice protests continued, health experts like Dr. An-
thony S. Fauci, the nation’s top infectious disease expert, left with
Dr. Deborah Birx, the White House coronavirus response co-
ordinator, warned that they could exacerbate the pandemic.
Azar II, the health and human
services secretary, to the possible
public health consequences of the
protests over Mr. Floyd’s death,
one official said.
Around the same time, Mark
Meadows, the Republican former
congressman from North Car-
olina who is now Mr. Trump’s chief
of staff, visited Capitol Hill with
Jared Kushner, the president’s
senior adviser and son-in-law, and
he joked with reporters about
their facial coverings as they
walked through a Senate office
building with him.
“You guys with all your masks,
you look very different than you
used to,” he said, not wearing one
himself.
“We’re just trying not to die,” re-
plied Jake Sherman, a reporter for
Politico.
Dr. Deborah L. Birx still coordi-
nates the task force from her of-
fice in the West Wing, regularly
updates senior staff members and
still meets often with Vice Presi-
dent Mike Pence, according to one
official. Mr. Pence met Wednes-
day with Trump campaign work-
ers, who posed for a photo, hud-
dling together, thumbs up, their
faces bare.
And Adm. Brett P. Giroir, who
has been the administration’s
point person overseeing coro-
navirus testing, told colleagues in
an email that he was resuming his
have,’” she said of technology for
distance learning. “For many, it is
a necessity for a free and appro-
priate public education.”
Senator Lisa Murkowski, Re-
publican of Alaska, said she
wanted to explore legislation that
would help students without ac-
cess to broadband.
“With the schools coming on in
August, no answer in sight for so
many, I’m just not sure how you
make it happen,” she said. “It
looks good on paper, but if you ha-
ven’t connected, these kids are left
out.”
Senator Patty Murray of Wash-
ington, the ranking Democrat on
the committee, said the education
system needed “a massive invest-
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
regular duties as the assistant
secretary for health.
“While I remain committed to
the fight against Covid-19, and will
spend a portion of my time in di-
rect support of the pandemic re-
sponse,” he wrote, “I feel person-
ally compelled to continue our of-
fice’s leadership in childhood vac-
cination, combating substance
misuse, ending the H.I.V. epi-
Incorporating the
pandemic into
everyday life.
demic in America, and improving
the lives of all living with sickle
cell disease.”
For nearly two weeks now, the
nation has been convulsed by the
twin crises of the coronavirus and
the civil unrest that followed the
death of Mr. Floyd, a black man
who gasped for air with his neck
under the knee of a police officer.
Congress continues to address the
coronavirus crisis — in addition to
Wednesday’s health committee
hearing, Mr. Mnuchin appeared
before the Senate Small Business
Committee, where he defended
the administration’s decision to
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
ment in our schools right now” to
prevent further inequities, and
Congress “should have begun ne-
gotiations on this and countless
other Covid-19 priorities weeks
ago.”
But Senator Lamar Alexander
of Tennessee, the committee’s
chairman, said the senators
should examine how existing
funding and laws were being max-
imized. He said that the hearing
emphasized “that it would be hard
to think of anything we could do to
both help the country move back
toward normalcy, and to help mi-
nority children and children who
are disadvantaged, than to help
them get back to school safely.”
Looming large over the hearing
reopen the economy.
But the big news on Capitol Hill
on Wednesday was the testimony
of Mr. Floyd’s brother, Philonise
Floyd, before the House Judiciary
Committee. “I’m here to ask you to
make it stop,” he said.
Senator Lamar Alexander of
Tennessee, the chairman of the
Committee on Health, Education,
Labor and Pensions, convened a
virtual hearing Wednesday on
how to overcome obstacles — like
creating social distance and a
“mask-wearing culture” — to get-
ting children back to school.
The headline on the news re-
lease announcing the session
summed up his sentiment. “Alex-
ander: 56 Million Students Going
Back to School This Fall Will Be
Surest Step Toward Normalcy.”
In one sense, the shifting em-
phasis is a sign that the nation is
no longer on a war footing but has
come to accept that the coro-
navirus pandemic is not going
away anytime soon and must be
incorporated into Americans’
daily lives. Politicians and health
officials are now simply trying to
minimize its impact, knowing that
Americans are going to continue
to get sick and die.
“We are in a phase where it’s
about risk mitigation, rather than
risk prevention,” said Jennifer
Nuzzo, a senior scholar at the
Johns Hopkins University Center
for Health Security.
With the November election
looming, politicians including Mr.
Trump will have little appetite for
reviving shutdown orders or an-
other mass quarantine. “It’s going
to be very hard for these gover-
nors and these mayors to go back-
ward,” Dr. Gottlieb said Wednes-
day on CNBC, while Dr. Fauci
warned that even as states re-
open, Americans must still “prac-
tice a degree of caution.”
That warning, though, did not
seem to transmit to Mr. Mnuchin,
who was spotted drinking wine
with Senator Michael D. Crapo,
Republican of Idaho, at one of the
Treasury secretary’s favorite
haunts, Cafe Milano in George-
town, a hot spot for Trump admin-
istration officials before the pan-
demic.
A spokeswoman for the restau-
rant insisted that Mr. Mnuchin
was seated on an outdoor patio
and not, as a photograph sug-
gested, in the restaurant’s indoor
seating area, which would have
been in violation of restrictions
imposed by Mayor Muriel E.
Bowser of Washington. Mr.
Mnuchin, for his part, said during
the Senate hearing that he was
happy to be dining out again, and
seemed to acknowledge that he
was inside.
“Let me just give a pitch on in-
door seating, OK? I’m happy that
in D.C., they’ve now allowed
restaurants open. I tried to sup-
port restaurants,” he told lawmak-
ers, adding, “This distinction be-
tween indoor and outdoor seems a
bit random, and I don’t know what
people would do when it rains.”
on Wednesday was George Floyd,
whose death in police custody in
Minnesota has caused a reckon-
ing with institutional racism in the
nation. Mr. Floyd’s name and the
protests after his killing were in-
voked repeatedly during the hear-
ing as a call to action.
Matthew Blomstedt, Nebras-
ka’s commissioner of education,
said he was mourning Mr. Floyd
“and every other black life lost be-
cause we allowed inequities to
permeate our society for far too
long.”
He called the pandemic “an in-
flection point for the challenges
that my state and this country
face. This crisis had laid bare the
persistent inequities of our educa-
tion system and of every system
and sector across the country,
from health care and justice.”
Mr. Floyd died after gasping for
air under the knee of a Minneapo-
lis police officer. Senator Tina
Smith, Democrat of Minnesota,
said his death “reveals a systemic
racism and inequity throughout
our society,” including in Minneso-
ta’s schools.
She cited grim statistics illus-
trating segregation among the
state’s schools and its 30-point
achievement gap between black
and white students.
Senators had a “moral responsi-
bility to not look away from this,
but to grapple with it and deal with
it really directly,” she said.
“This is my great worry,” Ms.
Smith said. “In a moment when
we should be investing, we’re go-
ing to be seeing cuts because Con-
gress apparently feels no urgency
in addressing this issue as schools
are trying to get ready for what is
arguably the most important be-
ginning of a school year that will
happen in the lifetimes of these
children.”

Tracking an Outbreak The New Reality
PHILANTHROPY
Breaking Tradition, Foundations Borrow to Support a Battered Nation
From Page A1
foundations, which benefit from
generous federal tax breaks, are
hoarding billions of dollars during
a national emergency, more inter-
ested in safeguarding their en-
dowments than in helping those in
need.
The Ford Foundation, which
has a $13.7 billion endowment,
plans to distribute the newly
raised money over the next two
years, effectively increasing the
percentage of its endowment that
it pays out annually to about 10
percent from nearly 6 percent.
The four other foundations are
among America’s most storied:
the John D. and Catherine T. Mac-
Arthur Foundation; the W.K. Kel-
logg Foundation; the Andrew W.
Mellon Foundation; and the Doris
Duke Charitable Foundation. The
MacArthur and Doris Duke foun-
dations plan to issue bonds. Mel-
lon and Kellogg are still working
out their financing plans.
Major charitable foundations
traditionally spend a little more
than 5 percent of their assets in a
given year — the minimum re-
quired under federal law for the
tax-exempt organizations. The
less they distribute, the larger
their endowments grow and the
higher their odds of surviving in
perpetuity.
The Ford-led plan provides a
workaround. By using borrowed
money, foundations would go into
debt but wouldn’t erode their en-
dowments. While foundations
have issued bonds in the past to fi-
nance projects like building new
headquarters, bankers said it was
virtually unheard-of for them to
borrow money that they plan to
distribute.
“For most foundations, the idea
of taking on debt is outside of nor-
mative thinking,” Mr. Walker
wrote in a letter last month to
Ford’s board. “Covid-19 has creat-
ed unprecedented challenges that
require foundations to consider
ideas — even radical ones that
would have never been consid-
ered in the past.”
“This is unprecedented for us,
but these are unprecedented
times,” said John Palfrey, presi-
dent of the MacArthur Founda-
tion, which will start with a $125
million bond offering and then as-
sess whether more is needed.
With 300 years of experience
between them and fortunes
forged in insurance and tobacco,
automobiles and banking, the five
foundations carry the cachet of
America’s unofficial aristocracy.
They are closely watched trend
setters in the philanthropic com-
munity.
There are more than 100,000
private foundations in the United
States, and they are together sit-
ting on endowments worth nearly
JURISPRUDENCE
Drama in Courtrooms:
The Return of the Jury
By SHAILA DEWAN
Dylan Potter, a public defender
in Portland, Ore., found himself in
late April searching for case law
on what had been an obscure legal
question: whether witnesses are
allowed to wear masks.
He found one decision on
whether a confidential informant
could testify in a ski mask (no),
and another on whether Islamic
veils were permitted in court (it
depends).
But nothing addressed what Mr.
Potter was about to encounter: a
jury trial in the midst of a pan-
demic in which face coverings
have become a matter of health
and safety.
At the trial, of a man accused of
rape and assault, the jurors wore
masks as they trooped into court.
The judge put his on when law-
yers approached the bench. The
defendant remained barefaced
throughout.
Courts across the country have
managed to conduct a variety of
legal proceedings remotely, in-
cluding arraignments, guilty
pleas and bench trials, but Oregon
was one of the first states to re-
instate in-person jury trials. Their
handling provides a glimpse of the
near future, and raises new ques-
tions about fairness, safety and
due process in a court system
that, like everything else, is af-
fected by the coronavirus.
Masks pose a number of conun-
drums. How would Mr. Potter
choose a jury if he could not pick
up on the fleeting smirks or scowls
that normally tip him off to bias?
How would the jury react if his cli-
ent looked like a bandit in the
courtroom?
Other questions involved more
fundamental principles of ju-
risprudence. Would the jury pool
reflect the community if people in
groups hit harder by Covid-19, like
older residents, African-Ameri-
cans and Latinos, were more re-
“There’s never been such an existential challenge to the future of the nonprofit sector,” said Darren Walker of the Ford Foundation.
$1 trillion, according to Candid, a
group that tracks nonprofits and
foundations. Some — including
the Bill and Melinda Gates Foun-
dation — already pay out a sub-
stantial chunk of their endow-
ments every year. But many more
hover near the legal floor, on aver-
age distributing roughly 7 percent
of their funds annually.
An increasingly vocal network
of charitable figures, lawmakers
and others wants to pry that piggy
bank open. The Patriotic Million-
aires — a group of about 200
wealthy individuals, including the
Disney heiress Abigail Disney,
that pushes for higher taxes on
the rich — and the left-leaning In-
stitute for Policy Studies have
been pressing Congress to force
foundations to double their re-
quired payout to 10 percent of
their assets for the next three
years.
That would generate about
$200 billion in additional payouts,
the Institute for Policy Studies es-
timated.
“I’ve been appalled for years
how many foundations treat the 5
percent federal floor as a ceiling
and refuse to spend a penny more
than they are required to,” said
Scott Wallace of the Wallace
Global Fund, whose family foun-
dation plans to give away one-fifth
of its $120 million endowment this
luctant to show up? Can a trial
truly be considered public if the
public has been told to stay at
home?
“There’s an inherent conflict be-
tween the rights of someone on
trial and our social distancing
policies,” Mr. Potter said after his
client, Michael Frank Moody, be-
came the first defendant to be
tried by jury in Multnomah
County since the pandemic began.
“As smooth as this went, at no
point would I ever advise a client
to go through with it in these
times.”
Mr. Moody was found guilty.
With a number of states set to
resume jury trials in the next few
weeks, court administrators
across the country have turned to
math, measuring tapes and dia-
grams to figure out things like
how many people a jury box can
safely hold, or how long it will take
to transport a socially distanced
jury pool by elevator. They have
installed plexiglass barriers for
witness stands and pondered tex-
ting as a means of client-lawyer
communication.
Not all of the planning has been
strictly logistical. The Arizona Su-
preme Court, anticipating that
many calls to jury duty would be
ignored, has reduced the number
of potential jurors that can be
struck by each side to two, from
the usual six.
Texas has decreed that judges
need not seek consent before con-
ducting remote proceedings, and
while the state has not yet con-
ducted a remote criminal jury
trial, it has experimented with
jury selection by Zoom in a civil
dispute.
In Oregon, jury trials seem to
have proceeded without incident.
Elsewhere, they have been an oc-
casion for courtroom drama that
had nothing to do with the facts of
the case.
More than 100 people in Albany,
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
year.
“If in our hour of greatest need,
America’s greatest crisis in gener-
ations, philanthropies are plan-
ning to spend less, then they need
a big kick in the butt,” added Mr.
Wallace, a grandson of the pro-
gressive Henry A. Wallace, who
was President Franklin D. Roose-
velt’s vice president from 1941 to
1945. “Only Congress can deliver
that kick.”
Mr. Walker said he had ap-
proached six more leading foun-
dations about joining Ford but
was rebuffed. Some were ada-
mant they wouldn’t increase their
spending rates. A few said they
might, but weren’t ready to make
a public pledge.
The reluctance to spend big in a
crisis reflects in part foundations’
desire to preserve their endow-
ments in perpetuity. Because
those endowments tend to be in-
vested, the amount they distrib-
ute typically declines during re-
cessions and stock market down-
turns — precisely when their
money is needed most.
The Carnegie Corporation was
among those that declined to
pledge to spend more. The Rocke-
feller Brothers Fund was another.
Stephen Heintz, its president, said
its spending would go up this year
but that its board hasn’t yet de-
cided by how much.
Potential jurors in Washington County, Ore., answering questions during the jury selection.
Ga., had to be notified after a juror
there was hospitalized with
Covid-19 on March 12, according to
the Daily Report, a legal news or-
ganization.
A defense lawyer, Adam Stone,
had to tell a jury pool in Ashland,
Ohio, in late April that he had been
exposed to the virus and was un-
der doctor’s orders to self-isolate.
The judge had declined to post-
pone the trial.
Then Mr. Stone’s client col-
lapsed and had to be carried out of
the courtroom (he tested negative
for the virus). The trial is set to be-
gin again this month.
In Portland, Mr. Potter argued
that potential jurors should be
asked to remove their masks
while they were questioned, and
that witnesses be asked to remove
them while on the stand. His re-
quest was granted.
But in the Ashland trial, Mr.
Stone said, jurors and witnesses
were to have been permitted to
wear masks.
“You cannot effectively con-
front your accuser if that accus-
er’s allowed to wear a mask, and
that is fundamental, as you know,”
he said.
Larry Kramer, president of the
William and Flora Hewlett Foun-
dation, said in March that the $9.7
billion foundation would not in-
crease its spending because doing
so “would require selling deval-
ued assets from an already dimin-
ished endowment, thus locking in
losses permanently, to the certain
detriment of future grantees and
the communities they will serve.”
Since then, financial markets
have almost entirely rebounded
Issuing bonds to raise
funds is very rare
among nonprofits.
from their March lows. Vidya Kr-
ishnamurthy, a spokeswoman for
the foundation, said it is “re-
assessing how best to meet imme-
diate and future needs of our
grantees, amid the current crises
and changing market conditions.”
Thousands of nonprofits —
from community theaters to food
pantries to small rural hospitals —
are fighting for their survival. A
study released this week by the
Center for Effective Philanthropy
found that 90 percent of nonprof-
Mr. Stone usually advises his
clients to have friends and family
in the courtroom to demonstrate
support, but in this case, he said,
his client’s mother could not be
there because she is a cancer sur-
vivor with a compromised im-
mune system.
Many courts have declined to
livestream proceedings because
they could be recorded and re-
played in ways that were not typi-
cally permitted.
Oregon’s courts have resumed
holding jury trials because of a
rigid statutory deadline of 180
days after arrest, which applies
only to defendants in custody.
Most of the affected defendants
are in jail only because they can-
not afford to post bail, said Carl
Macpherson, director of the Met-
ropolitan Public Defender, the
state’s largest public defense
agency.
In Portland, Multnomah Coun-
ty’s first two jury trials during the
pandemic have involved defend-
ants who were homeless. Mr.
Macpherson said the county could
have solved the deadline problem
by releasing the defendants until
a later court date.
ANDREW SENG FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
its surveyed had to cancel or post-
pone fund-raising events and 81
percent had to reduce programs
or services. At the same time,
more than half said that demand
for their services had increased.
Many of those nonprofits rely
on foundations as a major source
of funding.
“Frankly, the house is on fire
right now, and if they don’t save
the nonprofits, they’re going to
have to rebuild the entire sector,”
said Chitra Hanstad, executive di-
rector of World Relief Seattle,
which provides services to refu-
gees, asylum seekers and others.
Its funds running low, the group is
planning a round of layoffs.
The Ford Foundation was
started in 1936 with a grant of
$25,000 from Edsel Ford, a son of
the Ford Motor founder Henry
Ford. In recent years it has de-
voted itself to attacking economic
and racial inequality, financing
groups like Campaign Zero, which
seeks to end police brutality, and
Color of Change, which works to
help black communities.
Mr. Walker said he realized in
March that this was the moment
to borrow money. He was listening
to a speech by Federal Reserve
chair Jerome H. Powell, who said
he was slashing interest rates. “It
occurred to me that the cost of
borrowing for highly rated institu-
ILLUSTRATION BY DEBORAH MARBLE
“Jurors are not essential work-
ers,” he said. “Being a juror is al-
ready a difficult position to put
someone in from our community
— and to ask a juror to do that dur-
ing a pandemic is unfair.”
Out of 500 potential jurors sum-
moned on May 4, only 121 ap-
peared — about half the usual
number, according to figures pro-
vided by a court spokeswoman.
“It was the same reaction I had
when I found out I was having
twins,” said Lori Hymowitz, 57, a
lawyer who received a jury sum-
mons. “You can either laugh or
cry, and I just laughed.”
The court website informed her
that she need not appear if she had
a “high-risk condition,” but that
“the courts are considered essen-
tial under Governor Brown’s ‘Stay
Home, Save Lives’ order, and ju-
rors are critical for the court to
meet its constitutional duties.”
Ms. Hymowitz said she was ap-
prehensive, but made a calcula-
tion: “I have three teenagers, so I
was like, jury duty versus being
home with teenagers — jury duty
sounds good.”
She arrived at the courthouse to
find what she called a thorough
N A7
tions would have to be very low,”
Mr. Walker said. The foundation’s
board approved the plan.
Ford is betting that it can earn a
higher return on its endowment
assets than it will pay in interest
on the bonds, allowing it over time
to repay the borrowed money
without reducing the size of the
endowment.
The Ford Foundation debt will
be marketed as “social bonds”
whose proceeds will be ear-
marked for grants that advance
environmental, social and corpo-
rate governance goals, according
to Wells Fargo, which is selling the
bonds for the foundation. That
means they can be bought by
funds focused on socially respon-
sible investments.
Mr. Walker hoped Ford’s clout
in the charitable world would lead
other foundations to take similar
actions. In March he began reach-
ing out to the leaders of large foun-
dations to enlist their support.
“My message was that it’s not de-
fensible to pay out only 5 percent,”
Mr. Walker said.
When he called Mr. Palfrey of
the MacArthur Foundation in Chi-
cago, the foundation was already
looking to tap the bond market for
money that could be used to in-
crease donations. But Mr. Palfrey
described Ford’s plan as “wind in
our sails.”
The Doris Duke Charitable
Foundation, named after the to-
bacco and energy heiress, is the
smallest of the five organizations
taking part in the plan. It has an
endowment of just under $2 billion
and usually distributes about $110
million a year. This summer, the
foundation plans to issue $100 mil-
lion worth of 30-year bonds, and it
will distribute those funds by
2022, said the foundation’s presi-
dent, Ed Henry.
“The downside of that is, of
course, that it creates an obliga-
tion for the foundation for the next
30 years,” Mr. Henry said. “Basi-
cally we’re taking out a mort-
gage.”
The Andrew W. Mellon Founda-
tion will increase its giving this
year to $500 million from $300 mil-
lion, or about 8 percent of its total
assets, said Elizabeth Alexander,
the foundation’s president.
The W.K. Kellogg Foundation,
which usually distributes about
$300 million a year, is pledging to
increase grants by a total of up to
$300 million over the next two
years.
“We have to increase our pay-
out and we have to go big,” said La
June Montgomery Tabron, the
Kellogg president and chief exec-
utive. “Let’s come together and
set an example for how, no matter
where your portfolio is in this mo-
ment, you can still increase your
payout.”
approach to social distancing:
Lines on the sidewalk showed
where to stand outside. Masking-
tape arrows indicated safe places
to sit inside. Masks and hand sani-
tizer were available for the asking.
She and several others who
were present said there were very
few African-Americans or Latinos
in the jury pool.
Eight rooms were needed to
conduct jury selection and the
trial itself, including one empty
courtroom for deliberations and
another for spectators (there
were not many). Chairs and mi-
crophones were regularly wiped
down. Most people in the court-
room took off their masks once
they were seated.
Mr. Potter said he and his client
had to confer so frequently that it
was impractical to don masks, so
they ended up getting much closer
than health experts recommend.
And there were other issues: Be-
cause the jury box could accom-
modate only three people, the rest
of the jury was spread out behind
Mr. Potter, where he could not see
their reactions or be certain that
they could see and hear the pro-
ceedings.
“Now, can I point to any rule of
statute or law that says that’s
wrong or unlawful? I can’t,” he
said. “But it definitely changes the
dynamic you normally look for in
a jury trial — which is gauging the
reaction of the jury.”
Prosecutors declined to com-
ment because Mr. Moody was not
expected to be sentenced until
June 19.
Lawrence Kotan, a project man-
ager who served as jury foreman
for another recent trial in Mult-
nomah County, said he assumed
when he was summoned that the
case must be urgent, involving
crimes graver than assault and
the theft of a block of cheese.
“I absolutely thought, ‘Oh, crap
— this is a serious one,’ ” he said.
“Thus my surprise when I saw
what the case was. I kind of went,
‘What?’ ”
The defendant wore a mask,
which in Mr. Kotan’s view made
him look a little like the infamous
villain Hannibal Lecter. “I would
have liked to have seen his whole
face,” he said. “If nothing else, out
of curiosity.”
A8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Tracking an Outbreak New York City
MEDICAL CARE
Covid Barred Visitors.
So a Children’s Hospital
Let 22 Parents Move In.
By BENJAMIN WEISER
For more than a year, Onyx
Johnson spent many of her days
visiting her 17-year-old daughter,
Ariana, a former honor-roll stu-
dent and athlete, at St. Mary’s
Hospital for Children in Queens,
where she was recovering from
traumatic brain injury she suf-
fered when hit by a motorist in
2018.
“I couldn’t imagine being with-
out her, or her not seeing my face,
for a long, extended period of
time,” Ms. Johnson said.
When the coronavirus hit, how-
ever, she and other parents of St.
Mary’s patients were faced with a
difficult decision. The hospital,
which cares for about 130 of New
York’s sickest children, wanted to
limit possible contamination and
suspended all visitation, following
an order from the state. But in
shutting its doors, it also made an
unusual offer to some of its fam-
ilies: One parent per child could
move in.
There was a wrinkle, however:
If a parent later changed her mind
and decided to leave, she could not
return until the ban on visitors
was lifted.
Ultimately, 20 mothers and two
fathers moved into St. Mary’s, in
the Bayside neighborhood, bring-
ing pajamas, sweatpants, toilet-
ries, vitamins and laptops. Most
now have been there for nearly
three months, sleeping on reclin-
ers in their children’s rooms and
becoming immersed in their care
— and sharing just one shower.
“We just thought it was going to
be a two-week thing,” said Lucy
Ramirez, whose 6-year-old son,
Anthony, is on round-the-clock
oxygen for lung issues. “But then
they kept extending and extend-
ing.”
One father has even been keep-
ing a journal for his infant daugh-
ter, who is being treated for feed-
ing issues.
“The most important thing is I
am here,” he wrote. “I feel that it is
my duty as your father to be your
advocate and bedside playmate.”
Patty Agurto, who moved in
with her 18-year-old daughter,
Taylor, said, “The hard thing here
is obviously just being away — not
having the amenities you have at
home, not sleeping in your own
bed.”
Taylor wears diapers and re-
quires a feeding tube and ventila-
tor support.
Ms. Agurto said she can only
wave to her two older children
through the large lobby windows.
“I see my kids,” she said, “through
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Subways Are Newly Spotless, Transforming Experience of the Daily Commute
By CHRISTINA GOLDBAUM
In Grand Central Terminal, the
nexus of commuter rails and sub-
way lines linking Midtown Man-
hattan to the far reaches of New
York City and its suburbs, the usu-
al blur of fast-paced commuters
vanished.
Subway cars lurched through a
system eerily devoid of stray plas-
tic bags, unidentifiable liquids
and, notably, people. In stations,
the loop of prerecorded announce-
ments that seep into New York’s
collective subconscious (“Stand
clear of the closing doors, please”)
offered a new message to riders:
“Please, do your part to reduce
crowding.”
As the coronavirus pandemic
ground New York to a halt, it crip-
pled the subway, the city’s life
blood, draining it of over 90 per-
cent of its usual ridership. Now, as
the city slowly starts to reopen,
the subway’s ability to regain the
confidence of riders will play a
crucial role in New York’s recov-
ery.
For now, transit officials are un-
certain what the coming months
and years will look like for mass
transportation and whether all 5.5
million weekday riders will ever
return. But in the interim, the
whiplash has transformed the
subway from an emblem of the
city’s overcrowding to a vivid re-
minder of the lasting aftershock of
the pandemic.
“All my life, I’ve never seen it
like this,” Melody Johnson, a
nurse who lives in Brooklyn, said
while riding an uptown No. 2 train
one recent morning. “Look
around — we’re empty.”
In the seemingly long-ago days
before the pandemic, phalanxes of
riders lined the platforms during
rush hour, waiting to push and
squeeze into every arriving train.
Elbows pressed into strangers’
torsos, heads squeezed under
armpits, and train cars — with the
apparent magic of Mary Poppins’s
bag — absorbed infinitely more
passengers at every station.
But today, only a smattering of
the glass.”
The parents say they communi-
cate with their families over Face-
Time, eat donated meals and fill
their evenings with reading, a vir-
tual painting class and watching
“Veep,” “Game of Thrones” and
“The Last Dance.”
It was in March that New York
State issued the ban on visitors to
nursing homes and other adult
care facilities, which also applied
to St. Mary’s because so many of
its patients receive long-term care
there, a hospital spokesman said.
The hospital’s strict visitation
policy has so far paid off: Not one
of its medically fragile patients
has tested positive for the coro-
navirus, said Dr. Edwin Simpser,
its chief executive and a practic-
ing pediatrician.
The facility treats roughly 250
patients a year, Dr. Simpser said.
They range in age from newborn
to 21; some are there for rehabili-
tation with the goal of leaving the
hospital, and others remain in
long-term care.
Some of the children have com-
plications from extreme prematu-
rity. Many require the support of
ventilators and feeding tubes.
Some have severe neurological,
cognitive or genetic disorders.
There are accident and burn vic-
tims, and children on palliative
care for cancer and AIDS.
For these young patients,
Covid-19, the disease caused by
the coronavirus, could be devas-
tating, Dr. Simpser said. “We’re
desperate to keep this bug out of
our building.”
Dr. Simpser added that St.
Mary’s long had practiced state-
of-the-art infection control tech-
niques — special filtration in air
handlers and the use of ultraviolet
light in cleaning rooms — and em-
ployees and parents received
masks and gloves early on.
As for parents moving in? “We
decided that the way we’re han-
dling it is safe in that the parents
are not coming and going,” Dr.
Simpser said.
As a further precaution, St.
Mary’s restricted parents to their
child’s unit (the floors are divided
among newborns, toddlers and
older children). Many who stayed
have since bonded with each
other.
Ms. Johnson likened the experi-
ence to “a little voyage that we
were taking together, because we
were embarking on the unknown.”
Choosing which parent would
remain with a child was not easy.
The father who has been keeping
a journal for his daughter, who
riders are scattered across station
platforms. Even during peak
hours, people sometimes sit in
train cars with less than a dozen
other riders. In the weeks before
the city reopened, only one or two
riders on entire 10-car trains ex-
ited onto the platform at some sta-
tions at peak hours.
One recent morning at the
Winthrop Street Station in Brook-
lyn, a nurse who lives in Volga,
S.D. — population less than 2,000
— but who had come to New York
to help with the coronavirus pan-
demic uttered words once incon-
ceivable to native New Yorkers:
“Taking the subway is the easiest
part of my day,” the nurse, Judy
Bergeland, said.
That same morning, the Times
Square station in the heart of
Manhattan was nearly empty at
9:30 a.m. It is the busiest station in
the system, typically bustling
with commuters crisscrossing
among 11 lines on any given week-
day. The scenes depicted in col-
orful mosaics on the walls — a
crowd watching a camera crew
filming on the subway, construc-
tion workers digging outside the
entrance of a station — appeared
in their entirety, oddly unobstruct-
ed by passers-by.
Even as the system felt spookily
empty, across train cars and sta-
tions the age-old rituals of riding
New York’s subway were still very
much alive.
During rush hour at the Atlantic
Avenue-Barclays Center station
in Brooklyn, people passing
through the turnstiles still
sprinted to the tracks when they
heard the familiar words: “There
is a Manhattan-bound 2 train ap-
proaching the station.”
Another rider shouted into her
dangling earphones — “I’m get-
ting on the train. I’ll call you lat-
er!” — as she leapt onto a train, its
metal doors starting to close.
The static-filled sound of a con-
ductor’s voice announcing a delay
(“Ladies and gentlemen, we have
train traffic ahead of us. We
should be moving shortly.”)
Parents who moved into St. Mary’s Hospital for Children in Queens to be with their daugh-
ters. Clockwise from top: Poonam Pathak with a photo of her daughter, Christine; Sheronda
Patton, mother of Noa; Onyx Johnson, mother of Ariana; Patty Agurto, mother of Taylor.
asked to be identified only by his
first name, Chris, said he and his
wife decided he should stay be-
cause he could work remotely. His
wife had to return to her job in
health care.
Each evening after her work-
day ends, he said, his wife makes a
30-to-45 minute drive to St.
Mary’s to drop off breast milk for
their infant daughter, who re-
ceives it through a feeding tube.
She also brings him snacks and
an occasional dinner or sandwich
from a deli near her job.
He fills a bag with dirty laundry
and another with empty milk bot-
tles. They leave the items for each
Aboard a No. 3 train in Brooklyn during the morning rush on June 1 as the city began to reopen.
earned a collective — if quieter
than usual — sigh.
But inside the subway cars, the
system’s new, daily disinfectant
regimen combined with the
dearth of riders have made the
cars almost unrecognizable to
New Yorkers all too familiar with
trains that once felt like petri dish-
es for the city’s grime.
No trash or spilled drinks cov-
ered the floors. The metal walls
were perfectly shined. Some train
cars even smelled like lemons.
“It’s so, so, so much cleaner,”
said Jacqueline Mckoy, a home
health aide, as she waited at the
Winthrop Station in Brooklyn for a
train to take her to work in the
Bronx. “I wish they were doing
this years ago,” she added.
Nearby, Albert Maury, 49, stood
at the edge of the platform waiting
to travel to Manhattan where he
works in a post office. He has been
amazed, and relieved, by how
empty the subway has been.
PHOTOGRAPHS BY BRITTAINY NEWMAN/THE NEW YORK TIMES
other on a table in the vestibule.
Then, they stand at the window,
blowing kisses and giving air hugs
to each other, he said.
“Your transfer to St. Mary’s has
not been easy on your mother and
I,” Chris wrote in his journal on
April 29.
Sheronda Patton, another par-
ent, also began taking notes after
her daughter, Noa, arrived at St.
Mary’s from a neonatal intensive
care unit at NewYork-Presbyteri-
an/Weill Cornell Medical Center
in April.
Noa, born in October three
months early, was a micropreemie
— weighing just 1 pound, 4 ounces.
But now, as businesses begin to
reopen, he worries that the brief
respite from sardine-like subway
cars and shoulder-to-shoulder
platforms will come to an end,
triggering increased anxiety
about public health concerns.
“I think it’s going to be more
crowded. It’s going to get much,
much worse,” Mr. Maury said. “I
guess everyone’s just going to
have to try their best to protect
themselves when they’re on the
train.”
Ridership has slowly begun to
pick up in recent weeks. After hit-
ting a low of 7 percent of the usual
passenger load in April, ridership
levels have crept up to around 15
percent in recent weeks. On Mon-
day, as the city reopened for Phase
1, around 113,000 more riders rode
the subway compared with the
same day the previous week, ac-
cording to transit officials.
At the 149 Street-Grand Con-
course station in the Bronx, a tran-
“It’s been a loop of emotions —
learning trach cares, vent set-
tings, plus learning Noa’s pat-
terns,” Ms. Patton wrote on April
15. “I’m beyond exhausted.”
The parents praise St. Mary’s
for its care of their children and its
willingness to make their own
stays as comfortable as possible.
But it was not built as a hotel:
There is that one shower, on the
ground floor, which has meant
wait times of up to 40 minutes.
Not every room is private, ei-
ther: Ms. Agurto, for example,
shares a room with Taylor and
three other girls. All four girls are
on ventilators at least part of the
TODD HEISLER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
sit worker said in the week before
the city officially reopened that
she had already noticed more peo-
ple filling platforms and trains.
“I see some people not wearing
masks. They take off the mask
when they talk on the phone or
ask me questions,” said the
worker, who declined to give her
name because she was not autho-
rized to speak to the news media.
“How are we going to enforce
these new safety rules when peo-
ple come back? There’s no way.”
As the city reopens, the Metro-
politan Transportation Authority,
which runs the subway, has out-
lined a number of safeguards to
protect public health while ensur-
ing commuters can still rely on the
system: Subway service is being
increased to reduce congestion,
transit workers are patrolling sta-
tions to report overcrowding, ad-
ditional police are deployed to en-
force mask usage and floor mark-
ings have been added to encour-
day.
Some parents said that as hard
as it has been to be separated from
other family members, they are
spending more time than ever
with their children.
Poonam Pathak said she used to
wake up in the morning, yearning
to see her hospitalized daughter,
Christine, who is now 2 and needs
ventilator support for several
hours each day.
“Here, every day I see Chris-
tine,” Ms. Pathak said, describing
walking with her and holding her
as “the best moments of my life.”
In the hospital’s fenced-in back-
yard overlooking Little Neck Bay,
the only place the parents can go
outdoors, small groups meet for
exercise (with social distancing);
they also sit in swings in the play-
ground area, play cards and dance
to TikTok videos. Several parents
have eaten lunch together and
had a “group talk about our situa-
tions, our kids and how we felt,”
said Renée Barrett, whose 14-
year-old son, Jayson, is undergo-
ing rehabilitation after complex
leg surgery.
Jochana Chakma, another par-
ent, said they focus on the pos-
itive: “We try to discuss the happy
things.”
Over time, five of the parents
had to leave St. Mary’s.
Ms. Johnson, who was there al-
most two months, said she had to
return to work and attend to her
mother’s health.
She gently raised her pending
departure with her daughter, Ari-
ana, who, she said, after multiple
surgeries, was again learning to
walk, read and process thoughts.
“I said, ‘Ariana, Mommy’s going
to have to go home,’” Ms. Johnson
recalled. “And she said, ‘OK. And
you’re going to come back?’
“And I said, ‘I will come back.
I’m not going to be able to come
back right away.’
“And she asked me, what was
‘right away?’ ”
Ms. Johnson said she began to
cry.
A sixth parent, Ms. Patton, left
on May 29 when Noa, her micro-
preemie who then was 7 months
old and weighed 11 pounds, 2
ounces, was discharged.
“I did say goodbye to the other
moms with hugs and smiles,” Ms.
Patton recalled in an email.
In her own notes, she wrote,
“We are heading home with much
joy.”
Other parents continue with
their unusual quarantine. Chris,
who has been keeping the journal
for his infant daughter, wrote on
May 10 that after dressing her in a
“My First Mother’s Day” onesie,
he held up his phone so her family
members could see her and speak
to her.
“It really hurts to see your
mother tear up because she can’t
physically be with you on this spe-
cial day,” Chris wrote. “I know that
if she could have traded places
with me and stayed in the hospital
with you, she would have done so
in a flash.”
age social distancing.
The subway will remain closed
between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. to allow
for deep cleanings.
Still, many riders remain con-
cerned about subway cars and
platforms returning to their nor-
mally packed conditions while the
coronavirus remains a threat.
At the 125 Street Station in East
Harlem, Rosa Diaz, 35, waited to
board a No. 4 train to Lower Man-
hattan where she works as a para-
legal. In April, she often shared
subway cars with half a dozen or
so people, she said. But in recent
days some of her trains were
crowded enough that nearly ev-
ery seat was taken and one or two
other riders were standing up.
“People on the train are care-
less,’’ Ms. Diaz said. “People don’t
actually care if they get too close
to each other.’’
“Some aren’t even wearing
P.P.E. at all,” she added, referring
to personal protective equipment
like masks. “I’ve seen dance
crews on these trains still — with
no masks!”
But for others, the thought of
New York returning to a sem-
blance of the way it used to be —
even if that includes bustling train
stations — is a welcome relief af-
ter months of unsettling uncer-
tainty.
At Grand Central Terminal, Da-
vid Herring, an M.T.A. customer
service representative who has
worked in the terminal for 20
years, has been encouraged by
the slight uptick of people going in
and out of commuter trains over
the last two weeks.
Sitting beneath the station’s
iconic clock in the grand con-
course, Mr. Herring looked out
longingly as a few dozen people
took photos of the majestic space
with their phones while they
waited to board trains.
“Other than the days after 9/11,
I’ve never seen it like this before,”
Mr. Herring said. “But I like my
job. I like answering people’s
questions. I’m ready to get back to
work.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N A9

Tracking an Outbreak The Front Lines

A NURSE’S PERSPECTIVE

After 12-Hour Shifts,

Solitude and Sanctuary
Photographs and Text by ALEX POTTER
The coronavirus pandemic has exposed many things:
inequalities in health care, lack of preparedness, and the
value of essential workers. It has also forced many
health care workers to spend time in solitude and isola-
tion, while never feeling entirely secure. Our homes,
once a refuge, are now potential incubators that put our
families at risk. ¶ Having worked in multiple emergency
departments, including in Iraq during an active conflict,
I am used to nursing under stressful situations. Yet
nursing during the coronavirus has brought a different
type of stress — dread from an invisible enemy that, as
yet, has no vaccine. ¶ My colleagues and I have few
spaces of sanctuary, between risk at work and anxiety
at home that our loved ones could be exposed. ¶ But
there is one sanctuary, a place that is just ours: Our
cars. In our cars, we can breathe, sigh, cry, listen to
music, pray, or just decompress, if only during our
drives home. ¶ I photographed my colleagues, all emer-
gency room nurses at Rhode Island Hospital, after our
12-hour shifts. While sitting inside their cars, I asked
them how they are coping during this difficult time.

‘I’m afraid to bring it home to my family. ‘I have never in my life wanted to hug
I often drive around downtown at 3:30 my mother, father, sister, and brother so
a.m. after a shift to just think and be. At bad. I’m praying for the day that we no
night the city looks no different during longer have to live six feet apart.’
Covid than it did pre-Covid. Empty MELISSA D’ANTOUNO
streets, streetlights. It’s peaceful.’
MISSY ARRUDA

‘I feel like I have a different face for each angle of my life.

One for caring for my patients, and another for caring for my
family. Each present themselves with insecurities and the
hope that I am getting it right.’
MELISSA ALDRICH

‘Being at work makes me feel normal.

It’s when I’m not at work that I have a
‘The fact that I cannot hug my family constant worry that what I do for a living
after a long shift has got to be the worst could be putting my family at risk.’
part. Afraid that I may pass something KELLIE LANERES
to them, I refrain ... because I worry, and
couldn’t possibly live with myself if I
harmed them in any way.’
VERONICA MEDIEROS

‘In the E.R., we’re used to having a crowded waiting room.

Family members along with patients. All that came to a stop
pretty fast. People became scared quickly and just stayed
home. Possibly taking home what could potentially kill
someone is a frightening burden to carry.’
MAGGIE BRANT
A10
Ukraine’s Backlog of Babies Born to Surrogates Begins to Ease
A few foreign couples arrive to
retrieve their newborns amid
virus-related travel restrictions.
By MARIA VARENIKOVA
KYIV, Ukraine — For weeks, more
than 100 foreign genetic parents of ba-
bies born to surrogate mothers in
Ukraine have been waiting nervously,
prevented by Ukraine’s rigid coro-
navirus restrictions from entering the
country to pick up their newborns.
But the government has been granting
some exemptions, and on Wednesday,
having gone through a mandatory quar-
antine, 11 couples from Argentina and
Spain were joyously united with their
newest family members. It was a first
step in whittling down a backlog of ba-
bies, born into Ukraine’s surrogate
motherhood industry during the pan-
demic, that some officials have said
could swell to as many as 1,000.
“It was like a dream,” Andrea Diez, a
mother from Argentina, said Wednesday
after she was handed her baby at a news
conference hosted by a surrogacy
agency, Biotexcom.
Biotexcom, which has faced criticism
over the backlog, staged the event for
maximum effect, bringing out the babies
and uniting them with their joyful par-
ents for the first time.
With permissive legislation, high-
quality private maternity hospitals and
an abundance of poor women, Ukraine
has in recent years become the leading
country providing surrogacy services to
foreigners, industry executives and
women’s rights advocates say.
For the most part, the surrogacy agen-
cies care for the babies, though some
have been left with the surrogate moth-
ers. Biotexcom, the largest such agency,
is caring for 79 babies in cribs in a hotel
and clinic in Kyiv. The company was ex-
pecting two more births on Wednesday.
The baby pickup on Wednesday is a
step toward unwinding the problem, one
of the more bizarre to arise from travel
restrictions imposed to limit the spread
of the coronavirus.
But the schedule for pickups so far is
slower than the rate of births, so the
stranded surrogate babies are still grow-
ing in number in Ukraine.
The authorities have estimated that
1,000 surrogate mothers are expecting.
So far, 120 genetic parents of 125 babies
have asked for assistance with travel,
and 31 couples have arrived, including
the 11 who met their babies on Wednes-
day, according to Lyudmila Denisova,
Ukraine’s human rights ombudsman.
The United States Embassy in Kyiv
said in a statement Wednesday that it
had assisted 11 American parents with
travel to Ukraine, with three more sched-
uled to arrive next week.
Ukraine is an outlier among nations,
though not alone, in allowing foreigners
access to a broad range of reproductive
Andrew E. Kramer contributed reporting
from Moscow.
Despite New Lead in Case
Of Vanished British Girl,
A Town Just Seems Weary
By RAPHAEL MINDER
PRAIA DA LUZ, Portugal — In Praia
da Luz, the words “McCann circus” have
been graffitied below “Stop” on some
traffic signs.
The stark message reflects the feel-
ings of frustration and ennui that have
built up among some residents of the
town over the 13 years since a British
toddler, Madeleine McCann, vanished
from her family’s rented holiday apart-
ment when she was 3 years old.
This month, journalists and camera
crews returned to Praia da Luz, in Portu-
gal’s southern Algarve region, after the
German authorities identified a 43-year-
old German sex offender as the main
suspect in Madeleine’s abduction and
said they were investigating.
The suspect, who has been identified
as Christian B., is in prison in Germany
on a sentence for a drug offense. He is
also appealing a conviction for the 2005
rape of a 72-year-old American in her
home, which was also in Praia da Luz.
His phone records reveal that he was
still in the town the evening of May 3,
2007, when Madeleine was left sleeping
alongside her twin siblings while her
parents and their friends had a tapas din-
ner at a restaurant within their holiday
resort.
But while the trickle of information
about Christian B. and his past where-
abouts and crimes has made the newspa-
per headlines, it is difficult to find anyone
in Praia da Luz who has welcomed the
revival of the police investigation. And
few sound hopeful about its outcome.
“People have got tired of listening to
all the theories about Madeleine, and I
think that it is understandable that noth-
ing feels very new after 13 years” of vari-
ous police leads going cold, said Hugo
Pereira, the mayor of the municipality
SERGEI SUPINSKY/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
health services, including buying of eggs
and arranging for surrogate births for a
fee. Ukrainian law grants custody to the
genetic parents.
Ms. Diez and her husband, Fernando
Montero, both 46, said they had turned to
Ukraine for a surrogate mother after
years of failed fertility treatments in Ar-
gentina.
They named their son Ignacio (and
nicknamed him Nacho). Born April 29,
that includes Praia da Luz.
“There’s also the feeling that anybody
who could have possibly been interro-
gated has already said all that could be
said,” he added.
Some residents also questioned why
the police and the news media had con-
tinued to devote substantial resources to
the search for one missing girl while sim-
ilar unresolved crimes had been
archived.
José dos Santos, a night guard who
was working on the evening that
Madeleine vanished, said Praia da Luz
ranked “much above average” in terms
of safety, without any violent crime re-
ported on the properties that he has
looked after for decades.
After Madeleine vanished, “everyone
helped” to search for her, he said, but
nowadays “it is more than normal that
everyone is fed up with the boomerang
effect every year,” resulting from new
and diverging police leads.
For a time, the Portuguese authorities
considered Madeleine’s parents, Kate
and Gerry McCann, as suspects, but they
were formally cleared. Still, Mr. dos San-
tos said many people felt uneasy about
special treatment afforded to the par-
ents, who had an audience with the pope
at the Vatican a few weeks after
Madeleine vanished.
“I think everybody should be treated
the same way,” he said. “This case had
more attention and used more resources
from the institutions, both Portuguese
and worldwide. Imagine how many par-
ents the pope would have to receive if he
received everyone whose children disap-
pear.”
Paul Mikhelson, the British owner of a
cafe that sits along the town’s cobble-
stone promenade, said some of his em-
ployees had been questioned this past
Andrea Diez and Fernando Montero, above, of Argentina, at a news confer-
ence in Kyiv on Wednesday after meeting their child, Ignacio, who was borne
by a surrogate. Nurses, left, with babies set to be collected by their genetic par-
ents at the event. About 1,000 surrogate mothers are expecting in Ukraine.
he spent the first month and a half of his
life cared for by nurses in a room packed
with cribs.
The baby pileup has revived criticism
of the business in Ukraine.
Biotexcom has been criticized for
sometimes impregnating surrogate
mothers with three embryos, increasing
the chances of a successful pregnancy
but risking an abortion if all three de-
velop.
week by journalists about a cellphone
number reportedly linked to the German
suspect, which turned out to be another
red herring.
Disappearances had happened more
often elsewhere, so “I don’t understand
why this particular case remains the cen-
ter of so much attention and we cannot
‘Nothing feels very new
after 13 years’ of leads
going cold, a mayor says.
let sleeping dogs lie,” Mr. Mikhelson said.
“I think we all just want this book to get
closed now, no matter how it is done.”
While living in Portugal, Christian B.
held several jobs, among them working
as a hotel waiter, selling newspaper ads
and working for a swimming pool and
awning maintenance company, accord-
ing to German court records.
He also imported and sold cars. The
authorities released photos of a Jaguar
that he owned, as well as a Volkswagen
van.
“We do it for the result,” Albert
Tochylovsky, the company director, said
in an interview. “We work for the result.”
La Strada, a women’s rights group,
said it received about 100 calls a year
from surrogate mothers seeking help. In
many cases, the women are upset about
having to hand over the baby, said
Maryna Lehenka, the group’s legal direc-
tor, indicating “insufficient psychological
support for women who go into surro-
gacy programs.”
Other surrogate mothers have ex-
pressed appreciation for the pay —
around $15,000 per birth, if everything
goes right — and the chance to help infer-
tile couples. But some are upset by the
total separation from the babies once
they have given birth.
“It’s been five years since I gave birth
to my twins, and I would be happy to re-
ceive a postcard to know how they are
doing,” said Olha Korsunova, 27, who is
now 12 weeks into her third surrogate
pregnancy.
“The parents do not do that, and it is
their right; I do not judge,” she said.
RAFAEL MARCHANTE/REUTERS
In the Algarve, the authorities said,
Christian B. and an unidentified girl-
friend rented a white-and-yellow house
that is along a dirt track, off the main
road that leads to Praia da Luz. Sur-
rounded by scrubland and deep water
wells, the house is now vacant.
In another house where the suspect
stayed, at the entrance to the inland vil-
lage of Monte Judeu, the current owners
recently put up signs warning journalists
against trespassing on private property.
A villager said he would not speak to
the news media because he did not want
to risk “getting my name in the paper and
then on a new police list.”
He added that “600 feels like more
than enough,” referring to the 600 people
who were considered persons of interest
by the police during the course of the in-
vestigation.
The German police are also looking at
whether Christian B. was involved in a
few other unresolved missing-child
cases, including that of a 6-year-old Ger-
man boy, René Hasee, who disappeared
while on a beach in the Algarve in 1996.
Another reopened investigation con-
cerns Inga Gehricke, who was 5 when
she disappeared in 2015 near a property
that Christian B. owned on the outskirts
of the German town of Stendhal.
THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
GLEB GARANICH/REUTERS
Ms. Korsunova decided to become a
surrogate mother after the war in east-
ern Ukraine drove her from Donetsk, her
hometown, and she needed money for
medical school. She gave birth to her own
son when she was 18 and at 21 gave birth
to the twin boys for parents from Spain.
“I received education and have a pos-
sibility to give my son all he needs,
thanks to the surrogacy programs,” Ms.
Korsunova said. She is studying obstet-
rics.
Some surrogate mothers have been
left caring for the babies themselves.
One woman living in Vinnytsia, in
western Ukraine, who asked to be identi-
fied only by her first name, Dasha, to
avoid repercussions from the agency she
worked with, has been caring for a baby
girl she gave birth to in April. She said
she had become a surrogate mother to
pay her mortgage.
The baby, she said, cries constantly,
and the agency that arranged the birth
has provided little support. “It was very
hard,” Dasha said in an interview. “I just
want the parents to come and to take this
girl away from me.”
News crews watching investigators
during a 2014 search for Madeleine
McCann in Praia da Luz, Portugal.
Madeleine vanished nearby in 2007.
Christian B. has more than a dozen
previous convictions, including one for
assaulting a child in Germany when he
himself was still a teenager. He has also
been sentenced for child pornography,
drug trafficking and a series of burgla-
ries, some in the Algarve.
According to German court records,
he broke into hotels and stole fuel from
boats moored in marinas. His conviction
in the 2005 rape was partly based on ma-
terial obtained from his own video cam-
era.
Madeleine and her family stayed at the
Ocean Club, a resort owned at the time
by a British travel operator, Mark
Warner.
The Ocean Club opened in the 1990s,
when Praia da Luz was completing its
transformation from a sleepy fishing vil-
lage into an international tourism desti-
nation particularly popular with families
from northern Europe and still described
by the mayor as “our British condomini-
um.”
The German police announcement
came just as Praia da Luz, which has a
resident population of only 3,500 people,
was slowly coming back to life after
months of lockdown restrictions because
of the coronavirus. Portugal’s beaches
reopened this month.
“The last thing that we need after be-
ing hit by the coronavirus is to have the
Madeleine case now prove detrimental
to the return of tourists,” said Mr. Mikhel-
son, the cafe owner.
Ana Campino named her souvenir
shop in Praia da Luz the Thread of His-
tory, because she herself sews the dolls
that are on sale. Now, she said, “it’s be-
come awful to live in this never-ending
story” of the search for Madeleine.
Ms. Campino said she still felt plenty of
sympathy for the McCann family be-
cause “I know that I would never have
given up the fight if I lost one of my own
children, and it is very clear to me that
Madeleine’s parents must find out the
truth.”

ISIS Attacks Surge
In Iraq Amid Debate
On U.S. Troop Levels
This article is by Alissa J. Rubin,
Lara Jakes and Eric Schmitt.
MAKESHIFA, Iraq — The as-
sailants came at dusk, creeping on
foot through the dusty palm
groves near the Tigris River,
armed only with a rocket-pro-
pelled grenade, a light machine
gun and Kalashnikovs. They had
laid roadside bombs to kill anyone
who rushed to help the unsuspect-
ing local guards, who were in their
sights.
When the attack on the village
last month was over, nine mem-
bers of a Sunni tribe that had op-
posed the Islamic State were dead
and four were wounded, one of
them nearly burned to death.
This is the Islamic State in Iraq
in 2020: low-tech, low-cost, rural,
but still lethal. And while it has not
carried out attacks on the scale
that it did a few years ago, the
number of attacks has begun to
grow again.
As American and Iraqi negotia-
tors begin a new round of stra-
The Parliament in
January insisted that
U.S. forces withdraw.
tegic talks on Thursday, the ques-
tion of how to respond to the Is-
lamic State’s quiet resurgence —
and how much American help is
required to do so — will be at the
center of the discussion.
There are about 5,200 American
troops in Iraq, whose main mis-
sions are counterterrorism and
training Iraqi forces.
The Trump administration,
which sees the American pres-
ence as crucial for tamping down
the resurgence of ISIS and as a
bulwark against Iranian power in
Iraq, wants to keep a substantial
force there.
“We’re going to continue to
maintain forces as long as the
Iraqi government is willing to
have U.S. and coalition forces
present in the country until the en-
during defeat of Daesh is accom-
plished, and it’s not yet accom-
plished,” James F. Jeffrey, the
American special envoy to the re-
gion, said in a briefing on Friday,
using the Arabic acronym for
ISIS. “That’s our policy.”
But there has been pressure on
both sides to reduce the American
military presence.
Congress has increasingly
questioned the continued Ameri-
can troop presence in Iraq.
The Pentagon is reluctant to
keep more than the absolute min-
imum of troops there because
they have been attacked by Irani-
Alissa J. Rubin reported from
Makeshifa, Iraq; and Lara Jakes
and Eric Schmitt from Washing-
ton. Falih Hassan contributed re-
porting from Makeshifa.
After 34 Years, ‘Reasonable Evidence’ Points to Killer of a Swedish Leader
By THOMAS ERDBRINK
and CHRISTINA ANDERSON
Bedeviled for over 34 years by
the mysterious killing of Olof
Palme, the Swedish prime min-
ister who was shot in the back by
an unknown assailant on a quiet
Stockholm street, Sweden’s judi-
ciary finally made its case on
Wednesday.
At a news conference in Stock-
holm, the prosecutor Krister Pe-
tersson said that there was “rea-
sonable evidence” that the assail-
ant was Stig Engstrom, a graphic
designer at an insurance com-
pany, who killed himself in 2000, at
the age of 66. He added that only a
court could rule on whether Mr.
Engstrom was guilty or not, but
that since the suspect is deceased,
there would be no court case.
But the prosecutor said he could
not rule out the possibility that Mr.
Engstrom had acted as part of a
larger conspiracy.
Mr. Palme was killed on a cold
February night in 1986 after leav-
ing a movie theater in Stockholm
with his wife, Lisbeth. The assas-
sination shocked Sweden and
evolved into one of the country’s
greatest mysteries.
He was a liberal, socialist ideal-
ist who fought against perceived
injustice around the world, earn-
ing him a long list of enemies, par-
ticularly in South Africa, where he
was a determined foe of apart-
heid. At the height of the Cold War,
he sought a “third way” between
East and West, and he opposed
the war in Vietnam.
Mr. Petersson said he had
reached his conclusions after an
exhaustive investigation that he
compared to those of the Kennedy
assassination and the downing of
Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie,
Scotland.
It was hardly a surprise, howev-
er, as the Swedish case was widely
considered solved in 2018 by a
an-backed militias. An attack on
an Iraqi base in March killed three
soldiers of the American-led mili-
tary coalition in Iraq, two of them
Americans, and wounded 14.
Since then, the military has con-
solidated its troops on fewer
bases. Separately, the training
mission has been suspended for
the last few months because of
concerns about the coronavirus.
Pentagon officials believe they
can do the job with roughly half
the current American force and
have plans to reduce the number
of troops in Iraq to 2,500 to 3,000,
but have no fixed numbers or
timetable. Other members of the
29-country American-led military
coalition have already cut their
numbers in half, to about 1,200
troops, because of the coronavirus
pandemic.
On the Iraqi side, the country’s
Parliament, furious over the
American airstrikes in Iraq that
killed an Iranian military leader
and several Iraqi officials, passed
a resolution in January demand-
ing the withdrawal of American
forces.
On Monday, the influential na-
tionalist Shiite cleric, Moktada al-
Sadr, called on the United States to
withdraw and end its “aggressive
and highhanded behavior toward
the world.”
The Iraqi government has not
acted on the parliamentary reso-
lution, which was nonbinding, and
the Iraqi military is reluctant to
have the American troops leave
altogether. While the Iraqis say
they can do the fighting on the
ground themselves, they say they
still need help in reconnaissance,
air support and training.
The talks starting Thursday,
which last occurred in 2018, will
touch on “all strategic issues be-
tween our two countries,” Secre-
tary of State Mike Pompeo said in
announcing them in April, includ-
ing the presence of the American
forces and “how best to support an
independent and sovereign Iraq.”
But hovering over the discus-
sion is a third country, Iran, which
wields powerful influence in Iraq
that the United States wants to to
see reduced.
The United States would like to
see diminished economic ties be-
tween Iraq and Iran, and less Ira-
nian influence over the Iraqi secu-
rity forces, while Iraq would like
stronger guarantees that the
United States will not provoke a
conflict with Iran on Iraqi soil.
The two countries came per-
ilously close to war after the
American airstrike that killed
Maj. Gen. Qassim Suleimani, the
head of Iran’s elite Quds Force, at
the Baghdad airport in January.
In addition to discussion of the
American military presence, the
strategic talks, which will be con-
ducted online and are expected to
continue for several months, will
also cover energy and the econ-
omy.
The Americans want to help ex-
Prime Minister Olof Palme, above right, and his wife had just left the Grand movie theater, left, in
Stockholm on a cold February night in 1986 when the prime minister was shot in the back.
freelance journalist, Thomas Pet-
tersson, whose reporting led to
Mr. Engstrom.
Mr. Pettersson, the journalist,
found a link between the killer and
a weapons collector, a former mili-
tary man who detested Mr. Palme
and his socialist ideals. Mr. Peters-
son, the prosecutor, said that in
2017, the police found a weapon at
the collector’s house matching the
one that could have been used in
the prime minister’s killing. But
officials could not establish defini-
tively that the gun was the murder
weapon.
The prosecutor did not name
the weapons dealer, as he is not a
suspect. He also said the journal-
ist’s findings had played no role in
the investigation. But he allowed
that “he came up with the same
ideas we have came up with.”
There has been widespread
criticism about the way the
Swedish judiciary and the police
have handled the case over the
past decades. The mystery en-
dured through six investigations
THE NEW YORK TIMES INTERNATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Iraqi and American army officers, top, in Nineveh, Iraq, in March, at a ceremony marking a drawdown of coalition troops in the area.
Iraq’s prime minister, Mustafa al-Kadhimi, above at left, said the army would target the Islamic State in the north, where there has
been a rise in violence. In the photo at left, Mosul displays the scars of fighting between ISIS and Iraqi special forces.
pand Iraq’s oil and gas industry, at
least partly to help wean Iraq off
Iranian energy. Iraq, which has
the world’s fifth-largest proven
crude oil reserves, often relies on
Iran for gas and electricity.
The Iraqi purchases help un-
dermine the American sanctions,
which are aimed at placing “maxi-
mum pressure” on Iran to force it
to accept a new nuclear agree-
ment and meet other American
demands.
A priority for all three countries
is eradicating the Islamic State, a
Sunni terrorist group that at its
peak controlled territory the size
of Britain straddling Iraq and Syr-
ia.
A four-year battle by a combina-
tion of American, Kurdish and Ira-
nian-backed forces drove ISIS
from the territory, leading Presi-
dent Trump to declare victory
over the group last year. The bat-
tlefield losses decimated its com-
mand and control and sharply re-
duced its attacks in Iraq and Syria.
But the attacks began to re-
bound over the last year and have
increased steadily since the mid-
TT NEWS AGENCY/VIA REUTERS
and three commissions over the
years, but Mr. Engstrom eluded
suspicion though he had
presented himself to the police as
a witness to the killing.
As the cast of suspects waxed
and waned, the case spawned nu-
merous theories linking his death
to dark, global conspiracies.
It was Mr. Pettersson, a free-
lance journalist based in Gothen-
burg, who discovered that Mr. En-
gstrom had worked in a building
near the theater where Mr. Palme
was shot and had said he was
present at the scene.
The journalist also found that
Mr. Engstrom had been active in a
shooting club, that he had political
and private motives for killing Mr.
Palme and that his personality
matched a police profile of the
likely killer. Mr. Engstrom was 52
at the time of the killing, and was
frustrated with his lot in life.
“He had not advanced at his
job,” Mr. Pettersson said in an in-
terview. “He didn’t get the posi-
tions he felt he deserved. No fam-
IVOR PRICKETT FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
dle of 2019, according to data com-
piled by Michael Knights and Alex
Almeida of the Washington Insti-
tute for Near East Policy.
“The U.S. is looking in the
wrong place if they are looking for
the attacks we saw in 2014, if they
are looking for mass casualties in
cities, but the fact that ISIS hasn’t
done that is a choice,” Mr. Knights
said. In addition to small-scale at-
tacks, ISIS is “trying to create ru-
ral bastions,” he said.
Mr. Jeffrey, the American spe-
cial envoy to the region, agreed
that the Islamic State “remains a
resilient and significant threat.”
“Given the history of ISIS, also
given the history of the organiza-
tion that spawned ISIS initially, Al
Qaeda with 9/11, everybody
should be careful and cautious
and on their guard to simply write
off a terrorist movement with the
pedigree of ISIS,” he told report-
ers in Washington last week.
The Islamic State is re-estab-
lishing itself in the largely Sunni
areas where it began 17 years ago,
in the provinces of Salahuddin,
Anbar, Diyala, Kirkuk and Nine-
JACK MIKRUT/TT NEWS AGENCY, VIA AGENCE
FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
ily. No prospects in sight. So he
was kind of a disappointed man at
that point of his life.
“But he also had a drive to be
recognized,” Mr. Pettersson add-
ed. “To make something great of
himself. He enjoyed every second
of being in the media.”
At the time of the killing, inves-
tigators were focused on the sus-
pected complicity of Kurdish mili-
tants, and Mr. Engstrom was not
taken seriously, according to Mr.
Pettersson.
Mr. Pettersson said he had in-
vestigated the case for 13 years
before concluding that Mr. En-
gstrom was the killer.
“He has the right timing, the
right clothing; he has unique in-
formation, he lied, he had close ac-
cess to guns of the right type,” Mr.
Pettersson said. “He was right-
wing and Palme unfriendly,” he
added.
Mr. Pettersson handed his find-
ings to the police in 2017, and they
reopened their investigation of
Mr. Engstrom on the basis of that
veh.
The first targets were remote
police or militia checkpoints and
targeted killings of low-level local
officials who refused to cooperate
with ISIS demands. As Iraqi secu-
rity forces were diverted to help
enforce curfews and lockdowns to
control the coronavirus this year,
the Islamic State gained more
freedom to operate.
Perhaps more than other Iraqis,
those living in areas where the Is-
lamic State is re-establishing itself
want the American military to
stay.
Sheikh Shaalan al-Karim, a for-
mer member of Parliament and a
senior figure in the tribe that was
attacked by ISIS in the village of
Makeshifa last month, says that
the Iraqi government cannot com-
bat ISIS alone.
He said families with ties to the
Islamic State who had been
banned from returning were pay-
ing bribes to come back to their
homes in the area.
But the biggest problem, he
said, is how Sunni Muslims, the
minority religious group in Iraq,
material. Mr. Petersson, the pros-
ecutor, led a small team of detec-
tives who took DNA from relatives
of Mr. Engstrom, searched his for-
mer house and interrogated sev-
eral people the police had not
heard from before.
But as with other leads in what
is sometimes described as one of
the world’s longest police inquir-
ies, the findings of the journalist
highlighted major blunders by the
Swedish police.
From the first minute that fatal
evening, mistakes were made,
said Inga-Britt Ahlenius, a former
under secretary general of the
United Nations, who was a mem-
ber of the last of three committees
scrutinizing the police investiga-
tion.
“It was a failure from the start,”
she said in a phone interview. “Ev-
erything went wrong.”
The crime scene wasn’t fenced
off from the public, the alarm
came late, there was chaos in the
situation room and reports were
not properly documented, she
said.
A year was lost, and Mr. En-
gstrom was never questioned.
“When I now read the docu-
mentation, he early on presented
himself as an important witness,”
Ms. Ahlenius said.
Mr. Engstrom’s former wife,
whom he divorced in 1999, dis-
missed the idea of his involvement
in the killing of the prime minister.
“It is out of the question,” she
told the newspaper Expressen in
2018. “He was not that kind of per-
son, that’s for sure. He was too
much of a coward. He wouldn’t
harm a fly.” The Swedish news
media are not identifying her by
name.
A known petty criminal called
Christer Pettersson (no relation to
the journalist) was jailed for life in
1989 over the assassination, but
he won an appeal later that year
N A11
ABDULLAH RASHID/REUTERS
EPA, VIA SHUTTERSTOCK
are treated by the Shiite-domi-
nated government.
The battle against ISIS devas-
tated many Sunni areas. Sons and
brothers of ISIS fighters who were
killed or imprisoned are looking
for revenge. Sunni families who
were marginally supportive of the
Islamic State are often treated
with suspicion, have trouble get-
ting jobs and some then are drawn
back to ISIS for financial reasons.
Much of the policing in Sheikh
al-Karim’s Sunni area of Salahud-
din Province is overseen by Shiite
militias.
“If we put ISIS and the militias
on a scale,” he said, “they are the
same because ISIS kills and steals
and blows up innocent people, and
in return the militias do the same
thing. ISIS has the Sunni cover
and the militias have the Shiite
cover.
“The American presence in
Iraq is very important, and not
only in these areas but for the
whole of Iraq, and as for Salahud-
din Province we hope for the
American presence today, not to-
morrow.”
and died in 2004.
Mr. Engstrom even testified in
defense of Christer Pettersson.
“In some ways it was a stroke of
genius, because Engstrom placed
himself as a witness,” said Mr. Pet-
tersson, the journalist. “Each time
he told his story, he established
himself as a witness and made it
more difficult for the real wit-
nesses of the crime scene and in-
vestigators.”
The case was always a magnet
for conspiracy theories, many of
them related to Mr. Palme’s politi-
cal credentials as an idealist who
fought for perceived victims of in-
justice, particu-
larly in the de-
veloping world.
South Africa
loomed large in
theories of his
killing because
Sweden be-
came a conduit
for clandestine
Stig Engstrom financial sup-
port to foes of
the white government in Pretoria.
After the collapse of apartheid in
1990, a white former security offi-
cer, Col. Eugene de Kock, alleged
that an agent of the apartheid gov-
ernment had murdered Mr. Palme
because of his stance against ra-
cial segregation.
But that was only one of many
theories.
At one time or another, the
killing was linked to a shadowy
arms deal with India, a secretive
Italian masonic lodge and Chilean
fascists supposedly taking re-
venge for Mr. Palme’s opposition
to Gen. Augusto Pinochet’s re-
gime.
In the end, the Swedish judicia-
ry says, it was all the work of one
man, Mr. Engstrom.
His motive?
Mr. Pettersson, the journalist:
“He wanted attention.”
A12
Calls Grow
For Biden
To Choose
Black Woman
By KATIE GLUECK
Early last month, about a dozen lead-
ing black activists and Democratic politi-
cal strategists joined a private call with
Joseph R. Biden Jr. in which they made
the case for selecting an African-Ameri-
can running mate.
Building on a public letter signed by
African-American women across the
country, the group outlined how a black
vice-presidential pick could help the
campaign expand and energize the Afri-
can-American electorate, according to
people on the call.
Mr. Biden spoke in broad strokes
about the qualities he was looking for in a
vice president, and he did not make any
commitment. But participants came
away believing that they had opened a
substantive line of communication with
the presumptive Democratic presiden-
tial nominee, who had already promised
to select a woman as his running mate.
One month later, amid a national reck-
oning over racism and police brutality,
the subject of that private discussion has
taken on more public urgency at every
level of the Democratic Party. Longtime
lawmakers and young liberal activists,
state party officials and Biden loyalists
have been increasingly vocal about their
view that in a moment of extraordinary
national upheaval over race, Mr. Biden
must give deeper consideration to plac-
ing a black woman on the ticket.
“I think there will be some pressure,”
said Chuck Hagel, who served as defense
secretary in the administration of Presi-
dent Barack Obama and before that as a
Republican senator from Nebraska, and
who is supporting Mr. Biden. “If there’s a
problem — injustice, inequality — would-
n’t it be smart to pick an African-Ameri-
can woman as your running mate?
There’s a strong argument there. I think
that the strength of that argument has
just accelerated.”
Mr. Hagel, who served with Mr. Biden
in the Senate and is friends with former
Senator Christopher J. Dodd — a mem-
ber of Mr. Biden’s vice-presidential
search committee — said he was offering
his assessment of the unfolding political
dynamics and not making any personal
recommendation. But it is a view shared
by a growing number of Biden support-
ers of diverse ages, races and political
backgrounds.
Some note that Mr. Biden’s seemingly
moribund candidacy early in the Demo-
cratic primary campaign was reinvigo-
rated by black voters.
“His campaign got revived because of
the African-American community,” said
Gilberto Hinojosa, the chairman of the
Texas Democratic Party. “I just think it
would be the right thing to do.”
Others speak of the need to energize
young voters of color who were unin-
spired by the 2016 Democratic presiden-
tial ticket, warning that summer protests
in the streets are not guaranteed to
translate into votes in November. And in-
creasingly, many are arguing that for a
presidential candidate who values expe-
rience in a running mate, personal famil-
iarity with navigating the most searing
issues confronting the nation should be a
relevant qualification.
“Just like in ’08 — when President
Obama selected someone that would
help him govern, someone that could hit
the ground running on recovery efforts
in ’09 — when Joe Biden is elected in No-
vember, his running mate, the next vice
president, would hit the ground running
to address the crisis we have in our na-
tion,” said Clay Middleton, a member of
the Democratic National Committee and
a well-known South Carolina strategist.
“Of the plight of African-Americans, and
Florida Becomes Republicans’ Leading Contender for New Convention Site
By MAGGIE HABERMAN
and ANNIE KARNI
Republicans expect to move their na-
tional convention from Charlotte, N.C., to
Jacksonville, Fla., a shift planned after
President Trump told officials in North
Carolina that he did not want to use so-
cial distancing measures aimed at halt-
ing the spread of the coronavirus, ac-
cording to three senior Republicans.
The decision could change, the Repub-
licans cautioned, but as of now, officials
are on track to announce the new loca-
tion as early as Thursday.
Jacksonville has been Republicans’
top choice for days, after Mr. Trump told
the governor of North Carolina, Roy Coo-
per, a Democrat, that he needed an an-
swer about whether Charlotte could ac-
commodate the convention in August
with a promise that there would not be
social distancing.
Jacksonville is the most populous city
in Florida, where Ron DeSantis, a Re-
publican and an ally of Mr. Trump, is the
governor. Jacksonville’s mayor, Lenny
Curry, is a longtime Republican official.
Once they decided to uproot the con-
vention, Mr. Trump’s aides and Republi-
can officials had wanted to relocate to a
state, and a city, controlled by Republi-
cans. Jacksonville also may have enough
hotel rooms to accommodate the gather-
ing, people familiar with the discussions
Pointing to the need to
energize young voters of
color in November.
law enforcement, police reform, a pleth-
ora of issues.”
Among those on the private call last
month with Mr. Biden were the Demo-
cratic strategists Donna Brazile, Leah D.
Daughtry, Minyon Moore and Karen
Finney; the lawyer and media person-
ality Star Jones; Roslyn M. Brock, the
chairman emeritus of the national board
of directors for the N.A.A.C.P.; and a
lengthy list of activists in civil rights, la-
bor and other issues, according to a read-
out intended for women who had signed
the original petition. Mr. Biden’s cam-
paign manager, Jennifer O’Malley Dil-
lon, and two senior advisers, Anita Dunn
and Symone D. Sanders, were also listed
as participants, as was Representative
Lisa Blunt Rochester, a Delaware Demo-
crat and a member of Mr. Biden’s vice-
presidential search committee. A Biden
spokesman declined to comment.
“In the moment of our deepest racial
division and crisis, really being able to
have a ticket that is as reflective of the
future and diversity of America as what
we’re seeing happen in the streets right
now — that, that is the opportunity,” said
A beach in Duval County. Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida.
said.
New reported cases of the coronavirus
are on the rise in both North Carolina and
Florida.
What exactly the event will look like
remains unclear. Conventions normally
last for four days, with thousands of
DEMETRIUS FREEMAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
LaTosha Brown, co-founder of the Black
Voters Matter Fund. “If there was a time
in America we needed the leadership of a
black woman, it is now.”
Ms. Brown, who was also listed as a
participant in the call with Mr. Biden, de-
clined to comment on the conversation,
but said of the campaign, “I think there’s
an openness to explore.”
Mr. Biden, 77, has been clear for
months about some of his criteria for a
running mate. He wants to choose some-
one with whom he is “simpatico” on ma-
jor issues and strategy, even if they dis-
agree on tactics. His vice president must
be prepared on “Day 1,” he has said, to
assume the presidency if need be. He
wants to have open conversations and a
strong level of trust with his running
mate, he has said, just as he and Mr.
Obama did.
He has also suggested he wants some-
one who will balance the ticket and who
“has capacities in areas that I do not,” he
said at a fund-raiser last month.
Mr. Biden’s closest allies — including
Representative James E. Clyburn, the
highest-ranking African-American in
Congress, who would prefer that Mr. Bi-
den choose a black woman — have been
careful to stress that ultimately Mr. Bi-
den must prioritize his personal connec-
tions to the contenders and be mindful of
polling and vetting. And in an interview
with CBS News’s Norah O’Donnell, Mr.
Biden said that the events of the past two
SAM THOMAS/REUTERS
party officials, delegates, donors, mem-
bers of the news media and others com-
ing together for speeches and votes.
Aides to Mr. Curry declined to com-
ment.
In a statement posted on Twitter, the
chairman of the Republican Party of
ANNA MONEYMAKER/THE NEW YORK TIMES
weeks “haven’t” affected his choice, “ex-
cept it’s put a greater focus and urgency
on the need to get someone who is totally
simpatico with where I am,” on matters
including “the systemic things that you
want to change.”
As part of a broader list, Mr. Biden is
thought to be considering a number of
black women. Senator Kamala Harris of
California; Representative Val Demings
of Florida; Stacey Abrams, the 2018
Democratic nominee for Georgia gover-
nor; Mayor Keisha Lance Bottoms of At-
lanta; and former National Security Ad-
viser Susan E. Rice are often discussed
among Mr. Biden’s allies.
Ms. Harris, a favorite of many Biden
donors, appeared at a virtual fund-raiser
with Mr. Biden on Tuesday. And amid the
unrest following the death of George
Floyd, a black man, at the hands of the
police, Ms. Demings — a former Orlando
chief of police — and Ms. Bottoms, who
has spoken out passionately against rac-
ism while seeking order in her city, have
caught fresh attention among some Bi-
den supporters and donors.
Some allies suggest that the upheaval
following Mr. Floyd’s killing has height-
ened the need for someone who can
speak to passionate concerns around
race, especially among a younger gener-
ation that Democrats need to turn out in
the fall. The African-American contend-
ers Mr. Biden is thought to be consider-
ing are substantially younger than he is.
Florida, Joe Gruters, said, “While no fi-
nal decision has been made by the RNC
we understand Jacksonville is a front-
runner. This certainly has been generat-
ing a lot of attention and excitement. We
continue to believe that Florida would be
the best place for the convention.”
Officials have said some party busi-
ness will still be conducted in North Car-
olina, even with the move, but that the
president’s nomination will be celebrat-
ed at the new site.
One idea being discussed is to have the
first lady speak on Tuesday, Vice Presi-
dent Mike Pence deliver a speech accept-
ing his nomination on Wednesday, and
Mr. Trump deliver his acceptance speech
on Thursday, a person familiar with the
discussions said.
But it remains unclear whether there
will be the typical slate of floor speeches
from Republicans looking to get atten-
tion for their own political futures. Under
Mr. Trump, the party has increasingly
functioned as a reflection of his desires.
The president is also set to return to
the campaign trail on June 19 with a rally
in Tulsa, Okla., for the first time since the
coronavirus outbreak forced most of the
country into quarantine, a campaign offi-
cial said Wednesday. There are unlikely
to be any social distancing measures, or
a requirement to wear masks.
Mr. Cooper had repeatedly told Mr.
THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Joseph R. Biden Jr. at a church in
Wilmington, Del., last week. Left,
Senator Kamala Harris is a possible
running mate. Far left, supporters of
Mr. Biden in Greenwood, S.C.
Senator Chris Coons, Democrat of Del-
aware and a close Biden ally, said the for-
mer vice president had seen weeks ago
that the national moment called for a
running mate who would help a Biden
administration embrace “a new genera-
tion of leadership.”
“The sharpness of this past week, after
the killing of George Floyd, I think
heightens it, but I think Joe saw that mo-
ment clearly before this,” Mr. Coons said
in an interview this month.
Mr. Biden and his team have long
heard from allies about their preferences
for the vice-presidential slot. As mem-
bers of his search committee have
started evaluating candidates in recent
weeks, they have also been in touch with
prominent party leaders.
“I’ve tried to give Vice President Bi-
den the best ideas that I have regarding
vice president,” said Harry Reid, the for-
mer Senate majority leader from Neva-
da. “More than advice, what I’m doing is
trying to respond to questions that they
have.”
In an interview late last month, Mr.
Reid said Mr. Dodd had called him that
day to discuss a particular candidate.
“We went over that person that I have
worked with, and everything I could
think of about her, I gave him,” said Mr.
Reid, who declined to name the candi-
date discussed that day.
Randi Weingarten, the president of the
American Federation of Teachers, said
she had also been contacted by the
search committee for her views. In an in-
terview, she said that there were a num-
ber of contenders who connect with com-
munities of color. Some early public
polling, for instance, has shown that Ms.
Warren, who is white, has strength
among some voters of color, and
throughout her presidential campaign
she repeatedly pressed plans to combat
racial and economic inequity.
Still, she said that she expected the
prospect of an African-American vice-
presidential pick has “become more of a
consideration” even as other candidates
remain in the running.
“It’s part of the symbolism,” she said.
“Of showing that you’re listening.”
Trump that it was too early to make any
promises about social distancing, and
state health officials said the Republican
National Committee and the host com-
mittee in Charlotte provided a requested
plan for safely holding the event.
Jacksonville is among the dozens of
cities and towns where protesters have
called for changes in the treatment of
black people by law enforcement. On
Tuesday, Mr. Curry walked with pro-
testers who were demonstrating outside
City Hall. Early Tuesday, city officials
took down a confederate statue there.
Party conventions are often the focus
of protests, and an event in Jacksonville
is unlikely to be an exception.
“It’s a little too early right now to plan,
but I can guarantee you’re going to see
some protesting,” said Isaiah Rumlin,
the president of the Jacksonville branch
of the N.A.A.C.P.
“This is a bad time for the president to
think of coming here to host the R.N.C.,”
Mr. Rumlin said, citing the fight to con-
tain the spread of the coronavirus and
the protests across the country against
police brutality and systemic racism.
Mr. Rumlin noted that there have been
multiple controversies in the city over
police shootings.
“All of this is going to come into play
with the rhetoric the president is going to
bring to Jacksonville,” he said.

Election
Senator Who Mocked Trump in 2016 May Be Saved by His Fealty in 2020
By ASTEAD W. HERNDON
CONWAY, S.C. — At the first
event for state Republicans since
the coronavirus shut down the
campaign trail, a send-off for a
longtime state party operative in
one of the most pro-Trump coun-
ties in South Carolina, there were
traces of both Lindsey Grahams.
“Grahamnesty!” shouted one
woman, using the mocking nick-
name critics have for the senator
because of his history of support-
ing comprehensive immigration
reform.
But given the firebrand con-
servatism Horry County is fa-
mous for, the skeptics were notice-
ably outnumbered. The wide-
spread opinion among those in at-
tendance was that Mr. Graham’s
close embrace of President Trump
had made the senator more popu-
lar than ever.
If there was any doubt, they
said, his passionate defense of the
Supreme Court justice Brett M.
Kavanaugh against accusations of
sexual assault was proof of Mr.
Graham’s Trumpian credentials,
never to be questioned again.
“The Kavanaugh hearing was a
turning point in this area,” said
Marcia Walker, 70, a county resi-
dent. “He stood up for what we felt
was right. And that was the kind of
representation we need, not the
wishy-washy stuff.”
“What happened to Lindsey
Graham?” is a favorite question of
political observers, but it is not
much of a mystery. His from an
outspoken critic of Mr. Trump dur-
Lindsey Graham’s
Democratic rival is
posing a new threat.
ing the 2016 campaign to one of his
staunchest allies in the Senate
mimics the changes in the main-
stream Republican Party, which
has married itself to the president
and his message after some initial
resistance.
The benefits of that decision are
evident in Horry County, a region
in the northeast corner of the state
that includes Myrtle Beach,
where Republicans who were
once skeptical of Mr. Graham now
embrace him fully.
But the potential risks of his
shift were evident in 2018, when
Democrats won over enough col-
lege-educated white voters and
disaffected Republicans to elect
Representative Joe Cunningham
in South Carolina’s First District,
Charleston’s ripple in the national
“blue wave” of that year’s
midterm elections.
Many of those voters partici-
pated in the Democratic presiden-
tial primary this past February. In
South Carolina, the Democratic
primary is typically associated
with black voters, but this year
white voters surged to an estimat-
ed 50 percent of the electorate.
They are critical to the hopes of
Jaime Harrison, the former state
Democratic Party chair who is
seeking to beat Mr. Graham. And
with the conclusion of South Car-
olina’s Senate primaries on Tues-
day night, Mr. Harrison and Mr.
Graham are now set to face off in
Seizing on Energy of Protests, N.B.A. Star Leads Push Against Voter Suppression
By JONATHAN MARTIN
WASHINGTON — The N.B.A.
superstar LeBron James and a
group of other prominent black
athletes and entertainers are
starting a new group aimed at pro-
tecting African-Americans’ voting
rights, seizing on the widespread
fury against racial injustice that
has fueled worldwide protests to
amplify their voices in this fall’s
presidential election.
“Because of everything that’s
going on, people are finally start-
ing to listen to us — we feel like
we’re finally getting a foot in the
door,” Mr. James said in a phone
interview on Wednesday. “How
long is up to us. We don’t know.
But we feel like we’re getting
some ears and some attention,
and this is the time for us to finally
make a difference.”
The organization, called More
Than a Vote, will partly be aimed
at inspiring African-Americans to
register and to cast a ballot in No-
vember. But as the name of the
group suggests, Mr. James and
other current and former basket-
ball stars — including Trae Young,
Skylar Diggins-Smith and Jalen
Rose — will go well beyond tradi-
tional celebrity get-out-the-vote
efforts.
Mr. James, 35, said he would use
his high-profile platform on social
media to combat voter suppres-
sion and would be vocal about
drawing attention to any attempts
to restrict the franchise of racial
minorities.
“Yes, we want you to go out and
vote, but we’re also going to give
you the tutorial,” Mr. James said.
“We’re going to give you the back-
ground of how to vote and what
November.
“As my Grandma always told
me, ‘Jaime, do what you can do
and control what you control,’ ”
Mr. Harrison said in an interview.
“And that’s mobilize the vote on
our side and appeal to people who
are moderate Republicans and in-
dependents.”
Yet even as Mr. Graham faces a
determined and well-financed
challenger, his strategy may pay
off.
In ruby-red South Carolina, he
has stuck close to the Republican
president, who is likely to win the
state in the general election. At
the event in Conway, Mr. Graham
announced that Mr. Trump had
just called him, drawing reverent
gasps and cheers from the audi-
ence.
Privately, some Democratic of-
ficials admit that while Mr. Gra-
ham’s conservative turn may be
off-putting in some parts of South
Carolina, it’s smart politics in a
statewide race.
Early public polling indicates
that Mr. Harrison still has an up-
hill climb, and Mr. Graham has a
slight advantage. Internal polling
from the state Republican Party
showed that Mr. Graham had be-
come South Carolina’s most popu-
lar official among Republican vot-
ers there. He used to rank among
the least popular.
“He started with a strong base
in Horry County, but it’s that rela-
tionship with President Trump,”
said State Representative Alan
Clemmons, who represents Con-
way in the Legislature. “It speaks
to his character, and I think in
Horry County we highly respect
that.”
An upset victory in South Car-
olina would have profound na-
tional implications for Democrats,
who are seeking to loosen Repub-
licans’ vise grip on the Senate. But
the campaign effort here is also
part of a larger project among lib-
erals seeking to make the Ameri-
can South more competitive, in
the hope that states like South
Carolina, Georgia and Texas will
eventually go the way of Virginia
and North Carolina, where Demo-
crats have seen success in recent
years.
Before the victory of Mr. Cun-
ningham, who declined a request
to be interviewed, the sole route to
prominence as a Democrat in
South Carolina went solely
through Representative James E.
Clyburn, the powerful House ma-
jority whip, who is even more in-
fluential on a local level.
Mr. Harrison, who was once an
aide for Mr. Clyburn, said he rec-
ognized the long odds of his task,
but believes he is well positioned
to win. He identified two things he
needed to do: Replicate Mr. Cun-
ningham’s success with white, col-
lege-educated voters, and in-
crease the share of the black elec-
torate by bringing in new voters.
Mr. Harrison, the first black
chairman of the state Democratic
Party and a former Washington
lobbyist, has toed a moderate line
when it comes to policy.
He has stayed away from issues
that have become litmus tests for
progressives, such as “Medicare
for all” and tuition-free college. In-
stead, his website speaks about is-
sues like health care and the stu-
dent loan crisis in broad, vague
terms, saying he supports “lower-
“This is the time for us to finally make a difference,” said the N.B.A. player LeBron James, who is
organizing a group called More Than a Vote to inspire black Americans to vote in November.
they’re trying to do, the other side,
to stop you from voting.”
He made no mention of Presi-
dent Trump, whom he has sharply
criticized in the past, but he repur-
posed Mr. Trump’s slogan to hail
America’s beauty, explaining, “We
want to be beautiful once again.”
The new organization repre-
sents Mr. James’s most significant
foray yet into electoral politics.
He has long said that he be-
lieves his greatest legacy will
come from his off-the-court
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina, has stuck close to the president despite
having called him a “kook” and “unfit for office” in 2016. He holds a slim lead over his Democratic
challenger, Jaime Harrison, below, who outraised him by $1.5 million in the first quarter of 2020.
ing the cost of health care for
those who already pay too much”
and making “college affordable
for anyone willing to work hard.”
In the interview, Mr. Harrison
hinted that he would need third-
party candidates to take votes
from Mr. Graham in the general
election. No matter Mr. Graham’s
best efforts, he speculated, the lin-
gering perception of him as insuf-
ficiently conservative could lead
to fractures among Republicans.
“Some of those folks just can’t
trust this guy because he’s been
on both sides of every issue,” Mr.
Harrison said. “There’s going to
be alternatives on the ballot this
fall. There’s a Constitution Party
person. There’s a Libertarian
Party person. And I think there’s
enough distrust, at the end of the
day, they’re not going to give him
their support.”
The race, once viewed as an af-
terthought as South Carolina fo-
cused on the Democratic presi-
dential primary, has slowly con-
sumed the state. Mr. Harrison out-
raised Mr. Graham in the first
achievements. He has poured mil-
lions into his native Ohio, helping
to underwrite college tuition for
low-income students to attend the
University of Akron and even
opening his own school in the city
for children in third through
eighth grade.
He has also delved into enter-
tainment, starting a media pro-
duction company with his close
friend Maverick Carter that has
produced an HBO series, “The
Shop,” in which the two men con-
PHOTOGRAPHS BY TRAVIS DOVE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
quarter of 2020, bringing in more
than $7 million. Mr. Graham
raised just over $5.5 million,
though he had about $4 million
more cash on hand from previous
fund-raising efforts.
Last month, Mr. Harrison got
some help when an anti-Graham
super PAC premiered its first ad-
vertisement, which highlighted
some of Mr. Graham’s previous
anti-Trump statements. A spokes-
man for the super PAC said that it
had secured more than $1 million
in donations to air the ad, and that
it had placed a six-figure digital
buy.
But as some national critics of
Mr. Graham have denounced him
in increasingly personal terms,
Mr. Harrison has stayed away, re-
lying on outside groups to pelt Mr.
Graham with negative advertise-
ments. At campaign events — ex-
clusively virtual at the moment —
he has focused on introducing
himself to his state, where he is
less recognizable than his oppo-
nent. “You’re probably here be-
cause you don’t like Lindsey Gra-
BRANDON DILL/GETTY IMAGES
duct casual interviews in a barber
shop. Mr. James has also under-
written a series of documentaries.
Until now, though, his political
involvement has mostly been lim-
ited to speaking out on social me-
dia and appearing at a single rally
late in Hillary Clinton’s 2016 presi-
dential campaign.
The death last month of George
Floyd at the hands of the Minne-
apolis police, however, helped con-
vince Mr. James that he needed
“to get out and do a little bit more.”
ham,” he has said at some cam-
paign events, “but I want you to
leave here loving your alterna-
tive.”
Dick Wilkerson, a former Mi-
chelin executive who was on the
finance team for Mr. Graham’s
short-lived presidential run in
2016, has decided to back Mr. Har-
rison. He said Mr. Graham’s em-
brace of Mr. Trump had been
enough to repel him, but that he
was actively supporting Mr. Har-
rison because of his constituent-
focused message.
“I chose to publicly endorse
Jaime because of who he is,” Mr.
Wilkerson said. “And I chose to
publicly announce that I won’t
support Senator Graham because
of who he has become.”
State Republican leaders, many
of whom know Mr. Harrison from
his work as Democratic chairman,
praise his character. But they
warn of a barrage from Mr. Gra-
ham and his Republican allies,
who have yet to unleash negative
advertisements that could affect
his image in the state.
Invoking the names of an earli-
er generation of athletes who
called for social justice, Mr.
James, a forward for the Los An-
geles Lakers, said he wanted to be
a model for future generations.
“I’m inspired by the likes of Mu-
hammad Ali, I’m inspired by the
Bill Russells and the Kareem Ab-
dul-Jabbars, the Oscar Rob-
ertsons — those guys who stood
when the times were even way
worse than they are today,” Mr.
James said. “Hopefully, someday
down the line, people will recog-
nize me not only for the way I ap-
proached the game of basketball,
but the way I approached life as an
African-American man.”
The group, which will be orga-
nized as a 501(c)4 nonprofit orga-
nization and therefore not engage
in specific advocacy for a candi-
date, is still coming together, but
Mr. James said he had found only
willing ears in his recruiting con-
versations.
“I’m sick of seeing unarmed
black men killed by the police,”
said Ms. Diggins-Smith, a guard
for the Phoenix Mercury, adding
that she wanted “to put some ac-
tion behind my frustrations, be-
hind my anger, behind the help-
lessness that I’ve been feeling.”
For Mr. James and the other or-
ganizers, part of their motivation
is to combat apathy among black
voters. Older African-Americans
are historically reliable voters,
but in 2016 there was a drop-off
with younger black voters, partic-
ularly men.
Mr. Young, a 21-year-old break-
out star with the Atlanta Hawks,
said he was hoping to be a “role
model for my generation.”
N A13
Karen Floyd, a former chair-
woman of the state Republican
Party and the publisher of an up-
scale women’s magazine, said Mr.
Cunningham was able to success-
fully untether himself from the na-
tional Democratic Party in 2018.
But she doubted whether Mr. Har-
rison could achieve the same feat,
saying Mr. Graham remained pop-
ular with audiences like her read-
ership and arguing that Mr. Harri-
son was an unknown quantity.
“Lindsey Graham commands
that audience,” she said, “because
he’s logical, he’s done a good job
messaging well, and in crisis situ-
ations he tends to be levelheaded.”
Mr. Harrison has already re-
ceived one big break — at the top
of the Democratic ticket. Former
Vice President Joseph R. Biden
Jr., the presumptive Democratic
nominee, is not expected to win
South Carolina in the general elec-
tion, but his allies in the state be-
lieve he could do better there than
any Democrat in recent memory.
Mr. Biden amassed nearly 50
percent of the vote in the state’s
Democratic primary in February,
almost 30 percentage points more
than his nearest rival, Senator
Bernie Sanders of Vermont.
The progressive upheaval
pitched by Mr. Sanders and Sena-
tor Elizabeth Warren of Massa-
chusetts during the primary
would not have worked for the elu-
sive “Cunningham voter” whom
state Democrats talk about, said
Dick Harpootlian, a state senator
from Richland and Lexington
counties who has endorsed Mr. Bi-
den.
But the former vice president
appeals to ideological moderates
and has a rapport with black elec-
torates, mirroring the balance Mr.
Harrison is seeking to strike.
“Biden plays very well in South
Carolina,” Mr. Harpootlian said.
“In my district, would they have
voted for Bernie Sanders? No. Did
they vote for Hillary Clinton?
Would they have voted for Eliza-
beth Warren? No.”
He added a word of caution for
Mr. Harrison: “If you’re going to
win South Carolina, you can’t be a
national liberal Democrat.”
But all of this — the money and
organization, the super PAC, the
electoral coattails of Mr. Biden,
and the defections of former do-
nors — does not make South Car-
olina stop being South Carolina. It
is a Republican state, and Mr. Gra-
ham has the added benefit of a
head start, universal name recog-
nition and newfound party clout
with a president who prizes loy-
alty.
In a news conference before the
Horry County event, Mr. Graham
laughed when asked if he was
worried about his Democratic
challenger. “I feel good about my
re-election. Go vote,” Mr. Graham
said curtly. Tim Scott, his fellow
senator, took the microphone to
interject.
“We need leadership, positive
leadership, that’s not there for Re-
publicans or Democrats, African-
Americans or white folks, who are
there for South Carolina,” Mr.
Scott said. “Because we are South
Carolina strong, and a strong
South Carolina will respond in
kind by supporting Lindsey Gra-
ham.”
“What he said,” Mr. Graham
quipped, before walking away.
“If people my age see that I’m
going out and I’m voting and I’m
talking,” he said, “maybe the next
21-year-old will.”
On Monday, Mr. James con-
vened a call that included Mr.
Rose, the Detroit-raised former
N.B.A. star; Ms. Diggins-Smith;
Draymond Green, a forward for
the Golden State Warriors and an-
Black athletes and
entertainers uniting
to safeguard rights.
other Michigan native; Udonis
Haslem, a longtime Miami Heat
forward who is from Florida; and
the N.F.L. running back Alvin Ka-
mara, who is from Georgia. Mr.
James has also gotten a commit-
ment from the comedian Kevin
Hart, a Philadelphia native, and is
speaking to a number of musi-
cians.
It is Mr. James, though, who has
the loudest megaphone. His social
media following is unequaled
among American athletes: He has
over 136 million followers be-
tween his Twitter, Facebook and
Instagram accounts (just over 137
million people voted in the 2016
presidential election).
Now, he said, it’s time for his ad-
mirers to do their part.
“There’s a lot of people that
want change in the black commu-
nity,” Mr. James said, adding, “if
you actually don’t put in the work
or if you don’t have the mind-set,
there’s never going to be change.”
A14 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

No Stranger to Grief, or Consolation

From Page A1
this moment — a national uproar over le-
thal police violence, a coronavirus death
toll in the United States that has sur-
passed 112,000 — Mr. Biden is plainly
staking his presidential bid on his capaci-
ty to heal. On Monday, he met with the
family of George Floyd, a black man
whose death at the hands of the police
sparked wide-scale protests over racism
and police brutality. Mr. Biden also re-
corded a video for Mr. Floyd’s Tuesday
funeral service.
“Jill and I know the deep hole in your
hearts when you bury a piece of your
soul deep in this earth,” Mr. Biden said in
the message. “Unlike most, you must
grieve in public. And it’s a burden. A bur-
den that is now your purpose”
Throughout the first months of the co-
ronavirus pandemic, as he campaigned
from his home in Wilmington, Del., he
was often overshadowed by President
Trump and his bully pulpit. But even
then, Mr. Biden’s most memorable ap-
pearances tended to center on grief.
He marked 100,000 virus deaths with a
video that resembled an Oval Office ad-
dress to the nation, empathizing with
grieving families and sharing advice
about coping. His first public appearance
after two months of virtual campaigning
came on Memorial Day, when he wore a
black mask to pay respects to the war
dead.
And in March, he nearly gave out his
phone number on national television,
urging anyone struggling with grief to
get in touch. “Not that I’m an expert,” he
said. “But just, having been there.”
In this age of staggering national loss,
2008 | REPRESENTATIVE TOM LANTOS 1990 | AUTHOR AND ACADEMIC DR. NASROLLAH FATEMI
his admirers say, it is Mr. Biden’s experi-
ence as a kind of emissary of bereave-
ment — a man who has been there and
can speak with credibility about what
comes next — that illustrates his most
powerful contrast with Mr. Trump.
Mr. Biden perhaps never sounds more
forceful than when accusing the presi-
dent of having no “empathy.”
“This country right now is in a lot of
pain and really scared for a lot of differ-
ent reasons,” said Meghan McCain, a
daughter of the Republican senator John
S. McCain, whom Mr. Biden eulogized in
2018 and whom Mr. Trump delighted in
savaging before and after his death. “It’s
hard not to juxtapose someone who
seems to get pleasure out of other peo-
ple’s pain and another person whose in-
stinct and visceral reaction is to try and
make it stop.”
Taken together, the eulogies also sup-
ply a portrait of Mr. Biden in his purest
form: espousing a throwback value set
premised on his own ideas of “dignity,”
“style” and “nobility,” three favored
nouns across the decades; revering the
clubhouse norms of a bygone Washing-
ton; fixating on what it means to be “a
good man” (“the highest praise you can
give”), an Irishman (“I don’t think
there’s any point in being Irish,” he said,
borrowing from Daniel Patrick Moyni-
han, “if you don’t know that the world is 1994 | MABEL BLAZER JACOBS
going to break your heart eventually”) — JILL BIDEN’S GRANDMOTHER
and what it means to be a Biden.
“We loved him because his instincts
were good, because he was a man of hon-
or, because he was a Biden,” Mr. Biden
wrote in his 2002 eulogy for his father. “A
dreamer burdened with reality, a sensi-
tive spirit layered in stoicism.”
the dead, warmly referring to “your dad” guests. “Hundreds and hundreds of peo- “I promise you, I give you my word, I and strips a man of everything but gen-
This self-definition, accurate as any
or “your mom.” “You’ve got good blood,” ple, many of them just sobbing, grief- promise you, this I know,” he said at Mr. ius and virtue.”
friend could conjure, may be missing
he tells them. In the compilation of eulo- stricken,” Ms. Balick said. “And Joe com- McCain’s memorial, 35 years later. “That “The truth and genius and virtue of
only one beat: a person who would say
gies through 2008 — a document pro- forted them as they left the church.” day will come.” Strom Thurmond,” Mr. Biden said, “is
all this about himself in public.
The eloquent, sometimes lyrical Mr. vided by Mr. Biden’s campaign and inde- In the decades since, Mr. Biden has what I choose, and we all choose, to re-
Biden who animated these pages over pendently described by several former been quick to remind his audiences that Validating the Dead member today.”
the years was rarely glimpsed on the ma- aides — Mr. Biden often nodded to the healing process can be uneven, It is that instinct that makes a Biden
spouses by recounting their marriages speaking of the “black hole” that can As he began speaking about Strom eulogy “the clearest expression of his
jor stages of the 2020 primary race, Thurmond in 2003, Mr. Biden wondered
where he often meandered and mis- with a love poem from the 16th-century linger long after a death. worldview,” said Jeff Nussbaum, a for-
writer Christopher Marlowe. Addressing grieving military families aloud why he was there. mer speechwriter, defining this outlook
stepped. His gift for compassion more of- “I’ll never figure him out,” he said, jok-
ten served him in the hours Mr. Biden, Carol Balick was one of those spouses in 2012, Mr. Biden described becoming as: “Try to find that which is worth cele-
to hear a Biden eulogy — he spoke at a furious with his God after the accident. ing that his speech was the “last laugh”
now 77, spent with voters afterward. brating, or at least recognizing, in oth-
memorial service for her husband, Sid for the once-proud segregationist. “What
The Biden of the rope line — by turns “You can’t be good,” he recalled think- ers.”
else could explain a Northeast liberal’s
exuberant and empathetic, a backslap- Balick, in 2017, decades after Mr. Balick ing, through gritted teeth. “How can you Mr. Nussbaum recalled the “impolitic
presence here as the only outsider
ping, gregarious senator at heart — is hired Mr. Biden as a young lawyer. The be good?” He came to understand, he observation” about “Irish Alzheimer’s,”
speaking today?”
very much recognizable in his eulogies. couple knew Mr. Biden before the rest of said, how someone could contemplate an imagined condition where all is for-
One explanation was straightforward:
He holds eye contact with widowed the country did, back when he lost his suicide. gotten but the grudges. “Joe Biden, when
The two had grown genuinely close over
spouses and children. He sands the first wife and daughter. He landed on a line for mourners that Mr. Biden’s decades in the Senate. it comes to eulogies, is the opposite,” he
rough edges in the biographies of the de- “I think about Joe just enveloped in has become his signature grieving ad- Another was implicit: Mr. Biden had a said. “He forgets the grudges and re-
ceased. He shouts out former colleagues grief in his life, just enveloped in grief, vice, dispensed to tearful voters on the habit of judging the dead as they had members only the positives.”
inclusively, the references landing now and how the privacy of grief was invaded campaign trail and repeated as recently hoped to be judged. Of course, this approach carries risk in
as heady signals of time’s march, with by his public responsibilities,” said Ms. as last month: the idea that a memory of And so, Mr. Biden ruled, Mr. Thur- other settings. Last year, Mr. Biden at-
Mr. Biden’s position at the microphone a Balick, 84, who attended Neilia and Na- the person who died will one day bring a mond was a “product of his time,” a tracted criticism for speaking warmly
rare constant through the years. omi’s memorial in December 1972. smile before a tear. He offered a version “brave man” who eventually “moved to about his working relationships with
“Lindsey, this one’s hard,” he said at Ms. Balick has retained an enduring of that message as he memorialized Sen- the good side.” segregationist senators.
Mr. McCain’s memorial, addressing Sen- image of that service: Mr. Biden at the ator Henry M. “Scoop” Jackson of Wash- He approximated a quote from More broadly, some Democrats see
ator Lindsey Graham, a longtime friend front door of the church afterward, a 30- ington in 1983, and has shared it many William Hazlitt, an English writer: Mr. Biden’s paeans to bipartisan civility
who has more recently become a Trump year-old senator-elect consoling his times over. “Death conceals everything but truth as dated and naïve amid the tribalism of
ally pushing to investigate the Biden
family.
“Fritz, he was one complex guy,” Mr.
Biden said to Senator Fritz Hollings in
2003, setting off on his most controver-
sial eulogy, for Senator Strom Thurmond
of South Carolina, who was for decades
an avowed segregationist.
Sixteen years later, Mr. Biden returned
to the state for another service. It was
time to eulogize Mr. Hollings.

Comforting the Living

“Another funeral,” Jill Biden wrote last
April in the subject line of an email to her
supervisor at Northern Virginia Commu-
nity College. Mr. Hollings had died that
weekend and Dr. Biden, an English pro-
fessor, was hoping for a day off.
“Joe is the eulogist,” she said. “Is it a
problem if I go on Tuesday, April 16?”
It was a familiar request, and one
quickly granted. Dr. Biden had raised
similar questions in recent months as
her husband was tapped to offer remarks
for Mr. McCain and John D. Dingell Jr.,
the longtime Michigan congressman.
Through the scores of eulogies he has
delivered, Mr. Biden has developed a
grim expertise that, combined with his
personal history, has produced a kind of
mission statement of mourning: “Funer-
als are for the living,” he wrote in one of
his memoirs.
Detailing the tics and triumphs of col-
leagues or loved ones, Mr. Biden pri-
oritizes acknowledging the children of
POOL PHOTO BY SUSAN WALSH

Kitty Bennett contributed research. Mr. Biden paused at his mother’s coffin after delivering her eulogy in 2010. Mr. Biden eulogized Senator Strom Thurmond of South Carolina in 2003.

2005 | POPE JOHN PAUL II
2000 | CHARLIE ROTH
LONGTIME FRIEND
the Trump age, even as allies hope he will
appeal to moderates disillusioned by the
president. Whatever the result, the eulo-
gies affirm how central this bearing is to
Mr. Biden’s self-identity. Several include
touches of performative marvel that he,
a Democrat, has come to compliment a
Republican.
His preference for compromise over
ideological rigidity has also seeped per-
ceptibly into his prose. “Our differences
were profound,” Mr. Biden said of Mr.
Thurmond, “but I came to understand
that as Archibald MacLeish wrote: ‘It is
not in the world of ideas that life is lived.
Life is lived, for better or worse, in life.’ ”
For those who have demonstrated
“courage” or “loyalty,” in Mr. Biden’s esti-
mation, a special commendation tends to
follow, particularly if a subject has
helped Mr. Biden at some political cost.
In eulogies for both Mr. Thurmond and
Senator Ted Kennedy, Mr. Biden saluted
them for defending his integrity as pla-
giarism accusations felled his 1988 presi-
dential run.
Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylva-
nia, a Republican for most of his career,
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
was recognized for cutting an advertise-
ment for Mr. Biden’s 1990 re-election.
“Do you know anyone who would do that
in politics?” Mr. Biden asked at Mr.
Specter’s memorial in 2012.
“He gave a deeply personal eulogy,”
Mr. Specter’s son Shanin said. “Maybe a
tad long — maybe a tad long — but that
was OK.”
Hallmarks of a Biden Eulogy
In the summer of 1991, Mr. Biden
scrawled out bullet points to memori-
alize his first father-in-law, Robert N.
Hunter.
He moved through the hallmarks of a
Biden remembrance — Shakespeare,
Emerson, self-deprecation. After jotting
down several pages of largely handwrit-
ten notes, he looked to a eulogy he had
given two years earlier for a close friend,
Pete McLaughlin, who died at 45.
“He did not choose his lot, but once it
was drawn, he showed us how a man
should play it,” Mr. Biden had written,
underlining the word “man.” “That is
Pete — and that is no ordinary man!”
This time, Mr. Biden crossed out
POOL PHOTO BY TIM DOMINICK
2002 | JOSEPH R. BIDEN, SR.
“Pete,” writing in “Mr. H.”
The echoes emphasized the layers of
loss that have shaded his life — and of-
fered a glimpse of the vocabulary of grief
he was assembling.
Over the years, Mr. Biden repurposed
his own words for multiple memorials,
demonstrating a fondness for certain lin-
guistic flourishes that became trade-
marks of his eulogies.
His father, Representative Tom Lantos
of California and Mr. McLaughlin were
all “larger than life,” in Mr. Biden’s
telling. When you were with them, he
said every time, “you knew you could
win” — a distinction shared with Dr. Bi-
den’s grandmother and at least two other
friends.
Though he recycled his most compel-
ling lines without apparent hesitation,
there is no evidence that Mr. Biden
sought to borrow from others without at-
tribution in his eulogies.
In fact, drawing on his own memory
and a weakness for Irish poetry, Mr. Bi-
den has at times brought an almost aca-
demic seriousness to his task.
Sometimes, this has meant informal
With President Barack Obama at the funeral for Beau Biden in 2015.
interviews with loved ones in a quest for
anecdotes. He once sent an aide to scour
a bookstore for “A Man for All Seasons,”
remembering a line he found relevant to
the life of a friend he was eulogizing.
And if his language has often repeated
over the years when describing the dead,
Mr. Biden’s sketches of himself have
rarely been generic.
Mr. Biden, as rendered by Mr. Biden, is
a particularly vivid character, un-
guarded and at times politically incau-
tious.
He has offered snapshots of a rowdy
adolescence, recalling a demolition
derby with Mr. McLaughlin on Route 202
or the story of a college friend, Don Brun-
ner, taking a fall with the campus police
for a young Mr. Biden, who was trying to
visit a romantic interest.
Eulogizing Mr. Brunner in 2004, Mr.
Biden remembered asking him to be-
come a roommate: “I said, ‘My name is
Joe Biden, you know I like you,’” he be-
gan, according to a transcript. “Thank
God he didn’t think I was gay.” (“He re-
grets this joke,” said Andrew Bates, a Bi-
den campaign spokesman, “and it does
DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
N A15
not in any way reflect his views about ad-
vancing and protecting the rights of the
L.G.B.T.Q. community.”)
Mr. Biden’s identity as a man of, by and
for the Senate shone through in eulogies
for Washington colleagues and child-
hood friends alike. There were the re-
quests for “a point of personal privilege”;
references to powerful contacts (“my
cellphone rang and it was Secretary of
State Powell”); and the mention of his
own prestigious posts.
“I was one of those folks they call a
‘chairman of the Foreign Relations Com-
mittee,’” he once said, apparently seek-
ing to add credibility to his praise of sev-
eral military leaders.
More than occasionally, memorial
services have coaxed arresting self-re-
flection out of Mr. Biden.
Eulogizing his first wife in 1972, he
suggested that she had shaped his per-
spective on race as a young man. Before
Neilia showed him the way, Mr. Biden
said, he was “probably one of those
phony liberals” who would “go out of
their way to be nice to a minority.”
“She made me realize I was making a
distinction,” he continued, at St. Mary
Magdalen church in Delaware. “But in
dealing with minorities, she made no
subtle condescending gestures.”
“I’m going to try to follow her exam-
ple,” he promised.
Wilmington’s The Morning News re-
ported that Mr. Biden maintained his
composure until the end of his speech,
when his “emotions enveloped him and
he hurriedly left the altar.”
It was a pain beyond compare, friends
say, until 43 years later, when Mr. Biden
returned to another Delaware church for
another service.
Beau Biden was an emerging political
star and his father’s protégé when he
learned he had glioblastoma — the same
disease that killed Mr. McCain and Mr.
Kennedy.
At the funeral, the elder Mr. Biden’s
two surviving children spoke. The Army
chief of staff, Ray Odierno, spoke. Presi-
dent Barack Obama spoke.
Mr. Biden, for once, remained in the
pews.
But from the vice president’s too-fa-
miliar perch — behind the lectern, before
an anguished audience — his boss sup-
plied one small comfort: a Biden-style
eulogy.
Mr. Obama spoke directly to Beau Bi-
den’s children.
The Obamas had “become part of the
Biden clan,” he said.
And with that, he instructed, came the
“Biden family rule.”
“We’re always here for you, we always
will be,” the president said. “My word as
a Biden.”
A16 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Election
Bungling or ‘by Design’? Trading Blame Over Georgia’s Election Chaos
By RICHARD FAUSSET
and REID J. EPSTEIN
ATLANTA — Before Georgia’s
embattled election officials can fix
a voting system that suffered a
spectacular collapse, leading to
absentee ballots that never got de-
livered and hourslong waits at
polling sites on Tuesday, they
must first figure out who is re-
sponsible.
As multiple investigations be-
gin into what went wrong, and as
Democrats accuse the state’s Re-
publicans of voter suppression, a
picture emerged Wednesday of a
systematic breakdown that both
revealed general incompetence
and highlighted some of the
thorny and specific challenges
that the coronavirus pandemic
may pose to elections officials na-
tionwide.
As it seeks answers, Georgia is
being roiled by a politically vola-
tile debate over whether the prob-
lems were the result of mere
bungling, or an intentional effort
by Republican officials to inhibit
voting.
Brad Raffensperger, the Repub-
lican secretary of state, placed the
blame on greater Atlanta’s liberal-
leaning counties of Fulton and
DeKalb, arguing that local offi-
cials had botched the rollout of the
state’s new $107 million electronic
voting system.
But Democrats, who blame Mr.
Raffensperger, saw more nefar-
ious forces at play, noting that
many of the longest lines plagued
predominantly black neighbor-
hoods in and around Atlanta while
rural white counties experienced
relatively fewer problems.
While Tuesday’s contests were
relatively low-stakes primaries,
Georgia is expected to be a presi-
dential battleground in Novem-
ber, as well as the site of two con-
tested Senate races that could de-
termine control of the chamber.
“What happened in Georgia
yesterday was by design,” Hillary
Clinton, the 2016 Democratic pres-
idential nominee, wrote on Twitter
Wednesday. “Voter suppression is
a threat to our democracy.”
The debate over how to fix
Georgia’s troubled system, and
who is to blame for the trouble, is
likely to resonate far beyond the
state as the nation prepares for
contentious November elections
that will play out on a landscape
transformed by the presence of
the coronavirus.
The pandemic has placed more
emphasis than ever on voting by
mail in states like Georgia. But the
burden of increasing absentee
balloting while also operating in-
person voting sites that adhere to
safety precautions is proving to be
a cumbersome process marked by
confused voters and exhausted
and underfunded administrators.
“What we were asked to do is do
absentee by mail, and we still had
to do our full complement of Elec-
tion Day infrastructure,” Richard
Barron, the weary-looking Fulton
County elections administrator,
said during a Tuesday night news
Richard Fausset reported from At-
lanta, and Reid J. Epstein from
Washington.
Top Challenger for Senate
Wins the Georgia Primary
With Count to Stop Runoff
By RICHARD FAUSSET
and REID J. EPSTEIN
ATLANTA — Jon Ossoff, the 33-
year-old Georgia Democrat who
earned national attention in 2017
with a spirited but unsuccessful
congressional race in the Atlanta
suburbs, won his party’s nomina-
tion in a race for a Senate seat on
Wednesday, a day after the state’s
elections descended into chaos.
Mr. Ossoff will now face off
against Senator David Perdue, an
incumbent Republican and ally of
President Trump’s. The general
election in November, one of two
Senate races in the state that are
expected to be competitive and
could help tip the balance of
power in Congress, will almost
certainly be viewed as a referen-
dum on Trumpism. Mr. Perdue, a
business executive who is seek-
ing a second term, has high-
lighted his close relationship with
the president, arguing that it has
helped Georgia’s business cli-
mate.
With 97 percent of precincts re-
porting on Wednesday evening,
Mr. Ossoff had 50.5 percent of the
vote, just over the 50 percent
threshold to avoid a runoff elec-
tion against Teresa Tomlinson, a
former mayor of Columbus, Ga.,
who trailed with 15 percent.
Mr. Ossoff’s run three years
ago in a special election in Geor-
gia’s Sixth District, a longtime Re-
publican redoubt, was fueled by
hostility toward Mr. Trump, par-
ticularly among educated subur-
Richard Fausset reported from At-
lanta, and Reid J. Epstein from
Washington.
conference held over Zoom. “We
did our early-voting infrastruc-
ture and it stretched us.”
Richard L. Hasen, a professor of
law and political science at the
University of California, Irvine,
who writes frequently about
America’s voting problems, said
Georgia’s meltdown resulted from
a failure to anticipate predictable
problems.
There is ample proof, he said,
that state officials have not acted
to address the problems that have
made it difficult to vote there.
“If you go back and look at the
lawsuits brought for years against
Georgia’s voting system, the state
has repeatedly denied that it has a
problem and dragged its feet on
election reform,” he said.
Dr. Hasen said that other states
may see similar election system
breakdowns in November, given
the large number of people who
will want to vote absentee, and the
expensive and complex demands
the virus has placed on in-person
voting sites. He noted that prob-
lems have already plagued recent
elections in Maryland and Penn-
sylvania.
ban women. But Mr. Ossoff also
benefited from anti-Trump senti-
ment beyond the district, attract-
ing significant funding from be-
yond Georgia and shattering con-
gressional fund-raising records.
In his previous race, Mr. Ossoff
positioned himself as a practical-
minded moderate. His TV ads in
recent weeks have focused on his
vow to improve the health care
system and his endorsement from
Representative John Lewis of
Georgia, the Democrat and stor-
ied civil rights leader.
The crowded Democratic field
included Ms. Tomlinson; Sarah
Riggs Amico, a former candidate
for lieutenant governor; and four
others.
The state’s elections Tuesday
were a chaotic affair, with a new
state-mandated voting system
plagued by serious problems.
Many computerized voting ma-
chines malfunctioned early in the
morning, and poll workers strug-
gled to get them back online, re-
sulting in hourslong waits at
polling places, particularly in the
heavily populated precincts in
and around Atlanta.
The glitchy system reignited
long-simmering concerns among
Democrats that the Republican
Party is intent on making voting
as difficult as possible for some
Georgians, particularly black vot-
ers. Gov. Brian Kemp, a former
secretary of state, and the current
holder of that office, Brad Raf-
fensperger, both Republicans,
supported the adoption of the new
voting system, despite warnings
from elections experts that it was
being instituted too hastily and
BRYNN ANDERSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Congress has allocated $400
million to help states run elections
in the pandemic, but Dr. Hasen
said the states may need as much
as $4 billion to deal with the added
complications.
Georgia’s voters had low expec-
tations, and Tuesday’s primary
did not meet them. In many parts
of greater Atlanta, voters brought
their own lawn chairs to the polls,
expecting long lines and not want-
ing to stand in the heat.
Fulton County pushed its poll
closing time from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m.,
but some voters in Union City, a
suburb south of Atlanta that is 88
percent black, waited in line until
12:37 a.m. to vote.
“As a black person I was actu-
ally sad. I was thinking to myself,
‘How long do we have to be going
through this?’” said LaTosha
Brown, a co-founder of Black Vot-
ers Matter, who documented the
Union City voting line on Twitter.
“This is supposed to be a new sys-
tem but we continue to see old
problems.”
Much of the trouble that
plunged Georgia’s voting system
into chaos Tuesday was specific to
without due consideration to po-
tential hacking.
Stacey Abrams, the Democrats’
2018 nominee in the governor’s
race, has accused Mr. Kemp of cre-
ating numerous impediments to
voters of color, and argued long af-
ter that election that she actually
won. On Tuesday, Ms. Abrams,
who is African-American, called
the problems at the polls “a disas-
ter that was preventable.”
Since 2018, Democrats have
hoped that Georgia might become
a true swing state in the 2020 elec-
tions as frustration mounts over
Mr. Trump’s first-term perform-
ance.
Though Mr. Ossoff lost the 2017
special election to Karen Handel, a
Republican, Ms. Handel then lost
the next year to Lucy McBath, a
Democrat. Ms. Handel won Tues-
day’s G.O.P. primary for the same
seat, defeating four opponents in a
district that was represented by
Newt Gingrich for 20 years.
In Georgia’s Seventh District,
People waited three to four hours to vote at one site in Atlanta,
above. Georgia’s Republican secretary of state blamed county of-
ficials’ rollout of new voting machines, left, but Democrats noted
that the problems were worse in predominantly black areas.
the state, stemming from the roll-
out of new voting machines and an
electronic voter check-in system,
which some elections experts had
been sounding alarm bells about
for months.
Poll workers proved to be trag-
ically unfamiliar with the system.
And a number of the most sea-
soned poll workers in the Atlanta
area, many of whom are older,
chose to sit the election out to
avoid exposure to the coro-
navirus.
At the same time, the state had
encouraged more voters to avoid
in-person voting altogether and
vote using absentee ballots. With
Covid-19 concerns in mind, elec-
tions officials sent an absentee
ballot application to every eligible
voter in the state in “active” status
— meaning they had voted in the
past several years.
But a number of voters who
filled out those applications never
received a ballot. Some of them
spoke Tuesday night at a Zoom
meeting of the Fulton County
Board of Registration and Elec-
tions, saying that they ended up
having to vote in person after
their ballots didn’t show up.
Mr. Raffensperger said he
would begin an investigation into
why Fulton and DeKalb counties
were riddled with problems that
left voters waiting in line for
hours.
“We really need to do a manage-
ment review,” Mr. Raffensperger
said in an interview Tuesday af-
ternoon. He said voters “really
weren’t aware” of the hurdles
state and local elections officials
faced in conducting an election in
the coronavirus era.
which was once reliably Republi-
can territory but includes an in-
creasingly diverse section of
metro Atlanta, there were con-
tested primaries on both sides for
the seat held by Representative
Rob Woodall, a Republican who is
not running for re-election.
Mr. Woodall won by fewer than
500 votes in 2018, and his oppo-
nent in that race, Carolyn Bour-
deaux, was again seeking the
Democratic nomination. She fell
just short of the 50 percent thresh-
old and will enter a runoff against
Brenda Lopez Romero, a state as-
semblywoman. Another Demo-
crat in the race, Nabilah Islam,
was endorsed by Representative
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez of New
York but finished in third place.
In South Carolina, Nancy Mace,
the first woman to graduate from
the Citadel, won the Republican
congressional primary in the First
District and will now face Repre-
sentative Joe Cunningham, who
flipped the Charleston-based seat
AUDRA MELTON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
The Georgia House speaker,
David Ralston, a Republican, an-
nounced that an investigation of
“irregularities” in the Tuesday
election would be headed up by a
fellow Republican state repre-
sentative, Shaw Blackmon, the
head of a governmental affairs
committee. The probe will look at
problems “across Georgia,” Mr.
Ralston’s office said in a state-
ment, “particularly in Fulton
County.”
“The legislative branch of gov-
ernment has an obligation to go
beyond the mutual finger-point-
Fearing a repeat of
long waits and lost
ballots in November.
ing and get to the truth and the
real reasons underlying these
frustrations and concerns,” Mr.
Ralston said.
Fair Fight Action, the voting
rights organization started by
Stacey Abrams, is considering
more lawsuits on top of the one it
has pending against the secretary
of state’s office after the disputed
2018 governor’s race that Ms.
Abrams lost to Gov. Brian Kemp.
And a number of Georgia Demo-
crats and voting rights advocates
have called for Mr. Raffensperger
to resign.
Many said Mr. Raffensperger
was required to ensure a smooth
election, even if the counties ran
individual polling locations.
AUDRA MELTON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
in 2018 in a long-shot Democratic
victory. Ms. Mace finished far
ahead of her top Republican oppo-
nent, Kathy Landing, who had
been endorsed by the conserva-
tive insurgents in the House Free-
dom Caucus.
West Virginia voters choosing a
governor had competitive prima-
ries in both parties. Gov. Jim Jus-
tice, a Republican who was
elected in 2016 as a Democrat and
switched parties at the behest of
President Trump, handily beat
back a primary challenge from
Woody Thrasher, a former mem-
ber of his cabinet.
Mr. Justice, the state’s richest
man and the owner of the Green-
brier Resort, has faced calls to re-
sign from fellow Republicans, fed-
eral investigations and lawsuits
against his companies.
He will face Ben Salango, a
county commissioner from
Charleston, who was the estab-
lishment favorite endorsed by the
state’s major labor unions and
“The Georgia law and the Geor-
gia Constitution and statutory law
is very clear that the buck stops
with the secretary of state,”
Sachin Varghese, the general
counsel for the Democratic Party
of Georgia, said Wednesday.
“He is the chief elections officer
in Georgia and has ultimate re-
sponsibility for the conduct of
elections,” Mr. Varghese said.
“That responsibility includes
making sure that counties have
adequate training have adequate
supplies and are prepared to run
elections well. And he has failed to
do so.”
Still, Georgia officials from both
parties expressed hope that the
state’s upcoming elections —
there will be runoffs on July 21 be-
fore the general election in No-
vember — would not be as poorly
run as Tuesday’s primary.
“I believe that folks can learn
from their mistakes,” said former
Gov. Roy Barnes, a Democrat. “I
was in government for 26 years.
You have to prioritize your spend-
ing and I can think of nothing that
has a larger priority than running
efficient elections and upholding
our democracy.”
Georgia’s voting problems cas-
caded. The state had bought
30,000 new voting machines that
were being used for the first time.
Local officials were training hun-
dreds of replacement poll workers
as late as Monday night. Then, on
Tuesday, a variety of breakdowns
included blown fuses at polling lo-
cations — because the voting ma-
chines overloaded the electrical
systems — and a lack of provi-
sional ballots on hand.
“I don’t think anybody’s acting
in bad faith — I really do think that
this is the set of cards that we’re
dealing with at the moment,” said
former Representative Jack
Kingston, a Republican. “The
tendency of politics is to point the
finger, but I don’t think there’s
anything nefarious going on.”
Georgia Democrats were al-
ready seizing on the narrative of
potential voter suppression for
fund-raising purposes.
The campaign of the Rev. Dr.
Raphael G. Warnock, a Democrat-
ic Senate candidate, emailed po-
tential supporters, describing
Tuesday’s long lines and saying
that the Democrats would have to
work “twice as hard” to “over-
come G.O.P. voter suppression.” It
asked for a donation of at least $5.
Carolyn Bourdeaux, a Demo-
crat who advanced to a runoff for a
House seat in Atlanta’s northeast
suburbs, called on Mr. Raf-
fensperger to resign hours before
the polls closed.
Ms. Abrams, whose own absen-
tee ballot arrived ruined, said the
hurdles voters faced Tuesday
were likely to make them lose con-
fidence in the election process.
“The wonderful thing that’s be-
ing concealed by the disaster is
that we have record turnout,” she
said. “People want to be heard.
They want to participate. And it is
multigenerational and multi-
ethnic, but that enthusiasm gets
dampened when incompetence
and malfeasance come together
and ruin their ability to partici-
pate.”
Jon Ossoff spoke to the media
in Atlanta Friday while waiting
to cast an early vote in Georgia’s
Democratic primary election.
Senator Joe Manchin III.
Mr. Salango defeated Stephen
Smith, a nonprofit director, who
ran as a progressive in the mold of
Senator Bernie Sanders; Ron
Stollings, a conservative Demo-
crat who serves in the State Sen-
ate; and two other candidates.
West Virginia voters skew con-
servative and the state has not
backed a Democrat for president
since 1996, which was also the last
time the state elected a Republi-
can governor, Cecil H. Under-
wood.
In Nevada, Republicans were
choosing challengers to Repre-
sentative Susie Lee in the Third
District, which Mr. Trump won by
one percentage point in 2016, and
Representative Steven Horsford
in the Fourth District, which Hil-
lary Clinton won by four points.
Mr. Horsford was first elected in
2012, then lost re-election in 2014
before reclaiming the seat in 2018.
Both could be competitive swing
districts in the fall, though the
Democratic incumbents start
with significant advantages.
Voting was supposed to take
place almost entirely by mail, but
there were reports of long lines at
some polling places. Many votes
were left to be counted by
Wednesday morning.
“As predicted, despite the sec-
retary of state moving Nevada’s
primary to an all-mail election,
many Nevada voters still partici-
pated in person,” William Mc-
Curdy II, the chairman of the Ne-
vada Democratic Party, said in a
statement. “It is imperative the
state offer an adequate amount of
hygienic, well-organized polling
locations and we will continue
fighting for these improvements
to prevent a repeat in November.”

Election
Lost or Folded Ballots,
Then the Tallying Slog:
Hiccups in Mail Voting
By NICK CORASANITI
and MICHAEL WINES
The 16 statewide primary elec-
tions held during the pandemic
reached a glaring nadir on Tues-
day as Georgia saw a full-scale
meltdown of new voting systems
compounded by the state’s rapid
expansion of vote-by-mail.
But around the country, elec-
tions that have been held over the
past two months reveal a wildly
mixed picture, dominated by dif-
ferent states’ experiences with a
huge increase in voting by mail.
Over all, turnout in the 15 states
and Washington, D.C., which rap-
idly expanded vote-by-mail over
the past few months, remained
high, sometimes at near record
levels, even as the Democratic
presidential primary was all but
wrapped.
The good news was millions
were able to vote safely, without
risking their health. The bad news
was a host of infrastructure and
logistical issues that could have
cost thousands their opportunity
to vote: ballots lost in the mail;
some printed on the wrong paper,
with the wrong date or the wrong
language; others arriving weeks
after they were requested or
never arriving at all.
But the most definitive lesson
for November may be what many
have already begun to accept —
Many states were still
counting well beyond
election night.
that there’s an enormous chance
many states, including key battle-
grounds, will not finish counting
on election night. The implications
are worrisome in a bitterly divid-
ed nation facing what many con-
sider the most consequential elec-
tion in memory with the loudest
voice belonging to an incumbent
president who is prone to promot-
ing falsehoods about the electoral
system.
More than 48 hours after polls
closed on June 2, the biggest
county in Indiana was still count-
ing ballots.
Four days after its election, also
on June 2, Philadelphia was still
counting ballots.
“That’s just the way it is,” said
Nick Custodio, a deputy commis-
sioner of elections in Philadelphia.
In swing states like Ohio, Penn-
sylvania and Georgia as well as
less competitive states like Mary-
land and Indiana, the massive ex-
pansion of vote-by-mail left many
counties still counting well be-
yond the normal election-night
deadlines.
David J. Becker, director of the
Center for Election Innovation
and Research, said every state
would significantly expand voting
by mail, and that people would
have to adjust their expectations
on when to expect results on
what’s likely to be the biggest vote
total ever recorded.
Reid J. Epstein contributed report-
ing from Washington.
As Trump Demands CNN Retract a Poll, OANN Vows to Deliver Better News
By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM
and MAGGIE HABERMAN
President Trump’s re-election
campaign has sued several news
outlets for coverage it deemed un-
flattering.
On Wednesday, the president’s
team added a new wrinkle to its
media intimidation tactics: de-
manding that a TV network re-
tract a poll it did not like.
In an unusual cease-and-desist
letter, the Trump campaign called
on CNN to retract and apologize
for a national poll this week that
showed the president trailing his
Democratic opponent, former
Vice President Joseph R. Biden
Jr., by 14 percentage points among
registered voters.
Mr. Trump’s aides called the poll
“phony” and “a stunt,” accusing
CNN without evidence of trying to
“stifle momentum and enthusi-
asm for the president and present
a false view generally of the actual
support across America for the
president.”
CNN, like other major news out-
lets, uses a third-party polling
firm to conduct opinion surveys.
In a bracing riposte, the network’s
general counsel, David Vigilante,
rejected the Trump campaign’s re-
quest.
“To the extent we have received
legal threats from political leaders
in the past, they have typically
come from countries like Vene-
zuela or other regimes where
there is little or no respect for a
free and independent media,” Mr.
“It’s much more important to
get the count right, than to get it
fast,” Mr. Becker said.
Absent from any reported is-
sues in the states, however, was
the chief concern of President
Trump, who has been casting false
aspersions about vote-by-mail
and raising unfounded conspiracy
theories. There were no reports or
indications of widespread fraud in
any of the primary elections.
Georgia was, in some way, an
outlier, its voting largely upended
by problems with new voting ma-
chinery. But the vast expansion of
vote-by-mail and absentee-ballot
voting was not enough to offset
the drastic reduction in polling lo-
cations in many states. In cities
around the country, including At-
lanta, Baltimore, Philadelphia and
Washington, D.C., voters waited
in Election Day lines for hours,
even as every city experienced
exponential increases in vote-by-
mail. That posed vivid warning
signs, especially for Democrats,
for November.
In Georgia, the elections direc-
tor in the state’s largest county
said that the pandemic forced offi-
cials to try to run two elections
concurrently: a universal vote-
by-mail system and the regular in-
person election, plus early voting
in person, without extra re-
sources.
“You have states out there in
the West that do ballot by mail
professionally; their elections are
almost exclusively by mail,” said
Richard Barron, the elections di-
rector of Fulton County, which in-
cludes Atlanta. “What we were
asked to do is do absentee by mail,
and we still had to do our full com-
plement of Election Day infra-
structure.”
Georgia’s secretary of state,
Brad Raffensperger, boasted of
meeting the record high demand
in absentee ballots, sending out
more than 1.5 million. But the
state’s vast, rapid expansion of
vote-by-mail was also plagued by
confusion and complaints of miss-
ing ballots.
Stacey Abrams, the former
Democratic candidate for gover-
nor, said that “the good idea to en-
courage people to use absentee
ballots” quickly became “a disas-
ter” because of both vendor issues
and uneven resources for the
most populous cities.
“So you have absentee ballots
that never reached a number of
voters, you have absentee ballots
that were submitted but voters
have no idea if they’re going to be
counted,” said Ms. Abrams. Had
the expansion of vote-by-mail
been smoother, she said, it’s likely
that the number of people who
showed up to vote on Election Day
could be reduced.
Experiences varied in different
states.
In Pennsylvania, at least 1.4 mil-
lion people cast their ballots by
mail, out of a total of roughly two
million, though ballots were still
being counted as of Wednesday,
more than a week after the elec-
tion. The state had some hiccups.
For example, roughly 2,000 voters
were sent the wrong party ballot
in Montgomery County in subur-
ban Philadelphia. But Pennsylva-
The Trump campaign said a CNN poll that had him trailing by 14 percentage points was “a stunt.”
Vigilante wrote. He added: “Your
letter is factually and legally base-
less. It is yet another bad faith at-
tempt by the campaign to threat-
en litigation to muzzle speech it
does not want voters to read or
hear.”
The exchange evoked the
“unskewed polls” episode of the
2012 presidential campaign, when
supporters of Mitt Romney, the
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
nia’s mail-in ballot system was
better prepared than other states,
in large part because of a recently
signed law that turned the state
into a “no excuse” absentee-ballot
system. Even before the coro-
navirus outbreak struck, officials
in Pennsylvania had been prepar-
ing for a surge in new mail-in bal-
lots.
But that same law prevented
election officials from beginning
to tabulate results until the morn-
ing of Election Day, creating sig-
nificant backlogs as large swaths
of voters switched to vote by mail.
In Philadelphia, small issues like
having to flatten out ballots before
they could be opened and counted
turned into choke points.
Before Election Day, the state
passed a law to try to alleviate
some of those concerns, allowing
states to start canvassing ballots
at 7 a.m. on Election Day rather
than 8 p.m., but the surge in bal-
lots quickly overwhelmed many
districts.
“I think we’ve seen that when
you have this kind of volume,
that’s not enough,” said Kathy
Boockvar, the secretary of state of
Republican nominee, insisted that
surveys showing a healthy lead
for President Barack Obama were
inaccurate and influenced by lib-
eral bias. Mr. Romney went on to
lose.
But Mr. Trump’s demonization
of the news media has been more
relentless and widespread than
anything unleashed by the Rom-
ney team. His campaign has sued
Pennsylvania. Ms. Boockvar said
she hoped the Legislature would
allow election officials to start pro-
cessing absentee ballots weeks
before Election Day.
The state was able to set up an
online ballot-request form — an
element many voting-rights ex-
perts say is key to expanding
mail-in voting — that also had bal-
lot tracking, meaning voters could
check the status of their ballot,
much like an Amazon package.
But the system didn’t always reg-
ister a sent ballot, and the online
application was only in English.
Voters were also allowed to re-
quest a ballot up until a week be-
fore Election Day, giving election
officials scant time to turn around
a ballot.
“The deadlines in Pennsylvania
are impossible to meet,” said Lee
Soltysiak, the chief clerk of Mont-
gomery County. “And the voter
was absolutely on the short end of
that stick.”
In Maryland, which chose to
mail ballots to all registered vot-
ers, outdated registration lists left
many ballots returned as undeliv-
erable because voters had moved.
DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
The New York Times and The
Washington Post, among other or-
ganizations, raising alarms
among First Amendment advo-
cates that the lawsuits could deter
journalists from pursuing tough
reporting.
The legal threat against CNN
coincided with a highly unusual
dynamic unfolding in recent
weeks between Mr. Trump and
ALYSSA POINTER/ATLANTA JOURNAL-CONSTITUTION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
ETHAN MILLER/GETTY IMAGES
Baltimore had the highest return
rate — 1 in 10 ballots, or about
20,000 total.
Few cities faced more issues
with voting by mail than Balti-
more. Voters across the city com-
plained of a lack of information on
changes to the election process,
and they were among the last in
the state to receive their ballots
because of a vendor error. A ballot
alignment error in a City Council
district made the ballots uncount-
able by the scanner machines.
And for reasons as yet unex-
plained, some voters who had bal-
lots returned by the Post Office as
undeliverable were recorded in
polls books as having voted and
returned a complete ballot.
“If we have to conduct our elec-
tions by mail again there are a lot
of glitches that clearly need to be
addressed, and a lot more invest-
ment needs to be made in voter
education,” said Joanne Antoine,
the executive director of Common
Cause Maryland.
In Washington, D.C., officials
were similarly overwhelmed by
the surge in voting, after receiving
some 91,000 requests for absentee
One America News, a conserva-
tive cable network that the presi-
dent has latched onto for its obvi-
ous pro-Trump viewpoint.
On Tuesday, Mr. Trump ad-
vanced a baseless theory that a
75-year-old man in Buffalo who
was knocked to the ground by the
police and hospitalized was “an
ANTIFA provocateur,” a notion
the president learned about from
a segment on One America News.
Even the president’s allies
questioned the sense of insulting
an injured septuagenarian. But
Mr. Trump’s press secretary,
Kayleigh McEnany, said on
Wednesday that he was merely
“raising some questions, some le-
gitimate ones.”
On Wednesday, the chief execu-
tive of One America News, Robert
Herring, offered an overture to
the White House. Shortly after the
Trump campaign contacted CNN,
Mr. Herring wrote on Twitter that
his network would be publishing a
voter survey that Mr. Trump
might find more palatable.
“@OANN will be releasing a
poll concerning the 2020 presiden-
tial race,” Mr. Herring wrote on
Twitter. “It looks as though it will
be in favor of @realDon-
aldTrump.”
A spokeswoman for One Amer-
ica News, Krista McClelland, said
the network would broadcast re-
sults from a poll of Florida resi-
dents. She said the network “uses
a third-party polling service” but
did not specify which one.
In its letter to CNN, the Trump
N A17
Scanning ballots in Atlanta,
where an expansion in voting
by mail was not enough to
prevent long lines at polling
sites. Left, waiting for ballots in
Las Vegas on Tuesday.
ballots, 15 times the normal vol-
ume. Many voters never received
their ballots, and those who went
to the few polling places that were
open on Election Day — 20, com-
pared with the usual 143 — waited
as long as four hours to cast their
ballots.
The city Board of Elections de-
cided the day before the election
to allow voters who had not gotten
their ballots to vote via email, but
it is not known how many took ad-
vantage of the offer. A spokes-
woman for the city Board of Elec-
tions, Rachel Coll, declined to
comment on the problems, saying
the board would release a report
analyzing the causes of the delays
and undelivered ballots.
In Wisconsin, election officials
are working to improve the trans-
parency of the vote-by-mail
process and help voters unsure of
the status of their ballot. During
the April 7 election, a flurry of last-
second court challenges, includ-
ing a last-minute ruling by the Su-
preme Court, most likely disen-
franchised many voters in the
state. Some mail-in ballots were
found undelivered in crates at a
Postal Service depot.
Now, the Wisconsin Elections
Commission is working on adding
bar codes as a tracking tool for fu-
ture absentee ballots that will al-
low internal tracking information
to be shared with the mailer and
recipient.
With the presidential election
less than 150 days away and coro-
navirus cases still increasing, the
warning signs for November were
ominous.
“I can’t fathom given all that’s
going on in America right now
that anybody would have the gall
to stall out and not fix this,” said
the Rev. Kobi Little, the president
of the N.A.A.C.P. chapter in Balti-
more. “America can’t say ‘we’re
the champions of democracy,’ and
then not deliver democracy.”
campaign said that one of its own
polling firms, McLaughlin & Asso-
ciates, had found the CNN poll to
be “skewed.”
The firm’s leader, John Mc-
Laughlin, is a trusted voice for Mr.
Trump who helped him explore a
possible presidential bid in 2011.
Mr. McLaughlin later worked for
Mr. Trump’s 2016 campaign and is
one of two pollsters currently
working for the president’s 2020
re-election effort.
Mr. McLaughlin has been criti-
cized for generating results that
are at odds with other main-
stream pollsters. In 2014, he pro-
jected that the House majority
leader, Eric Cantor, would handily
defeat a Tea Party rival, David
Brat, by a wide margin; Mr. Can-
tor lost his seat by 11 points.
In teasing its own poll, One
America News was inviting Mr.
Trump to further promote the net-
work’s coverage — a boon for a
relatively obscure cable channel
whose audience remains minus-
cule despite the president’s sup-
port.
Mr. Trump has repeatedly tried
to raise the profile of One America
News, lauding its coverage on so-
cial media and at public appear-
ances, in part as a pressure tactic
to influence his coverage on Fox
News.
But One America News is avail-
able in only one-third as many
households as Fox News, and its
ratings and web traffic are a small
fraction of rival media outlets that
appeal to conservative audiences.
A18 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

Federal Judge Rules Against Immigration Arrests at New York Courts

By BENJAMIN WEISER
One undocumented immigrant
who had been robbed at gunpoint
refused to testify in Brooklyn be-
cause he feared federal immigra-
tion enforcement officers would
detain him if he went to court.
Federal officers threw another
immigrant against a wall as he left
a Brooklyn courthouse, then
pushed him into a car with no li-
cense plates as a bystander, afraid
the man had been kidnapped,
called 911.
In another case, agents took a
Uruguayan defendant into cus-
tody just minutes before a hearing
on a proposed guilty plea that
would have required him to serve
more than three years in prison in
a sexual and domestic violence
case. He was deported and contin-
ued to harass his victim on social
media, boasting about getting
away with his crimes.
The three cases were detailed in
a 2019 lawsuit filed by New York
State authorities who sought to
block Immigration and Customs
Enforcement, or ICE, from arrest-
ing people for immigration vio-
lations in or near state court-
houses.
The suit was part of a long-run-
ning battle between state officials
trying to provide a sanctuary for
immigrants, and federal officials
intent on carrying out President
Trump’s desire to crack down on
undocumented immigrants.
On Wednesday, in a blow to the
Trump administration’s tough tac-
tics, a federal judge ruled that
ICE’s practice of making immigra-
tion arrests in and around New
York State courthouses was ille-
gal.
In his ruling, Judge Jed S.
Rakoff of Federal District Court in
Manhattan ordered ICE to stop ar-
resting people on the grounds of
any New York State courthouse or
as they travel to a courthouse as a
party or witness to a lawsuit.
The suit that Judge Rakoff ruled
on was brought by the state attor-
ney general, Letitia James, and
the Brooklyn district attorney,
Eric Gonzalez. ICE’s aggressive
practices, they said, had “signifi-
cantly chilled participation” in
New York’s courts, deterring vic-
tims from reporting crimes, plain-
Annie Correal contributed report-
ing.
A protest in Manhattan in 2018. New York and other cities refused to cooperate with the federal crackdown on illegal immigration.
tiffs from bringing lawsuits and
witnesses from helping law en-
forcement out of fear they would
be detained.
The state authorities also
presented evidence that the agen-
cy’s approach disrupted court
proceedings. People were being
detained as they entered courts
for scheduled hearings, which re-
sulted in hearings having to be
canceled.
“Recent events confirm the
need for freely and fully function-
ing state courts, not least in the
State of New York,” Judge Rakoff
wrote in his decision, alluding to
the impact of the coronavirus out-
break on the court system.
“But it is one thing for the state
courts to try to deal with the im-
pediments brought on by a pan-
demic, and quite another for them
to have to grapple with disrup-
tions and intimidations artificially
imposed by an agency of the fed-
eral government in violation of
longstanding privileges and fun-
damental principles of federalism
and of separation of powers,” said
the judge.
Judge Rakoff was appointed to
the federal bench in 1996 by Presi-
dent Bill Clinton.
In the nearly four years since
President Trump took office, law-
yers in New York and their clients
who are undocumented immi-
grants have played a cat-and-
mouse game with ICE agents who
prowled courthouses and
pounced on people who had pend-
ing deportation orders.
ICE officials argued that court-
houses were a safer place to con-
front immigrants than homes or
workplaces because people were
screened for weapons before they
entered. Immigration officers
only turned to courthouses as a
last resort, especially in sanctu-
ary cities where law enforcement
officers are prohibited from co-
operating with the immigration
authorities, ICE officials said.
“Absent a viable address for a
residence or place of employment,
a courthouse may afford the most
likely opportunity to locate a tar-
get and take him or her into cus-
tody,” Rachael Yong Yow, an ICE
spokeswoman, said last year.
The courthouses became a bat-
tleground in a larger standoff be-
tween the Trump administration
and cities like New York, whose
governments have refused to co-
operate with the federal crack-
down on illegal immigration.
Some public defenders in New
York staged walkouts to protest
the ICE arrests.
DREW ANGERER/GETTY IMAGES
Earlier this year, amid steady
opposition to their tactics, ICE
agents appeared to shift their tac-
tics away from arresting people at
courthouses and concentrated
their enforcement efforts in
neighborhoods where immigrants
live and work, immigrant advo-
cates have said.
On Wednesday, Ms. James
hailed the judge’s ruling.
“Our victory over the Trump
administration’s over-policing
policies ensures the important
work happening in local courts
will continue undeterred without
the targeting of immigrants seek-
ing access to our courts,” she said
in a statement.
In a statement of his own, Mr.
Gonzalez said, “Allowing every
resident equal access to our jus-
tice system is crucially important
and necessary for maintaining
fairness and public safety.”
ICE said in a statement that it
was “currently reviewing the
court’s order to determine the ap-
propriate course of action.”
Before Mr. Trump took office, it
was rare for ICE officers to make
civil arrests in or around court-
houses. Those policies changed
significantly, Judge Rakoff wrote,
after Mr. Trump signed an execu-
tive order in 2017 directing the De-
Accusing ICE of
disrupting the state’s
judicial system.
partment of Homeland Security to
make immigration enforcement a
priority.
The following year, ICE issued a
directive that cleared the way for
officers to make arrests in court-
houses, the judge wrote.
“Even before the directive was
issued, however, the number of
civil immigration arrests under-
taken in and around New York
State courthouses greatly in-
creased as a result of ICE’s inter-
pretation of the 2017 executive or-
der,” the judge added.
In 2015, ICE conducted 20 en-
forcement actions at or near New
York State courthouses, Judge
Rakoff noted, citing arrest records
produced in the case. The figure
rose to 161 in 2017, dropped to 107
in 2018, and then rose again to 173
last year, the judge noted.
The judge, in his decision, cited
legal rulings going back centuries
that banned civil arrests inside or
near courthouses. He also said
that ICE had failed to provide jus-
tification for its change in policy
and practice. The adoption of the
2018 directive and its “less formal
shift in practice and policy” the
year before, he wrote, were arbi-
trary and capricious.
Judge Rakoff is the second fed-
eral judge to rule against ICE’s
policy. Last year, a judge in Massa-
chusetts granted a preliminary in-
junction that blocked the agency
from making civil arrests of un-
documented immigrants inside
state courthouses or as they enter
or leave. The government has ap-
pealed that ruling.

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Pompeo Aide Said to Have Pressured Watchdog Top Justice Dept. Official
This article is by Edward Wong,
Michael LaForgia and Lara Jakes.
WASHINGTON — A senior
State Department official who
helped Secretary of State Mike
Pompeo bypass a congressional
freeze on arms sales to Saudi Ara-
bia and the United Arab Emirates
pushed the agency’s inspector
general to drop an investigation
into whether that effort was ille-
gal, the former inspector general
told lawmakers, according to a
transcript released Wednesday.
The senior official, Marik
String, now the department’s top
lawyer, was acting chief of the
agency’s political-military affairs
bureau in early 2019 when Mr.
Pompeo and aides tried to come
up with a means of circumventing
Congress on a sale of 22 batches of
munitions worth $8.1 billion, much
of it made by Raytheon. Lawmak-
ers from both parties had held up
the sale because the Persian Gulf
nations had been using American-
made weapons in an air war in
Yemen that has killed thousands
of civilians.
President Trump fired the State
Department’s inspector general,
Steve A. Linick, last month at the
urging of Mr. Pompeo. Three con-
gressional committees are investi-
gating whether Mr. Pompeo made
the recommendation to retaliate
for inquiries tied to the secretary
that Mr. Linick was overseeing.
Mr. Linick had opened at least two
such inquiries — one into the arms
sale and one into potential misuse
of agency employees for the bene-
fit of Mr. Pompeo and his wife, Su-
san Pompeo.
Mr. Pompeo declared an emer-
gency over Iran in May 2019 to
push through the sale. At the re-
quest of Congress, Mr. Linick
opened an investigation last June
into the legality of that.
Edward Wong and Lara Jakes re-
ported from Washington, and Mi-
chael LaForgia from New York.
Matthew Rosenberg contributed
reporting from Washington.
Ex-Judge
Sees ‘Abuse’
In Reversal
On Flynn
From Page A1
Mr. Flynn.
Mr. Gleeson’s brief amounted to
a step-by-step dissection of the
factual claims and legal argu-
ments the Justice Department put
forward last month to justify with-
drawing a charge of making false
statements that Mr. Flynn had
twice pleaded guilty to. Mr. Glee-
son said the department’s inter-
vention was an example of the
kind of “corrupt, politically moti-
vated dismissals” that judges
have the power to guard against.
“The reasons offered by the
government are so irregular, and
so obviously pretextual, that they
are deficient,” Mr. Gleeson wrote.
“Moreover, the facts surrounding
the filing of the government’s mo-
tion constitute clear evidence of
gross prosecutorial abuse. They
reveal an unconvincing effort to
disguise as legitimate a decision to
dismiss that is based solely on the
fact that Flynn is a political ally of
President Trump.”
But he also said that Mr. Flynn
should not be held in criminal con-
tempt of court for lying under oath
when he gave conflicting state-
ments about his actions to Judge
Sullivan, a possibility that the
judge had raised when appointing
Mr. Gleeson last month.
The Justice Department plans
to file its response to Mr. Gleeson’s
brief in the coming days. But it is
not clear whether the judge will
get to complete his review and
make the final decision. Mr. Fly-
nn’s lawyer, Sidney Powell, and
the Justice Department have
asked the Court of Appeals for the
District of Columbia Circuit to or-
der him to dismiss the case
against Mr. Flynn without further
review.
They accused Judge Sullivan of
abusing his power by appointing
Mr. Gleeson to offer counterargu-
ments rather than immediately
ending the matter, citing a 2016
opinion by the appeals court that
said that the judiciary “generally
lacks authority to second-guess”
executive branch decisions about
whether to charge or drop a case.
In a filing last week before the
appeals court, a lawyer for Judge
Sullivan urged a three-judge panel
not to short-circuit his review, say-
ing he would not necessarily adopt
the arguments put forward by Mr.
Gleeson.
The spectacle of both the dis-
trict and appeals courts simulta-
neously dealing with the same
case is unusual, said Samuel Buell,
a law professor at Duke Univer-
sity and a former federal prosecu-
tor. Mr. Gleeson’s filing will not le-
gally affect the appeals court pan-
el’s decision on whether to end the
case without further review, he
said, but “it will contribute to the
Katie Benner contributed report-
ing.
But during a meeting over the
winter, perhaps in late 2019, Mr.
String and Brian Bulatao, a top
State Department official and
friend of Mr. Pompeo, tried to per-
suade Mr. Linick to end the inqui-
ry, Mr. Linick told lawmakers in an
interview last Wednesday.
Congressional investigators
were alarmed by news of Mr.
String’s involvement, which ap-
peared to be a conflict of interest,
given his central role in formulat-
ing Mr. Pompeo’s use of the emer-
gency declaration, Democratic
aides said.
Mr. String joined Mr. Bulatao in
telling Mr. Linick that his office
“shouldn’t be doing the work be-
cause it was a policy matter not
within the I.G.’s jurisdiction,” Mr.
Linick told lawmakers, adding
that he told officials he was inves-
tigating enactment of policy. Mr.
Linick also said Mr. Bulatao did
not explicitly “say stop our work.”
Since 2013, Mr. Linick had led a
team of hundreds of employees in
investigating fraud and waste in
the State Department. He is
known to be cautious and nonpar-
tisan.
Mr. String, a deputy assistant
secretary of state in the political-
military affairs bureau who
served as the unit’s acting head
from January to May 2019, played
an important part in the run-up to
the emergency declaration. He
oversaw the process that led to the
declaration by Mr. Pompeo — con-
vening meetings, offering guid-
ance and briefing the secretary on
progress, according to an Ameri-
can government official with
knowledge of Mr. String’s role.
Mr. Pompeo notified Congress
of the emergency declaration on
the afternoon of May 24, 2019, the
Friday before Memorial Day
weekend. That same day, Mr.
String was promoted to be the de-
partment’s acting legal adviser.
Congressional officials have
raised questions about that ap-
pointment.
The three congressional com-
Michael T. Flynn in September. His lawyer wants an appeals court to order a dismissal of his case.
overall atmosphere with regard to
the propriety of the government’s
motion to dismiss.”
To justify Mr. Barr’s decision to
drop the case, the Justice Depart-
ment has argued that Mr. Flynn’s
lies were not “material” to any le-
gitimate investigation — rejecting
the department’s own previous
position that his lies were relevant
to the inquiry into the scope of
Russia’s covert operation to tilt
the 2016 election in Mr. Trump’s fa-
vor and the nature of links to
Trump campaign associates.
Mr. Gleeson, who had co-writ-
ten an op-ed article calling into
question the legitimacy of Mr.
Barr’s intervention before Judge
Sullivan appointed him, offered a
critique of that rationale.
“Pursuant to an active investi-
gation into whether President
Trump’s campaign officials co-
ordinated activities with the gov-
ernment of Russia, one of those of-
ficials lied to the F.B.I. about co-
ordinating activities with the gov-
ernment of Russia,” Mr. Gleeson
wrote. “It is hard to conceive of a
more material false statement
than this one.”
Marching through other issues
raised by Mr. Flynn’s defenders
and embraced by the Justice De-
partment, Mr. Gleeson portrayed
the arguments as “absurd,” “le-
gally unsound,” “misdirection,”
“preposterous” and “empty.” He
said the department’s request was
both “riddled with inexplicable
and elementary errors of law and
fact” and departed from its posi-
tion in other cases — all evidence,
he said, that its rationale for drop-
ping the case was just a pretext.
Mr. Flynn pleaded guilty in De-
cember 2017 to lying to the F.B.I.
about his conversations with the
Russian ambassador during the
transition period after Mr. Trump
won the 2016 election. The Obama
administration was taking actions
to punish Russia for its interfer-
ence in the American democratic
process, including imposing sanc-
tions on Russian intelligence
agencies and expelling Russian
officials from the United States.
Mr. Flynn and the Russian ambas-
sador at the time, Sergey I.
Kislyak, discussed the moves.
But when word of the calls be-
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
PETE MAROVICH FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Secretary of State Mike Pom-
peo faces House inquiries.
mittees investigating the inspec-
tor general’s firing asked Mr. Lin-
ick to do an interview with them
last Wednesday. They have also
asked seven State Department
employees to be interviewed, in-
cluding Mr. String and Mr. Bu-
latao, but none agreed to the re-
quest.
Mr. Linick told lawmakers that
Mr. Bulatao on occasion tried to
“bully” him. And he said the two
officials raised the possibility in
their meeting that there might be
“a privilege issue” that would pre-
vent Mr. Linick from continuing
his investigation. But a privilege
issue only exists when a party is
acting as a lawyer, and neither of-
ficial was in that role during the
formulation of the emergency
declaration.
Mr. Pompeo told reporters on
Wednesday that he had not read
the transcript of Mr. Linick’s inter-
view with Congress. He argued
that the inspector general is sup-
posed to “work for the agency
head — that’s me — and they are
supposed to deliver and help
make that organization better.”
“It’s not what Mr. Linick did,” he
added.
Mr. Pompeo did not agree to be
interviewed by Mr. Linick for the
arms sale inquiry, and submitted a
written statement instead. Inves-
gan to emerge, Mr. Flynn lied to
several incoming members of the
administration about what the
two had discussed, including the
vice president-elect, Mike Pence.
F.B.I. agents working on the Rus-
sia investigation decided to ap-
proach Mr. Flynn about the topic
to see what he would say.
The Justice Department, in
seeking to drop Mr. Flynn’s case,
has portrayed that interview as
baseless because the F.B.I. had
been moving to close a component
of the Russia inquiry where
agents were scrutinizing whether
Mr. Flynn might be a Russian
agent before the issue of the calls
arose, along with Mr. Flynn’s mys-
terious pattern of lying about
them to his colleagues.
Mr. Gleeson argued that the
calls and lies gave the F.B.I. good
reason to question Mr. Flynn.
“These developments added
new dimensions, as well as new-
A dissection of the
arguments by the
Justice Department.
found urgency, to the F.B.I.’s ongo-
ing investigations and the intelli-
gence community’s counterintel-
ligence concerns,” Mr. Gleeson
wrote. “Flynn had lied to multiple
incoming White House officials
and concealed the true nature of
his contacts with the Russian gov-
ernment.”
He said that Mr. Flynn’s lies had
impeded lines of relevant inquiry
the bureau could have pursued.
He also noted that in any case,
F.B.I. rules do not require, as a
prerequisite for voluntary inter-
views, that agents must be work-
ing on an investigation that al-
ready has an established basis for
suspecting a counterintelligence
threat or crime exists.
“The government may not en-
list a court in dismissing a case
solely because the defendant is a
friend and political ally of the
president — and where the osten-
sible reasons advanced for dis-
tigators were close to finishing the
investigation this spring and
briefed senior State Department
officials on findings in early
March.
Lawmakers say officials have
informally told them that the ad-
ministration plans to sell another
package of precision-guided mis-
siles to Saudi Arabia, worth $478
million, and to grant Raytheon a li-
cense to expand its manufactur-
ing footprint in the kingdom.
Mr. Linick also told lawmakers
that he informed Mr. Bulatao, as
well as Stephen E. Biegun, the
deputy secretary of state, and
other top agency officials in late
2019 of the inquiry into Mr. Pom-
peo’s potential misuse of employ-
ees and requested documents
from the agency. Mr. Pompeo has
indicated he did not know about
this inquiry, but Democratic aides
say that is unlikely given what Mr.
Linick has said.
Asked about the crackdowns on
protesters seeking racial justice in
the United States, Mr. Pompeo
said Wednesday the State Depart-
ment was investigating com-
plaints from other nations that
foreign journalists covering the
demonstrations had been at-
tacked by American security
forces.
The Committee to Protect Jour-
nalists has said it is investigating
reports of about 300 episodes in
which journalists have faced such
attacks. Videos show security
forces last week attacking two
Australian journalists outside the
White House during a wider as-
sault on protesters.
Mr. Pompeo dismissed a ques-
tion about the Trump administra-
tion’s heavy-handed tactics by
saying that foreign authoritarian
governments did much worse
when they “repress their people.”
Mr. Pompeo sent an email to
State Department employees on
Wednesday emphasizing the
same points, saying, “America re-
mains the greatest nation in the
history of civilization.”
MANUEL BALCE CENETA/ASSOCIATED PRESS
missal amount to a thin and un-
persuasive disguise,” wrote Mr.
Gleeson.
He added: “If the executive
wishes for the judiciary to dismiss
criminal charges — as opposed to
issuing a pardon or taking other
unilateral action — the reasons it
offers must be real and credible.
Its professed concerns about ma-
teriality are neither.”
Mr. Flynn twice pleaded guilty
to a criminal charge of making
false statements. His plea was
part of a deal to cooperate with
prosecutors, which also resolved
Mr. Flynn’s criminal liability for
lying to the F.B.I. about another
part of his conversation with Mr.
Kislyak involving a United Na-
tions issue, for failing to register
as a paid foreign agent of Turkey
in 2016, and for signing forms
where he lied about that work.
But Mr. Flynn’s case became a
political cause for Mr. Trump’s
supporters as the president at-
tacked the legitimacy of the Rus-
sia inquiry. And in January, after
changing lawyers, Mr. Flynn
sought to withdraw his guilty plea,
saying he was innocent.
Although he had previously told
the court that he did lie to the F.B.I.
agents, he began saying instead
that he simply did not remember
at the time about what he had spo-
ken about with the Russian am-
bassador. Because those state-
ments under oath to the court
were conflicting, Judge Sullivan
also asked Mr. Gleeson to help him
evaluate whether he should im-
pose criminal contempt-of-court
sanctions on Mr. Flynn for per-
jury.
Instead, Mr. Gleeson wrote,
Judge Sullivan should take that
behavior into account when im-
posing a sentence on Mr. Flynn.
The Justice Department “has
treated the case like no other, and
in doing so has undermined the
public’s confidence in the rule of
law,” Mr. Gleeson wrote. “I re-
spectfully suggest that the best re-
sponse to Flynn’s perjury is not to
respond in kind. Ordering a de-
fendant to show cause why he
should not be held in contempt
based on a perjurious effort to
withdraw a guilty plea is not what
judges typically do.”
Who Oversaw Handling
Of Ukraine Call Will Exit
By KATIE BENNER
WASHINGTON — The head of
the Justice Department’s criminal
division will step down, the de-
partment said on Wednesday, af-
ter a nearly two-year tenure fo-
cused primarily on the opioid cri-
sis and marked by the handling of
a politically fraught referral of a
whistle-blower complaint about
President Trump’s dealings with
Ukraine.
The decision by the official, Bri-
an A. Benczkowski, 50, to leave
the department had been in the
works since the fall, according to a
memo that he sent to his staff,
when Attorney General William P.
Barr asked each division head to
prepare for the coming year.
“At that time, I told Attorney
General Barr that I intended to re-
main in my position until the sum-
mer of this year, and he graciously
agreed to that timetable,” Mr.
Benczkowski wrote. He will be re-
placed on July 3 by his division’s
No. 2, Brian Rabbitt, a former
chief of staff to Mr. Barr.
Mr. Benczkowski was con-
firmed in July 2018 after a 13-
month wait, in a 51-to-48 vote
largely along party lines. Demo-
crats questioned whether he
should be disqualified for his lack
of experience as a criminal pros-
ecutor and his private-sector
work for Russia’s Alfa-Bank,
which they feared had worked im-
properly with the Trump Organi-
zation during the 2016 campaign.
The F.B.I. found that data moving
between the companies did not
amount to clandestine communi-
cations.
While at the department, Mr.
Benczkowski focused primarily
on the nation’s opioid crisis and
used data analytics to change the
division’s approach to identifying
potential fraud cases and other
abuses. The division also used an-
alytics to investigate and pros-
ecute market manipulation, se-
curing numerous guilty pleas of
traders at the world’s largest fi-
nancial firms.
This year, Mr. Benczkowski
used a similar strategy with data
from loan applications to the gov-
ernment’s coronavirus rescue
programs to root out fraud.
“We’re bringing the same ap-
proach to bear that we bring in the
health care fraud context and opi-
oid-related prosecutions,” Mr.
Benczkowski said in an interview
with The New York Times. “You
can never prosecute cases based
solely on data, but the data can tell
you where to look more quickly
than if you had to wait for a wit-
ness.”
During his tenure, prosecutors
secured a conviction in the case
against Joaquín Guzmán Loera,
better known as El Chapo, the
leader of the Sinaloa Cartel, and
obtained indictments of four
members of the Chinese military
on charges of hacking into
Equifax, a credit reporting
agency, and stealing the personal
data of nearly 150 million Ameri-
cans.
Mr. Benczkowski will also be
known for his division’s handling
last year of a whistle-blower com-
plaint about Mr. Trump’s dealings
with Ukraine that ultimately
prompted impeachment hearings
last fall.
During a phone call last sum-
mer that was at the heart of the
complaint, Mr. Trump asked Pres-
ident Volodymyr Zelensky of
Ukraine to announce an investiga-
tion into his political rival Joseph
R. Biden Jr., and seemed to make
the delivery of promised military
aid a condition of that announce-
ment. Other administration offi-
cials referred the matter to the
Justice Department as a possible
campaign finance crime.
Corrections
FRONT PAGE
An article on Monday about the
lasting power of the worldwide
protests in favor of racial justice
misstated the former job title of
Nekima Levy Armstrong. She
was a professor of law at the
University of St. Thomas, not an
associate professor.
INTERNATIONAL
An article on Tuesday about an
Iranian law that significantly
expands legal protection for
children and adolescents de-
scribed incorrectly the state of
Iranian law on the protection of
children. A law adopted in 2002
had provided limited protection;
Contact the Newsroom
nytnews@nytimes.com or call
1-844-NYT-NEWS (1-844-698-6397).
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customercare@nytimes.com or call
1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637).
N A19
Career lawyers in the criminal
division’s public integrity section
reviewed a reconstructed tran-
script of the call and determined
that no campaign finance laws
had been violated and that no fur-
ther department action was war-
ranted.
But the phone call became one
of the most explosive political mo-
ments of the Trump presidency,
and the department’s decision to
close the matter helped further
the perception that Mr. Barr
served as Mr. Trump’s protector.
A month after details of the
phone call broke into public view,
Mr. Benczkowski distanced him-
self from Mr. Trump’s personal
lawyer Rudolph W. Giuliani, who
was one of several defense law-
yers to attend a meeting at the de-
partment with Mr. Benczkowski
and the criminal division’s fraud
section. Mr. Benczkowski said
that department officials would
not have allowed Mr. Giuliani to
attend the meeting — about a sep-
CLIFF OWEN/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Brian A. Benczkowski, 50,
said his departure had been in
the works since the fall.
A 2-year tenure mostly
focused on the opioid
crisis and fraud cases.
arate bribery case — had they
known that federal prosecutors in
New York were investigating two
of his associates, Lev Parnas and
Igor Fruman, on suspicion of vio-
lating campaign finance laws.
Mr. Parnas and Mr. Fruman
were charged with trying to un-
lawfully influence politicians, in-
cluding former Representative
Pete Sessions, Republican of
Texas, and they were part of Mr.
Giuliani’s effort to push Ukraine’s
leaders to announce an inquiry
into Mr. Trump’s political ene-
mies.
“When Mr. Benczkowski and
fraud section lawyers met with
Mr. Giuliani, they were not aware
of any investigation of Mr. Giuli-
ani’s associates in the Southern
District of New York and would
not have met with him had they
known,” a department spokesman
said at the time.
Mr. Barr said in a statement
that Mr. Benczkowski had served
with distinction. “The entire de-
partment benefited from his
managerial expertise, institu-
tional knowledge and sound judg-
ment,” Mr. Barr said.
Mr. Benczkowski said he had
asked Mr. Rabbitt to be his top
deputy with an eye toward run-
ning the division.
“Brian and I worked together
closely during the previous year
on a number of important matters
affecting the Criminal Division,
and I came to appreciate that he
shared my commitment to main-
taining the division’s institutional
independence and integrity,” Mr.
Benczkowski wrote in his memo
to staff.
the new measure is not the first to
protect children.
BUSINESS
An article last Friday about off-
shore wind farming referred
incorrectly in several instances to
devices used by the offshore wind
power industry. They are wind
turbines, not windmills.
OBITUARIES
An obituary on May 31 about the
defense lawyer Albert Krieger
misstated the given name of the
author of the book “Gangland:
The Lawyers.” He is James Mor-
ton, not John. And a picture cap-
tion with the obituary, using
information from Getty Images,
misidentified the man shown with
Mr. Krieger in a 1992 photograph.
He is Jackie D’Amico, not John
D’Amato.
Errors are corrected during the press
run whenever possible, so some errors
noted here may not have appeared in
all editions.
A20 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

Struggle for Racial Justice Lawmakers

Floyd’s Brother Pleads With Congress for Change: ‘Enough Is Enough’

By CATIE EDMONDSON
WASHINGTON — Philonise
Floyd, whose brother’s death in
police custody has inspired two
weeks of sprawling protests
across the country, made an im-
passioned plea to Congress on
Wednesday to enact sweeping
changes to law enforcement in
America to address police brutal-
ity and systemic racism.
In wrenching testimony on Cap-
itol Hill, Mr. Floyd described to the
House Judiciary Committee the
agony he felt as he watched the
video of George Floyd, his older
brother, dying while pinned under
the knee of a white police officer
for nearly nine minutes, gasping
that he could not breathe. The eld-
er Mr. Floyd was arrested over a
complaint that he had bought ciga-
rettes with a counterfeit $20 bill.
“I am asking you, is that what a
black man’s life is worth? Twenty
dollars?” Mr. Floyd asked. “This is
2020. Enough is enough. The peo-
ple marching in the streets are
telling you enough is enough.”
Mr. Floyd was the first witness
and marquee voice among more
than a half-dozen civil rights ex-
perts and activists at a hearing
called to consider the most expan-
sive federal intervention into law
enforcement that lawmakers have
proposed in recent memory, which
was put forth by Democrats this
week. His remarks came a day af-
ter his brother was laid to rest in
Houston, amid a groundswell of
public support for the Black Lives
Matter movement, widespread
protests that have convulsed big
cities and small towns alike, and a
rapidly unfolding national conver-
sation on race in the United States.
Chris Cameron contributed report-
ing.
Representative Jerrold Nadler opened the hearing saying, “I
can’t breathe.” Representative Jim Jordan stands beside him.
“Sitting here, coming to try to
tell you all about how I want jus-
tice for my brother, I just think
about that video over and over
again,” Mr. Floyd said in tears.
What happened to his brother,
he said, was “a modern-day lynch-
ing in broad daylight.”
His testimony added to the
mounting sense of urgency on
Capitol Hill to overhaul law en-
forcement practices and address
systemic racism in policing.
House Democrats have indicated
that they intend to act quickly,
with a vote on their legislation
planned by the end of the month.
Congressional Republicans, faced
with a rapid shift in public opinion,
are scrambling to coalesce around
a legislative response.
Representative Jerrold Nadler,
Democrat of New York and the
chairman of the committee,
opened the hearing with the
words “I can’t breathe,” quoting
the phrase uttered by Mr. Floyd
POOL PHOTO BY GREG NASH
and other black men who have
died in police custody.
“The nation is demanding that
we enact meaningful change,” Mr.
Nadler said. He called for Con-
gress to institute a new paradigm
for law enforcement that he de-
scribed as “a guardian — not war-
rior — model of policing.”
The Democrats’ bill proposes
significant changes to the rules
that govern how police officers op-
erate and how they can be held ac-
countable for wrongdoing, and
would make it easier to identify,
track and prosecute police mis-
conduct. It would curtail protec-
tions that shield officers accused
of misconduct from being pros-
ecuted, ban chokeholds and other
neck-pressure tactics like the one
used on Mr. Floyd, and mandate
that law enforcement officers use
deadly force only as a last resort.
The hearing, which stretched
through the day, was punctuated
by bursts of emotion, as Mr. Floyd
detailed the pain his family has
felt since his death. Representa-
tive Lucy McBath, a black Demo-
crat from Georgia, whose son, Jor-
dan, was shot and killed by a white
man after he refused to turn down
his rap music at a gas station, tear-
fully replied, “I know your pain.”
Tracing a connection between
her own loss, the death of Mr.
Floyd, and the death of Ahmaud
Arbery, who was fatally shot after
armed white residents chased
him during a run, Ms. McBath de-
scribed the continued violence
against black men as “a sucker
punch in my heart and my gut.”
“I pray every single day for our
nation,” Ms. McBath said. “I pray
every single day for every family,
and I pray that today, we finally do
something about it.”
Republicans on the panel said
they agreed that the nation’s polic-
ing needed to be overhauled, and
Representative Jim Jordan of
Ohio, the top Republican on the
panel, said the public was hunger-
ing for “a real discussion, real de-
bate and real solutions about the
police treatment of African-Amer-
icans.” But they spent much of
their time condemning activists
calling for defunding the police, a
proposal not included in the Dem-
ocrats’ bill.
And many of them appeared to
take issue with the animating idea
behind the protests and the Demo-
cratic legislation — that there is
systemic racism in law enforce-
ment — instead arguing that the
problem was “bad apples” in po-
lice departments, as Representa-
tive Kevin McCarthy, Republican
of California and the minority
leader, and several other Republi-
cans put it.
“From where we sit right now,
we believe the most actionable re-
forms must focus on three core
concepts: simple transparency,
training and termination of those
rare bad apples in law enforce-
ment,” said Mr. McCarthy, who is
not a member of the committee
but made a point of appearing to
introduce Angela Jacobs Under-
wood, one of the Republican wit-
nesses.
There were some glimmers of
bipartisan agreement. Represent-
ative Matt Gaetz, Republican of
Florida, and a close ally of Presi-
dent Trump, approvingly singled
out measures in the Democratic
package that would ban the use of
chokeholds and make lynching a
federal hate crime.
“You can count on Republican
cooperation as we hone these
ideas and hopefully pass them and
get them to the president’s desk,”
Mr. Gaetz told Democrats.
Representative Jim Sensen-
brenner, Republican of Wisconsin
and a former chairman of the Judi-
ciary Committee, endorsed the
proposal in Democrats’ legislation
to create a national registry of po-
lice misconduct. He also de-
nounced police unions, accusing
them of protecting “bad cops,” and
saying they would need to “step
up to the plate” in rooting out their
own bad actors.
“I would hope that as this de-
bate goes on we have speedier res-
olutions of getting rid of bad cops,”
Mr. Sensenbrenner said. “I see
nothing wrong with having a bad
cop database, but having a data-
base isn’t going to get somebody
fired who ought to be fired.”
Still, Republicans and the wit-
nesses they invited did not dwell
on specific elements of the bill, and
focused mostly on defending law
enforcement. Mr. Jordan equated
Mr. Floyd’s death with that of
Dave Underwood, a federal officer
who was killed in the line of duty
during protests last month in Oak-
land, Calif., calling both deaths “as
wrong as wrong can be.”
After Mr. Floyd testified, Re-
publicans called Angela Jacobs
Underwood, Mr. Underwood’s sis-
ter.
Congressional Democrats’ leg-
islation would not defund or other-
wise dismantle police depart-
ments, though it would condition
some federal grants on adoption
of anti-discrimination measures
and other practices meant to pre-
vent the excessive use of force.
But Representative Karen Bass,
Democrat of California and the
chairwoman of the Congressional
Black Caucus, a key sponsor of the
bill, told reporters she found Re-
publicans’ focus on the defund
movement on Wednesday to be an
encouraging sign.
“They’re talking about defund-
ing the police — fine,” Ms. Bass
said. “That doesn’t have anything
to do with what we’re doing. So
that makes me feel a little hope-
ful.”
After delivering his testimony
on Capitol Hill, Mr. Floyd visited
Black Lives Matter Plaza, the area
in front of the White House where
federal officials used chemical
spray to clear demonstrators pro-
testing police misconduct and his
brother’s death. Mayor Muriel E.
Bowser of Washington later di-
rected city workers to paint the
mantra in large yellow letters
down the street.
Flanked by his lawyer, Repre-
sentative Sheila Jackson Lee,
Democrat of Texas, and other pro-
testers, Mr. Floyd raised his fist
and shouted with them, “George
Floyd matters.”

Congresswoman Drew
On Decades of Activism
To Craft a Policing Bill
By NICHOLAS FANDOS
For Karen Bass, the riots that
erupted in Los Angeles in 1992 af-
ter the acquittal of four white po-
lice officers caught on tape beat-
ing an unarmed black man, Rod-
ney King, felt like a personal de-
feat. Having spent most of her life
as an activist against police bru-
tality and fighting violence in her
community, seeing her neighbor-
hood flare in fiery unrest made
her wonder what years of work
had accomplished.
“I just drove around feeling that
all of the years of my involvement
and all of the things I had tried to
do had been a failure,” she recalled
in 2011. “I failed the young people
because they felt no outlet other
than to destroy.”
Three decades later, with the
nation once again convulsing over
Taking lessons from
1992 and past
legislative proposals.
the brutal victimization, captured
on video, of a black man by white
police officers, Ms. Bass is wit-
nessing an eerily familiar moment
of national reckoning as she
emerges as one of the most influ-
ential voices in a rapidly shifting
debate over the future of policing
in America. She is determined to
ensure that this time the outrage
is channeled into lasting change.
Ms. Bass, now a fifth-term con-
gresswoman representing part of
Los Angeles and the chairwoman
of the Congressional Black Cau-
cus, has taken the lead role in
crafting the most thorough over-
haul of American policing in re-
cent memory — legislation that
Democrats plan to move through
the House by the end of June —
aimed at preventing excessive
use of force and addressing sys-
temic racism. It would make it
easier to track, prosecute and
punish police misconduct, pro-
mote new officer anti-bias train-
ing and mandate that lethal force
can be used only as a last resort. It
would also ban the use of choke-
holds and other neck-pressure
tactics like the one used on George
Floyd, the black Minneapolis man
who died after an officer knelt on
his neck for nearly nine minutes.
“It’s almost like the Scripture
says: She’s come for such a time
as this,” said Representative Bar-
bara Lee, Democrat of California,
who met Ms. Bass in the 1980s
when they were working on the
same issues. “This is a moment
that the country needs her leader-
ship, and she certainly has
stepped up.”
Ms. Bass, 66, has been many
things in her life: a middle school
activist, an emergency room phy-
sician assistant and a brown belt
in taekwondo — not to mention
the first black female speaker of
any state legislature in the coun-
try, in California.
Unlike the other lead authors of
the bill — Senators Cory Booker of
New Jersey and Kamala Harris of
California, who both sought the
2020 Democratic presidential
nomination, and Representative
Jerrold Nadler of New York, the
Judiciary Committee chairman —
she does not have much of a na-
tional profile.
But when the news of Mr.
Floyd’s death prompted protests
across the country and trained the
nation’s focus on policing, there
was no question that Ms. Bass
would lead the way for Demo-
crats. Not only was she the chair-
woman of the 50-plus-member
Black Caucus and the House’s
subcommittee on crime and ter-
rorism, but she was also one of the
few lawmakers in Congress with
the background and the authority
to hold together a fragile coalition
of elected Democrats, civil rights
groups and protesters on the
streets demanding change.
“She comes through it all with
the greatest gentility and
strength,” Speaker Nancy Pelosi,
a fellow Californian, said in an in-
terview
Still, it has been a tricky en-
deavor.
Ms. Bass has had to pull along
moderate white colleagues, for
whom support of the police has
been a political imperative, sched-
uling conference calls with the
Blue Dogs and other centrist
groups to ensure they understand
the measure and can embrace it.
She also toiled to persuade promi-
nent civil rights groups, who
wanted a bill that would be tough
on the police, to accept the pack-
age.
A letter with some 400 signa-
tures from the Leadership Confer-
ence on Civil and Human Rights
laid out eight demands — all of
them measures to hold officers ac-
countable or ban certain uses of
force. Later, they insisted that no
new funds be sent to departments,
according to senior aides who
helped draft the bill, a condition
that Democrats embraced. Even
so, they held off on offering public
support for the bill. Ms. Bass
worked the phones until they
agreed to do so at the 11th hour.
All the while, Ms. Bass was
keenly aware that the legislation
could collapse if Democrats al-
lowed it to be lumped with grow-
ing calls to defund and dismantle
police departments, as President
Trump and leading Republicans
repeatedly try to falsely paint all
Democrats as espousing that ap-
proach. She insisted that the bill
also include programs and pro-
posals to incentivize departments
to get better.
“ ‘Defund the police’ became a
slogan in the last few days,” she
said in an interview. “Nobody was
even thinking about that when we
were putting the bill together.”
There have been missteps
along the way. It was Ms. Bass
who hatched the idea for Demo-
cratic leaders, including several
who are white, to don colorful Afri-
can kente-cloth stoles on Monday
at a news conference to unveil the
bill, a spectacle that was roundly
mocked and derided as an exam-
ple of cultural appropriation.
Ms. Bass had thought the ges-
ture would show solidarity and in-
clusion, summoning the 400-year
history of mistreatment of black
people by white Americans, aides
said. But instead, the episode
briefly overshadowed the meas-
ure itself. Democratic officials de-
spaired privately, but Ms. Bass
urged them to just move on, they
said privately, arguing that the
work ahead was more important.
HAL GARAB/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
People seemingly “felt no outlet other than to destroy” during the
1992 Los Angeles riots, said Ms. Bass, who was an activist then.
RICH PEDRONCELLI/ASSOCIATED PRESS
For Ms. Bass, who as a younger
woman was repeatedly harassed
by the police herself for speaking
out, the memory of 1992 serves as
a reminder not only of how long
black Americans have been fight-
ing against state-sanctioned vio-
lence by the police, but also of the
power of tragedy to galvanize
change in America.
“The best change takes place
with outside pressure on the kind
of issues I work on,” Ms. Bass said.
“It’s not like the issues I work on
have 10 legal firms and lobbyists
and all that. If you don’t have
wealth, you have people. The
Representative Karen Bass, Democrat of California, met with
representatives of George Floyd’s family, above, on Wednesday.
Ms. Bass, a former speaker of the California Assembly, at left in a
2008 photograph, has been involved in politics since high school.
thousands of people out pro-
testing are moving Congress to
act.”
Ms. Bass has been an activist
since long before she was even
able to vote.
She grew up in Los Angeles dur-
ing the civil rights movement, the
daughter of a letter carrier. When
she was in middle school, she com-
mitted her mother to be a precinct
captain for Robert F. Kennedy’s
presidential campaign in Califor-
nia, and then did all the work her-
self. In high school, when her own
teachers were on strike, she rode
her bicycle to U.C.L.A. to sit in on
classes with Angela Davis, the
philosopher and activist who be-
came a symbol of the Black Power
movement.
At a hearing on the bill on
Wednesday, she noted that she
had begun protesting police vio-
lence the same year that Mr. Floyd
was born, in 1973. She also re-
called Daryl Gates, the onetime
chief of the Los Angeles Police De-
partment, calling a news confer-
ence to claim that the reason so
many black people were dying of
chokeholds in police custody was
“because our neck veins were dif-
ferent.”
Ms. Bass worked as an emer-
gency room physician assistant
during the early years of the AIDS
crisis — a time she remembers as
eerily similar to the coronavirus
pandemic — and as the crack co-
caine epidemic was ravaging Los
Angeles and other black commu-
nities across the country. Moved
by the decimation, she helped
found Community Coalition, a
nonprofit based in South Los An-
geles that canvassed the neigh-
borhood in search of solutions to
the drug epidemic and the vio-
lence it caused.
In 2004, she left the group and
made her first foray into elected
politics, winning a seat in the Cali-
fornia Assembly. She was elected
speaker in the spring of 2008. But
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
an agenda that included strength-
ening welfare programs for chil-
dren quickly gave way to the most
pressing financial crisis in Califor-
nia’s modern history. As the econ-
omy rapidly contracted and the
state faced mounting losses, Ms.
Bass worked with Arnold
Schwarzenegger, then the Repub-
lican governor, to close a yawning
deficit with unpopular spending
cuts to Democratic priorities and
new taxes that Republicans had
vowed never to support.
She was elected to Congress in
2010.
The push to draft the policing
legislation, the Justice in Policing
Act of 2020, was a frantic two-
week sprint. Ms. Bass oversaw it,
communicating sometimes late
into the night across a three-hour
time difference from her home in
Los Angeles to staff members
back in Washington.
It helped that the Black Caucus
had become over the years a sort
of brain trust for policing propos-
als meant to begin unwinding the
long-term effects of systemic rac-
ism. As lawmakers pieced togeth-
er the measure, they were pulling
DNA from bills going back dec-
ades, some written by pioneering
black lawmakers, now dead, who
never could have contemplated
the House actually taking them
up.
With the presidential election
looming, Ms. Bass had intended to
use 2020 to demand a fair census
and voting rights. Then came
Covid-19, which Ms. Bass has
spent months pointing out has dis-
proportionately killed people of
color. But it was the death of Mr.
Floyd on Memorial Day — cap-
tured in a video that quickly went
viral and inspired widespread out-
rage — that has fueled her current
assignment.
“That was a slow, torturous
murder, and the whole world saw
it,” Ms. Bass said. “I think it was
just one murder too many.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N A21

Struggle for Racial Justice The Military

Troops Shaken by Warlike Tactics in Streets of Washington

From Page A1
people of color, and one soldier said he
and some fellow troops were so ashamed
in taking part against the protests that
they have kept it from family members.
“Typically, as the D.C. National Guard,
we are viewed as the heroes,” said an-
other soldier, First Lt. Malik Jenkins-
Bey, 42, who was the acting commander
of the 273rd Military Police Company
during the first days of the protests. But
last week was different, he said.
“It’s a very tough conversation to have
when a soldier turns to me and they’re
saying, ‘Hey sir, you know my cousin was
up there yelling at me, that was my
neighbor, my best friend from high
school,’” said Lieutenant Jenkins-Bey,
who is African-American.
Interviews with two dozen military of-
ficials as well as texts, internet chats, au-
dio recordings, emails and documents
obtained by The New York Times also
show that: ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES AL DRAGO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Confrontations with protesters have been a source of conflict for Guard members. Armored vehicles have been driven by troops without the proper licenses.
■ Senior Army leaders — in an effort to
prevent what they feared would be a ca-
lamitous outcome if President Trump or-
dered combat troops from the 82nd Air-
borne Division holding just outside city
limits to the streets — leaned heavily on
the Guard to carry out aggressive tactics
to prove it could do the job without ac-
tive-duty forces.
■ Guard leaders issued a flurry of ad hoc
orders that put thousands of Guard
troops in face-to-face conflict with fellow
Americans.
■ Some of the Guard troops were just out
of basic training, and others had no expe-
rience in controlling disturbances in the
streets. Troops were allowed to drive
heavy vehicles on the streets without the
usual licensing.
In the next days, the Army is expected
to release the results of a preliminary in-
vestigation into why the helicopters — a
Black Hawk and, in particular, a Lakota
with the Red Cross emblem designating
it a medical helicopter — came to be used
to terrorize protesters in Washington.
Ryan McCarthy, the Army secretary,
acknowledged that he gave the order for
the helicopters to respond, but by the
time that order reached the pilots, offi-
cials said, it was interpreted as high pro-
file and urgent to disrupt the protests. Of-
ficials expect the pilots who flew the heli-
copters will receive some type of punish-
ment.
And when National Guard officials re-
quested written guidance allowing
troops without military licenses to drive
armored vehicles around Washington,
the officer in charge of the task force,
Brig Gen. Robert K. Ryan, said it was a
verbal order from the Army’s chief of
staff, Gen. James C. McConville. Written
confirmation never came, and a Defense
Department official with direct knowl-
edge of the situation said General Mc-
Conville never gave such an order.
The D.C. National Guard did not re-
spond to a request for comment.
Around 9:15 a.m. Monday, June 1,
more than an hour into Defense Secre-
tary Mark T. Esper’s weekly videocon-
ference staff meeting with officials at the
Pentagon, an aide slipped a note to the ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
secretary. “I’ve got to go,” Mr. Esper said, A protester confronted members of the National Guard near the White House, two nights after an aggressive confrontation in Lafayette Square.
ending the call and summoning top aides
for a smaller meeting on security in the
capital and in Minnesota.
The night before, some demonstrators
had hurled projectiles at the police and
other law enforcement authorities. The
night before that, six National Guard
troops had been injured — five hit in the
legs with bricks and one hit in the head.
Thinly sourced intelligence reports, with
no direct corroboration and highlighted
in a brief early last week, suggested that
fringe groups might try to use car bombs
to attack government and law enforce-
ment positions.
Mr. Trump himself was enraged by
news reports that he had been moved on
Friday night, May 29, to a White House
bunker because of the protests outside
his gates. The president was alarmed
and unsettled by the violence, and by
Monday, he was threatening to invoke
the 1807 Insurrection Act, which would
allow him to order active-duty troops
into cities across the United States. Gen.
Mark A. Milley, the chairman of the Joint ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Chiefs of Staff, objected, saying it was a
terrible idea to have combat troops
On June 1, the night of the clearing of Lafayette Square, a protester was treated for tear gas, while another urged people to stay clear of charging troops.
trained to fight foreign adversaries at
war with Americans.
A wild scramble ensued to use another Other states, like California, were deal- A few hours earlier, Mr. Esper had told Military officials scrambled to arrange photo opportunity at a nearby church.
option: Summon National Guard troops ing with demonstrations of their own and the nation’s governors in a conference transport planes to pick Guard members And, after that, low-flying helicopters
from other states to reinforce the 1,200 were reluctant to part with any forces. from the White House call with Mr. up and fly them to Washington. Most sent protesters scattering.
D.C. Guard troops already called up. Un- Some Guard commanders, recalling the Trump that troops controlling the pro- would not start arriving until Tuesday “The reason you didn’t see Guards-
like other Guard units, the D.C. Guard re- lessons of the Vietnam War and the testers needed to dominate the “battle morning, but officials expressed confi- men commanded by governors use
ports not to a state governor but to the Guard shootings that killed four Kent space.” Lieutenant Jenkins-Bey made dence they had enough on hand and en heavy handed tactics in states is because
Army secretary, who in turn reports to State students in 1970, were deeply con- clear to his troops in the following days route to tell the president that help was it devalues them, and increases tension
the defense secretary and the president. cerned about committing their troops to where he stood: “We’re not here to domi- on the way. at a delicate moment,” said Jon Soltz, an
From the Pentagon and a National a vaguely defined urban mission that But the 82nd Airborne, based at Fort Iraq war veteran who is the chairman of
Guard operations center on Monday in could put their forces in direct contact Bragg, N.C., along with a military police VoteVets.
nearby Northern Virginia, officials held a with American citizens protesting racial unit from Fort Drum, N.Y., was still By Sunday, Mr. Trump — under wide-
hastily arranged conference call with all injustice.
of the commanders of state National But General Milley and Mr. McCarthy
A torrent of criticism and headed to Washington.
The question was, where should the
spread criticism — ordered the Guard
from other states to return home.
Guard forces.
The appeal was blunt and urgent: How
warned the Guard throughout the day
that if it could not control the protests,
confusion, from both sides Pentagon put the incoming combat
troops? Attorney General William P.
On Tuesday, during a conference call
with commanders on the situation in
many troops can you send and when can Mr. Trump would most likely call in the of the ‘battle space.’ Barr quickly scuttled one proposal to
Washington, General Ryan, the task
you send them? Pentagon officials said 82nd Airborne. The pressure was partic- place them at the Marine Barracks just a
force commander, likened the defense of
they preferred troops with previous ularly intense on the D.C. Guard, which mile from the Capitol, saying he did not
Lafayette Square to the “Alamo” and his
training in civil disturbances, but they had the only sizable military force on the want the troops in the city. Officials
nate any battle spaces or anything like troops’ response to the huge protests on
knew they did not have time to be picky. streets. agreed on an alternative plan to deploy
Both Mr. McCarthy and General Mc- that, our job is simply to stand the line them to Fort Belvoir, in suburban Virgin- Saturday to the “Super Bowl.”
Some states with Republican gover-
nors quickly jumped in — Tennessee, Conville pressed Maj. Gen. William J. between the police and the citizens so ia. That military response has already
South Carolina, Utah. West Virginia’s Na- Walker, the commanding general of the that they can say what they need to say.” Thirty minutes before 7 p.m., when had aftershocks for those in the D.C.
tional Guard sent a reconnaissance D.C. National Guard, to increase his Mr. McCarthy, who served in the Washington’s curfew was to go into ef- Guard. In one mass text sent Sunday,
plane, typically used for border security forces’ presence in the city, according to Army’s elite 75th Ranger Regiment dur- fect, U.S. Park Police rushed into a crowd Guard leadership told troops “to be wary
and to spot drug smugglers. Along with a senior Defense Department official. ing the war in Afghanistan, pored over of protesters at Lafayette Square. Lieu- of ordering food from outside sources as
the troops, National Guard units from By 5 p.m. June 1, Lieutenant Jenkins- maps and strategized with Guard and tenant Jenkins-Bey, in line with his well as any conversations held while in
other states brought weapons and am- Bey’s D.C. Guard troops had positioned federal officials at a command post set up troops behind the police officers, said he public places.”
munition. Tens of thousands of rifle and themselves in a line behind the D.C. po- at the F.B.I.’s Washington field office in was taken by surprise as the assault with “Please be vigilant that some of the DC
pistol rounds were stored in the D.C. Ar- lice just outside Lafayette Square. The the city’s Chinatown district. tear gas and rubber bullets began. public does not agree with our mission
mory and partitioned in pallets, labeled lieutenant had often reminded them that This micromanagement was a last- After the assault, General Milley, clad and may have nefarious intention to-
by their state of origin, to be used on “this isn’t a deployment against the ene- ditch attempt to keep active-duty troops in fatigues, walked across the park be- ward our service members,” the text
American citizens in case of emergency. my.” outside the city. hind Mr. Trump and his entourage for a said.
A22 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Struggle for Racial Justice The Military and a Barrier
Trump Won’t Allow Pentagon to Erase Confederate Names From Bases
By PETER BAKER
and HELENE COOPER
President Trump responded to
waves of demonstrations for ra-
cial justice on Wednesday by pick-
ing a fight over the legacy of the
Confederacy, further inflaming
the nation’s culture war at a time
when tensions were already high
after the killing of George Floyd
and widespread street protests
against police brutality.
On the same day that Mr.
Floyd’s brother pleaded with Con-
gress to tackle racism in the
United States, Mr. Trump publicly
slapped down the Pentagon for
considering renaming Army
bases named after Confederate of-
ficers who fought against the Un-
ion during the Civil War. The
White House said the president
would go so far as to refuse to sign
the annual defense authorization
bill if Congress tried to force his
hand.
In speaking out on behalf of
Confederate base names, the
president positioned himself even
more firmly against the growing
movement for change that has
emerged since Mr. Floyd’s death
in the custody of a white Minne-
apolis police officer who pressed a
knee on his neck for nearly nine
minutes. While Mr. Trump has de-
nounced the killing, he has em-
phasized a law-and-order, pro-po-
lice message appealing to his
hard-core base and dismissed
complaints of systemic racism.
But he has appeared to be tack-
ing against the popular tide as
polls showed wide public support
for protesters in the streets, and
as various institutions in society
have scrambled to demonstrate
solidarity with the broader aims of
the demonstrations. Even some
sectors of American life that Mr.
Trump has catered to were break-
ing the other direction.
Only two hours after his de-
fense of Confederate base names,
NASCAR announced that it would
ban Confederate flags from its
races. The N.F.L. has already re-
versed itself to embrace kneeling
players protesting racism.
At the Capitol, Speaker Nancy
Pelosi called for the removal of 11
remaining statues of Confederate
figures, including Jefferson Davis
and Robert E. Lee, days after Gov.
Ralph Northam of Virginia vowed
to remove the statue of Lee from
the storied Monument Avenue in
Richmond, the onetime Confeder-
Emily Cochrane and Eric Schmitt
contributed reporting.
Forbidding Obstacle Turns Symbol of Hope: Changing Views on a Chain-Link Fence
By MARK LEIBOVICH
WASHINGTON — In its brief
life, the black chain-link fence sur-
rounding the White House has
gone from reviled to beloved to
something of a capital landmark,
however temporary. As with so
much in America these days, per-
spectives change fast.
“We’ve taken the negativity of
this wall and made it into some-
thing positive,” declared Adele
McClure, who was part of a crowd
of a few hundred protesters out-
side the White House late Tuesday
night.
Ms. McClure, of Arlington, Va.,
said her perspective had shifted
rapidly about the fence. “At first I
thought it was messed up,” she
said. It was a sign of a leader who
was isolating himself behind a
fortress. But she now views the
structure — which was installed
to protect the White House from
people demonstrating against the
killing caught on video of George
Floyd, an unarmed black man, in
police custody — as a symbol of
hope, beauty and “people coming
together to transcend walls.”
Other protesters were perusing
the chain-linked collage of signs,
messages and artwork that cov-
ered nearly every part of the 8-
foot barrier across Lafayette Park
— a kind of chaotic bulletin board
cluttered with “Black Lives Mat-
ter” logos, renderings of Mr. Floyd
and statements of ridicule, often
profane, aimed at the president
who lived inside the barricades.
The protesters were studying
the structure less as a forbidding
obstacle than as a makeshift art
installation. It was evidence that
cries for help like those of Mr.
Floyd, who gasped for air and
called out to his dead mother as a
police officer pressed his knee into
his neck for 8 minutes and 46 sec-
onds, can transform into rallying
cries. Or that an eyesore can be-
come an icon.
It was unclear how long the ac-
tual fence would remain here. The
National Park Service said on
Tuesday that the structure would
be gone on or about Wednesday,
but then said on Wednesday that it
was in discussions with the Secret
Service about the fencing around
Lafayette Park.
As of midday Wednesday, the
fence and concrete barriers en-
closing the Ellipse on the south
side of the White House had been
removed and hauled out by big,
yellow trucks. But the fence on the
ate capital. Other similar symbols
were being removed elsewhere in
the country.
Mr. Trump stretched credulity
again on Wednesday in insisting
that he has done more for African-
Americans than virtually any
other president, citing financial
support for historically black col-
leges and universities and legisla-
tion to overhaul criminal sentenc-
ing. He invited in cameras to
record him meeting with a half-
dozen black advisers and support-
ers, mainly, it seemed, to have
them echo his complaints that he
was not being treated fairly by the
news media.
But the president expressed no
sympathy for the idea of renam-
ing the 10 Army bases that honor
Confederate generals who were
traitors to the United States and
fought against the American mili-
tary to defend the slaveholding
South. Among them are Fort
Bragg in North Carolina, Fort
Hood in Texas and Fort Benning
in Georgia.
“The United States of America
trained and deployed our HE-
ROES on these Hallowed
Grounds, and won two World
Wars,” Mr. Trump wrote in a
string of Twitter messages.
“Therefore, my Administration
will not even consider the renam-
ing of these Magnificent and Fa-
bled Military Installations. Our
history as the Greatest Nation in
the World will not be tampered
with. Respect our Military!”
But the president’s outburst in-
furiated senior officials at the Pen-
tagon at a time when the com-
mander in chief and his top mili-
tary leaders have already been
clashing over how to respond to
the street protests.
Mr. Trump wanted to invoke the
Insurrection Act of 1807 to send
active-duty troops into the cities
to take on looters and rioters, only
to run into heated and eventually
public resistance from Defense
Secretary Mark T. Esper and Gen.
Mark A. Milley, the chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
With that rift still unhealed, Mr.
Esper and General Milley were
anxious to show understanding of
the public anger that has also
manifested itself among those in
uniform. They held meetings on
Tuesday to discuss the gap in the
military between its mostly white
officer corps and its diverse en-
listed ranks, where 43 percent are
people of color.
Mr. Esper and General Milley
discussed coming up with what of-
ficials called a “comprehensive
Zayden and Angelica Cuevas looked at protest signs Monday along a fence, above and below right, that went up outside the White
House a week earlier. Levi Robinson working on a mural in an area of Washington now known as Black Lives Matter Plaza.
northern perimeter that kept peo-
ple out of Lafayette Square was
still there.
Several people who had at-
tended protests here said the
fence had become a must-see at-
traction for them, a monument to
Fort Bragg, N.C., is one of the most prominent Army bases named after a Confederate general.
plan” to address Army base
names, Confederate symbols on
military installations and the
alienation that many service
members who are people of color
say they have come to feel in a mil-
itary where most of their senior
leaders are white men.
One Defense Department offi-
cial, who like others insisted on
anonymity to discuss internal af-
fairs, said the conversation went
beyond just the base names and
that the senior officials talked
about ways to unify white and
black service members on issues
that have been divisive.
But Mr. Trump grew upset
when he saw articles about the
possibility of renaming bases, ac-
cording to two administration offi-
cials. Mark Meadows, the White
House chief of staff, encouraged
the president to block any attempt
to change the names, the officials
said.
Mr. Trump opted to make a pub-
lic show of overruling the Penta-
gon, and preparations were made
to amplify his tweets once he
posted them. The scheduled brief-
ing by Kayleigh McEnany, the
White House press secretary, was
delayed about 50 minutes until the
tweets went online, and White
House staff members handed out
printouts of the posts to reporters
as the briefing began.
From the lectern, Ms. McEnany
MICHAEL A. MCCOY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
how random citizens can reclaim
a democratic space — how the so-
called People’s House can be ani-
mated from all sides.
Protesters and passers-by
could be seen at all hours of the
day and night taking photos of the
MELISSA SUE GERRITS/THE FAYETTEVILLE OBSERVER, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
said renaming the bases would be
“an insult” to the troops who
served there and then were sent
off to combat zones overseas. “To
tell them that what they left was
inherently a racist institution be-
cause of a name, that’s unaccept-
able to the president, and right-
fully so,” she said.
Ten Army bases honor
generals who fought
against the Union.
She added that Mr. Trump
would not compromise with law-
makers on the matter. “The presi-
dent will not be signing legislation
that renames America’s forts,” she
said.
Leaning into the argument, Ms.
McEnany then expanded on the
point, criticizing HBO Max for an-
nouncing this week that it has
temporarily removed “Gone With
the Wind” from its catalog over
concerns about the film’s romanti-
cization of the slaveholding South.
“Where do you draw the line
here?” Ms. McEnany asked.
Picking up an argument that
Mr. Trump has made, she sug-
gested that revered figures like
George Washington, Thomas Jef-
metal canvass. They filmed vid-
eos of themselves narrating the
messages and signs along a two-
block stretch of H Street, between
Vermont Avenue and 17th Street:
“Even the Old Suburban Guys
are Mad Now.”
ferson and Franklin D. Roosevelt
could be “erased from history”
next. She then took it another step
by suggesting that a highway
truck stop named after former
Vice President Joseph R. Biden
Jr., the presumptive Democratic
presidential nominee, could be re-
named because, by his own ad-
mission, he worked with segrega-
tionist lawmakers when he first
arrived in the Senate, and they
were powers in the Democratic
caucus.
Mr. Trump, a native of New
York who avoided military service
during the Vietnam War citing
bone spurs in his foot, has aligned
himself repeatedly with Southern
defenders of Confederate her-
itage, most notably during a rally
in 2017 in Charlottesville, Va., that
attracted white supremacists and
turned violent.
Among those who say it is time
to change the base names is Gen.
David H. Petraeus, the retired
Army commander in Iraq and Af-
ghanistan who served at Fort
Bragg three times.
“The irony of training at bases
named for those who took up arms
against the United States, and for
the right to enslave others, is in-
escapable to anyone paying atten-
tion,” he wrote in The Atlantic on
Tuesday. “Now, belatedly, is the
moment for us to pay such atten-
tion.”
MICHAEL A. MCCOY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
JASON ANDREW FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
“8 minutes, 46 seconds.”
“How Many Weren’t Filmed?”
“Color is not a Crime.”
The atmosphere among the pro-
testers has changed considerably
in recent nights, a marked depar-
ture from the tense and sporadi-
K
Maj. Gen. Paul D. Eaton, an-
other retired officer and former
commander at Fort Benning, criti-
cized Mr. Trump for his refusal to
consider name changes. “Rather
than move this nation further
away from institutionalized rac-
ism, he believes we should cling to
it and its heritage by keeping the
names of racist traitors on the
gates of our military bases,” Mr.
Eaton said.
The call by Ms. Pelosi, Demo-
crat of California, to remove the
remaining Confederate statues
from the Capitol will force law-
makers to consider their own
home.
“While I believe it is imperative
that we never forget our history
lest we repeat it, I also believe that
there is no room for celebrating
the violent bigotry of the men of
the Confederacy in the hallowed
halls of the United States Capitol
or in places of honor across the
country,” Ms. Pelosi wrote in a let-
ter to the top lawmakers on the
Joint Committee on the Library,
which oversees the statue col-
lection.
Representative Zoe Lofgren of
California, the top Democrat on
the committee, immediately en-
dorsed Ms. Pelosi’s proposal, say-
ing in a statement that officials
“should expediently remove these
symbols of cruelty and bigotry
from the halls of the Capitol.” Sen-
ator Roy Blunt of Missouri, the top
Republican on the panel, did not
comment.
During her first tenure as
speaker, from 2007 to 2011, Ms.
Pelosi oversaw the relocation of
Lee’s statue from a prominent po-
sition in National Statuary Hall to
the Capitol’s crypt. Congress has
allowed states to provide two stat-
ues for display in the Capitol since
1864, and in 2000, approved new
legislation that would allow states
to swap an old sculpture out.
But if Mr. Trump may not see
Lee’s figure at the Capitol if the
speaker’s plan is approved, he will
find another likeness of the Con-
federate general on Saturday
when he visits the United States
Military Academy at West Point to
deliver the commencement ad-
dress.
Lee, a West Point graduate and
later its superintendent, is hon-
ored throughout the academy. His
name adorns a gate, a road and a
barracks, not counting portraits of
him hanging on the walls.
cally violent clashes with the po-
lice in front of the White House
last week.
While still heavily policed and
fortified, the area has acquired
some of the ambience of a street
fair, with artists painting murals
of Mr. Floyd on plywood store-
fronts and street merchants
hawking Black Lives Matter and
“I Can’t Breathe” T-shirts and face
masks. Chants of protesters min-
gled with the carnival music of ice
cream trucks clustered down 16th
Street. The police were arrayed
farther from the White House
than they had been last week,
their presence reduced around
Lafayette Park.
Early Wednesday morning,
presumably in anticipation of the
removal of the north perimeter
fence, workers had taken the art-
work and reassembled it in front
of office buildings across H Street.
It was unclear how long the arti-
facts would remain there, where
they would end up or whether
they would receive some perma-
nent display.
But a new consensus appeared
to be at hand among the pro-
testers: These signs, flags and
mementos were part of history.
They should be preserved and
cared for as such, as artifacts of a
formative moment that was still
unfolding.
“As a black person, there are a
lot of places that you can’t go, and
this wall is symbolic of that,” said
Daniel Crittenden, 29, who had
just arrived in Washington after
an eight-hour drive from his home
near Hartford, Conn. “But it is also
symbolic of a movement to sur-
mount walls that is going on all
across the country.”
Mr. Crittenden said he had
never been to Washington before,
and he felt overwhelmed by the
volume of material to reflect on
along the fence. “It is a lot to take
in,” he said, adding that he hoped
some government agency, like the
National Archives, would collect
and catalog the artwork whenever
the fencing came down.
Either way, he said, it was im-
portant to witness these changes
in real time. It felt like history, he
said.
“All of a sudden it feels like an
exciting time and a hopeful time,”
he said. “It’s also a sad time, but
there is always that duality in
black life. There’s tragedy and tri-
umph and joy and perseverance,
all working together. You defi-
nitely feel that here.”

Struggle for Racial Justice Health, Science and Surveys
At New York Protests, Police Wear Protective Gear, but Many Skip Masks
By MICHAEL WILSON
Riot helmets, ballistic vests,
shields, batons — fully decked-out
police officers have become sta-
ples in New York City as the pro-
tests against racism and police
brutality approach their third
week. But increasingly, one piece
of equipment has attracted atten-
tion with its absence: the face
mask.
On any given day, any corner,
any group of officers, some or all
of them are not wearing masks.
Others wear them below their
chin. With masks having become
as ingrained as shirts and shoes in
the vast majority of New Yorkers’
wardrobes, their widespread ab-
sence on the police is striking —
and to a mayor and governor still
fighting the coronavirus pan-
demic, troubling.
“Police officers should be wear-
ing masks,” Gov. Andrew M.
Cuomo said during a news confer-
ence in Manhattan on Monday.
Likewise, Mayor Bill de Blasio, on
his call-in appearance on WNYC
on Friday, was asked why officers
were unmasked.
”I’m frustrated by it, too,” he
Reporting was contributed by Luis
Ferré Sadurní, Aaron Randle,
Nate Schweber and Ashley
Southall.
On Black Lives Matter, the Public Has Been Quick to Move to the Left
From Page A1
increase in unfavorable views of
the police, and an increase in the
belief that African-Americans
face a lot of discrimination. (The
survey is financed by the Democ-
racy Fund, a foundation estab-
lished by Pierre Omidyar, the
founder of eBay.)
Perhaps most significant, the
Civiqs data is not alone in sug-
gesting that an outright majority
of Americans agree with the
central arguments of Black Lives
Matter.
A Monmouth University poll
found that 76 percent of Ameri-
cans consider racism and dis-
crimination a “big problem,” up
26 points from 2015. The poll
found that 57 percent of voters
thought the anger behind the
demonstrations was fully justi-
fied, while a further 21 percent
called it somewhat justified. Polls
show that a majority of Ameri-
cans believe that the police are
more likely to use deadly force
against African-Americans, and
that there’s a lot of discrimina-
tion against black Americans in
society. Back in 2013, when Black
Lives Matter began, a majority of
voters disagreed with all of these
statements.
Will the recent shift in opinion
last? News events can some-
times cause a shift in public
opinion that quickly dissipates.
After mass shootings, for in-
A Major Shift in Public Opinion
In recent weeks, American voters’ support for the
Black Lives Matter movement increased almost as
much as it had in the preceding two years.
Voters’ net support for
Black Lives Matter
Don’t support Black Lives Matter
No Classes, No Meetings, No Reports: To Battle Racism, Scientists Halt Science for a Day
By DENNIS OVERBYE
Galvanized by the killing of
George Floyd and continued re-
ports that minority researchers
feel marginalized and disre-
spected, thousands of scientists
and academicians participated in
a one-day strike on Wednesday.
The event was organized by a
loosely affiliated group of physi-
cists and cosmologists operating
under various hashtags, includ-
ing #Strike4BlackLives, #Shut-
DownStem and #ShutDown-
Academia.
Participants canceled classes,
lectures or committee meetings;
held off on reporting any break-
throughs; and avoided engaging
with email and reading draft arti-
cles for peer review. Instead, they
devoted the day to a close exami-
nation of how science does busi-
ness.
“Racism in science is enmeshed
with the larger scheme of white
supremacy in society,” said Brian
Nord, a physicist at the Fermi Na-
tional Accelerator Laboratory in
Illinois and one of the organizers
of the strike, repeating a phrase he
attributed to his co-organizer,
Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, a cos-
mologist at the University of New
said. “The policy is police officers
are supposed to wear face cover-
ings in public, period.” But he
noted that compliance is far from
universal: “It has not been hap-
pening consistently. I have had
this conversation with Commis-
sioner Shea multiple times. It has
to be fixed and that bothers me.”
While police officers may forgo
mask-wearing for any number of
reasons, from peer pressure
within ranks that are loath to
change to a desire to more easily
communicate, the images have fu-
eled a perception of the police as
arrogant and dismissive of pro-
testers’ health — perhaps even at
the peril of their own.
And while several officers have
conspicuously knelt down with or
hugged people at rallies, the wide-
spread failure to use masks is cre-
ating a more standoffish look, one
that protesters say suggests that
the police operate above the rules
— one of the very beliefs motivat-
ing the nationwide movement.
“If you’re out here to protect the
public, it starts with you,” said
Chaka McKell, 46, a carpenter
from Bedford-Stuyvesant who at-
tended a protest in Downtown
Brooklyn on Monday. “The head
sets the example for the tail.”
The official New York Police
Department policy is that officers
should wear masks when interact-
stance, big spikes in support for
gun control typically ebb as soon
as memories of the bloodshed
fade.
But there are reasons to think
that the Black Lives Matter
movement might be different.
For one, the shift continues a
long-term trend in public opinion
that preceded the death of Mr.
Floyd. By the time of the 2016
election, many white liberal
Democrats held some views on
race that were to the left of Afri-
can-Americans over all, in what
some branded the “Great Awo-
kening.”
Perhaps surprisingly, the
election of Mr. Trump may have
helped move public opinion even
more. There’s a longstanding
tendency for voters to drift to-
ward the views of the party out
of power on various issues,
sometimes called thermostatic
public opinion. And whether on
gay marriage or civil rights,
American public opinion tends to
drift toward the side advocating
equal treatment.
With a majority of Americans
backing the protests, it’s also
possible that steps by political
actors could move opinion fur-
ther. The support of Republican
elected officials, like Senator Mitt
Romney, could give permission
for some potentially sympathetic
Republican voters to re-evaluate
their views on the issue.
Already, business and cultural
2018
Hampshire. “We need to rethink
what scientific collaborations
should look like. Black people
need a seat at the table.”
He added, “The idea is to dis-
rupt the system, at least for a day.”
As of Wednesday morning,
some 5,700 scientists had signed a
pledge to strike, and registration
was closed. The petition reads, in
part: “We recognize that our aca-
demic institutions and research
collaborations — despite big talk
about diversity, equity and inclu-
sion — have ultimately failed
black people.”
Demands for justice have been
met with gradualism and token-
ism, the organizers said, and black
students still often feel unsupport-
ed and unwelcome at predomi-
nantly white college campuses
and laboratories.
Many leading scientific jour-
nals, including Science, Physical
Review Letters and arXiv, an on-
line platform where physicists
post their pre-prints, said that
they would be silent on Wednes-
day.
In a notice sent to reporters on
Tuesday, the prominent journal
Nature, which publishes new re-
search papers every Wednesday,
THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
ing with the public. But in a state-
ment on Wednesday, the depart-
ment dismissed the criticism
about the lack of masks as petty.
“Perhaps it was the heat,” Sgt.
Jessica McRorie of the depart-
ment’s press office said in a state-
ment. “Perhaps it was the 15 hour
tours, wearing bullet resistant
vests in the sun. Perhaps it was
the helmets. With everything New
York City has been through in the
past two weeks and everything we
are working toward together, we
can put our energy to a better
use.”
Skipping personal protection
may come with a cost. The city is
still reporting hundreds of new co-
ronavirus cases each week, and
more than 40 members of the Po-
lice Department have died of
Covid-19, the police said. Just days
ago, Commissioner Shea an-
nounced the virus-related death
of Chief William Morris, who led
the transportation division.
As of May 29, the most recent
date that numbers were made
available, 901 uniformed mem-
bers of the Department — about
2.5 percent of the total number —
were out sick, down from 19.8 per-
cent at its peak in April. As of that
same date, 5,627 members of the
Department had returned to work
after testing positive for the coro-
navirus.
Two Weeks of Change
Though they started from different places, all kinds of voters moved
sharply in the direction of supporting the movement.
NET SUPPORT,
Party TWO WEEKS AGO VS. NOW
Democrat
Independent
Republican –39
Race
White
Black
Hisp./Latino
Other
Age
18 to 34
35 to 49
50 to 64
65+ +13
Source: Civiqs
said that it would hold off on doing
so until Thursday, with the excep-
tion of breaking news about the
coronavirus.
“Nature condemns police preju-
dice and violence, we stand
against all forms of racism, and
we join others around the world in
saying, unequivocally, Black
Lives Matter,” their statement
read. “We recognize that Nature is
one of the white institutions that is
responsible for bias in research
and scholarship. The enterprise of
science has been — and remains
— complicit in systemic racism,
and it must strive harder to cor-
rect those injustices and amplify
marginalized voices.”
The American Astronomical
Association said that its offices in
College Park, Md., would be
closed on Wednesday and that no
news releases would be issued.
Dr. Nord said the idea for the
strike arose a week ago in conver-
sations with Dr. Prescod-Wein-
stein, a friend. Both scientists are
“Black with a capital B,” as Dr.
Nord put it.
“We decided we needed to
make a strike for black physi-
cists,” Dr. Nord said in an inter-
view.
Then the protests began,
putting the officers, working in
large crowds, in the spotlight. The
new questions arise during what
seems, from the outside, to have
been an evolving relationship be-
tween officers and protective
masks. In the early days of the co-
ronavirus’s arrival in the region,
Uneven compliance as
focus shifts to the
demonstrations.
with cases seemingly few and iso-
lated, officers for the most part set
the masks aside, with the encour-
agement of their leaders.
On March 20, with the city mov-
ing toward a quarantine — bars
and restaurants had closed three
days earlier — Commissioner
Shea was asked at a news confer-
ence about officers without
masks.
“That could very well be a good
thing, quite frankly,” he said.
“We’re trying to conserve the use
of these and use them where ap-
propriate. And I think the medical
professionals would tell us that,
generally speaking, it’s better to
have the masks on the people that
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Support Black Lives Matter
2019
Elsewhere, Brittany Kamai, a
physicist at the University of Cali-
fornia, Santa Cruz, and the Cali-
fornia Institute of Technology, and
Jedidah Isler, an astrophysics pro-
fessor at Dartmouth, were also
pondering how to shut down the
digital highways of both science
and academia.
“There is no way that ‘business
as usual’ can continue while police
and other agents of the state mur-
der black people and are not held
accountable,” Dr. Kamai said in an
email.
Drs. Nord and Kamai and the
other physicists have all known
and supported one another for
years, Dr. Kamai said.
“From the beginning, the
groups of Particles for Justice,
ShutDownSTEM and Vanguard-
STEM” — which Dr. Isler leads —
“were in close collaboration to de-
velop what this would look like,”
she said.
Although the impetus for the
daylong pause came from astron-
omers and physicists, the effort
was aimed at all academia, not
just science.
Dr. Nord, who received his
Ph.D. in 2012, said that as far as he
knew, he was only the third ten-
ure-track black physicist at Fer-
are sick as opposed to officers
walking around in the street.”
Not long after, though, the gov-
ernor made masks mandatory for
all New Yorkers. Since April 17,
anyone visiting an indoor location
or unable to maintain social dis-
tancing must wear a mask — a
striking period of 54 days and
counting, perhaps indefinitely for
many.
And so, the sight of maskless of-
ficers, at gatherings that are pro-
testing police behavior nation-
wide, rankles some.
A Twitter account,
@nypdmaskwatch, has posted
photographs of officers without
masks, including their names and
badge numbers.
At a rally Monday outside
Brooklyn’s Borough Hall, 11 of the
13 police officers near one section
of the crowd wore masks, with the
other two having pulled them
down below their chins. But
around the corner stood 12 offi-
cers, only three wearing masks.
At the entrance to the Brooklyn
Bridge stood 38 officers and cap-
tains. Eight wore masks, some be-
low the nose, while 14 wore them
below their chins and 16 wore
none.
Asked about the masks, officers
mostly declined to comment or ig-
nored the question. One officer
institutions are shifting long-
maintained positions after days
of seeing mass protests spread
around the country. On Wednes-
day, for example, NASCAR said
it would ban the Confederate flag
from its events and properties.
Merriam-Webster said it would
revise and add nuance to its
decades-old entry on racism.
Of course, it’s also possible
that events could move public
opinion the other way. The tac-
tics of some protesters could be a
factor. Kneeling during the na-
tional anthem may be less effec-
tive at appealing to persuadable
Americans than the recent
peaceful protests, for instance. A
sense that protests were getting
out of control, with looting and
violence, could also harm the
public image of the movement.
And it’s possible that the move-
ment will face fresh obstacles as
it transitions from a critique of
the status quo to proposing new
policies like defunding the police,
which may hold more limited
support than police reforms.
There’s no way to know what
will happen next. After all, no
one just a few years ago would
have predicted that a majority of
Americans would say they have
a favorable view of Black Lives
Matter.
2020
Net support is a measure showing the percent of respondents who supported a policy minus the
percent who said they did not support it. Source: Civiqs daily tracking poll of registered voters.
milab. The first one had retired
around the time that he joined the
lab, and another left.
“We’re being replaced once per
generation,” Dr. Nord said. In a
personal statement on the Parti-
cles for Justice website, he wrote:
“When I was a child, I wanted to
grow up to share the beauty and
gifts of a scientific understanding
of the universe with the world.
I’ve had the privilege to find and
create knowledge for my fellow
humans. I’m one of the ‘lucky’
ones. How many have shared my
dream, but never got this close,
because of the science communi-
ty’s complicity through inaction?”
Dr. Prescod-Weinstein had a
similar story. “When I was 17 and
starting college, it was not my
dream to balance doing dark mat-
ter research while also organizing
against police and vigilante mur-
ders of black people,” she said in
an email. “Like all teen particle
physics and cosmology nerds, I
just wanted to be a theoretical
physicist.”
She and Dr. Nord said that they
wanted more than just another
seminar on diversity and inclu-
sion. Rather, Dr. Nord said, the
point was to “do something, join a
protest.”
N A23
who was confronted about the
matter by a young man in
Williamsburg on Saturday re-
sponded, “We’ve got more impor-
tant things to deal with.”
One captain who was walking
alongside protesters without
wearing a mask seemed to sug-
gest the decision falls to the indi-
vidual officer in the situation at
hand.
“The focus is staying at peace
with the protesters,” said the cap-
tain, who declined to give his
name since he had no authoriza-
tion to speak with the news media.
“This isn’t the ideal scenario, but
we’re doing the best we can. Ideal-
ly, officers wear their masks, they
take precautions and they stay
safe, but our priority right now is
the protest and the protesters.”
Crista Simiriglia, the manager
of the band Sunflower Bean, who
was passing out Gatorades from
the back of their touring van at a
nearby demonstration, was
struck by the lack of police masks.
“It was very startling and very
dangerous,” she said.
A musician in the band, Julia
Cumming, 24, said she was sur-
prised whenever she sees an offi-
cer wearing a mask. “I’ve come to
expect them not to,” she said. “It’s
just very strange. I’m generally
confused. They’re supposed to
give this sense of authority.”
The Upshot provides news,
analysis and graphics about
politics, policy and everyday life.
nytimes.com/upshot
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THE NEW YORK TIMES
A notice posted on the Particles
for Justice website suggested ac-
tions that scientists could under-
take to educate themselves and
advocate change. “The strike is
not a ‘day off’ for nonblack scien-
tists, but a day to engage in acade-
mia’s core mission to build a better
society for everyone,” it reads, in
part. “Those of us who are black
academics should take the day to
do whatever nourishes their
hearts, whether that’s protesting,
organizing, or watching ‘Astron-
omy Club.’”
On Wednesday morning, the
#ShutDownStem and #Strike-
4BlackLives Twitter feeds were
full of announcements on the sus-
pensions of classes and research
while scientists engaged in intro-
spection and education.
Daniel Holz, an astrophysicist
at the University of Chicago, said
that the strike was being taken
very seriously on campus, and
that there were plans for an after-
noon march organized by the as-
tronomy and physics department.
“The day will be full — and diffi-
cult,” he said. “Speaking for my-
self, I see members of our commu-
nity coalescing and really trying
to engage. Things have been so
bleak, but this feels hopeful.”
A24 N THE NEW YORK TIMES NATIONAL THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Struggle for Racial Justice Global Response
Race, Health, Closings: Johnson Finds His Agenda Overrun by Events
By MARK LANDLER
and STEPHEN CASTLE
LONDON — After a week when
protesters battled with police out-
side his residence, spray-painted
“racist” on a memorial to Winston
Churchill and dumped the statue
of a 17th-century slave trader into
Bristol harbor, Prime Minister
Boris Johnson knew he was going
to face questions about race and
justice in Parliament.
Yet, standing in the chamber on
Wednesday, Mr. Johnson seemed
nonplused when a lawmaker from
the opposition Scottish National
Party, Kirsty Blackman, con-
demned President Trump’s re-
sponse to the police killing of
George Floyd, a black man in Min-
neapolis, and asked Mr. Johnson if
he still believed his assertion that
Mr. Trump had “many, many good
qualities.”
“Yes, black lives matter,” he re-
plied, “and yes, the death of
George Floyd was absolutely ap-
palling.” As for Mr. Trump, the
prime minister said, he is the pres-
ident of the United States, Brit-
ain’s most important ally, which is
“a bastion of peace and freedom,
and has been, for most of my life-
time.”
Mr. Johnson’s statement landed
with a thud — and not just because
Parliament was sparsely popu-
lated as part of coronavirus-relat-
ed social distancing measures. At
a time when the unrest in the
United States is prompting many
in Britain to ask questions about
racial injustice in their society, the
prime minister is still struggling
to find his voice.
As with his response to the vi-
rus, Mr. Johnson was late to ad-
dress the protests that erupted in
London and other cities after the
death of Mr. Floyd. And when he
did, he oscillated between a hard
message of authority and a more
conciliatory tone: strident calls
for law and order followed by
promises to listen to the anguish
of black Britons and other minor-
ities.
On Monday, after days of si-
lence about the events in the
United States and their reverbera-
tion in Britain, Mr. Johnson posted
a video, in which he said the death
of Mr. Floyd at the hands of a po-
lice officer had “awakened an an-
ger and a widespread and incon-
trovertible, undeniable feeling of
injustice.”
But a day earlier, he accused
demonstrators who clashed with
the police of “thuggery.” He
threatened those who vandalized
statues with legal prosecution and
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warned them not to flout the gov-
ernment’s rules on social distanc-
ing, saying they could ignite a sec-
ond wave of infections in the coun-
try.
Mr. Johnson’s past use of racist
language makes his position as a
leader all the more complicated.
As a columnist in 2002, he once re-
ferred to “cheering crowds of flag-
waving pickaninnies,” an offen-
sive term for a black child, and to
African people as having “water-
melon smiles.” He wrote that see-
ing “a bunch of black kids” in the
street made him uncomfortable.
“We have a prime minister who
is on the record making racist
statements,” said Afua Hirsch, a
columnist at the Guardian who
writes and speaks about race in
Britain. She said Mr. Johnson led a
government that was “quite
transparently unfair and racist,”
La Guardia Terminal Open
After $4 Billion Overhaul
By PATRICK McGEEHAN
By the time New Yorkers return
to traveling on planes, they may
forget they ever hated La Guardia
Airport.
The airport famously derided
as “third-world” by former Vice
President Joseph R. Biden Jr. will
take a big leap forward on Satur-
day when its cramped, 56-year-
old Central Terminal is jettisoned
for an airy, art-filled $4 billion re-
placement.
It will be a notable milestone for
an airport long maligned as dingy
and decrepit.
But there will not be many trav-
elers around to enjoy the new ar-
rivals and departures hall in Ter-
minal B because the coronavirus
pandemic has brought air traffic
to a near standstill.
The number of passengers us-
ing La Guardia and the other air-
ports that serve New York City
has dropped by about 95 percent
since the virus swept through the
region. Airlines have slashed their
schedules, tourist attractions
have been shuttered and busi-
nesses have grounded their em-
ployees.
The drastic decline in move-
ment made for a muted celebra-
tion in the gleaming new terminal
on Wednesday.
Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, who
has made rebuilding New York
City’s airports one of his main mis-
sions, announced the opening and
cut a ceremonial ribbon with a
small retinue of invited guests, all
of whom wore masks.
Absent were the throngs of
elected officials and hangers-on
who have shown up for the vari-
ous groundbreakings and unveil-
ings at La Guardia since Mr.
Cuomo announced five years ago
that the airport would be com-
pletely rebuilt.
Still, Mr. Cuomo was clearly
pleased, calling the new terminal
“really breathtaking” and saying
it was the type of large-scale de-
velopment project that could en-
ergize the reopening of the state's
economy after months of lock-
down.
“We needed this today,” Mr.
Cuomo said. “We needed to see
New York stand up and shine.”
The pandemic did not signifi-
cantly affect the completion of the
main terminal, he said. But the
drop in traffic has allowed the Port
Prime Minister Boris Johnson, left, was slow to address the pro-
tests that erupted in solidarity with those in the United States.
Above, demonstrators gathered near his office in London.
which added fuel to the protests.
For some critics, there is little
difference between Mr. Johnson
and Mr. Trump. “You’ve got a bad
guy on both sides of the Atlantic,”
said Kehinde Andrews, a profes-
sor of black studies at Birming-
ham City University.
Unlike Mr. Trump, Mr. Johnson
has not used tear gas to break up
the demonstrations outside 10
Downing Street. He has not prop-
agated conspiracy theories about
the motives of the protesters. And
he regularly invokes the phrase,
“black lives matter,” which Mr.
Trump has not done.
Defenders of Mr. Johnson argue
that when he was mayor of the
London, he pushed for people
from ethnic minority groups to be
promoted in the Metropolitan Po-
lice. Ray Lewis, a Guyana-born
adviser who worked with him as
mayor, said Mr. Johnson had a
genuine interest in working to im-
prove the lives of young people
from the Afro-Caribbean commu-
Authority of New York and New
Jersey, which operates La
Guardia, to accelerate construc-
tion of the roadways at the airport,
he said.
With the opening of the 840,000-
square-foot building, the overhaul
of La Guardia will be more than
halfway complete. At the east end
of the airport, Delta Air Lines is
building a replacement for an-
other terminal that is scheduled to
open by the end of next year.
When everything is finished, it
will amount to the first wholly new
big-city airport in the country. The
last major airport to open was
Denver International Airport 25
years ago, Mr. Cuomo said.
The replacement of the old Cen-
tral Terminal, which opened in
1964, has been planned for a dec-
ade. But it was Mr. Biden’s mock-
ing several years ago that
changed everything.
Mr. Cuomo took offense and or-
dered the Port Authority to think
bigger and create a truly 21st-cen-
tury airport. La Guardia was an
“embarrassment” to the city and
the state, he said.
It also was widely reviled by
travelers. A survey last year by
J.D. Power ranked La Guardia as
the worst large airport in the
country.
“I just want it to be fixed,” said
Julian Shiff, a resident of
Williamsburg, Brooklyn, who had
just arrived from Denver Wednes-
day. “None of the New York air-
ports are good.”
Rick Cotton, the executive di-
rector of the Port Authority, said
that New York’s airports have
been “substandard” and that La
Guardia had become a laughing-
stock in skits on “Saturday Night
Live.”
“The experience at La Guardia
was disgraceful,” Mr. Cotton said
after leading a tour of the new ter-
minal. He pointed with pride to the
newest security screening tech-
nology, the contactless system for
ordering food and the much larger
restrooms.
He said he hoped that the new
building, filled with shops and
restaurants that evoke New York,
would help spur a resurgence in
air travel.
“Providing travelers with a
first-class airport experience is a
today issue,” Mr. Cotton said. “Air
traffic will come back. There will
KIRSTY WIGGLESWORTH/ASSOCIATED PRESS
nity.
More recently, Mr. Lewis said,
Mr. Johnson has spoken privately
of his anger over the Windrush
scandal, in which Caribbean and
other immigrants were wrongly
detained and, in some cases, de-
ported from Britain in 2018.
“He, like most other people
from privileged circumstances,
responds to the world according
to how he has been brought up,”
said Mr. Lewis who is chief execu-
tive of Eastside Young Leaders’
Academy, an organization he
founded to help Afro-Caribbean
boys in east London. “I have about
as much in common with him as I
do with Vladimir Putin, and yet
there was a kind of connection.”
Mr. Johnson noted that two of
the top four members of his cab-
inet are of Indian descent: Rishi
Sunak, the chancellor of the Ex-
chequer; and Priti Patel, the
Home secretary, whose criticism
of the protesters’ skirmishes with
the police has been more vocifer-
Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, who pushed to overhaul La Guardia
Airport, spoke Wednesday at the newly unveiled Terminal B.
be a vaccine and people will lose
their fear of getting on planes.”
Before the pandemic, La
Guardia was busier than it had
ever been, despite all of the con-
struction that made getting in and
out aggravating. Its short run-
ways were overburdened, and de-
lays were among the worst of any
American airport.
The rebuilt airport will sit on the
same, small piece of land, wedged
between the Grand Central Park-
way and the East River. But the
new terminals have been shifted
closer to the highway, creating
more space for airplanes to taxi to
and from gates but no more space
to take off and land.
Mr. Cotton spoke to reporters
on an elevated walkway 97 feet
above the ground, which air-
planes will be able to pass under
after the old Central Terminal is
demolished. That demolition will
begin this month, after the switch
to Terminal B is completed.
Among the features of the new
terminal will be an outdoor dining
area that will offer views of the
Manhattan skyline and jets taking
off and landing near the water’s
edge. It also has an indoor area for
passengers to wait for taxis and
eventually will have a station for
an AirTrain that will connect to
the No. 7 subway line and the
Long Island Rail Road, Mr. Cotton
said.
ous than Mr. Johnson’s.
One of the prime minister’s ex-
wives, Marina Wheeler, is the
daughter of an Indian mother. Mr.
Johnson likes to bring up his
great-grandfather, Ali Kemal, a
Muslim journalist who fled the Ot-
toman Empire for England in
1909, because, Mr. Johnson has
said, it was “a beacon of generos-
ity and openness.”
“Is he racist?” said Sonia Pur-
nell, a British journalist who
wrote a critical biography of Mr.
Johnson. “Probably not.”
Instead, Ms. Purnell, who is
white, said Mr. Johnson tailors his
statements to please his audience.
As a columnist for the right-lean-
ing Daily Telegraph, his slurs
against black people drew little
blowback. As the leader of a right-
wing Conservative government,
his call for law and order after the
protests appealed to his political
base.
“He is a crowd pleaser,” Ms.
Purnell said, “so the question is,
What crowd is he pleasing?”
In the early days of the pan-
demic, Mr. Johnson resisted un-
popular measures like shutting
down pubs. As a result, Britain im-
posed a lockdown later than its
European neighbors. Neil Fergu-
son, an influential epidemiologist
at Imperial College London, told a
Parliamentary committee on
Wednesday that if Britain had
acted a week earlier, it would have
cut its current death toll of 41,000
in half.
Mr. Johnson’s reluctance to or-
der a full lockdown also reflects
his instinctive aversion to govern-
ment interference, the “nanny
state” he often lampooned as a
journalist.
“He wants folks to have fun,”
said Tim Bale, a professor of poli-
tics at Queen Mary, University of
London. “But I’m afraid that we
are in a situation where folks can’t
have fun, and he finds that diffi-
cult.”
For Mr. Johnson, his seven
months as prime minister have
thrust him into a series of awk-
ward issues that often seem to
leave him flailing. He had hoped to
launch Britain into its post-Brexit
future. Instead, he is dealing with
a grinding public-health crisis, an
economic collapse and, now,
thorny questions about how Brit-
ain should confront its racist past.
“This is not the job he thought it
would be,” Mr. Bale said. “He
thought it would be about Brexit
and surging forward into the new
global Britain and sunny up-
lands.”
CHANG W. LEE/THE NEW YORK TIMES
The AirTrain, another of Mr.
Cuomo’s pet projects that has not
yet received all of the necessary
permits, has been a source of con-
troversy. Residents of the neigh-
borhood closest to the airport in
East Elmhurst have objected to it
as a potential eyesore, while tran-
sit advocates have criticized it be-
cause it will take travelers east of
the airport, where they have to
make a connection to reach the
terminal.
Mr. Cuomo defended the Air-
Train plan on Wednesday, saying
that in normal, pre-pandemic traf-
fic, “it can take you an hour easily
to get into Manhattan.”
The Port Authority has prom-
ised that the AirTrain, estimated
to cost more than $2 billion, would
provide a “reliable, 30-minute”
trip from Midtown to the airport.
But that project, and several
others the Port Authority has
planned, are in doubt now that the
agency has lost so much revenue
during the pandemic, Mr. Cotton
said.
The agency, which normally
funds its operations and building
with money it collects in tolls and
fees, has asked the federal gov-
ernment for $3 billion in emer-
gency aid to preserve its long-
term capital plan. Without that
help, Mr. Cotton said, the agency
will have to “triage” its ambitious
projects.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES OBITUARIES THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N A25

Lennie Niehaus, Arranger Who Set Inextricably linked

Eastwood’s Films to Music, Dies at 90
By RICHARD SANDOMIR
Lennie Niehaus, who became
well known as an alto saxophonist
and arranger for the jazz band-
leader Stan Kenton in the 1950s
before turning to a career as a
composer of film scores, notably
for Clint Eastwood movies like
“Bird” and “Unforgiven,” died on
May 28 at his daughter’s home in
Redlands, in Southern California.
He was 90.
His son-in-law, Owen Sheeran,
said the cause was probably
heart-related.
Mr. Niehaus had been with the
Kenton band for several months
when he was drafted into the
Army in 1952. He played in the
base band at Fort Ord in Northern
California and in a quartet that
performed at noncommissioned
officers’ clubs where Mr. East-
wood, a jazz lover, was a regular.
He returned to Kenton’s band in
1954 and remained until 1959, but
he did not reconnect with Mr.
Eastwood until the 1970s. By then,
Mr. Niehaus was orchestrating
scores for the composer Jerry
Fielding, including some for mov-
ies starring Mr. Eastwood, includ-
ing “The Outlaw Josey Wales”
(1976).
Eight years later, Mr. Niehaus
wrote the score for “Tightrope,” a
murder mystery set in New Or-
leans that Mr. Eastwood produced
and starred in as a police officer.
Mr. Eastwood wanted the score
at times to reflect the “cacophony
NATIONAL JAZZ ARCHIVE/HERITAGE IMAGES, VIA GETTY IMAGES
Mr. Niehaus performing with Stan Kenton’s big band in 1956.
He was prominently featured with the Kenton ensemble as both
a saxophone soloist and an arranger for much of the 1950s.
of music” that burst from clubs on
Bourbon Street. So he flew with
Mr. Niehaus to New Orleans,
where they walked along that his-
toric French Quarter street.
“Listen, hear those snippets of
music on the left and right sides of
the street?” Mr. Niehaus recalled
Mr. Eastwood saying when he was
interviewed for the website Jazz-
Wax in 2009. “Can you get that ef-
fect in the score?”
Mr. Niehaus’s solution was to
record eight different tunes in dif-
ferent styles by different musi-
cians, then fade the tracks in and
out in scenes where Mr. East-
wood’s character walked down
Bourbon Street.
With his score for “Tightrope,”
he became inextricably linked
with Mr. Eastwood, composing
scores for 14 films that Mr. East-
wood directed, including “Pale
Rider,” “Heartbreak Ridge,” “The
Bridges of Madison County,” “Ab-
solute Power” and “Space Cow-
boys.” Beginning in 2003, he or-
chestrated the music for six oth-
ers, most recently “Gran Torino”
(2008). (Mr. Eastwood himself
wrote the scores for four of those
films.)
For “Bird” (1988), the Eastwood
film about the pioneering jazz sax-
ophonist Charlie Parker, who was
known as Bird, Mr. Niehaus not
only composed and supervised
the music; he also taught Forest
Whitaker, the star, how to play and
hold himself onstage as Parker
had.
As the music supervisor, Mr.
Niehaus removed the piano, bass
and drums from some of Parker’s
recordings from the 1940s and
’50s because of their poor quality,
leaving only the sound of his sax,
and then brought in musicians to
record new tracks.
“I told the engineers, ‘Don’t sac-
rifice Bird’s sound,’ ” Mr. Niehaus
told The New York Times in 1988.
“So we got the best-sounding Bird
we could, and we added a rhythm
section that was compatible.”
Mr. Whitaker, who had played
baritone horn in high school and
could read music, had been prac-
ticing in a loft before starting his
tutelage under Mr. Niehaus.
“When I got the part, I bought a
sax from a pawnshop,” Mr. Whita-
ker said in a phone interview.
“When we met, he said, ‘That sax
is broken, let me get you one that
works.’ I had struggled so hard to
get a good sound, and when I got
the sax from him, I got a normal
sound.”
They worked intensively so that
Mr. Whitaker could master the fin-
gering and play the melody lines
(although his playing was not
heard in the movie). Sometimes
they played duets.
Mr. Niehaus said that Mr. Whit-
aker was “terrific” as Parker, but
that he had one particular flaw:
He rolled his shoulders while play-
ing, something Parker never did.
“Bird played as though his
shoes were nailed to the floor,” Mr.
Niehaus told JazzWax. “So I put
my hands on Forest’s shoulders to
hold them still so he’d understand.
But it was still hard for him, and a
bit of that comes through in the
film.”
Leonard Niehaus was born on
June 1, 1929, in St. Louis to Aaron
and Clariss (Weissman) Niehaus.
His mother was a homemaker. His
father, a Russian immigrant, was
a violinist who played in an or-
chestra that accompanied silent
films in theaters. In the mid-1930s,
after talking pictures had taken
hold, he moved the family to Los
Angeles, where he played in Hol-
lywood studio orchestras.
Lennie learned the violin from
his father, then began playing the
oboe in grade school. The big-
band music of the early 1940s
Lennie Niehaus, right, with Clint Eastwood on the set of “Bird,”
one of many movies that Mr. Eastwood directed and for which
Mr. Niehaus wrote the score. He also taught Forest Whitaker, be-
low, who starred as the jazz legend Charlie Parker in the 1988
biopic, how to play and hold himself onstage as Parker had.
made him a jazz fan and changed
his focus to the saxophone, which
enraged his father. In the JazzWax
interview, he recalled his father
telling him, “You’ll end up playing
in a house of prostitution!”
He bought his first alto saxo-
WARNER BROS., VIA PHOTOFEST
WARNER BROS.
phone because it was cheaper
than the tenor he wanted.
While in high school he began
playing in a band led by Phil
Carreon, for whom he also began
writing charts in the new style
known as bebop. He auditioned
to ‘The Bridges of
Madison County’
and ‘Gran Torino.’
for Kenton soon after graduating
from Los Angeles State College
(now Cal State LA), where he had
majored in composition.
The Kenton band played Gerry
Mulligan’s “Limelight,” and Mr.
Niehaus had the first solo. Kenton
liked his work on that and other
tunes and hired him.
Mr. Niehaus proved to be a deft
sideman and arranger before
leaving for the Army in 1952. After
his discharge two years later, he
was welcomed back by Kenton
and became one of the leading mu-
sicians in West Coast jazz circles.
His arrangements for Kenton
could be heard on every track of
“The Stage Door Swings,” a 1958
album of Broadway show tunes.
Tired of touring — and con-
cerned by the drop in jazz’s popu-
larity — Mr. Niehaus left the band
in 1959 and worked in Hollywood
as an orchestrator for the televi-
sion series “Hogan’s Heroes” and
films like “Straw Dogs” (1971),
“The Killer Elite” (1975) and “The
Bad News Bears” (1976).
Even during his years as a film
composer and orchestrator, he
performed with combos in the Los
Angeles area. His final album was
“Sunday Afternoons at the Light-
house Cafe”(2004), on which he
led an octet.
Mr. Niehaus is survived by his
wife, Patricia (Jarvis) Niehaus;
his daughter, Susan Lehrman;
and two grandchildren.
His love of jazz, satisfied in
Eastwood films, was further satis-
fied when he got to write the
Emmy-winning score for “Lush
Life” (1994), a Showtime movie di-
rected by Michael Elias about two
jazz musicians (played by Mr.
Whitaker, as a trumpeter, and Jeff
Goldblum, as a saxophonist).
“Other than ‘Bird,’ ” Mr.
Niehaus told The Times, “it was
the highlight of my career for film
scoring. I got to do what I wanted,
which is rare.” Like Mr. Eastwood,
he said, Mr. Elias was knowledge-
able about jazz.
“I’d say a piece should sound
like Sonny Rollins’s ‘St. Thomas,’
and he’d know it,” he said, “which
can’t be said about too many direc-
tors.”

Albert Memmi, 99, Author

Who Explored Alienation
During Self-Imposed Exile
By SAM ROBERTS
Albert Memmi, a leading
mid-20th century French intellec-
tual and writer best known for
nonfiction books and novels that
unraveled his anomalous identity
as an ardent anti-imperialist, an
unapologetic Zionist and a self-
described “Jewish Arab,” died on
May 22 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, near
Paris. He was 99.
His death was announced by
Olivier Poivre d’Arvor, the French
ambassador to Tunisia, where Mr.
Memmi was born and raised when
it was a French protectorate.
Although he was overshadowed
by Albert Camus and Jean-Paul
Sartre (both of whom wrote intro-
his homeland was not the French
nation, but the French language.
“I am a Tunisian, but of French
culture,” he wrote in “The Pillar of
Salt.” “I am Tunisian, but Jewish,
which means that I am politically
and socially an outcast. I speak
the language of the country with a
particular accent and emotionally
I have nothing in common with
Muslims. I am a Jew who has bro-
ken with the Jewish religion and
the ghetto, is ignorant of Jewish
Albert Memmi at his home in
culture and detests the middle Paris in 2004. One of his
class.
books, “The Pillar of Salt,” is a
“I am poor,” he went on, “but
desperately anxious not to be semi-autobiographical novel
poor, and at the same time, I about a Jewish boy growing up
refuse to take the necessary steps in French-colonized Tunisia.
to avoid poverty, a native in a co- MARC GANTIER/GAMMA-RAPHO, VIA GETTY IMAGES

ductions to his books), Mr. lonial country, a Jew in an anti-

Memmi was celebrated in Europe
An anti-imperialist
intellectual best
known for his books.
and Africa as an author and sociol-
ogist.
Among his best-known books,
some of which were later translat-
ed into English, were “The Pillar
of Salt” (1953) and “Strangers”
(1955), both autobiographical
novels; “The Scorpion” (1969),
another fictionalized account of a
mixed marriage, like his own; and
the nonfiction “The Colonizer and
the Colonized” (1957), which he
followed a half-century later with
a somewhat disillusioned verdict
on the fruits of national liberation
in “Decolonization and the Decol-
onized” (2006).
Mr. Memmi was consumed by
alienation, his own especially. He
supported Tunisia’s independ-
ence, but once that was achieved,
he left the fledgling Muslim state
and spent the next two-thirds of
his life in France in self-imposed
exile. Even so, he once said that
Semitic universe, an African in a
world dominated by Europe.”
Reviewing “The Scorpion” for
The New York Times, Richard
Locke described Mr. Memmi’s
earlier novels as memoirs “re-
corded with a cleareyed sensitiv-
ity, a modest candor and remark-
able strength.” He compared Mr.
Memmi to “a Tunisian Balzac
graced with Hemingway’s radical
simplicity and sadness.”
“But ultimately,” Mr. Locke
wrote, “it is Memmi’s heart, not
his skill, that moves you: the
sights and sounds of Tunis, the
childhood memories, the broth-
ers’ sympathetic and contrasting
voices, their all-too-human feel-
ings, have a resonance that re-
awakens for a while the ghost of
European humanism.”
Albert Memmi was born in Tu-
nis on Dec. 15, 1920, one of 13 chil-
dren of Fraj Memmi, a Tunisian-
Italian Jewish saddle maker, and
Maira Sarfati, who was of Jewish
and Berber heritage.
After starting Hebrew school
when he was 4, he graduated from
the prestigious Lycée Carnot de
Tunis in 1939. When France’s col-
laborationist Vichy regime im-
posed anti-Semitic laws during
World War II, he was expelled
from the University of Algiers,
where he was studying philoso-
phy, and sent to a labor camp in
eastern Tunisia.
When the war ended, Mr.
Memmi resumed his studies at the
Sorbonne in Paris and married
Marie-Germaine Dubach, a
French Catholic. They had three
children. The family returned to
Tunis in 1951, and he taught high
school there, but they left after in-
dependence was proclaimed in
1956. There was no immediate
word on his survivors.
Mr. Memmi became a professor
at the Sorbonne and received a
doctorate there in 1970. In 1975 he
was named a director of the
School of Higher Studies in Social
Sciences.
Among his other books were the
two-part “Portrait of a Jew” (pub-
lished in 1962 and 1966) and
“Dominated Man” (1968).
On Middle East policy, he de-
scribed himself as a left-wing Zi-
onist, favoring a separate Pales-
tinian homeland while viewing Zi-
onism as a form of anti-colonial-
ism, because, he said, the Jew
“has to fight for his national liber-
ation and create a nation for him-
self.”
In The Jewish Review of Books,
Daniel Gordon wrote in 2018 that
Mr. Memmi “has combined, per-
haps more than any other writer
since World War II, the compas-
sion needed to articulate the suf-
fering of oppressed groups with
the forthrightness needed to cen-
sure them for their own acts of op-
pression.”
Deaths
Dollar, Ceila Kampf, Louis
Gordon, Lucien Weber, Michael
DOLLAR—Celia
Wolin Korda.
Trustees and staff of The
Jewish Board extend their
heartfelt condolences to our
longtime Trustee Lynn Kroll
and her family on the loss of
her mother, Celia. May her
memory live on in her
children, grandchildren, and
their families.
GORDON—Lucien DDS.
Coral Gables, FL resident for-
merly of Manhattan, cher-
ished husband of Eva wife of
50 years, retired dentist,
passed away peacefully on
June 11. Alumnus of Horace
Mann, NY, Brown University,
Wharton, University of Penn-
Mr. Memmi said of his writings:
“All of my work has been in sum
an inventory of my attachments;
all of my work has been, it should
be understood, a constant revolt
sylvania Dental. Mensa
member. Born in Antwerp
Belgium arrived in New York
City in 1940. Proud US Army
member as Fiscal and Budg-
et specialist at Camp Zama,
Japan. Climbed Mount Fuji in
1954. He was a brilliant, gene-
rous, true gentleman and Re-
naissance man. Expert in-
vestment/financial guru, lov-
er of art, music, opera, stu-
dent of the US Constitution.
Avid follower of current
events with four newspapers
in hand. Passionate debater.
He was low key, unassuming
with a sense of humor, wry
wit and twinkle in the eyes.
World traveler, skier, sailor,
tennis player. Deeply loved
and missed by his wife, fami-
ly and friends.
KAMPF—Louis.
Louis Kampf, resident of
Cambridge, MA, died on Sa-
turday, May 30, 2020, in hos-
pice care. He was dearly
loved and is greatly missed
by his life partner, Jean Jack-
son, also of Cambridge. He is
also survived by his former
wife, Ellen Cantarow, of New
York City, a cousin, Howard
Radzyner, and many loving
friends. Louis was enormous-
ly gifted in the art of friend-
ship. He was born in Vienna,
Austria, May 12, 1929, to Os-
car and Helen Kampf, both of
against my attachments.”
“I was a sort of half-breed of col-
onization,” he once said, “under-
standing everyone because I be-
longed completely to no one.”
Deaths
whom were born in Galicia,
Poland. An only child, he ar-
rived with his parents in the
United States in 1942, after
several close escapes from
the Nazis. Louis graduated
from George Washington
High School. By then he had
built the foundations of his re-
markable life as an intellec-
tual. For instance, he was stu-
dying Hebrew and was fluent
in German, French, Yiddish,
and English. He received his
BA in 1951 from Long Island
University, where he played
on the basketball team. He
served in Korea with the U.S.
Army. He was a graduate stu-
dent at the State University of
Iowa from 1954 until 1958,
when he was appointed Ju-
nior Fellow in the Society of
Fellows at Harvard Universi-
ty, for a three-year term. Lo-
uis taught literature and cour-
ses addressing social and pol-
itical problems at the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Techno-
logy from 1961 to 1995. In 1970
he became Professor of
Literature, later adding Wo-
men's and Gender Studies to
his title. He served as Head of
the Literature Section from
1967 to 1969. He helped estab-
lish MIT's Women's Studies
Program, which became offi-
cial in 1984. In 1995 the Louis
Kampf Writing Prize, spon-
sored by The Program in Wo-
men's and Gender Studies,
was established in his honor.
He was an extraordinarily
gifted teacher and mentor.
During an uprising of anti-
Vietnam War activists and fe-
minists at the 1968 conven-
tion of the Modern Language
Association, Louis was ar-
rested for postering, then
nominated from the floor and
elected as second vice-
president of the Modern Lan-
guage Association. He would
succeed in two years to the
organization's presidency,
and spearhead a revolution in
curriculum and institutional
change that reverberated
throughout the profession.
Along the way he was a foun-
der of the MLA Radical Cau-
cus and the journal, Radical
Deaths
Teacher. In 1967 he published
On Modernism; The Pros-
pects for Literature and Free-
dom, which received rave re-
views and won a Modern
Language Association prize.
In 1972 he co-edited, with Paul
Lauter, The Politics of Litera-
ture. He also published many
essays and reviews on litera-
ture, education, feminism, the
proper role of the academy
and national and internation-
al politics. He served on the
editorial boards of The Femi-
nist Press and of Signs, A
Journal of Women and Cul-
ture. Throughout his entire
life he was active in Left poli-
tics, and played a key role in
the development of “Move-
ment” organizations, among
them Resist, The Center for
Critical Education, (publisher
of Radical Teacher) and the
New University Conference.
He lectured at dozens of uni-
versities and conferences
throughout the world. Louis'
encyclopedic mind astound-
ed all who had the opportuni-
ty to witness the breadth of
knowledge stored therein, not
only of linguistics, literature,
history and philosophy, but in
music (especially classical
and jazz) and sports (espe-
cially baseball, with a special
animus toward the Red Sox
and the Yankees). Donations
should be sent to: Haymarket
Peoples Fund:
haymarket.org and The
Theater Offensive:
thetheateroffensive.org
WEBER—Dr. Michael
Lloyd.
The partners, counsel, asso-
ciates and staff of the firm of
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton
& Garrison LLP express pro-
found sorrow at the death on
June 1st of Dr. Michael Lloyd
Weber, beloved father of our
friend and Chief Legal
Project Management Officer,
Nicole Weber. We express
our deepest sympathies to
Nicole and her husband
Dave, their daughter Mikay-
la, his second wife Anna Ste-
glich and to all other mem-
bers of the family.
A26 THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

EDITORIAL LETTERS

Senator Grassley, Don’t Back Down Encouraging Masks and Social Distancing
TO THE EDITOR:
Re “How to Get People to Wear
Masks,” by Angela Duckworth,
Lyle Ungar and Ezekiel J. Emanuel
(Op-Ed, May 29):
The public health establishment
makes a mistake in suggesting
that a mask should be worn not to
protect the wearer but to protect
others. Immediately this provokes
two responses — first, I’m not sick,
so I don’t need to wear a mask, and
second, I don’t care about others.
A plain old fabric mask may not
provide as much protection as an
N95, but I understand that depend-
ing on the type of fabric, it will stop
as much as 70 percent of virus-size
particles. Certainly that qualifies
as “protection.” And fabric masks
obviously protect the wearer from
inbound globs of snot or saliva that
might come from other people
sneezing, coughing, singing or
shouting.
Even Trump supporters might
get with the program if it were put
in these terms: I don’t wear a
mask to protect others; I wear it to
protect myself.
KATHLEEN LOOMIS, LOUISVILLE, KY.
TO THE EDITOR:
ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES Not long before the pandemic hit, I
received the worst kind of sur-
prise: a stage IV lung cancer diag-
There are emerging glimmers that even some top Republi- the National Counterterrorism Center” nor “the nomination
can officials are growing weary of some of their president’s of Marshall Billingslea to be the under secretary for arms nosis at age 45. Nothing in my
assaults on democracy. control and international security at the State Department” medical history pointed to the
likelihood of something like this,
but, nevertheless, I find myself in
an especially vulnerable category.
I’m grateful to those who wear
masks.
If the well-being of strangers is
unimportant to those who choose
not to wear masks, I urge them to
think about themselves and their
loved ones. It’s quite possible that,
unknowingly, they, too, are in an
especially vulnerable category.
MICHAEL ECHENBERG, BROOKLYN
TO THE EDITOR:
As we move slowly into reopening
our places of business and having
social gatherings, however long
this process may take, I have a
heartfelt plea for restaurateurs,
store owners, and the owners of
bars, lounges and other places. We
know that your cashiers, hosts,
servers, bartenders and other staff
will still need to wear protective
gear. So please, in the name of our
humanity and our hearts, ask them
to use transparent plastic face
shields instead of masks.
Let us smile at one another, see
one another’s faces, greet and
interact like civilized people. Let us
see one another again. We’re tired
of being alone!
DAVID G. WHITEIS, CHICAGO
TO THE EDITOR:

Last Thursday, Senator Chuck Grassley of Iowa, the until the president explained himself. The protests for opening up the
longest-serving Republican now in the Senate, put the White Perhaps coincidentally, Mr. Grassley’s move came one country have been much on my
mind. On the day my gym re-
House on notice. day after Mr. Linick told House members that he’d been re- A New Low for Trump opened, I heard an exchange that
Known as an advocate of vigorous oversight of the ex- moved from office shortly after seeking to interview Mr. TO THE EDITOR: will forever be seared into my
ecutive, Mr. Grassley had for some time been stewing about Pompeo about his role in a questionable arms sale to Saudi Re “Trump Smears a Protester, 75, brain.
President Trump’s removal of inspectors general, the quasi- Arabia. He also testified that a top department official and Hurt in Buffalo” (front page, June Gym members were asked to
independent internal watchdogs tasked with overseeing longtime friend of Mr. Pompeo’s, Brian Bulatao, had pres- 10): space six feet apart and enter one
federal agencies. In recent months, the president has sured him to abandon the inquiry. A quote attributed to Abraham at a time for a temperature check
pushed out five inspectors general (including acting I.G.s), The real problem, of course, goes far beyond Mr. Lincoln goes, “I would rather be a and a few questions. One member,
little nobody than to be an evil let’s call her Tan Queen, pressed
with more dismissals expected. In the process, he has not Trump’s failure to observe reporting requirements. Since too close to another member, who
somebody.” When President Trump
even pretended to abide by the law requiring him to provide taking office, this president has worked to destroy individu- falsely accused 75-year-old Martin immediately stepped away the
Congress with explanations for the terminations. He simply als and institutions that attempt to hold his administration Gugino of being an antifa member requested distance.
informed lawmakers that he had lost confidence in the offi- accountable. His animus toward inspectors general, whom and staging his own fall, he hit an Tan Queen said to the rule fol-
cials. he sees as part of a conspiracy against him, is just a tiny all-time low and embodied the lower: “You don’t have to move
Mr. Grassley had seen enough. slice of the contempt for checks and balances that has come worst kind of bully. Not only did he away. I’m not a believer, so know
hit a man when he was down — a all these rules don’t matter.”
“Im placing holds on 2 Trump Admin noms until I get to define his presidency. Yet, time and again, Republican man recovering from a head wound Rule follower: “I am a believer.
reasons 4firing 2 agency watchdogs as required by law,” the lawmakers have declined to rein him in. in the hospital — he attacked a My husband is a doctor, and his
Iowa Republican tweeted, in the choppy parlance of social Congress is still It is not too late. On Monday, the white protester who was injured partner is going to die today.
media. “All I want is a reason 4 firing these ppl CHECKS- owed answers Government Accountability Office, risking his life in the name of jus- They’re taking him off the ventila-
&BALANCES” which keeps watch for Congress over tice for black men and women. tor.”
about President
Whatever his view of the purges, Mr. Grassley is irked how taxpayer money is spent, released At 75, Mr. Gugino is in the high-
Trump’s risk population for Covid-19. His MARILYN WAGNER, CARMEL, IND.
by the president’s disrespect for Congress. In response to dismissal of a report outlining ways that lawmakers friends and neighbors describe him
Mr. Trump’s April 3 announcement that he was firing Mi- inspectors could attempt to safeguard the inde- as gentle and kind; had he wit-
chael Atkinson, the former inspector general for the intelli- general from a pendence of inspectors general. Includ- nessed somebody bleeding on the
number of ed among the suggestions: prohibiting ground, he would have rushed to
Don’t Delay a Colonoscopy
gence community who played a tangential role in the presi-
dent’s impeachment, Mr. Grassley demanded “more de- federal agencies. the removal of I.G.s except for cause; their aid. He absolutely would not TO THE EDITOR:

expanding reporting requirements; have disparaged them on Twitter Re “Effects of a Delayed Colonos-
tailed reasoning” by April 13 — a request the White House
with sinuous lies to tarnish their copy” (In Brief item, Science
ignored. The senator made a similar request following the beefing up the processes for “identifying and mitigating” name. Only an evil somebody Times, June 9):
May 15 ouster of Steven Linick, the former inspector general threats to the I.G.s’ independence; and tightening the rules would do that. I turned 50 last October and
of the State Department, whom Mr. Trump dismissed at the about who can serve as an acting I.G. visited my doctor shortly after-
ANDREW GINSBURG
request of Secretary of State Mike Pompeo. Mr. Linick had There are reform ideas floating around Capitol Hill that SOUTHPORT, CONN. ward. He congratulated me on this
been investigating the secretary for possible abuse of office. could provide a launchpad for discussion. Last month, a milestone and gave me a list of
Mr. Grassley’s letter to the White House also expressed week after Mr. Linick’s firing, Mr. Grassley said that he was vaccines and tests to have done. I
scheduled my first colonoscopy for
concern that, at both the State and the Transportation De- working on a bipartisan bill that would bar a political ap-
What Protesters Know mid-January.
partments, the president had replaced the ousted inspectors pointee within a department from also serving as its acting I have no family history of colon
TO THE EDITOR:
general with political appointees from within the agency, inspector general. Senator Chris Murphy of Connecticut and cancer and was not worried, ex-
who reportedly planned to keep their political appointments Representative Jim Cooper of Tennessee, both moderate The amount of protesters across cept for the prep part, which I had
America is staggering. While heard was onerous. Turns out the
while serving as I.G. This would, he pointed out, give them Democrats, have introduced legislation establishing seven-
George Floyd’s murder was the prep and the test were easier than
“oversight of and access to all confidential inspector general year terms for inspectors general and setting standards for trigger, the underlying cause is anticipated. A week later I got the
information, including whistle-blower complaints and iden- their removal. that people under 40 are worried news that a polyp discovered dur-
tities,” while still reporting to the department secretary. Mr. Grassley has taken a small but concrete step in re- about climate change, pollution, ing the procedure was malignant.
(The senator is a big champion of whistle-blower protec- asserting Congress’s oversight authority. His effort should the widening gap between rich and A week after that, I had surgery to
tions.) be encouraged and supported by his colleagues. Of the pres- poorer, and the current mess our remove a foot of my colon.
democracy is in. I am fortunate to not (yet) need
On May 26, Pat Cipollone, the White House counsel, re- ident’s firing decisions, Mr. Grassley warned, in an official In my 90 years I’ve observed
sponded with a letter that provided no explanations, even as statement for the Senate record: “Without sufficient expla- any further treatment. The sur-
some terrible things, but the future geon said the doctor who advised
it asserted the president’s “constitutional and statutory au- nation, the American people will be left speculating whether for our young generations is me to have the test saved my life. I
thority” to do what he had done. political or self-interests are to blame.” bleaker, and they sense it. disagree; I saved my own life by
Unimpressed, and perhaps weary of being humiliated, Lawmakers unwilling to stand up to Mr. Trump and his DEREK HUMPHRY scheduling the colonoscopy.
Mr. Grassley at last moved beyond letter-writing. Last escalating attacks on accountability should be increasingly JUNCTION CITY, ORE. Please get your colonoscopy,
Thursday, his office announced that he would “not consider concerned that the American people are wondering the The writer is an activist for legal now.
the nomination of Christopher C. Miller to be the director of same about them. assisted dying for the terminally ill. MARY K. HERZOG, ROSE VALLEY, PA.

NICHOLAS KRISTOF

When It Works to ‘Defund the Police’

“DEFUND THE POLICE” is a catchy phrase,
but some Americans hear it and imagine a
home invasion, a frantic call to 911 — and
then no one answering the phone.
That’s not going to happen. Rather,
here’s a reassuring example of how de-
funding has worked in practice.
In the 1990s, both the United States and
Portugal were struggling with how to re-
spond to illicit narcotics. The United
States doubled down on the policing tool-
box, while Portugal followed the advice of
experts and decriminalized the pos-
session even of hard drugs.
So in 2001, Portugal, to use today’s ter-
minology, defunded the police for routine
drug cases. Small-time users get help
from social workers and access to free
methadone from roving trucks.
This worked — not perfectly, but pretty
well. As I found when I reported from Por-
tugal a few years ago, the number of her-
oin users there fell by three-quarters and
the overdose fatality rate was the lowest
in Western Europe. Meanwhile, after dec-
ades of policing, the United States was los-
ing about 70,000 Americans a year from
overdoses. In effect, Portugal appeared to
be winning the war on drugs by ending it.
That’s the idea behind “Defund the Po-
lice” as most conceive it — not to eliminate
every police officer but to reimagine ways
to make us safe that don’t necessarily in-
volve traditional law enforcement.
This conversation is long overdue. But
I’m also worried that the phrase will
amount to a gift to President Trump and
Mitch McConnell. A recent poll found only
16 percent of respondents favor cutting
funds for police departments, even as
huge majorities acknowledged racial bias
in policing and favored police reforms.
Only 33 percent of black respondents and
17 percent of Hispanic respondents fa-
vored cutting police funding.
Trump is already trying to score points
from the phrase. “Defunding Police would
be good for Robbers & Rapists,” he
tweeted, quoting a senator.
James Forman Jr., a Yale law professor
who wrote a Pulitzer Prize-winning book,
“Locking Up Our Own,” shares concerns
about the phrase but is also thrilled at the
discussions it has provoked about alterna-
tive ways to achieve public safety.
“I cannot tell you how excited I am
about this reimagining conversation,” he
said.
Forman noted that it will be compli-
cated and that there are risks of discrimi-
natory underpolicing as well as of dis-
criminatory overpolicing. In the 1960s, the
problem was racist underpolicing: Liberal
organizations documented how rarely the
police patrolled in black neighborhoods
and filed lawsuits to get more police pro-
tection.
Ali H. Mokdad, a health specialist at the
University of Washington, argues that
Don’t take the term
literally. The plan isn’t
to get rid of all cops.
racism is more dangerous than the coro-
navirus, because eventually there will be
a vaccine for the virus. And in tackling rac-
ism, he says, there are many lessons from
public health research.
“Defund the police for certain services
and move them to social work,” he ad-
vised. He suggested that domestic vio-
lence, youth offenders, alcoholism, addic-
tion, mental illness and homelessness
would often be better handled by social
workers or other non-police professionals.
“Having an armed person intervene
causes more harm sometimes for the per-
son who needs help,” Mokdad said.
The most effective anti-crime measure
in recent decades was probably some-
thing that had nothing to do with policing:
the removal of lead from gasoline, result-
ing in less lead poisoning among young
children. Lead poisoning impairs brain de-
velopment and is associated, years later,
with increased risk of criminal activity.
Every study shows that reducing lead
poisoning (typically from paint chips)
pays for itself many times over, and that
should be a priority with funds reallocated
from the police.
School programs like Becoming a Man
and gang-outreach initiatives like Cure Vi-
olence have shown that they make the
public safer, so they, too, should be candi-
dates for public safety funding.
Adrian Raine, a criminologist and neu-
roscientist at the University of Pennsylva-
nia, endorses public health measures but
acknowledges that some take time, while
reduced policing could have immediate
consequences. “Having had my house
burgled six times in 13 years, I can appre-
ciate the alternative perspective,” he said.
But we invest $100 billion annually in
policing across the nation, and the system
just isn’t working. It’s often racist and nei-
ther effective nor equitable, dispropor-
tionately failing black Americans but also
letting down white Americans. One of my
(white) high school classmates in Oregon
lost a son to a police shooting two years
ago; Kelly desperately needed drug treat-
ment, not six bullets.
Look at the videos of George Floyd, or of
the 75-year-old Buffalo protester being
pushed down and left bleeding from the
head — or simply at the way policing has
done nothing to reduce carnage from drug
overdoses.
After decades of incremental reforms,
anti-racism activists are fundamentally
correct about the overuse and overmilita-
rization of policing in America. Something
is wrong when three million American
students are in schools that have a police
officer but not a nurse.
Yes, I still want someone to pick up
when I call 911. But whatever terminology
we use, it’s long past time to reimagine po-
licing in America. 0
 THE NEW YORK TIMES OP-ED THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N A27

GAIL COLLINS Anishinaabe activist, helped organize

people to create their own fire patrols.
City leaders recognized the importance

Trump Shakes: of the community response. The City

Council president, Lisa Bender, wrote on
Twitter that “we see how community

Mitt’s on members are working to keep each other

safe.” Mr. Ellison wrote, “Every night it
blows me away how successful these civil-

The Move ian patrols have been.”

GO MITT!
Back in 2016 when Donald Trump was
elected, the world was so upside down you
might have believed almost any predic-
tion of our strange future. But I’ll bet you’d
still have been skeptical if somebody told
you Mitt Romney would turn into an inspi-
rational political figure.
Yes! The same guy who ran one of the
most boring presidential races in modern
history. (“There’s no question it’s not good
being poor.”) Early this year he turned
into an impeachment hero. Now he’s call-
ing for “a voice against racism” and
marching for Black Lives Matter.
And driving Donald Trump nuts. No ho-
lier a grail than that. Yet there’s still one
more little thing. Mitt can’t bring himself
to say that people should support Joe Bi-
den. He’s keeping his own voting plans se-
cret. There’s a lot of speculation he’s going
to write in his wife’s name, like he did in
2016.
That’s a pretty pale rebellion. It’s like
saying you’re going to sit home on Elec-
tion Day and sulk.
Same story for Alaska’s Lisa
Murkowski, who says she’s “struggling”
to figure out what to do. Last week
Murkowski responded fervently in sup-
port of former Defense Secretary Jim
Mattis’s anti-Trump essay in which he
urged Americans to “unite without him”
and create a better world. There are, ev-
erybody knows, a great many things the
country needs to do to make a brighter to-
When the Police Lost Legitimacy
advantage of confusion to sow destruc-
Hahrie Han tion.
Yet a network of community defenders
LAYLAH AMATULLAH BARRAYN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
required a carefully networked response
that was grounded in trusted community
relationships.
Leaders put out calls on social media
Abdulahi Farah, a Somali organizer,
told me, “White men slept overnight in a
mosque with Muslim leaders to protect it.”
When some neighborhood patrols began
to veer toward profiling racial minorities,
community members widely circulated a
set of directions about how to hold one an-
other accountable for staying true to their
values, instead of recreating a police state.
This work was possible only because or-
ganizers could build on years of organ-
izing that connected people and built the
skills they needed to mobilize a rapid re-
sponse. As Ms. Fairbanks said: “No single
person or organization made this happen.
It took years of people, especially black
women, doing the groundwork of building
trust and accountability. It takes years of
conversations about what it means to be
community. That is what gave us the op-
portunity to align when we needed to.”
Those connections are like antibodies
that can be activated to rapidly develop a
community immune response, anchoring
the community even in the midst of
tremendous public confusion. The fast-
moving information environment meant
people were constantly trying to differen-
tiate fact from fiction. Trusted sources of
information became ever more important.
Ms. Fleurantin, who used to work for
Target and a corporation that makes med-
ical devices, said, “My former white co-
workers in corporate America were shar-
ing my stuff because they knew me and
trusted what I was seeing and reporting.”
Organizations and leaders grounded in re-
lationship with people could teach them to

morrow. But the “without him” part does
seem to be the critical priority.
Cheers to both Murkowski and Romney.
It’s true that neither of them is up for re-
election this year, but if you cast your eyes
across the Republican Senate majority,
you will see many, many folks in safe seats
who are nevertheless afraid to cross the
president, even when his behavior causes
them to go home and weep, or drink, or sit
up all night playing solitaire on the com-
puter.
You may remember that Romney was a
Republican candidate for president in
2008 and 2012. But it’s OK if you don’t. Nei-
ther campaign was very memorable, al-
though I personally will never forget
when he placated social conservatives by
announcing that the only reason he had
Just remember that
nothing counts if you
don’t vote.
supported abortion rights as governor of
Massachusetts was that he really didn’t
understand what an embryo was.
There are two ways to look at his cur-
rent profile in courage. One is that Rom-
ney is a very rich 73-year-old in a safe seat
who can do pretty much anything he
wants. Another is that it’s still . . . coura-
S
OMETHING unthinkable hap-
pened in Minneapolis over the
past two weeks: The Police De-
partment lost its legitimacy. The
public, roiling over the killing of George
Floyd, withdrew its consent. Minneapolis
public schools and the University of Min-
nesota ended their security contracts with
the department. A veto-proof majority of
City Council members pledged to “dis-
mantle” it.
Now, the city is entangled in a political
fight about how to create a system of pub-
lic safety that does not depend on a domi-
neering police force. In the absence of
clear alternatives, forces opposing
change are starting to coalesce. Yet the
answers are right there. Even in the chaos
of the past two weeks, ordinary people
took control of their own safety and we
learned that the safest system is one
grounded in and accountable to an orga-
nized community.
I study grass-roots movements and
have partnered for several years with or-
ganizers in Minneapolis on research. For
the first few nights after the killing of
George Floyd on May 25, they described
to me a loose network of young black lead-
ers and organizations like Black Visions
Collective that drove the continuing and
growing street movements against the po-
lice. Opportunists, however, were taking
quickly emerged to protect residents.
Their goals? Protect people’s ability to
safely protest and tamp down on the cha-
os. These community defenders sought to
enable democracy, not squelch it, so that
organizers could advance the struggle for
reforms.
By the third night, Valerie Fleurantin, a
community leader and Haitian fitness in-
structor, told me she saw “targeted arson
of minority-owned businesses.” Buildings
in neighborhoods on the Northside, which
local residents call “Black City,” began to
burn even though there were no active
protests there.
Jeremiah Ellison, the City Council
member who represents that area, wrote
on Twitter that when a black barbershop
called the Fade Factory burned, he had “a
hard time believing ANYONE who lives
here would set it ablaze” because it “was a
valued institution.”
No one came to help. “I kept calling, but
no one answered 911,” Ms. Fleurantin said.
The opportunists stretched the city’s ex-
isting public safety system to the breaking
point.
Community leaders throughout the city
organized a coordinated response, which
the police, military and disconnected
elected officials never could. Widespread
confusion created by decentralized
sources of destruction all around the city
and through their own networks, and
more than 1,000 residents showed up for a
public meeting in Powderhorn Park. They
created a plan for community defense that
got shared on Facebook almost 8,000
times and crashed the website of the orga-
nization that hosted it.
Using social media and text chains
among many households, neighbors
Ordinary people took
control of their own
safety.
looked after neighbors. They swept their
alleyways to find fire accelerants that out-
siders had planted, and reported to one
another boxes of kindling doused with
gasoline. They sat on their porches, ask-
ing strangers to account for themselves,
and checking on one another. A group of
Somali women chased a cluster of suspi-
cious white men out of the Karmel Mall.
Local pastors organized people to protect
local grocery stores. Some groups organ-
izing to protect local businesses had to
arm themselves, but their focus was on
defense. Ashley Fairbanks, an Indigenous
identify opportunists and interlopers and
combat misinformation.
It will take us years to understand ex-
actly what has been and will happen in
Minneapolis. The path to building a new
system of public safety will be neither
easy nor linear. But the experience of com-
munity defense over the past two weeks
offers us a glimmer of the kinds of alterna-
tives that are possible.
The solution is not to meet destruction
with destruction, or to douse the flames of
people’s pain with empty words. Instead,
what we learn from Minneapolis is that
when people create solidarity from the
ground up, they can hold one another and
public institutions accountable to a higher
standard that reflects all of their shared
interests. Democratic institutions are only
as strong as the public allows them to be;
when institutions fail, it is up to people to
become the guardians of democracy.
Alondra Cano, a member of the City
Council who leads its public safety com-
mittee, captured it best when she said to a
reporter, “Protesting is good and needed,”
but “that third space is needed where we
are committed to each other.” 0
HAHRIE HAN is the director of the SNF
Agora Institute at Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity, where she is a professor of political
science.

Two Banners Over Maine (and America)

geous. Take your pick.
Murkowski was once elected to the Sen-
ate on a write-in vote after a Tea Party
candidate won the Republican nomina-
tion. Since then she’s bucked her presi- There have always been two Americas — the one we (which oversees Maine’s National Guard). Then, at the
dent on repealing Obamacare, but sup- Jennifer Finney Boylan aspire to, a place of idealism and revolution and freedom. last minute, a logo version of the flag was unexpectedly
ported him on everything from cabinet And then there’s the other America, the one we actually adopted by — what’s this? — a conservative candidate
nominees to impeachment. All the while live in. The disconnect between those two ideas has running for Congress in Maine’s Second District.

busily delivering tons and tons of stuff to
Alaska’s powerful energy interests. She’s
got a certain amount of independence, but
you still have to get those drilling rights.
There must be a ton of Republican offi-
cials at least a little tempted to reject the
dreaded concept of Four More Years. But
if they want credit for showing some
spine, they have to follow through and
vote for the only other real candidate in
the race. Otherwise, it’s just a wasted vote
at best, and maybe a real boost for Trump.
Perhaps you remember in 2016, when
people who would never in a billion years
have supported Donald Trump showed
their lack of enthusiasm for Hillary Clin-
ton by voting for the Green Party. Their
defection was enough to turn the tide in
several critical swing states. In Michigan,
for instance, Trump won all 16 electoral
votes with a majority of 10,704 voters.
Green Party candidate Jill Stein got
51,463.
The White House is already sniping at
Romney and Murkowski for their rebel-
lion. Trump vowed to campaign against
Murkowski no matter who was running
against her — “good or bad . . . If you have
a pulse, I’m with you.” White House press
secretary Kayleigh McEnany suggested
nobody cared if Romney said “three words
outside on Pennsylvania Avenue.” The
words presumably were “Black Lives
Matter,” but we have already learned that
McEnany is a spokesperson who has a
certain amount of trouble with speaking.
“But,” she added, “I would note this:
that President Trump won 8 percent of the
black vote. Mitt Romney won 2 percent of
the black vote.” Actually, the two candi-
dates got pretty much the same African-
American support, which would be min-
imal.
The difference between them, of course,
is that Romney’s been growing on racial
issues while Trump has been shrinking. If
it’s possible to get tinier.
A lot of Republicans who are horrified
by the president don’t have the gumption
to criticize him at all. After Trump tweeted
that the 75-year-old demonstrator who
was seriously injured by the police in Buf-
falo might have been “an ANTIFA provo-
cateur,” reporters cornered Senator
Marco Rubio on what he thought. Rubio
pleaded ignorance: “I don’t read Twitter, I
only write on it.”
So give M and R credit for taking a
stand. But this thing about not voting, or
going for the Libertarian, or writing in
Brad Pitt, is crazy. They’ve got to back Bi-
den. Then after he takes office, they can
attack every single thing he tries to do for
the next four years. Everybody wins. 0
F
OR the past few months, my neighbor has been
flying the Maine state flag. Not the official one rarely been clearer than in this spring, with the country “That really ticked some people off,” Mr. Martucci
strained by disease and economic ruin, and police vio- said.
with the state seal but the other one: the buff
background with a pine tree and a shining North lence and protests against systemic racism convulsing Something similar happened a decade ago to the
cities. “Gadsden flag,” the banner with a snake and the motto
Star, designed in 1901.
Why, I wondered, does Maine have two state flags, one So which of Maine’s two flags symbolizes our ideals, “Don’t Tread on Me.” Once, it was a wonderful symbol of
and which the reality? all-around cussedness and courage. Then it was claimed
official, the other a nostalgic renegade? Remembering
that in 2016, one of our two congressional districts went Hard to say. The official one is Union blue with a state as the emblem of the Tea Party movement, and the
seal containing a farmer, a sailor, a pine tree, the North Americans whom you were apparently not supposed to
for Hillary Clinton, the other for Donald Trump, I won-
dered: Was this one more symbol of the way the country Star, the name of the state on a blue banner, an anchor, a tread upon were only those championed by Sarah Palin.
scythe, a few white clouds in a blue sky, the Latin motto She, in considering the ride of Paul Revere, once said,
— and the state — has been divided neatly in half by our
president, a man whose most “He who warned the British
that they weren’t going to be
lasting contribution to the
country’s history may turn out taking away our arms by ring-
ing those bells, and making
to be his genius for getting us
all to hate one another? sure as he’s riding his horse
through town to send those
To learn more, I did what
anybody would do in this situa- warning shots and bells that
we were going to be sure and
tion. I called my local vexillolo-
gist. we were going to be free, and
we were going to be armed.”
Which is — you knew this —
someone who studies flags. But I digress.
In the end, a committee rec-
Dave Martucci, of Washington,
Maine, is the past president of ommended that instead of be-
coming the state emblem, the
the North American Vexillo-
logical Association. “In the 1901 flag could be used to cele-
brate the Maine Bicentennial
18th and 19th centuries, the
flag itself wasn’t as important in 2020. (Alas, the secretary of
as its use,” he told me. It was a state eventually chose yet an-
pragmatic object, something other flag to celebrate the oc-
that let you know from a dis- casion, one of his own design.)
tance whether an approaching You remembered that this
ship or a swiftly advancing was the year of Maine’s bicen-
army was friend or foe. tennial, didn’t you? Because of
Now to many people, the the Missouri Compromise of
American flag is more symbol 1820? Of course you did.
than instrument. But a symbol “I had such plans for the
of what? Maine Bicentennial,” Mr. Mar-
Depends on whom you ask. tucci said. “And then this virus
Last summer, Nike thought it thing happened.”
DAVID B. MARTUCCI
would be patriotic to release a Actually, a lot of things hap-
special edition of the Air Max 1 Quick Strike sneaker fea- pened to change our plans in
2020, and in the end, the coronavirus may not even be
turing the 13-star “Betsy Ross” flag. But in short order,
the company (thanks, at least in part, to an objection
A flag’s meaning lies in the the worst. It’s only June.
This Sunday, Flag Day, is also Donald Trump’s 74th
from Colin Kaepernick, the former N.F.L. quarterback) consciousness of the people birthday. Of the many sad images history is likely to re-
canceled the shoe; given that the flag has been adopted
by far-right groups, to many Americans, it has become a looking at it. member of the Trump years, there may be nothing sad-
der than the one of the president embracing an Ameri-
symbol of oppression and racism.
Did Betsy Ross even sew the Betsy Ross flag? As a can flag last year at the Conservative Political Action
native Pennsylvanian, I have to admit, with some pain, Conference, as if by literally wrapping himself in the flag
of the state (“Dirigo,” meaning “I lead”) and a moose. It’s he thought he could prove how much he loves it. But with
that we don’t really know. What we do know is that eight very busy. his every tweet, Mr. Trump makes clear he loves the flag
American presidents owned slaves while in office, in-
To Mr. Martucci, “busy” is about the worst thing you itself more than the values of the country it stands for.
cluding Thomas Jefferson, who, when he wrote that “all
can say about a flag. “We call that an S.O.B.,” he said dis- Mr. Martucci told me that flags are not just symbols of
men are created equal,” was also probably thinking,
missively. “A seal on a bedsheet.” a country or a state; their meaning lies in the conscious-
“Not really! Just kidding!”
The other flag, unofficial but increasingly beloved, is ness of the person looking at them. Whether a flag
the 1901 flag, with the pine tree and the star. That’s the evokes our most idealized sense of history or the harsh-
one my neighbor flies. It had been the state flag until the ness of our present reality probably says more about
CORRECTION newer one was adopted in 1909.
who we are than it does about the flag itself.
An Op-Ed essay on Wednesday, about statehood for the It is not busy. “That was a beautiful flag,” Mr. Martucci When you wave the flag, the flag is also waving you.0
District of Columbia, misstated the Constitution’s stric- said wistfully.
tures on the size of the national capital. The Constitution Last spring saw efforts to make the 1901 flag the offi- JENNIFER FINNEY BOYLAN, a contributing opinion writer, is
calls for the capital not to exceed “10 miles square” — cial one again. There was support for the change in the a professor of English at Barnard College and the author
that is, 100 square miles — not 10 square miles. legislature and in the Adjutant General’s Office too of “Good Boy: My Life in Seven Dogs.”
A28 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

Make sense of the day’s news

and ideas. David Leonhardt and
Times journalists guide you
through what’s happening —
and why it matters.

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Morning

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3 TECHNOLOGY 5 ACQUISITIONS 9 SPORTS

Amazon announced it is A Dutch food delivery After a second knee

putting a moratorium on company will acquire operation, Roger Federer
allowing the police to use its Grubhub for $7.3 billion, says he will not play at all
facial recognition tool. beating out Uber. for the rest of the year.

TECH ECONOMY MEDIA FINANCE THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 B1

N

From Warehouses
To Office Towers,
Virus Remakes
The Workplace
RUTH FREMSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Boxes are stacked inside an Amazon fulfillment center in Kent, Wash., 20 miles south of Seattle. The internet retailing giant has struggled to balance a surge of pandemic-driven orders with the health concerns of its one million workers.

Goodbye, Gummy Bears: Cheery Salesforce offices
may no longer seem like a home away from home.
By NATASHA SINGER
When employees at Salesforce, the cloud
software giant based in San Francisco,
eventually return to their office towers,
they may find that the fun is gone from
their famously fun-loving workplaces.
No more chatting in the elevator. No
hugging. No more communal snack jars.
Before employees can even go into the
office, they will be required to fill out on-
line health surveys and take their tem-
perature. If they pass the health screen-
ing and have a good reason to go in, Sales-
force will schedule their shifts — and
send them digital entry tickets for the
lobby with an arrival time.
In the lobby, employees will be asked to
wait for the elevator on social-distancing
floor markers and stand on other mark-
ers once inside the elevator.
These new command-and-control
work practices are intended to help pro-
tect Salesforce’s more than 50,000 em-
ployees as the company undertakes a co-
lossal task: figuring out how to safely re-
open its more than 160 offices around the
world.
“It’s going to be different,” Salesforce’s
chief executive, Marc Benioff, said. “It’ll
CONTINUED ON PAGE B6
Stung by early missteps, Amazon turns to masks,
plexiglass and test kits to spread message of safety.
By KAREN WEISE tions touting its safety improvements. It
and RUTH FREMSON has asked journalists to visit its ware-
houses to see for themselves.
KENT, WASH. — After months of being em-
Amazon is spreading its safety mes-
battled over its response to the coro-
navirus, Amazon is working to convince sage after a period that Jeff Bezos, the
the public that its workplaces — specifi- company’s chief executive, has called
cally, the warehouses where it stores ev- “the hardest time we’ve ever faced.” As
erything from toys to hand sanitizer — the coronavirus swept through the
are safe during the pandemic. United States, Amazon struggled to bal-
The giant internet retailer has started ance a surge of orders with the health
running television ads that show that its concerns of the one million workers and
warehouse and delivery employees have contractors at its warehouses and deliv-
masks and other protective gear. It has ery operations.
pushed out segments to local news sta- CONTINUED ON PAGE B7

Adidas Diversity Vow Falls Short for Some Workers Many Small Businesses
By JULIE CRESWELL
and KEVIN DRAPER Get Cold Feet on Loans
Over the last two days, the sports- By STACY COWLEY tally got duplicate loans that they,
wear giant Adidas has made sev-
In April, when the federal govern- too, returned.
eral promises to black employees.
ment offered $349 billion in loans A total of around $12 billion was
The company said that 30 per-
to small businesses reeling from returned, Treasury Secretary
cent of new hires would be black
or Latino. It pledged to fund 50 government shutdown orders in Steven Mnuchin said at a Senate
university scholarships a year for the pandemic, the funding ran out hearing on Wednesday. The
black students over the next five in just 13 days, prompting Con- amount of loans outstanding un-
years. And in an employee call on gress to swiftly approve a second
Wednesday, Zion Armstrong, the round of $310 billion.
Small businesses have since
president of Adidas in North
America, said the company would grown more wary of taking the On many days, more
money.
expand funding for programs that
As of Tuesday, more than $130 money is returned
address racial disparities to $120
million over the next five years.
billion was left in the fund, known
as the Paycheck Protection Pro-
than is borrowed.
But for some black employees,
gram. Even more striking was the
missing from all of the pronounce-
fact that on many days last month,
ments this week was what they

had been pushing for internally:
an acknowledgment by company
executives that Adidas had a
problem with racism and dis-
crimination, and an explicit apol-
ogy for that treatment.
Late Wednesday afternoon,
some black employees felt vindi-
cated when Adidas put up a state-
ment on Instagram, saying the
company would be nothing with-
out “Black athletes, Black artists,
Black employees and Black con-
sumers.”
“We’ve celebrated athletes and
artists in the Black community
and used their image to define
CONTINUED ON PAGE B4
$130B
more money was being returned
than borrowed, according to data
from the Small Business Adminis-
tration, which is overseeing the Amount remaining in the small
program — highlighting its messy business relief loan funds.
execution and confusing rules
that deterred some small busi-
der the program dropped to $510.2
nesses from using the money.
billion at the end of May, from
Thousands of companies that
$513.3 billion in the middle of the
got loans have sent the money
month, according to data from the
back, according to lenders. For
Small Business Administration.
some owners, the program’s
By Tuesday, the amount of ap-
terms were too restrictive; for
proved loans had inched back up
others, the criteria for loan for-
to $511.4 billion — indicating that
giveness was too murky. Some
changes Congress made to the
public companies that received
program last week to make it less
these loans returned them after a
restrictive could be pushing more
GIA GOODRICH public outcry, and in the initial
Adidas said Wednesday that 30 percent of all new hires would be black or Latino. Some employees wanted an apology. rush, some borrowers acciden- CONTINUED ON PAGE B5
B2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

The Digest

MEDIA

First Woman of Color Nasdaq Breaks 10,000 on a Choppy Day

To Lead Harper’s Bazaar By The Associated Press

S&P 500 INDEX Stocks closed a choppy day on The S& P 500 Index
Hearst Magazines named Samira Wall Street with broad losses
Nasr as the next editor of the –0.53% Wednesday, despite fresh assur- Position of the S& P 500 index at 1-minute intervals on Wednesday.
3,190.14
United States edition of Harper’s ances from the Federal Reserve 3,230
Bazaar on Tuesday, the first time that it would keep interest rates
that a woman of color will hold the low through 2022 and would con-
top job at the 153-year-old fashion 3,220
tinue buying bonds to help mar-
publication. Previous close
Ms. Nasr, right, who will start 3,207.18
STOCKS & BONDS 3,210
on July 6, previously worked as
DIMITRIOS KAMBOURIS/GETTY IMAGES
the fashion director of the Condé kets function smoothly.
Nast magazine Vanity Fair, where The S&P 500 fell 0.5 percent, ex- 3,200
she oversaw the magazine’s pre- and so it is important to me to be- DOW JONES INDUSTRIALS tending losses from a day earlier.
sentation of celebrities including gin a new chapter in Bazaar’s his- The benchmark index had briefly
Renée Zellweger, Jennifer Lopez tory by shining a light on all indi- –1.04% climbed 0.5 percent following the 3,190
and Eddie Murphy for the annual viduals who I believe are the in- 26,989.99
release of the central bank’s latest
Hollywood issue. spiring voices of our time.” policy statement. Most sectors 3,180
In a video message on the Ms. Nasr succeeds Glenda Bai- finished lower, but a surge in tech-
@Harpersbazaarus Instagram ley, the anti-elitist editor who nology sector stocks helped push 10 a.m. Noon 2 p.m. 4 p.m.
account, Ms. Nasr spoke of run- stepped down in February after the Nasdaq above 10,000 for the Source: Reuters THE NEW YORK TIMES
ning an inclusive publication and nearly two decades. Ms. Bailey first time, giving the index its
expressed support for the Black was credited with making the third record high close in a row.
Lives Matter movement. glossy — defined by its boundary- Bond yields were broadly lower, cover from the pandemic, given
“As the proud daughter of a pushing photography in the 1950s reflecting caution among invest- that the numbers of infections and
Lebanese father and Trinidadian and ’60s — into something more
Consumer Prices
NASDAQ COMPOSITE INDEX ors. fatalities are still rising in many
mother, my worldview is expan- accessible to readers in the age of The Fed has cut its benchmark
Percent change, month to countries.
sive and is anchored in the belief the Instagram influencer, when +0.67% short-term rate to near zero as
month, seasonally adjusted. Airlines were among the big de-
that representation matters,” she fashion magazines have lost some 10,020.35
cliners Wednesday after Delta Air
part of a historic effort to gird the MARCH APRIL MAY
said. “My lens by nature is colorful of their old power. RACHEL ADAMS Lines warned in a regulatory fil-
stock market and the U.S. econ- –0.4% –0.8% –0.1%
omy from the coronavirus pan- +0.4% ing that it expects its revenue in
demic’s economic ravages. The the second quarter to be down 90
central bank made clear Wednes- +0.2 percent from a year earlier. Delta
BANKRUPTCY safety policies and make other
changes to qualify to take part in a day that it will keep providing sup- 0 00 fell 7.4 percent, American Airlines
Under State Orders, PG&E $20 billion wildfire fund that will port by buying bonds to maintain dropped 8.2 percent and Alaska
–0.2 Air Group lost 10 percent.
Appoints New Directors help utilities cover the cost of fu- low borrowing rates. It also fore-
ture fires. PG&E has already re- cast no rate hike through 2022. –0.4 Two of the nation’s biggest mall
Pacific Gas & Electric named a
10-YEAR TREASURY YIELD The move to leave its key inter- owners fell sharply after Simon
placed its chief executive. –0.6
slate of new directors on Wednes- 0.75% est rate unchanged was not a sur- Property Group backed out of its
If the company does not comply
day, a move it was forced to make –0.09 points prise to investors, but the fact that –0.8 $3.6 billion takeover of rival Taub-
with all of the state’s require-
by Gov. Gavin Newsom of Califor- nearly all of the members of the ’19 ’20 man Centers. The buyout deal was
ments, it may not be able to secure signed in February, just before the
nia as the company looks to re- central bank’s Federal Open Mar-
the financing it needs for its bank- Source: Bureau of
pandemic began to spread in the
solve its bankruptcy. ket Committee foresee no rate Labor Statistics
ruptcy plan because of investor THE NEW YORK TIMES
U.S. Simon Property slid 4 per-
All but three of the 14 appoint- hike through 2022 was notewor-
concerns that it could again be- thy, said Brian Nick, chief invest- cent, while Taubman plunged 20.1
ees will be new to the board. The come overwhelmed by wildfire li-
members will fill their positions ment strategist at Nuveen. The Nasdaq composite gained percent.
abilities and other debts. “What you have on the FOMC is Shares in electric car and solar
on or before the company exits 66.59 points, or 0.7 percent, to
The new directors include sev- unanimity that rates ought to stay panel maker Tesla closed above
bankruptcy, which is expected 10,020.35. Small company stocks
eral energy industry executives, low and that their communication $1,000 for the first time, climbing 9
this summer. bore the brunt of the selling.
including a former chief executive CRUDE OIL (U.S.) should continue to emphasize that percent to $1,025.05. The stock
PG&E filed for bankruptcy pro- Wall Street has been generally
of Dynegy, a utility in the Mid- $39.60 they’re not going to raise interest also closed at a new high on Mon-
tection in January last year after rising since late March, at first on
amassing $30 billion in liability west; a former senior executive at +$0.66 rates, absent a material improve- relief following emergency res- day. Tesla shares have more than
for wildfires started by its equip- Sempra Energy; and a former ment in the economy,” he said. cues by the Fed and Congress. doubled so far this year.
ment. The most devastating of president of National Grid. They The combination of low interest More recently, investors have be- Bond yields fell. The yield on
those fires, the Camp Fire in 2018, also include a former administra- rates and low inflation has been a gun piling into companies that the 10-year Treasury yield slid to
killed scores of people and de- tor of the Federal Emergency key driver for gains in big technol- would benefit most from a reopen- 0.75 percent from 0.84 percent late
stroyed the town of Paradise. The Management Agency, Craig Fu- ogy companies that can grow al- ing economy that is growing Tuesday. It tends to move with in-
company has agreed to plead gate, and a retired Navy admiral, most regardless of the economy. again. The S&P 500, a benchmark vestors’ expectations of the econ-
guilty to 84 counts of involuntary Mark Ferguson. “That’s been the magic formula for many index funds, is now omy and inflation, though it is still
manslaughter in connection with PG&E is awaiting final approv- for growth stocks,” Mr. Nick said. within 6 percent of reclaiming the well above the 0.64 percent level
that fire. al of its reorganization plan by The S&P 500 dropped 17.04 all-time high it reached in Febru- where it started last week.
GOLD (N.Y.)
Mr. Newsom demanded that Judge Dennis Montali in United points to 3,190.14. The Dow Jones ary. Oil prices rose. Benchmark U.S.
PG&E appoint a new board, re- States Bankruptcy Court. $1,713.30 industrial average fell 282.31 Still, uncertainty remains over crude oil for July delivery rose 1.7
place its chief executive, improve IVAN PENN –$1.40 points, or 1 percent, to 26,989.99. how quickly economies can re- percent to settle at $39.60 a barrel.

What Happened in Stock Markets Yesterday

POWERED BY

S&P 500 3190.14 0.5% Nasdaq Composite Index 10020.35 0.7% Dow Jones industrials 26989.99 1.0%

30,000
10,000
3,400
28,000
3,200
+20% 9,000 +20% +20%
26,000
3,000
+15% +15% +15%
2,800 24,000
+10% 8,000 +10% +10%
2,600 + 5% + 5% 22,000 + 5%

2,400 0% 7,000 0% 0%
20,000
– 5% – 5% – 5%
2,200
–10% –10% 18,000 –10%
Apr. May Apr. May Apr. May

TOTAL
Best performers Worst performers Most active TOTAL RETURN
ASSETS
VOLUME
S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE S&P 500 COMPANIES CLOSE CHANGE IN MIL. World Stocks 1 YR 5 YRS IN BIL.

1. Aptiv (APTV) $82.43 +8.6% 1. Nrwn Crs Ln (NCLH) $20.65 –14.4% 1. American Airl (AAL) $17.02 –8.3% $163.0 1. Vanguard Total Intl Stock Index Inv(VGTSX) +1.2% +2.8% $150.2
2. IDEXX Labs (IDXX) 321.89 +6.2 2. Gap (GPS) 11.03 –11.6 2. Ford Motor (F) 6.81 –5.9 146.9 2. American Funds Capital Income Bldr A(CAIBX) +2.3 +4.1 58.0
3. Salesforce.Co (CRM) 182.10 +4.3 3. Macerich (MAC) 10.64 –11.0 3. Nrwn Crs Ln (NCLH) 20.65 –14.4 125.4 3. American Funds Capital World Gr&Inc A(CWGIX) +7.2 +6.3 47.1
4. Microsoft (MSFT) 196.84 +3.7 4. United Arlns (UAL) 39.72 –11.0 4. GE (GE) 7.61 –5.1 116.2 4. American Funds New Perspective A(ANWPX) +14.8 +10.1 43.7
5. Nvidia (NVDA) 374.67 +3.6 5. Alliance Data (ADS) 56.55 –11.0 5. United Arlns (UAL) 39.72 –11.0 104.2 5. Dodge & Cox International Stock(DODFX) –2.6 –0.3 36.8
6. ServiceNow (NOW) 401.66 +3.3 6. Kohls (KSS) 23.95 –10.7 6. BofAML (BAC) 26.60 –5.7 89.9 6. Vanguard International Growth Adm(VWILX) +26.6 +11.0 35.1
7. West Pharm Sv (WST) 212.87 +3.2 7. Carnivl (CCL) 20.59 –10.6 7. Boeing (BA) 203.41 –6.2 89.5 7. DFA International Core Equity I(DFIEX) –1.1 +2.3 24.8
8. Resmed (RMD) 166.50 +3.1 8. Macy’s (M) 7.94 –10.5 8. Delta Air (DAL) 31.64 –7.4 89.4 8. Fidelity International Index(FSPSX) +1.0 +2.8 24.7
9. Electronic Art (EA) 124.81 +3.1 9. Occidental (OXY) 20.76 –10.4 9. Carnivl (CCL) 20.59 –10.6 82.3 9. American Funds SMALLCAP World A(SMCWX) +13.5 +8.3 24.5
10. Newmont. (NEM) 58.73 +2.7 10. Apache (APA) 14.83 –10.3 10. Wells Fargo (WFC) 29.71 –9.0 81.6 10. American Funds Europacific Growth A(AEPGX) +6.8 +4.6 21.7
Source: Morningstar

Sector performance How stock markets fared yesterday in Asia … … in Europe … and in the Americas.
S&P 500 SECTORS
+1.5
Information technology +1.7%
+1.0
–0.1 Health care
London –0.1%
–0.2 Consumer staples +0.5
New York –0.5%
Tokyo 0.0%
–0.3 Communication services 0.0
–0.4 Consumer discretionary
–0.5
–0.5 Utilities Shanghai –0.4%
–1.1 Materials –1.0 Frankfurt –0.7%
Toronto –0.8%
–1.9 Real estate –1.5
–2.4 Industrials
–2.0
–3.8 Financials Major stock market indexes
–4.9 Energy –2.5
6 p.m. E.T. 8 10 12 a.m. 2 4 6 a.m. 8 10 12 p.m. 2 4 6 p.m.

What Is Happening in Other Markets and the Economy

Bonds Currencies Consumer rates Commodities Economy

Key rates 1 euro = $1.1379 Crude oil Unemployment Rate Consumer confidence
3% 10-year Treas. $1.3
6% $100 a barrel
2-year Treas. 10% 120
1.2 Borrowing rate
2
30-year fixed mortgages
Fed Funds 5 50
1.1 5 100
1

0 1.0 4 0 0 80
’19 ’20 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’12 ’14 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20

3
Yield curve $1 = 107.12 yen Corn New-home sales Industrial production
3% 120 $6 a bushel
2 700 thousand
1-YEAR AGO 260
2 110 Savings rate 4
600
1 1-year CDs
240
1 100 2 500
YESTERDAY
0 Maturity 90 0 0 400 220
3 6 2 5 10 30 ’15 ’16 ’17 ’18 ’19 ’20 ’10 ’15 ’20 ’12 ’14 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20 ’16 ’18 ’20
Months Years

Amazon Stops Letting
Police Use Its Software
For Facial Recognition
By KAREN WEISE
and NATASHA SINGER
SEATTLE — Amazon said on
Wednesday that it was putting a
one-year pause on letting the po-
lice use its facial recognition tool,
in a major sign of the growing con-
cerns that the technology may
lead to unfair treatment of Afri-
can-Americans.
The technology giant did not ex-
plain its reasoning in its brief blog
post about the change, but the
move came amid the nationwide
protests over racism and biased
policing. Amazon’s technology
had been criticized in the past for
misidentifying people of color.
In its blog post, the company
said it hoped the moratorium on
its service, Rekognition, “might
give Congress enough time to put
in place appropriate rules” for the
ethical use of facial recognition.
The announcement was a strik-
ing change for Amazon, a promi-
nent supplier of facial recognition
software to law enforcement.
More than other big technology
companies, Amazon has resisted
calls to slow its deployment. In the
past, Amazon had said its tools
were accurate but were improp-
erly used by researchers.
On Monday, IBM said it would
stop selling facial recognition
products, and last year, the lead-
ing maker of police body cameras
banned the use of facial recogni-
tion on its products at the recom-
mendation of its independent
ethics board, which said the tech-
‘Amazon can sense
that the American
people don’t want
platitudes when it
comes to dealing with
disparities right now.’
Representative Jimmy Gomez, a
California Democrat.
nology “is not currently reliable
enough to ethically justify its use.”
Google has advocated a tempo-
rary ban on the technology.
The American Civil Liberties
Union applauded Amazon in a
statement for “finally recognizing
the dangers face recognition
poses to Black and Brown com-
munities and civil rights more
broadly.” But it said that the com-
pany should extend the moratori-
um on law enforcement use of its
system until Congress passed a
law regulating the technology.
“Face recognition technology
gives governments the unprece-
dented power to spy on us wher-
ever we go,” Nicole Ozer, technol-
ogy and civil liberties director for
the A.C.L.U. of Northern Califor-
nia, said in the statement. “It fuels
police abuse. This surveillance
technology must be stopped.”
Law enforcement agencies use
facial recognition technology to
identify suspects and missing
children. The systems work by
trying to match facial pattern data
extracted from photos or video
with those in databases like driv-
er’s license records. The authori-
ties used the technology to help
identify the suspect in the mass
shooting at a newspaper last year
in Annapolis, Md.
But civil liberties groups have
warned that the technology can be
used at a distance to secretly iden-
tify individuals — such as pro-
testers attending demonstrations
— potentially chilling Americans’
right to free speech or simply lim-
iting their ability to go about their
business anonymously in public.
Some cities, including San Fran-
cisco, and Cambridge, Mass., have
passed bans on the technology.
This week, Democrats in the
House introduced a police reform
law that would ban the use of fa-
cial recognition technology with
police recording equipment. Some
lawmakers have long worried
about the technology, questioning
manufacturers and the public
agencies that use their products
on how it affects civil rights and
privacy.
Civil liberties advocates protesting law enforcement use of facial recognition.
Civil liberties advocates began
a campaign to ban the use of facial
recognition by law enforcement in
2018, after a report by academic
researchers found racial bias in
the systems. The report found
that facial technologies made by
IBM and Microsoft were able to
correctly identify the gender of
white men in photographs about
100 percent of the time. But the
systems were much less accurate
in their ability to identify the gen-
der of darker-skinned women.
IBM and Microsoft quickly im-
proved their systems. Amazon
found itself under heightened
scrutiny.
For the past two years, the
A.C.L.U. has led a campaign to
push Amazon to stop selling the
technology to law enforcement
agencies. The group obtained doc-
uments, using open information
laws, from police departments
that showed how Amazon was ag-
gressively marketing its technol-
ogy to law enforcement.
The A.C.L.U. also tested Ama-
zon’s technology using the head
shots of members of Congress and
comparing them against a data-
base of publicly available mug
shots. The group reported that the
Amazon technology incorrectly
matched 28 members of Congress
with people who had been ar-
rested, amounting to a 5 percent
error rate among legislators. At
the time, Amazon disputed the
findings, saying that the group
had used its system differently
than law enforcement customers
did.
Representative Jimmy Gomez,
a California Democrat and one of
the lawmakers misidentified in
the A.C.L.U. test, said he met with
Amazon about the issue almost a
dozen times. He said Amazon was
less open to criticism than its tech
peers.
“They were avoiding taking any
responsibility for their technology
in my opinion,” Mr. Gomez said on
Wednesday after the company’s
announcement. “They always had
some excuse.”
Mr. Gomez, who is vice chair-
man of the House Committee on
Oversight and Reform, said he
was glad to see Amazon halt po-
lice sales.
“Amazon can sense that the
American people don’t want plati-
tudes when it comes to dealing
with disparities right now,” he
said. “They want concrete action.”
Amazon introduced Rekogni-
tion in 2016 as a low-cost, “highly
scalable” way to identify images,
including people, in vast data-
bases. Soon after, it began pitch-
ing the police on the tool to help in-
vestigations, and law enforce-
ment agencies began adopting the
technology.
In an interview on the PBS
show “Frontline” earlier this year,
Andy Jassy, the chief executive of
Amazon Web Services, said he did
not think the company knew how
many police departments were
deploying the technology.
Last fall, Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s
chief executive, said the company
was drafting privacy legislation
for facial recognition. But he indi-
cated that Amazon would contin-
ue selling the tools in the mean-
time.
“It’s a perfect example of some-
thing that has really positive uses,
so you don’t want to put the brakes
on it,” Mr. Bezos said. “At the same
time, there is lots of potential for
abuses with that kind of technol-
ogy, so you want regulations.”
He said he would welcome
“good regulations” on the issue.
“That kind of stability I think
would be healthy for the whole in-
dustry,” he said.
Mr. Bezos did not provide de-
tails for what the company’s pro-
posed legislation would entail.
Mr. Gomez said he had not seen
any model legislation proposed by
Amazon, adding, “That would
have been news to me.”
Karen Weise reported from Seattle,
and Natasha Singer from New York.
David McCabe contributed reporting
from Washington.
ELAINE THOMPSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
TECHNOLOGY | ACADEMIA
Lisa Cook, one of the economics profession’s few prominent black women, says black and Latino students wonder whether they will be welcome in the field.
Protests Intensify Push for Diversity in Economics
By BEN CASSELMAN
and JIM TANKERSLEY
The national protests seeking an
end to systemic discrimination
against black Americans have
given new fuel to a racial reckon-
ing in economics, a discipline
dominated by white men despite
decades of efforts to open greater
opportunity for women and non-
white men.
A growing chorus of economists
is seeking to dislodge the editor of
a top academic publication, the
University of Chicago economist
Harald Uhlig, after he criticized
the Black Lives Matter organiza-
tion on Twitter and equated its
members with “flat earthers”
over their embrace of calls to de-
fund police departments.
Days earlier, the profession’s de
facto governing body, the Ameri-
can Economic Association, sent a
letter to its members supporting
protesters and saying that “we
have only begun to understand
racism and its impact on our pro-
fession and our discipline.” A
group of economists, mostly from
outside academia, last week
hosted an online fund-raising ef-
fort for the Sadie Collective, an or-
ganization that aims to bring more
black women into the field.
Black economists say the
events have brought some
progress to a field that has long
struggled with discrimination in
its ranks — and with a refusal by
many of its leaders to acknowl-
edge discrimination in the coun-
try at large. But the profession re-
mains nowhere close to a full-
scale shift on racial issues: On
Wednesday, the director of the
White House National Economic
Council, Larry Kudlow, told re-
porters, “I don’t believe there is
systemic racism in the U.S.”
Black Americans are vastly un-
derrepresented among econom-
ics students and professors, a
wide range of data have shown.
There are no black editors of the
most prestigious economics jour-
nals. There are no black profes-
sors in the main economics de-
partment at Chicago, Mr. Uhlig’s
employer, one of the most storied
departments in the country.
In a survey of economists re-
leased by the American Economic
Association last year, only 14 per-
cent of black economists agreed
with the statement that “people of
my race/ethnicity are respected
within the field.”
As protests against discrimina-
tion have grown in recent days, a
conversation has erupted — often
led by black economists — over
how the lack of diversity has left
the profession ill equipped for a
moment when policymakers are
seeking ideas on how to combat
racial inequality in policing, em-
ployment and other areas.
“Hopefully, this moment will
cause economists to reflect and
rethink how we study racial dis-
parities,” the Howard University
economist William Spriggs wrote
to colleagues in an open letter that
was posted this week on the web-
site of the Federal Reserve Bank
of Minneapolis.
“Trapped in the dominant con-
versation, far too often African
American economists find them-
selves having to prove that Afri-
can Americans are equal,” he con-
tinued. “We find ourselves, as so
often happens in these ugly police
cases, having to prove that acts of
discrimination are exactly that —
discrimination.”
Mr. Uhlig’s Twitter posts criti-
cized demonstrators for not co-
ordinating recent protests with
law enforcement, before singling
out Black Lives Matter over calls
to defund the police.
“Look: I understand, that some
out there still wish to go and pro-
test and say #defundpolice and all
kinds of stuff, while you are still
young and responsibility does not
matter,” Mr. Uhlig wrote. “Enjoy!
Express yourself! Just don’t
break anything, ok? And be back
by 8 pm.”
The posts drew a swift back-
lash, including criticism from sev-
eral white colleagues at Chicago
and a petition calling for him to re-
sign his editorship of the Journal
of Political Economy, considered
one of five journals with an outsize
role in the field.
Mr. Uhlig, a 59-year-old Ger-
man citizen, also faced scrutiny
over past writings on his blog —
circulated on Twitter by the Slate
journalist Jordan Weissmann —
that criticize black protesters in
the United States.
Those included a 2017 post in
which he asked supporters of Na-
tional Football League players
kneeling to protest police brutal-
ity, “Would you defend football
players waving the confederate
flag and dressing in Ku Klux Klan
garb during the playing of the na-
tional anthem?” Mr. Uhlig also
wrote a letter to the editor of The
New York Times in 2016, com-
plaining about calls for greater di-
versity in the motion picture in-
dustry at the Academy Awards.
“This whole ‘diversity = more
N B3
BRITTANY GREESON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
American blacks in Hollywood embedded advantages of white
movies’ thing?” he wrote. “So so economists, including nearly full
strange. Really.” control over the journals that de-
Janet L. Yellen, the former Fed- termine, in their selections for
eral Reserve chair, said in an publication, which economists re-
email on Wednesday that “the ceive acclaim, tenure and top jobs.
tweets and blog posts by Harald “This is a way in which poten-
Uhlig are extremely troubling” tially good ideas, potentially good
and that “it would be appropriate contributors of ideas to the eco-
for the University of Chicago, nomics profession, have been
which is the publisher of the Jour- thwarted because of a gate-
nal of Political Economy, to review keeper,” Lisa Cook, a Michigan
Uhlig’s performance and suitabil- State University economist and
ity to continue as editor.” one of the field’s few prominent
Mr. Uhlig apologized on Tues- black women, said in an interview.
day evening for his Twitter posts. Ms. Cook leads the American
Economic Association’s Summer
He said in an email interview on
Tuesday night that his “flat Training Program, a decades-old
earther” comparison “appears to effort to recruit black and Latino
have caused irritation” but dis- students to the profession. She
agreed with critics who say his said students often asked her how
comments “hurt and marginalize she overcame discrimination in
people of color and their allies in the field and whether they would
the economics profession; call be welcome. “They’re asking
into question his impartiality in where does this racially hostile
assessing academic work on this environment come from? Why
and related topics; and damage does this racial discrimination ex-
ist in the pinnacle of the social sci-
ences?”
A field dominated by Economics has a history of dis-
crimination and, in some cases,
white men faces a outright racism. George Stigler, a
racial reckoning. Nobel laureate and an early
leader of the American Economic
Association, criticized the civil
the standing of the economics dis- rights movement in 1962 and
cipline in society.” The Klan refer- wrote that African-Americans’
ence, he said, was a case where “I disadvantages in the labor market
chose an extreme example” to stemmed in part from their “infe-
make a point about free speech. riority as a worker.”
“Discrimination and racism is “Lacking education, lacking a
wrong,” Mr. Uhlig wrote in an tenacity of purpose, lacking a will-
email. Later, he added: “I would ingness to work hard, he will not
love to have more black econo- be an object of employers’ compe-
mists (or is it ‘Afro-American tition,” he wrote.
economists’?) among our under- Few scholars today would use
graduate students, Ph.D. students such language. But the ideas per-
and faculty. It is my impression sist: Economics journals are still
that the good ones are highly filled with papers that emphasize
sought after. We also have very differences in education, upbring-
few American Indians among our ing or even IQ rather than dis-
colleagues.” He added that the crimination or structural barriers.
field needs to find a “good way to
Damon Jones, an economist at
change these numbers.” the University of Chicago’s Harris
Some conservatives hailed Mr. School of Public Policy, says the
Uhlig as a champion of free lack of diversity in economics af-
speech and a victim of “cancel cul- fects what is studied and how. “We
ture,” although critics said they study things that are related to
were not seeking his dismissal race and racism all the time, but
from his tenured professorship. we are inclined to figure out what
Critics, however, held up Mr. other explanations may be at
Uhlig as an example of the deeply play,” he said.
PROOF OF CLAIM NOTICE
Transportation Insurance Services Risk Retention Group, Inc.
To: All Claimants of Transportation Insurance Services Risk Retention Group, Inc., a South Carolina Insurer
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that on April 13, 2020, the Court of Common Pleas for the Fifth Judicial Circuit of Richland County, South Carolina
(Court), entered an Order in Civil Action Number 2020-CP-40-01276 authorizing the liquidation of Transportation Insurance Services Risk
Retention Group, Inc., (“Transportation Insurance Services”) and directing the Director of Insurance of the State of South Carolina, as Liquidator,
to liquidate the assets of the Company.
All persons who may have claims against Transportation Insurance Services must file a verified original Proof of Claim (POC) with:
Claimant Services
Transportation Insurance Services Risk Retention Group, Inc. in Liquidation
9821 N 95th St. Ste. 105
Scottsdale, AZ 85258
Section 38-27-550(a) of the South Carolina Code of Laws, provides:
Proof of Claim shall consist of a statement signed by the claimant that includes all of the following that are applicable:
1) the particulars of the claim, including the consideration given for it;
2) the identity and amount of the security on the claim;
3) the payments made on the debt, if any;
4) that the sum claimed is justly owing and that there is no setoff, counterclaim or defense to the claim;
5) any right of priority of payment or other specific right asserted by the claimants;
6) a copy of the written instrument which is the foundation of the claim; the name and address of the claimant
and the attorney who represents claimant, if any.
The insured and the third- party claimant may file a contingent claim for any specific loss or occurrence as to which the insured’s liability was not
determined as of the liquidation date. Whether or not the third- party files a claim, the insured may file a claim on his or her own behalf in the
liquidation. The insured’s claim may be allowed after consideration of the probable outcome of any pending action against the insured on which
the claim is based, the probable damages recoverable in the action and the probable cost and expense of defense.
Whenever any third party asserts a cause of action against an insured of the Company, the third party may file a claim with the Liquidator.
The Company’s obligation, if any, to defend or continue the defense of any claim or suit under an insurance policy issued by the Company was
terminated upon the entry of the Order Commencing Liquidation Proceedings & Granting An Injunction & Automatic Stay of Proceedings (Order).
The rights of claimants to share in the distribution of Transportation Insurance Services’ assets, if any, are fixed as of date of the entry of the
Order, April 13, 2020, except as provided by Sections 38-27-380 and 38-27-560 of the South Carolina Code of Laws.
POC forms may be obtained by written request to Claimant Services at the address set forth above or on our website, www.tisinliquidation.com.
As cited above, South Carolina law requires that all claims against Transportation Insurance Services shall be verified by a signed statement by
the claimant, or someone authorized to act on the claimant’s behalf. If the claimant is an individual, then the individual must sign. If the claimant
is a corporation, then an officer must sign and identify his or her capacity. If the claimant is a partnership, then a partner must sign. In the event
a claim is filed by one person on behalf of another, such as an attorney in fact, guardian or receiver, attach to the POC evidence or explanation
indicating your authorization to act. The POC requires the claimant signature be notarized.
We will acknowledge, in writing, the receipt of your completed POC and provide you a POC claim number. You will be notified, sometime
thereafter, of the Liquidator’s decision regarding your claim. If your claim is denied in whole or part by the Liquidator, and you dispute the
Liquidator’s findings, you will have the opportunity to present your dispute to the Court or in a forum designated by the Court.
Finally, Transportation Insurance Services’ website (www.tisinliquidation.com) will be a source for news and information regarding the ongoing
liquidation.
THE DEADLINE FOR FILING CLAIMS AGAINST Transportation Insurance Services Risk Retention Group, Inc. is 5:00 p.m., ET on October
31, 2020. Your Claim must be postmarked (not postage meter stamped) no later than 5:00 o’clock p.m., ET on this date, October 31, 2020.
RAYMOND G. FARMER, Director of Insurance of the State of
South Carolina as Liquidator of Transportation Insurance Services Risk Retention Group, Inc.
Dated: May 26, 2020 By: s/ Michael J. FitzGibbons, Special Deputy Liquidator
B4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Adidas Pledges to Increase Diversity. Some Employees Want More.
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
ourselves culturally as a brand,
but missed the message in reflect-
ing such little representation
within our walls,” the social media
post said.
The tone on a call among 130
mostly black employees inside the
company shortly after the social
media post went up was celebra-
tory, according to several people
on the call, coming after what had
been a particularly tumultuous
period. But it did not totally satisfy
everyone.
“It did acknowledge us and did
own up a bit, but to me it is a dev-
astating miss not to just say
sorry,” said Kevin Wright, an Adi-
das gaming employee.
The unrest inside Adidas began
two weeks ago when many black
employees and their supporters
were frustrated by the public re-
An outward embrace
of black culture was
not reflected inside.
sponse of the company, which has
its global headquarters in Ger-
many, to the protests rippling
across the world following the
killing of George Floyd, a black
man who died while a white police
officer knelt on his neck.
Dozens of employees ceased
working and instead attended
daily protests held outside of the
company’s North American head-
quarters in Portland, Ore. Others
posted on social media, detailing
their experiences with discrimi-
nation in the workplace and argu-
ing that the company’s words —
its public anti-discrimination
stance — did not match its actions.
A coalition of mostly black em-
ployees worked through the week-
end with white leadership in Port-
land, creating a set of goals and a
plan for achieving them.
Believing they were close to
achieving a breakthrough, mem-
bers of the coalition even drafted a
statement this week for the com-
pany’s board of directors in Ger-
many to sign off on. It included an
acknowledgment of its problems
with racism and would offer an of-
ficial apology.
Instead, the company released
a statement on Tuesday that said
30 percent of new hires would be
black or Latino and pledged to in-
vest in scholarships for black stu-
dents and programs that bene-
Wall Street Journal Staff Protests Column on Race by Ex-Boss
By MARC TRACY
Staff members of The Wall Street
Journal sent a letter to newsroom
leaders on Monday accusing the
paper’s former editor in chief, Ge-
rard Baker, who has been an edi-
tor at large at The Journal since
leaving the top job in 2018, of vio-
lating rules that apply to those
who work on the news side.
The letter, from the board of the
Independent Association of Pub-
lishers’ Employees, the union that
represents Journal staff mem-
bers, criticized a column by Mr.
Baker on race and accused him of
tweeting in a way that went
against the paper’s social media
policy.
While Mr. Baker expresses
opinions in a weekly column,
called Editor at Large, The Jour-
nal had classified him as a mem-
ber of the news division, just as it
had during his five-and-a-half-
year run as the editor in chief.
On Tuesday, The Journal re-
assigned Mr. Baker, formally mak-
ing him a member of the opinion
staff, which is led by the editorial
page editor, Paul A. Gigot, and is
run separately from the news de-
partment. Those who work on the
opinion side do not have to abide
by the rules that apply to the pa-
per’s news reporters and editors.
They have more leeway in The
Journal’s pages and on social me-
dia.
The Journal said the move had
been in the works before the
I.A.P.E. union sent the letter. “Con-
versations about Gerry’s move to
Opinion have been underway for
some time,” a spokeswoman said
in an emailed statement. “His
new, expanded role will include
podcasts and other projects.” Mr.
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Adidas workers began protesting outside the company’s Portland, Ore., offices last week. “It is a devastating miss not to just say sorry,” said one employee.
fited the black community, but
omitted any references to internal
discrimination, angering many
employees. On Wednesday’s call,
Mr. Armstrong expanded on Tues-
day’s statement but offered no
corporate apology.
Adidas declined to comment be-
yond its statements.
The unrest inside Adidas may
have followed the global protests,
but many black workers have long
felt discriminated against by their
employer and disillusioned with
the company’s leadership.
Last year, The New York Times
found that in 2018 only 4.5 percent
of the 1,700 employees on the Port-
land campus identified them-
selves as black, and only about 1
percent of the more than 300 of the
worldwide vice presidents were
black. Black employees often felt
marginalized and sometimes dis-
criminated against by the largely
white executives in Portland. Two
employees said they were re-
ferred to with a racist slur by
Gerard Baker had written columns for The Journal’s news division since he stepped down as its top editor in 2018.
Baker did not immediately reply
to a request for comment.
The I.A.P.E.’s letter was ad-
dressed to Matt Murray, Mr. Bak-
er’s successor as editor in chief,
and Almar Latour, who last month
was named publisher of The Jour-
nal and the chief executive of its
parent company, Dow Jones,
which is part of Rupert Murdoch’s
media empire.
The letter singled out a May 15
column by Mr. Baker headlined
“The Often Distorted Reality of
Hate Crime in America.” He led it
with a description of the murder of
Ahmaud Arbery, a black man who
was shot while jogging in Georgia
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white co-workers.
Adidas’s internal struggles with
race run counter to its outward
embrace of black culture and
sports, particularly through its
high-profile partnerships with en-
tertainers like Beyoncé, Kanye
West and Pharrell Williams and
athletes, including the N.B.A.
stars James Harden and Damian
Lillard. Those relationships have
translated into sales among black
and Hispanic youth for Adidas.
“It is sad when this company is
fueled by the culture outside, but
inside there is a limitation on
black talent because we are only
good for that information ex-
tracted,” said Aric Armon, an Adi-
das footwear designer.
On Tuesday, the company
banned the use of the word “asset”
when referring to people, includ-
ing sponsored athletes and enter-
tainers, noting the word is offen-
sive to cultures that have been en-
slaved. The announcement slide
included a picture of Mr. Harden,
after he was pursued by white
men, a killing that was captured
on video.
The I.A.P.E. criticized the col-
umn, saying it “posits the highly
controversial argument that black
people commit more hate crimes
than white people” and adding
that to “‘prove’ that he uses only
his own single weighted statistical
calculation, with no attribution or
context from experts either to
support the idea or provide con-
trary views.” The letter also
flagged several posts from Mr.
Baker’s Twitter account that, it
said, violated the paper’s social
media policy.
The British-born, Oxford-edu-
cated Mr. Baker led The Journal at
a time when its staff produced an
award-winning investigation that
exposed fraudulent claims by the
health care tech company Thera-
nos. On his watch, the paper was
also at the forefront of reporting
on payments involving President
Trump and women who said they
had once had sexual relationships
3446
with him.
His tenure was also marked by
unrest. In late-night emails, Mr.
Baker accused reporters and edi-
tors of adding commentary to
their coverage of Mr. Trump, and
the staff pushed back, accusing
him in an all-hands meeting of go-
ing easy on the president. More
than a dozen journalists left the
noting, “You are an athlete, not an
asset.”
Frustration inside the company
rose at the end of last month.
On May 29, Nike posted a 60-
second video on its social media
accounts that implored, “Don’t
pretend there’s not a problem in
America.” The next day, Adidas
retweeted Nike’s social media
campaign.
The company scrambled to
come up with its own response.
Later that day Reebok, a Boston-
based footwear company owned
by Adidas, posted on social media
that “Without the black communi-
ty, Reebok would not exist.” Two
hours later, Adidas put its state-
ment on Instagram: an image of
the word “Racism” crossed out. It
was not well received inside the
company.
Adidas, aware of growing un-
rest among employees, said that
June 2 would be a “Day of Reflec-
tion,” and that employees should
not have any meetings that day.
RICCARDO SAVI/GETTY IMAGES
paper for The Washington Post
and The New York Times.
The Journal staff members’
criticism of their former boss
came in the wake of the resigna-
tions of high-ranking editors at
The Times and The Philadelphia
Inquirer. James Bennet, the for-
mer editorial page editor at The
Times, and Stan Wischnowski, the
former executive editor of The In-
quirer, stepped down after large
numbers of staff members com-
plained about their leadership at a
time of worldwide protests
against racism and police violence
prompted by the killing in Minne-
apolis last month of George Floyd,
a black man who died after he was
pinned to the ground by a white
police officer.
The letter from the Journal un-
ion also included complaints
about Mr. Baker’s opinion col-
umns for The Times of London,
noting that news-side staff mem-
bers are barred from contributing
opinion essays to other publica-
tions. Recent headlines on those
columns, the letter noted, includ-
ed “Big Tech Is Blatantly Biased
Against Trump” and “The Obama
Halo Is in Danger of Slipping.”
In closing, the letter said the pa-
per should hold Mr. Baker to the
standards that apply to everyone
else on the news side. Now that
The Journal has put him in the
opinion department, he can follow
a different rule book.
AARON ROBINSON
Julia Bond, who joined the com-
pany last year as an assistant ap-
parel designer, used part of the
day to write a letter to executives
in Portland, asking for an apology
for the racism and discrimination
that she says has been “enabled
and perpetuated” at the company.
The next day, Ms. Bond emailed
her letter to Adidas leadership in
North America. That afternoon,
she began reaching out to the
news media, taking her letter and
story public.
“Adidas likes to keep it really
quiet,” Ms. Bond said. “Keep it
anonymous. I decided it was time
to put a face to this problem. But it
was very frightening and quite
daunting to do that.”
Inspired by Ms. Bond, Mr. Ar-
mon sent a letter to his bosses de-
tailing his experience with a white
co-worker who used a racial slur.
He also posted it publicly on Insta-
gram.
“This is the time to stop it,” he
said. “There is momentum like
Fox News Host Sells Stake
In Website He Co-Founded
By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM
The Fox News host Tucker Carl-
son has sold his stake in The Daily
Caller, stepping away from the
Washington-based conservative
news and opinion site he co-
founded in 2010 as an alternative
to left-leaning outlets like The
Huffington Post.
Mr. Carlson, one of the coun-
try’s most prominent conserva-
tive commentators, retained fi-
nancial ties to The Daily Caller af-
ter taking up his prime-time role
at Fox News in 2017. But he had
yielded day-to-day oversight to
his co-founder and college room-
mate, Neil Patel, the site’s pub-
lisher and a former chief policy
adviser to Vice President Dick
Cheney.
“I haven’t had editorial input”
since the prime-time show began,
Mr. Carlson said in an interview
on Wednesday, adding that he sold
his stake in the site last year. “Neil
runs it. I wasn’t adding anything.
So we made it official.”
Mr. Patel, who met Mr. Carlson
when they lived together at Trin-
ity College in Hartford, Conn., con-
firmed in an email that he had pur-
chased his former roommate’s
stake, but declined to disclose the
sum. Fox News declined to com-
ment on Mr. Carlson’s transaction.
The Daily Caller was a pioneer
in online conservative journalism,
though its influence has faded in
recent years as once-fringe sites
like Breitbart News made inroads
with right-wing audiences. Mr.
Carlson, who began his career as a
writer for magazines like The
Weekly Standard and Esquire,
had placed an emphasis on origi-
nal reporting at The Daily Caller,
and the site was granted entry to
the coveted presidential press
pool by the White House Corre-
spondents’ Association.
A former host on CNN and
MSNBC, Mr. Carlson has become
a central star of Fox News, where
his 8 p.m. show, “Tucker Carlson
Tonight,” recently eclipsed “Han-
nity” as the top ratings draw
among adults 25 to 54 years old,
the most important age demo-
graphic in cable news. Last week,
Mr. Carlson drew about one mil-
lion viewers in that category, and
4.8 million viewers over all.
His program has proved to be a
there has never been before. I
want to make sure this brand is
better after I leave than when I got
in.”
While Adidas began holding
company calls about racism and
discrimination, a coalition of
about a dozen mostly black em-
ployees inside the company put
together a 32-page presentation
that included a list of demands. It
called for more diversity among
employees and investment in the
black community, along with time-
lines for when they should be ac-
complished.
Another group of employees
made plans to strike until their de-
mands were met. Some employ-
ees refused to work last Friday
and on Monday, and others began
a daily noon protest outside the
company’s Portland offices — the
first time many employees had
seen one another in person in
months because of the coro-
navirus pandemic.
Adidas executives in Portland,
including Mr. Armstrong, began
communicating with the coalition
of employees who put together the
presentation about its demands.
Over the weekend, the two sides
tried to formulate how to best
bring about real, significant
change inside Adidas.
The results of those meetings
were sent to the Adidas board in
Germany, while discussions and
negotiations in Portland contin-
ued through Monday evening.
Members of the employee group
believed they were on the cusp of
having many of their demands
met and that they would finally
see Adidas apologize and pledge
to improve.
They were left disappointed by
Tuesday’s announcement by Adi-
das and Wednesday’s statement
by Mr. Armstrong.
But the mood shifted once again
with Adidas’s posting on Wednes-
day. Many saw it as a hard-won
victory, a big step by the company
to admitting the problem.
But others said something was
still missing.
“This is a great first step,” said
Aaron Ture, a product manager
for footwear at Reebok who is bi-
racial and has worked for Adidas
for three years. Mr. Ture also
wrote a letter to the company in
recent days about his experiences
and concerns with the company.
“But we can only start to build this
future once we have sorted out the
past.”
lightning rod for controversy, in-
cluding in recent days, as Mr. Carl-
son has devoted his monologues
to denouncing nationwide demon-
strations against police brutality
as violent riots led by “criminal
mobs.”
On Monday, Mr. Carlson was
sharply criticized after he said on-
air that the widespread unrest “is
definitely not about black lives,
and remember that when they
come for you.” Fox News later
said Mr. Carlson’s use of the pro-
noun “they” referred to Demo-
cratic leaders and mayors, not
protesters.
The Daily Caller has not been
immune from its own scandals. In
2015, for instance, the site re-
tracted an anti-Semitic headline,
and in 2018 it cut ties with an edi-
A conservative pundit
says he severed
editorial ties with The
Daily Caller in 2017.
tor who, it emerged, had contrib-
uted to a white nationalist web-
site.
On Wednesday, Mr. Patel said
that he was now the majority
owner of The Daily Caller. Foster
Friess, a conservative donor who
was one of the initial investors in
the site, remains a part owner. Mr.
Carlson’s decision to sell his stake
was reported earlier by The Wall
Street Journal.
Mr. Patel said the site was prof-
itable and reiterated that, as pub-
lisher, he remained committed to
news reporting alongside pundit-
ry and entertainment.
“We will be a place committed
to civil debate,” Mr. Patel wrote in
an email. “Not enough people in
our country are talking openly
with those outside their bubbles. I
sincerely want us to be a place
where that happens.”
Several former Daily Caller re-
porters occupy prominent roles in
Washington journalism, including
the CNN White House correspon-
dent Kaitlan Collins and David
Martosko, who covered the White
House for The Daily Mail of Lon-
don.

Many Small Businesses Get Cold Feet on Loans
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
money out the door.
But obstacles remain. The pro-
gram’s chaotic execution has
“chilled the willingness of many
small businesses to even apply for
loans during the second round of
P.P.P. funding, and has caused
many businesses to return dis-
bursed loans out of fear of doing
something wrong,” Tony Wilkin-
son, the chief executive of the Na-
tional Association of Government
Guaranteed Lenders, a trade
group, said last week at a hearing
of the Pandemic Response Ac-
countability Committee, an
oversight group.
The turn of events is notable for
a signature program of Congress’s
$2.2 trillion coronavirus relief
package, which only a couple of
months ago was caught in an in-
tense borrowing frenzy by des-
perate business owners. After all,
small businesses are still in dis-
tress. Even as states begin to re-
open, millions of stores around the
country remain shuttered and
could go out of business.
On Wednesday last week, Con-
gress moved to loosen the pro-
gram’s rules and give businesses
more flexibility in spending their
aid, and President Trump signed
the bill on Friday. The change was
widely praised by small-busi-
nesses advocacy groups and will
help many borrowers.
The amended rules could help
the remaining $130 billion move
faster. “My expectation is that we
will definitely see businesses that
were on the sidelines now take it,"
Mr. Mnuchin said.
But having the terms of their
loans revised on the fly yet again
— which has happened repeat-
edly since the program began in
April — is a nightmare for borrow-
ers as they struggle to salvage
their companies.
“The boundaries move like a
video game,” said Caren Griffin,
the owner of Spa Universaire, a
hotel spa in downtown Denver.
Her business has been shut down
since mid-March and won’t re-
open until July, at the earliest.
Ms. Griffin was on the verge of
returning her $66,272 loan be-
cause she didn’t think she would
be able to use it within eight
weeks, as the program originally
specified. The new changes give
her 24 weeks, allowing her more
time to decide whether to use the
money when — and if — she re-
opens.
She isn’t sure she will. Refitting
her spa to comply with new safety
guidelines will be expensive, and
no one knows when customers
will be willing to get high-touch
services like massages and fa-
cials. Ms. Griffin, who is 63, won-
ders if she would be better off clos-
ing the business and retiring.
“I’m running through a dozen
different scenarios for what our
cash-flow structure might look
like if we reopened with changes
in our hours and services,” she
said. “We won’t go back to normal.
That’s clear.”
For many small businesses that
depend on foot traffic, like restau-
rants and nail salons, even the
more relaxed relief terms might
not be enough.
“I cried the day I sent it back,”
said Shelly Ross, the owner of
European Service Will Buy Grubhub for $7.3 Billion
This article is by Kate Conger,
Adam Satariano and Michael J. de
la Merced.
OAKLAND, CALIF. — Just Eat Take-
away, a European food delivery
service, said on Wednesday that it
had agreed to buy Grubhub for
$7.3 billion, a deal that would give
it a foothold in the United States.
In the all-stock deal, Just Eat
Takeaway said it would value
Grubhub at $75.15 per share, a 27
percent premium to Grubhub’s
closing price of $59.05. Grubhub’s
founder and chief executive, Matt
Maloney, will join Just Eat Take-
away’s board and oversee its busi-
ness in North America, the com-
panies said.
“I am excited that we can create
the world’s largest food delivery
business outside China,” Jitse
Groen, the chief executive of Just
Eat Takeaway, said in a statement.
Mr. Maloney said the companies
would place “extra value on vol-
ume at independent restaurants,
driving profitable growth.”
Uber had been in talks to buy
Grubhub, but those discussions
foundered over price and regula-
tory concerns, said people with
knowledge of the discussions, who
were not authorized to speak pub-
licly. If Uber had bought Grubhub
and combined it with Uber Eats,
the result would have been the
largest food delivery service in
the United States, with about a 55
percent market share. That had
attracted antitrust scrutiny.
An Uber spokesman said the
company would continue looking
for deals in the food delivery busi-
ness, but would not engage in “any
deal, at any price, with any play-
er.”
“I thought this would save my business,” said Shelly Ross, of a $75,000 loan for her cat-sitting service, “but I was worried about being financially ruined.”
Tales of the Kitty, a cat-sitting
service in San Francisco, who re-
cently gave up on using her
$75,000 loan and returned the
money. “I thought this would save
my business, but I was worried
about being financially ruined if it
wasn’t forgiven, and no one could
give me any real answers about
that.”
Ms. Ross started Tales of the
Kitty in 2003 and expanded it into
For some, the criteria
for loan forgiveness
was simply too murky.
a thriving venture with 14 employ-
ees and a packed schedule of
10,000 client visits a year. In
March, her sales plummeted be-
cause of the pandemic, forcing her
to lay people off.
To have their loans fully forgiv-
en, companies must keep the
same number of employees on the
payroll as before the pandemic, at
the same wages. That’s a hard bar
to clear for business owners
whose ventures remain shut. Ms.
Ross expects her sales to stay
slow at least through Thanksgiv-
Delivering doughnuts in costume at the New York Stock Exchange during Grubhub’s initial public offering in 2014.
Food delivery has become more
popular during the coronavirus
pandemic. People have turned
more toward services such as
Grubhub, DoorDash and Uber
Eats as restaurants shut down in-
room dining during the early
phases of the outbreak. Restau-
rants are slowly beginning to re-
open.
Even so, profits in the food de-
livery business have been elusive.
Uber Eats, DoorDash and Grub-
hub have all spent millions of dol-
lars on marketing and incentives
to lure customers away from the
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
VIRUS FALLOUT | ACQUISITIONS
ing.
The paycheck program was
largely meant to keep workers off
unemployment rolls by funneling
money to their employers, and it
made progress toward that goal.
Job numbers released on Friday
showed gains in industries that re-
ceived small-business loans and
suggested that the program had
helped offset at least some of the
economic damage caused by the
shutdown.
More than 4.5 million compa-
nies, from solo gig workers and
small restaurateurs to retailers
and professional services firms
with fewer than 500 employees,
got help. For most, it was a lifeline.
But many lenders are ready to
be done with the program. Even
though the government will keep
processing loans until June 30,
Wells Fargo stopped taking new
applications last month. So did
many community banks, includ-
ing OceanFirst, a regional bank in
Toms River, N.J., that has lent
$500 million to 3,000 businesses.
Requests had slowed to a
trickle, said Christopher Maher,
the bank’s chief executive. He cut
off new lending because he
wanted to pivot his employees to-
ward the next major program
others. Grubhub, which had been
profitable, began losing money as
it spent more to fight off rivals.
“Competition and pricing pres-
sure will be fierce going forward,”
said Daniel Ives, managing direc-
tor of equity research at Wedbush
Securities. He estimated that
Grubhub had a 24 percent share of
the U.S. market.
The competition has led to deal
making. In 2018 and 2019, there
were 25 mergers and acquisitions
in food delivery, valued at a com-
bined $20.12 billion, according to
Linklaters, a global law firm.
challenge: loan forgiveness.
“It’s going to be much more dif-
ficult to work through the repay-
ment calculations and documen-
tation than it was to make these
loans in the first place,” Mr. Maher
said.
The paperwork for proving that
a loan complied with the terms is
extensive and complicated; the
Small Business Administration’s
11-page application for loan for-
giveness is much more intricate
than the loan application itself.
Any portion that is not forgiven
becomes a debt that must be re-
paid within five years. (The initial
term was two years.)
The lack of clarity around loan
forgiveness cemented Ms. Ross’s
decision to return her loan. She
considered simply paying her
workers to stay home for eight
weeks, which the program allows,
but she worried about having to
lay them off again when the
money ran out.
Then, the week after she got her
loan, the Small Business Adminis-
tration released its forgiveness
application. Ms. Ross tried to run
the calculations for her business,
but her staff is mostly part-time
employees with variable hours.
She consulted her accountant, her
LUCAS JACKSON /REUTERS
Food delivery services in the
United States also face regulatory
headwinds. In California, Uber
and DoorDash are challenging a
law that requires them to reclassi-
fy their independent contractors
as full-time employees. And in
several cities, lawmakers are con-
sidering caps on the fees that de-
livery services charge, which
restaurant owners have said are
exorbitant.
Just Eat Takeaway was created
this year through the $7.8 billion
combination of two of the earliest
participants in Europe’s food-de-
ANASTASIIA SAPON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
bookkeeper, a lawyer and her
lender to figure out how much of
her loan would qualify for elimina-
tion.
None could give her definitive
answers. Scared she would be
stuck with a big debt, Ms. Ross
sent the money back.
Many trade groups for lenders
and small businesses, such as the
Consumer Bankers Association
and the Small Business Majority,
have asked for blanket forgive-
ness for loans of less than
$150,000. So far, the Small Busi-
ness Administration and the
Treasury Department — which is
calling the shots on most of the
paycheck program’s terms —
have not indicated any willing-
ness to grant that.
Adam Markowitz, an account-
ant in Florida who is working with
dozens of clients who took pay-
check loans, said he was unable to
figure out whether his own loan,
for $34,500, would be fully forgiv-
en. He’s waiting for further guid-
ance on the many unresolved
technical questions.
“The only consistent thing
about this program is that it’s
been a mess at every stage,” he
said.
livery market, Just Eat and Take-
away.com. It has been fighting
competition in Europe from Uber
Eats and Deliveroo, a London-
based company whose investors
include Amazon.
Mr. Groen, a Dutch entrepre-
neur, founded Takeaway.com in
2000 when he was a student frus-
trated with the challenge of order-
ing pizza online. He took Take-
away.com public in 2016, and now
has a net worth of more than $1.5
billion, according to Forbes.
In addition to the deals for
Grubhub and Just Eat, Mr. Groen
bought the German portion of De-
livery Hero’s business for about $1
billion in 2018.
Just Eat and Takeaway.com tra-
ditionally focused on providing
software to restaurants so they
could coordinate their own deliv-
eries, a more profitable business
model than supplying drivers to
make the deliveries. But the com-
bined company is building out its
own fleet of drivers. This year,
Just East announced a partner-
ship to deliver food for McDon-
ald’s in Britain and Ireland.
Senator Amy Klobuchar of Min-
nesota, the leading Democrat on a
subcommittee on antitrust, said
Wednesday that Uber had been
right to back away from buying
Grubhub.
“During this pandemic, when
millions are out of work and many
small businesses are struggling to
stay afloat, our country does not
need another merger that could
squelch competition,” she said in a
statement.
Kate Conger reported from Oakland,
and Adam Satariano and Michael de
la Merced from London.
N B5
Virus Briefing
AUTOMOBILES
Tesla Is Valued at $185 Billion
As Shares Surge Past $1,000
Wall Street believes it’s a great
time to be a business of making
electric vehicles.
Take Tesla. On Wednesday
morning, the company’s share
price rose above $1,000 for the
first time ever, giving it a market
value of about $185 billion. At that
price, the company is second
only to one other car manufactur-
er, Toyota, which is valued at
about $215 billion. That’s despite
the fact that Tesla produces and
sells far fewer vehicles than Toy-
ota and other major car compa-
nies.
Tesla’s many critics say the
shares are overvalued. And even
the company’s chief executive,
Elon Musk, said last month that
the stock price was “too high” at
about $760 per share. But the
stock has been soaring for
months on the promise that the
company will revolutionize the
automotive industry.
Some recent good news has
lifted Tesla’s share price even
higher. The company’s California
factory reopened last month af-
ter it had been closed for weeks
under a local shutdown order in-
tended to limit the spread of the
coronavirus, allowing it to accel-
erate production of its anticipat-
ed sport utility vehicle, the Model
Y. And sales of vehicles produced
at Tesla’s Shanghai factory re-
portedly recovered in May.
“While the stock has been
roaring higher, we believe the
main fundamental catalyst con-
tinues to be the massive China
market which is showing clear
signs of a spike in demand,” Dan-
iel Ives, managing director of eq-
uity research at Wedbush Securi-
ties, said in a note on Tuesday.
On Wednesday, Mr. Musk told
staff in a memo that it was also
time for the company to ramp up
production of the Tesla Semi
commercial truck, according to
Reuters. That might be in re-
sponse to Nikola, an Arizona-
based electric truck start-up
whose stock has rocketed since it
went public last week.
ECONOMY
World Economy on ‘Tightrope,’
A New Report Warns
The world economy is facing the
most severe recession in a cen-
tury and could experience a halt-
ing recovery as policymakers
brace for a potential second wave
of the coronavirus and as coun-
tries embrace protectionist poli-
cies, the Organization for Eco-
nomic Cooperation and Develop-
ment warned in a new report.
A grim economic outlook re-
leased by the O.E.C.D. on
Wednesday depicted a world
economy that is walking on a
“tightrope” as countries seek to
reopen after three months of
lockdowns. Considerable uncer-
tainty remains, however, as the
prospects and timing of a vaccine
remain unknown. Health experts
fear that the spread of the virus
could accelerate again later this
year.
“Extraordinary policies will be
needed to walk the tightrope to-
ward recovery,” said Laurence
Boone, the O.E.C.D.’s chief econo-
mist.
The O.E.C.D., which comprises
37 of the world’s leading econo-
mies, predicts that the global
economy will contract 6 percent
this year if a second wave of the
virus is avoided. If a second wave
does occur, world economic out-
put would fall 7.6 percent, before
rebounding by 2.8 percent in
2021. The two scenarios are
viewed as equally plausible.
Barring a second wave, the
O.E.C.D. expects the United
States economy to shrink 7.3 per-
cent and the euro area to shrink 9
percent. Among developed coun-
tries, Britain’s predicted fall was
the steepest, at 11.5 percent.
Emerging economies like Brazil,
Russia and South Africa, will be
hit hard given the strain on their
already fragile health systems.
RETAIL
Simon Property Cites Virus
In Canceling Mall Deal
Simon Property Group, the big-
gest mall operator in the United
States, said on Wednesday that it
was terminating its $3.6 billion
agreement to buy Taubman Cen-
ters, which operates malls in-
cluding the Mall at Short Hills in
New Jersey and Westfarms in
Connecticut.
Simon Property said that the
pandemic “had a uniquely ma-
terial and disproportionate effect
on Taubman compared with
other participants in the retail
real estate industry.”
It is the second prominent re-
tail deal to fall apart because of
the pandemic, following the ter-
mination of the sale of Victoria’s
Secret to a private equity firm
last month.
B6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Bye, Gummy Bears:
Salesforce Workplaces
Batten Down for Safety
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
be more sterile. It’ll be more hos-
pital-like.”
“Things that people love, like
gummy bears, huge jars of
gummy bears everywhere, aren’t
going to be there,” he added.
“They aren’t going to have a lot of
trinkets on their desks, because
we know that also spreads drop-
lets.”
Salesforce’s vision of a more
micromanaged workplace is in-
dicative of the complexities that
many businesses are grappling
with during the pandemic and sig-
nals a significant cultural shift for
office workers across the United
States.
With their airy work spaces,
fishbowl glass conference rooms
and hangout zones, tech giants
like Salesforce helped reshape the
American office from packed rows
of partitioned cubicles into open,
shared spaces. The homey, amen-
ity-filled settings encouraged col-
‘It’s going to be
different. It’ll be
more sterile. It’ll be
more hospital-like.‘
Marc Benioff, the chief executive of
Salesforce.
laboration and community —
while reducing employees’ eager-
ness to leave for home.
“The open-plan office has al-
ways been in some ways in the in-
terest of the company rather than
the worker, because it socializes
productivity,” said Melissa Gregg,
the chief technologist for user ex-
perience at Intel, where she re-
searches how technology affects
workers’ lives. “It forces workers
to watch each other’s work, and it
creates very few spaces of privacy
for individual workers.”
But the pandemic has made un-
bounded offices a liability.
Now some of the companies re-
sponsible for popularizing the
open-office tech ethos believe
they have an obligation — and a
big business opportunity — to pio-
neer a new normal. And they are
selling new tools for employers
‘15 Percent Pledge’:
Sephora Signs a Vow
To Push Black Brands
By SAPNA MAHESHWARI
As protests over police brutality
swept the country in recent weeks
and major retailers posted mes-
sages of solidarity with black
Americans on social media, Auro-
ra James, a creative director in
Brooklyn, asked herself if she ac-
tually felt that those brands were
standing with her as a black wom-
an and business owner.
“The answer was I didn’t,” Ms.
James, 35, said in an interview. “I
started thinking — black people
do not feel supported. I do not feel
supported.”
On May 29, she jotted down an
idea for what could change that
and posted it to Instagram: What
if major retailers like Walmart,
Sephora, Target and Whole Foods
started devoting 15 percent of
their shelf space to products from
black-owned businesses to align
with the population of African-
Americans in the United States?
It would fuel the growth of the
brands and attract new invest-
ments that would ultimately ex-
tend to black communities, she
wrote.
Her proposal, which quickly
rocketed around social media, is
now known as the 15 Percent
Pledge and has caught the atten-
tion of its intended audience. On
Wednesday, Sephora’s American
business said it would make the
pledge and create an advisory
group that would include Ms.
James and leaders of brands
owned by people of color to help it
make changes.
“Ultimately, this commitment is
about more than the prestige
products on our shelves,” said Ar-
temis Patrick, chief merchandis-
ing officer of Sephora. “It starts
with a long-term plan diversifying
our supply chain and building a
system that creates a better plat-
form for Black-owned brands to
grow, while ensuring Black voices
help shape our industry. We rec-
ognize we can do better.”
Sephora works with roughly
290 brands in the United States,
where it has more than 400 stores
plus locations in J.C. Penney. The
wishing to emulate them.
Facebook, for one, is betting
heavily on remote work. Last
month, on the same day the chief
executive, Mark Zuckerberg, an-
nounced that working from home
could become permanent for
many Facebook employees, the
company introduced new remote-
working tools for its enterprise cli-
ents. They included Workplace
Rooms, a videoconferencing serv-
ice for team meetings.
Salesforce, whose cloud soft-
ware for businesses already en-
ables remote work, is staking out
a different territory.
After closing its premises in
mid-March, the company drafted
a detailed, 21-page handbook to
reopen its offices. In recent com-
pany surveys, the majority of em-
ployees said they wanted to re-
turn to the office. Others who wish
to continue working from home
may do so until at least the end of
this year.
“We realized that, because the
safety, the health, the wellness of
everyone is our top priority, we
were going have to manage this
like we’ve never managed any-
thing before,” said Elizabeth
Pinkham, Salesforce’s executive
vice president for global real es-
tate.
Salesforce is also marketing a
new platform, Work.com, to help
other employers manage the com-
plexity of reopening their work-
places. The system includes work
shift scheduling software and a
contact-tracing program to help
identify employees who may have
been exposed to the virus at work.
“I just feel very strongly that we
have the ability to do something
very powerfully here and to moti-
vate this new workplace, just like
we did in the prior workplace,” Mr.
Benioff said. “Technology is actu-
ally going to become a critical part
of managing our workplace,
where before it was not part of our
culture.”
Salesforce is trying out its pan-
demic management playbook at a
handful of smaller locations that
reopened in late May — in Beijing,
Shanghai, Hong Kong and Seoul,
South Korea — the first of its of-
fices to reopen globally. Mr. Be-
nioff said the company would ap-
ply any lessons it learned from the
offices in Asia to subsequent loca-
company said it sold nine black-
owned brands, including Fenty
Beauty and Pat McGrath Labs.
Sephora, which is owned by
LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis
Vuitton, said it was committed to
the three stages of the pledge that
Ms. James outlined: figuring out
the current percentage of shelf
space and contracts dedicated to
black-owned businesses, identify-
ing concrete next steps to in-
crease that number, and taking ac-
tion by publishing and executing a
plan “for growing the share of
black businesses Sephora helps
empower to at least 15 percent.”
Rent the Runway also said on
Wednesday that it had committed
to the pledge. “We’re collectively
reckoning with the fact that for far
too long, fashion has co-opted the
style, inspiration and ideas of
Black culture without ensuring
that the people behind the work
are properly compensated,” Jen-
nifer Hyman, the company’s chief
executive and co-founder, said in a
statement.
The company said it would also
devote $1 million to support black
designers through other initia-
tives.
Ms. James has been urging Tar-
get to sign on through Instagram
posts. Target did not immediately
respond to a request for comment.
“The data exists that these
black businesses exist and they’re
wonderful — I buy black products
often, and as someone in the fash-
ion industry, some of my favorite
designers are black,” said Ms.
James, the founder of Brother Vel-
lies, a luxury accessories brand in
New York that works with arti-
sans globally.
“It’s not that there’s a lack of
product available,” she added.
“It’s just that people are not sup-
porting it in the right way. They
don’t have the means to develop
and grow their brands in the same
way.”
The pledge is a “lofty goal” but
it’s attainable, she said.
The effort from Ms. James
comes as major corporations
grapple with their own roles in
COMPANIES | MEDIA
A computer-generated three-dimensional rendering shows social-distancing markers at Salesforce offices in San Francisco.
tions that are preparing to reopen.
Company executives weighed
factors like government guidance
and declining virus cases in each
region to determine when to re-
open. For each building, they also
redesigned floor plans to enable
social distancing and instituted
other safety measures.
Essentially, Salesforce is ap-
proaching the pandemic as if it
were a software engineering prob-
lem. It has deconstructed the com-
plex process of reopening into in-
dividual measures that, taken to-
gether, are expected to make the
workplace safer and reduce the
risks of coronavirus outbreaks.
Will the engineering approach
work?
“We’re going to do it in a smart
way. We’re going to be careful,”
Mr. Benioff said, emphasizing that
the pandemic was uncharted ter-
ritory. “I can’t pretend to you I
have all the answers. Let’s get real
here.”
The task of overseeing the
workplace redesign at Salesforce,
and nudging employee behavioral
changes to go with it, falls in part
to Ms. Pinkham, who oversees the
company’s global real estate.
For the last few years, she has
worked to create a consistent,
homelike atmosphere at Sales-
force offices around the world. As
Aurora James, a creative director in Brooklyn, conceived a plan to urge
retailers to devote 15 percent of their shelf space to black-owned brands.
contributing to systemic inequal-
ity in the United States and their
often shoddy track records when
it comes hiring, promoting and
fairly compensating black men
and women. Some have also been
sharply criticized for recent mes-
sages of support that have been
vague or even hypocritical, and
failed to include concrete steps for
how the companies planned to
support black communities.
The idea behind the 15 percent
pledge is to move beyond one-
time donations and to create long-
er-lasting change at retailers, Ms.
James said. That would then have
a longer-term impact on black-
a result, many now resemble the
headquarters in Salesforce Tower,
the tallest building in San Fran-
cisco, where about 5,000 employ-
ees work.
On every floor, “social lounges”
combine a kitchen, a dining room
with big farm-style tables, and a
living-room-like space with
couches. The top floor, called the
Ohana Floor — “ohana” means
“family” in Hawaiian — gives em-
ployees a place to hang out, grab a
snack and admire the view during
the day while offering nonprofit
groups a venue for evening
events.
Now, rather than try to make all
the offices seem equally warm
and convivial, Ms. Pinkham must
make each one more antiseptic.
“Your plan for returning is go-
ing to be different for every single
building,” she said. “And you’re
going to have to manage a lot of
different data through every sin-
gle building.”
She is redesigning the floor
plans for each location, in consul-
tation with experts, to meet public
health recommendations for so-
cial distancing. The company is
removing work stations, for in-
stance, to reduce office capacity.
Desks that remain will be
spaced apart, with glass or plexi-
glass partitions between them.
GRACE MILLER
owned businesses.
For example, Sephora said it
would provide connections and
support to black-owned busi-
nesses from funders and venture
capitalists and evolve its existing
incubation programs to “focus on
women of color.”
“It’s not just writing a purchase
order for black-owned businesses
and putting them online and hop-
ing they do well,” Ms. James said.
“I want them to take their time
and map out a strategy — what
that onboarding looks like, how to
support them with marketing,
how to make sure they’re con-
nected to the right people.”
Team meeting rooms that once
held 14 will be severely limited.
“There’ll be a sign outside that
room that says: ‘Hey, everybody,
this meeting room now has a ca-
pacity of no more than four peo-
ple. Please respect that,’ ” she
said. “That will be part of the new
normal.”
Salesforce will also use schedul-
ing software to limit the number of
people working at each office. It
will not be an entirely automated
process.
Executives said they would
give a scheduling priority to em-
ployees who needed to go in be-
cause, say, they had to work on a
specific project or because
cramped family quarters made
working from home difficult. An-
other factor: federal guidelines
recommending that employers
encourage employees to avoid
crowded mass transit.
“Proximity to the office proba-
bly will be important, the ability to
walk, ride bikes, take a taxi, drive
your car when typically you would
just get on the train,” said Brent
Hyder, Salesforce’s chief people
officer. He added that employees
who lived closer to one of the sub-
urban offices may decide to work
there instead.
The biggest workplace change
may be cultural. Until there is a co-
Why Twitter Didn’t Label
Trump’s Tweet on Protester
By KATE CONGER
OAKLAND, CALIF. — President
Trump aimed his Twitter feed on
Tuesday toward a 75-year-old
man who had been shoved to the
sidewalk and badly injured by the
police in Buffalo.
Mr. Trump speculated that the
man, Martin Gugino, could be a
provocateur affiliated with an
anti-fascist movement. The presi-
dent also wondered if the man had
been trying to sabotage police
equipment, or fell intentionally to
generate outcry over police bru-
tality.
The president’s tweet, which
was not factual, provoked instant
outrage. Many users wondered
why Twitter, which last month
said it had added labels to a hand-
ful of Mr. Trump's tweets because
they contained election misinfor-
mation and glorified violence, did
not intervene.
The simple answer: The tweet
did not violate the company’s
rules, a spokesman said. What Mr.
Trump posted about Mr. Gugino, a
peace activist who was still in the
hospital recovering from a head
wound, did not cross into narrow
areas of content that the company
has staked out for closer scrutiny.
Twitter adds fact-checking la-
bels to tweets that contain misin-
formation about civic integrity or
the coronavirus, and tweets that
contain “manipulated media,” like
photos or videos that have been
doctored to mislead viewers. It
also places warnings on tweets
from world leaders that violate its
policy against promoting vio-
lence. Similar tweets from regular
users are often removed.
No other content — even offen-
sive or inaccurate claims like the
ones Mr. Trump posted about Mr.
Gugino — gets a label.
The disconnect between
putting labels on some of Mr.
Trump’s posts and ignoring argu-
ably more offensive content is in-
dicative of how difficult — and
confusing — it will be for the com-
pany to more closely moderate
what the president and other po-
litical figures post.
“This case absolutely illus-
trates the challenges Twitter is
facing right now: How can, and
how should, a platform moderate
a president who regularly pumps
polluted information into the
ecosystem?” said Whitney
SALESFORCE
ronavirus vaccine, or at least bet-
ter medical treatments, Sales-
force employees will find their for-
merly fun-loving office life more
managed by rules and tech tools.
In other words, they may get a
taste of the kind of top-down infra-
structure that is more common for
retail and warehouse workers —
with one huge difference: If Sales-
force employees would rather not
fill out daily coronavirus-symp-
tom surveys, or don’t like the new
office rules, they can keep work-
ing from home.
Employees will still want to go
into the office, Ms. Pinkham said,
only less frequently and for more
specific reasons. To adapt, the
company plans to schedule cer-
tain teams for the same shifts so
they can see their colleagues and
whiteboard ideas together, she
said, albeit while wearing masks
in more sparsely populated con-
ference rooms.
“It may become more of an in-
tentional behavior,” Ms. Pinkham
said of going to the office, “versus
an ‘I just wake up and go to the of-
fice because that’s what I do’ be-
havior.”
It is an idea that will make the
tech office, once the ersatz home
away from home, more like a ho-
tel.
Phillips, an assistant professor at
Syracuse University. “No deci-
sion, whether it’s to respond or not
to respond, will be consequence-
free.”
Last month, Twitter began add-
ing labels to Mr. Trump’s tweets.
The company fact-checked com-
ments he made about elections
and placed a warning label over a
tweet in which, it said, Mr. Trump
glorified violence.
It was the first time that Twitter
had taken any action against Mr.
Trump, who has long enjoyed free
rein on the platform and used it as
his preferred method of lobbing
insults against rivals and revving
up his supporters.
Twitter’s move was met with
anger from Mr. Trump and promi-
nent conservatives, who said the
company was censoring their
voices. Mr. Trump signed an exec-
‘This case absolutely
illustrates the
challenges Twitter is
facing right now.’
Whitney Phillips, an assistant
professor at Syracuse University.
utive order intended to chip away
at legal protections for Twitter
and other social media compa-
nies. That order is already facing a
lawsuit challenging its legality.
Twitter’s recent moderation of
the president’s comments has
brought heightened scrutiny to
the social media company, with
conservatives and liberals alike
unearthing tweets they find offen-
sive and questioning why Twitter
has not acted on them.
Twitter has a number of rules
governing content, and the com-
pany often tinkers with them, add-
ing new rules or adjusting old
ones. The frequent changes can
generate confusion and show the
challenges facing Twitter as it
scrambles to keep up with high-
profile users like Mr. Trump who
frequently skirt its rules.
But Twitter is also on the hook
for enforcing copyright and trade-
mark. Last week, Twitter deleted
a video posted by the Trump 2020
campaign because it had received
a complaint from the copyright
holder of a song used in the video.

Amazon’s almost windowless warehouse in Kent, Wash., stretches across more than one million square feet. A vast web of conveyor belts crisscrosses the building, moving products to workers in storage and pick-up areas.
Amazon Spreads a Message of Safety
FROM FIRST BUSINESS PAGE
In hundreds of its facilities,
workers became ill with Covid-19,
and many blamed the company.
At the height of its crisis, one Am-
azon executive said he had quit
over the firings of workers who
raised questions about workplace
safety during the pandemic.
While Amazon has rolled out
safety changes, many workers
and officials said the measures
were unevenly deployed and
came too late.
But in recent weeks, workers
said, some conditions inside the
warehouses have improved. And
the company, which was in emer-
gency response mode in March
and April, has resumed a more
regular rhythm of business.
Amazon recently invited re-
porters into a fulfillment center in
Kent, Wash., 20 miles south of Se-
attle, where the company is based.
The New York Times agreed to
tour the facility to see the changes
that Amazon and many workers
around the country had de-
scribed.
When employees arrive at the warehouse, their temperature is taken and they receive a mask. Lanes have been created to help them maintain social distance, though that is not always possible.
THE NEW YORK TIMES BUSINESS THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Plexiglass, Tape and Sanitizer
The facility, which opened in
2016, stretches across more than
one million square feet. The squat,
largely windowless structure sits
in an industrial park surrounded
by parking lots. Inside, a vast web
of conveyor belts crisscrosses the
building, moving between areas
where workers stow products into
robotic shelves and areas where
the workers pick items up from
the shelves. There are also work-
stations where people package
the items for shipping.
On a typical shift, 600 to 800 em-
ployees work there. Much of the
building naturally has little hu-
man interaction because the work
areas are spaced far apart.
But some high-traffic areas
have changed. The human re-
sources desk has put up walls of
plexiglass so people can still talk
face to face, with a layer of separa-
tion. There is tape throughout the
warehouse marking out six-foot
increments for social distancing.
Sanitizer stations are common;
before they were rare.
VIRUS FALLOUT
The biggest transformation is
at the building’s entryway, a wide
lobby area with tall turnstiles.
Workers would previously pass
through the turnstiles and start
their shift. Now when they arrive,
they are channeled past thermal
cameras, manned by colleagues,
to take their temperatures. At a
small stand enclosed in plexi-
glass, a worker stands with a
stack of masks, which are handed
out using long tongs.
The Testing Lab
After workers pass through the
temperature checks, they see a
glass-walled room that previously
was used for training. The room is
part of an Amazon pilot program
to test warehouse employees for
Covid-19, part of the $4 billion that
the company has said it plans to
spend in the next few months to
respond to the virus.
When workers enter the make-
shift testing center, they scan
their company badge. They are
handed, via forceps, a test kit for
the virus. The small plastic bag,
which is marked with a biohazard
symbol, contains a swab and test-
tube-like container. Workers can
go to one of several areas with ta-
bles to follow instructions on how
to administer the test. Then they
seal their test kit and place it in a
green bin.
An employee of Concentra, a
company that provides work-
place health care, is on hand to
give the medical oversight
needed for self-administered
tests.
Amazon said more than 1,000 of
the more than 3,000 workers at
the facility had been tested for the
coronavirus.
A Thrum of Activity
Workers still come and go. They
grab lunch in the break room and
have a smoke outside. Those are
signs that business is getting back
to normal.
In the early stages of the pan-
demic, Amazon focused on ship-
ping critical products, like hand
sanitizer and diapers. But the
Kent warehouse also packed
N B7
PHOTOGRAPHS BY RUTH FREMSON/NEW YORK TIMES
products to meet shoppers’ other
whims — outdoor lights, blenders,
car-washing supplies and more.
Amazon has hired 175,000 tem-
porary workers — including
about 1,000 at this warehouse
alone — to stand in for employees
who stayed home during the early
phase of the pandemic and to help
meet demand that rivaled its peak
holiday season. Now the majority
of those workers have been given
permanent roles.
Emilie Deschamps, a worker
whom Amazon authorized to talk
publicly, joined the warehouse in
October. She said the biggest
change hadn’t been physical but,
rather, how Amazon had adjusted
break times to stagger them and
reduce congestion. The company
also gave people extra time to
wash their hands, she said.
“Honestly, it’s been OK so far,”
Ms. Deschamps said.
Even with work stations spaced
far apart, employees pass closely
by one another at times, just as
you might see at a grocery store
or on a sidewalk.
B8 THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
N
Top Players
In England
Plan Tribute
To Protests
By RORY SMITH
LEEDS, England — The captains of
England’s leading soccer clubs have in-
formed the Premier League that players
intend to demonstrate their support for
the Black Lives Matter movement when
the competition resumes play next week.
The issue was raised on Tuesday dur-
ing a regular conference call with the
captains of all 20 Premier League clubs,
part of an effort by the league to maintain
a direct dialogue with its players over the
course of the coronavirus lockdown and
a way for the captains to convey their
squads’ views to the authorities.
The league is scheduled to return to
action in a week, with the first two games
played on Wednesday, before a full round
of matches the following weekend.
The latest meeting focused on which
causes the players believed should be
emphasized, either as part of the
pregame pageantry or in messages
rolling along advertising hoardings or
emblazoned on banners.
The captains — led by Héctor Bellerín
of Arsenal, Seamus Coleman of Everton
and Troy Deeney of Watford — sug-
gested going beyond a display of grati-
tude to the National Health Service and
to Britain’s other key workers.
At the meeting, the players said that
they also wanted to show their support
for the protests that have swept the globe
after the killing in Minneapolis of George
Floyd, a black man who died after a white
police officer placed his knee on his neck
for several minutes.
The Premier League has traditionally
shied away from any gesture that might
be considered political — in 2018, the
Manchester City coach, Pep Guardiola,
who is from Catalonia, was fined 20,000
DAVID KLEIN/REUTERS
Héctor Bellerín, Arsenal’s cap-
tain, backs Black Lives Matter.
pounds, or about $25,000, for wearing a
yellow ribbon on his lapel in support of
the region’s independence from Spain —
but the organization is not expected to
stand in the way of the players’ wishes.
National authorities have already
been advised by FIFA, soccer’s global
governing body, that players showing
support for the Black Lives Matter
movement — or sending an anti-racism
message — should not be punished.
In Germany, where the Bundesliga re-
turned to competitive play last month,
players and teams have already shown
solidarity with the protests: A number of
Borussia Dortmund and Bayern Munich
players have warmed up in jerseys bear-
ing slogans from the protests — includ-
ing “No Justice, No Peace” — while Mar-
cus Thuram, a Borussia Mönchenglad-
bach forward, took a knee after scoring
against Union Berlin.
Weston McKennie, an American mid-
fielder who plays for Schalke, wore an
armband demanding justice for Floyd.
In Britain, where tens of thousands
have attended Black Lives Matter pro-
tests across the country in recent days,
players from Chelsea, Liverpool and
Newcastle have all taken a knee before
training sessions.
The Manchester City forward Raheem
Sterling — who had emerged as a power-
ful advocate on the issue of discrimina-
tion both within soccer and in society as a
whole long before the latest round of pro-
tests — expressed the need to “imple-
ment change” in an interview with
Newsnight, the BBC’s flagship news re-
view program.
The protesters, Sterling said, “are try-
ing to find a solution and a way to stop
the injustice they are seeing, and they
are fighting for their cause.”
The captains of the Premier League’s
teams have made clear that they want to
be able to express the same sentiment
when they return to the field over the
next 10 days.
Though it is not yet known what form
that message will take — the Premier
League is likely to offer the players a
number of options — Bellerín, Coleman
and Deeney were all particularly vocal
during the meeting, stating their belief
that soccer had a duty to make its voice
heard on a social issue that matters so
much not just to its fans, but also to its
players.
SCORES ANALYSIS COMMENTARY
‘I had to reset and totally focus
on just me.’
KEVIN DURANT, discussing his rehab
A Cornerstone
Wants Time
To Get Set
MARCIO JOSE SANCHEZ/ASSOCIATED PRESS
If the Nets think Durant
should rush back, they
should think again.
Wednesday marks a full, wild year
since Kevin Durant went, in an in-
stant, from unleashing a crossover
dribble on the right wing against
Serge Ibaka in the N.B.A. finals to
hobbling to the sideline
MARC with a torn Achilles’
tendon in his right leg.
STEIN The stunning injury,
combined with Klay
ON PRO Thompson’s torn left
BASKETBALL
anterior cruciate liga-
ment three days later, helped seal the
Golden State Warriors’ loss in the
finals to the Toronto Raptors after
three titles in the previous four sea-
sons. A few weeks later, Durant com-
mitted to sign with the Nets in free
agency and, despite vowing to sit out
his entire first season as a Net to
recover, received assurances from
U.S.A. Basketball officials that they
would keep a roster spot open for the
2020 Tokyo Olympics in case he had
sufficiently healed. CHRIS YOUNG/THE CANADIAN PRESS, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS
The wildest twist, of course, came
when those Olympics were postponed
Kevin Durant, then with the Warriors, leaving the court after injuring his Achilles’ tendon in last year’s N.B.A. finals.
until 2021 by a global pandemic that
also suddenly gave Durant the unprec- Durant to play sooner than he or his The fastest recovery from a torn ical and try to be uber-prepared to
edented option of playing for the Nets new team had planned in the overly Achilles’ tendon over the past 15 sea- start next season in high gear — when
in July and August. optimistic view that he might lead the sons, according to data maintained by LeBron James, Giannis Antetokoun-
Durant, though, is in no hurry — not 30-34 Nets to theoretical title glory Jeff Stotts at InStreetClothes.com, was mpo, Kawhi Leonard and the rest of
in his struggle to conquer the injury that, six weeks before the season even by Wesley Matthews, who debuted for Durant’s top-shelf contemporaries will
N.B.A. players dread most. There was restarts, is already generating fre- the Dallas Mavericks in October 2015, be emerging from the shortest off-
an inevitable clamor, as the N.B.A. quent debates over its legitimacy? 231 days after he tore the tendon while season ever.
inched closer to a reboot of the 2019-20 Ring-chasing, for Durant, makes no playing with the Portland Trail Blaz- In his interview with Spears, Durant
season in recent weeks, for Durant to sense. ers. Kobe Bryant, at age 34, was side- spoke of “putting pressure on myself”
make his comeback at Walt Disney The Nets, mind you, aren’t a title lined for 241 days after sustaining an during past injury absences “to hurry
World Resort, since Tokyo was no contender as currently constituted — Achilles tear in the Los Angeles Lak- up and come back.” Much of Durant’s
longer an option. Yet as he confirmed even if Kyrie Irving were healthy. ers’ third-to-last game of the 2012-13 current recovery work has taken place
on Friday to my longtime colleague Irving, remember, had season-end- regular season. in Southern California, in part to give
Marc J. Spears from The Undefeated, ing shoulder surgery in early March. So the timetable, for some, suggests him some distance from the Nets and
Durant remains intent on waiting for from that type of thinking.
And Durant, who also tested positive Durant should pack for Disney World
the 2020-21 season to make his return. for the coronavirus in March, hasn’t without hesitation. “I had to reset and totally focus on
“It gives me more time to get ready played for 12 months because of his But Durant, 31, isn’t trying to win a just me and what I wanted out of this
for next season and the rest of my
Achilles’ tendon tear in Toronto — an rehab race. He wants to not only be thing,” Durant told Spears. “For the
career,” Durant told Spears of his injury that has prevented virtually the first Achilles’ patient since Wilkins, first time, I felt like I was in my own
strategy.
every previous N.B.A. victim, with the then 32, to reclaim his All-Star status, space rehabbing.
That is unquestionably the smartest notable exception of Dominique but also to re-establish himself as the “I could really take my time and
strategy. Wilkins in the early 1990s, from re- game’s most lethal scorer. focus on myself each and every day.”
There is no upside to Durant alter- turning to their past form. The wisest path is to stay method- With two more guaranteed years on
ing his timetable. Why would he or the his Nets contract, that is precisely
Nets want to rush into the unknown of where Durant’s focus should be. Tak-
what may be the most unwelcoming ing a long-term view is best for the
environment in league history? Nets, too, no matter where you stand
Why place so much importance on a on the merits of an N.B.A. postseason
season that will surely be labeled by that will be played at a centralized site
some within the league, as well as with no fans, no travel and increased
historians on the outside, as not being injury risk for many players after an
a true continuation of the 2019-20 abrupt three-month break. They sim-
campaign that was suddenly halted on ply aren’t ready to challenge the elite
March 11 by the coronavirus out- now.
break? Support seems to be growing among
Right. It’s a reckless idea. my peers for the idea that whatever
Durant won back-to-back champi- team emerges with the title after the
onships and consecutive finals Most mentally grueling isolation of a three-
Valuable Player Awards in his first month stay in the N.B.A.’s tightly
two seasons as a Warrior. Still, those
controlled bubble, even without so
honors did not make his legacy univer-
many of the usual hallmarks of playoff
sally sparkle, as he might have hoped
basketball, will be lauded for its
after his polarizing decision to leave
strength, resolve and adaptability, and
Oklahoma City for the Bay Area in the
branded a worthy champion.
summer of 2016. So now why expect
I am not there yet, but I also think
A) We can save that discourse for
Go behind the N.B.A.’s curtain with the another day and B) None of that talk
LACHLAN CUNNINGHAM/GETTY IMAGES
league’s foremost expert. Get Marc should influence Durant’s thinking on
Stein’s weekly newsletter in your inbox. A knee injury to Klay Thompson three days after Durant was sidelined this unhappy anniversary or any other
Sign up at nytimes.com/newsletters. sealed the Warriors’ fate against the eventual champion Toronto Raptors. occasion this summer.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N B9

TENNIS S C O R E B OA R D

Second Knee Operation Sidelines Federer for the Year SOCCER

BUNDESLIGA
BASEBALL

M.L.B. DRAFT SELECTIONS

Team GP W D L GF GA Pts Wednesday night
By CHRISTOPHER CLAREY Bayern . . . . . . 30 22 4 4 90 30 70 First Round
Dortmund . . . . 30 19 6 5 81 35 63 1. Detroit Tigers, Spencer Torkelson, 1B,
As the tennis world debates RB Leipzig . . . 30 16 11 3 75 32 59 Arizona State.
Monchengladbch 30 17 5 8 57 36 56 2. Baltimore Orioles, Heston Kjerstad, OF,
when it will be safe to resume offi- Leverkusen . . . 30 17 5 8 56 40 56 Arkansas.
cial competition, Roger Federer Wolfsburg . . . . 30 12 9 9 42 36 45 3. Miami Marlins, Max Meyer, RHP,
Hoffenheim . . . 30 12 7 11 42 50 43 Minnesota.
has made it clear he will not return Freiburg . . . . . 30 11 8 11 39 41 41 4. Kansas City Royals, Asa Lacy, LHP,
to the courts in 2020. Hertha Berlin . . 30 10 8 12 43 51 38 Texas A&M.
Schalke . . . . . 30 9 11 10 35 47 38 5. Toronto Blue Jays, Austin Martin, SS,
On Wednesday, he announced Eintracht . . . . . 30 10 5 15 49 55 35 Vanderbilt.
that he recently had a second oper- Cologne . . . . . 30 10 5 15 47 57 35 6. Seattle Mariners, Emerson Hancock,
Augsburg . . . . 30 8 8 14 41 57 32 RHP, Georgia.
ation on his right knee and that he Union Berlin. . . 30 9 5 16 35 53 32 7. Pittsburgh Pirates, Nick Gonzales, SS,
Mainz . . . . . . . 30 9 4 17 39 62 31 New Mexico State.
would not play again this year. Fortuna Dusseldrf 30 6 10 14 33 60 28 8. San Diego Padres, Robert Hassell III, OF,
Federer, 38, first had surgery on Bremen . . . . . 30 6 7 17 30 63 25 Independence (Tenn.) H.S.
SC Paderborn . 30 4 8 18 33 62 20 9. Colorado Rockies, Zac Veen, OF, Spruce
the knee in February, shortly after Wednesday, June 3 Creek (Fla.) H.S.
reaching the semifinals of the Aus- Bremen 0, Eintracht 3 10. Los Angeles Angels, Reid Detmers,
LHP, Louisville.
tralian Open and playing an exhibi- Friday, June 5 11. Chicago White Sox, Garrett Crochet,
Freiburg 1, Monchengladbach 0 LHP, Tennessee.
tion match with Rafael Nadal in 12. Cincinnati Reds, Austin Hendrick, OF,
Saturday, June 6
Cape Town, South Africa. RB Leipzig 1, SC Paderborn 1 West Allegheny (Pa.) H.S.
13. San Francisco Giants, Patrick Bailey,
“A few weeks ago, having experi- Leverkusen 2, Bayern 4
C, NC State.
Eintracht 0, Mainz 2
enced a setback during my initial Fortuna Dusseldorf 2, Hoffenheim 2 14. Texas Rangers, Justin Foscue, 2B,
Dortmund 1, Hertha Berlin 0 Mississippi St.
rehabilitation, I had to have an ad- 15. Philadelphia Phillies, Mick Abel, RHP,
Sunday, June 7 Jesuit (Ore.) H.S.
ditional quick arthroscopic pro- Bremen 0, Wolfsburg 1 16. Chicago Cubs, Ed Howard, SS, Mt.
cedure,” Federer said on social me- Union Berlin 1, Schalke 1 Carmel (Ill.) H.S.
Augsburg 1, Cologne 1 17. Boston Red Sox, Nick Yorke, 2B,
dia. “I will be missing my fans and Archbishop Mitty (Calif.) H.S.
Friday, June 12
the tour dearly, but I will look for- Hoffenheim vs. RB Leipzig 18. Arizona Diamondbacks, Bryce Jarvis,
RHP, Duke.
ward to seeing everyone back on Saturday, June 13 19. Mets, Pete Crow-Armstrong, OF,
tour at the start of the 2021 season.” Wolfsburg vs. Freiburg Harvard-Westlake (Calif.) H.S.
Fortuna Dusseldorf vs. Dortmund 20. Milwaukee Brewers, Garrett Mitchell,
Federer would probably have Hertha Berlin vs. Eintracht OF, UCLA.
Cologne vs. Union Berlin 21. St. Louis Cardinals
seen few fans in the stands if he had MIKE HUTCHINGS/REUTERS SC Paderborn vs. Bremen 22. Washington Nationals
played again this year. The coro- Bayern vs. Monchengladbach 23. Cleveland Indians
navirus pandemic has canceled all Roger Federer playing against Rafael Nadal in February. He had surgery on his knee soon afterward. Sunday, June 14 24. Tampa Bay Rays
Mainz vs. Augsburg 25. Atlanta Braves
play on tour since mid-March, and Schalke vs. Leverkusen 26. Oakland Athletics
27. Minnesota Twins
if competition does resume, it will and Djokovic will have the opportu- tionally could still force the U.S. ian Open again in 2018 before re- 28. Yankees
most likely be without spectators ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE 29. Los Angeles Dodgers
nity to add to their totals in 2020. Open and French Open to be can- gaining the No. 1 ranking at age 36, Competitive Balance-Round A
(or with very few of them). Wimbledon, which was Federer’s celed. which made him the oldest man to Team GP W D L GF GA Pts 30. Baltimore Orioles
Liverpool . . . . . 29 27 1 1 66 21 82 31. Pittsburgh Pirates
Federer, who will turn 39 in Au- initial target for his return, was While players and officials weigh reach the top spot. Man City. . . . . 28 18 3 7 68 31 57 32. Kansas City Royals
gust, has said the reason he has canceled for the first time since the pros and cons of resuming play, “Now, much like I did leading up Leicester. . . . . 29 16 5 8 58 28 53 33. Arizona Diamondbacks
Chelsea . . . . . 29 14 6 9 51 39 48 34. San Diego Padres
played so many years with evident 1945. Federer will observe (and rehabili- to the 2017 season, I plan to take the Man United . . . 29 12 9 8 44 30 45 35. Colorado Rockies
enthusiasm is his connection to the For now, the two remaining tate) from afar, in the company of necessary time to be 100 percent Wolverhampton 29
Sheffield United 28
10
11
13
10
6
7
41
30
34
25
43
43
36. Cleveland Indians
37. Tampa Bay Rays (from Cardinals)
public, and he is typically a crowd Grand Slam tournaments in 2020 his wife, Mirka, and their four chil- ready to play at my highest level,” Tottenham. . . . 29 11 8 10 47 40 41
favorite. Arsenal . . . . . . 28 9 13 6 40 36 40 M.L.B. NO. 1 DRAFT PICKS
are the United States Open, which dren. Federer said in his statement. Burnley . . . . . . 29 11 6 12 34 40 39
He still holds the men’s record for is scheduled from Aug. 31 to Sept. In a grueling individual sport, he He is still ranked No. 4 despite Crystal Palace . 29 10 9 10 26 32 39 2020 — Spencer Torkelson, 1b (Detroit
Everton. . . . . . 29 10 7 12 37 46 37 Tigers)
Grand Slam singles titles with 20. 13, and the French Open, which has has been a remarkably durable having played just six official Newcastle . . . . 29 9 8 12 25 41 35 2019 — Adley Rutschman, c (Baltimore
But his longtime rivals Nadal and been rescheduled for late Septem- champion. He did not have a signifi- matches and only one tour event in Southampton . . 29 10 4 15 35 52 34 Orioles)
Brighton . . . . . 29 6 11 12 32 40 29 2018 — Casey Mize, rhp (Detroit Tigers)
Novak Djokovic have closed the ber and early October with precise cant injury until 2016, when he re- 2020. Those are his lowest totals in West Ham . . . . 29 7 6 16 35 50 27 2017 — Royce Lewis, ss (Minnesota Twins)
gap. Nadal, 34, has 19 major singles dates to be determined. quired surgery on his left knee, any season since he joined the tour Watford . . . . . 29
Bournemouth . . 29
6
7
9
6
14
16
27
29
44
47
27
27
2016 — Mickey Moniak, of (Philadelphia
Phillies)
titles. Djokovic, 33, won his 17th at U.S. Open officials plan to an- which caused him to take a six- full time in 1999. Aston Villa. . . . 28 7 4 17 34 56 25 2015 — Dansby Swanson, ss (Arizona
Norwich . . . . . 29 5 6 18 25 52 21 Diamondbacks)
this year’s Australian Open after nounce next week whether their month break from the game. But this has been a season unlike 2014 — Brady Aiken, lhp (Houston Astros)
beating the ailing Federer in a tournament can be played. But con- When he returned in 2017, he won any other, and it remains unclear Wednesday, June 17 2013 — Mark Appel, rhp (Houston Astros)
Aston Villa vs. Sheffield United 2012 — Carlos Correa, ss (Houston Astros)
semifinal. cerns about the pandemic and the the Australian Open and Wimble- just how much tennis Federer will Manchester City vs. Arsenal 2011 — Gerrit Cole, rhp (Pittsburgh Pirates)
But it is unclear whether Nadal players’ ability to travel interna- don and went on to win the Austral- end up missing. Friday, June 19 2010 — Bryce Harper, c-of (Washington
Norwich vs. Southampton, Nationals)
Tottenham vs. Manchester United 2009 — Stephen Strasburg, rhp
(Washington Nationals)
Saturday, June 20 2008 — Tim Beckham, ss (Tampa Bay
SWIMMING Watford vs. Leicester
Brighton vs. Arsenal
West Ham vs. Wolverhampton
Rays)
2007 — David Price, lhp (Tampa Bay Devil
Rays)
Bournemouth vs. Crystal Palace 2006 — Luke Hochevar, rhp (Kansas City
Sunday, June 21 Royals)
2005 — Justin Upton, ss (Arizona

6 Women File Sex Abuse Suits Against U.S.A. Swimming

By JULIET MACUR
Six women have sued U.S.A.
Swimming, saying the national
governing body for the sport failed
to protect them from coaches who
were sexual predators when they
were preteens and teenagers dec-
ades ago, according to multiple civ-
il lawsuits filed in two California
courts.
The lawsuits, filed by women
now in their 40s and 50s, claim that
the organization enabled those
coaches to sexually assault girls
and young women for years. The
women’s former swimming clubs
Swimming under a recent Califor-
nia law that opened a three-year
window in which people can file sex
abuse claims that had expired un-
der the statute of limitations.
Two other women, Tracy Palm-
ero, 46, and Suzette Moran, 53, each
filed a separate case against U.S.A.
Swimming and other coaches.
Palmero, who claimed that her
former coach, Everett Uchiyama,
abused her beginning when she
was 16, said Wednesday during a
news conference with several other
plaintiffs that filing her lawsuit
gives her “an avenue for closure”
abusive coaches who take advan-
tage of young and vulnerable ath-
letes.
Federal prosecutors are investi-
gating whether U.S.A. Swimming
tried to hide sex abuse claims
within its sport. Among those at the
center of those investigations is
Chuck Wielgus, the longtime exec-
utive director of the federation who
died of cancer in 2017 and who was
criticized for his mismanagement
of abuse claims. But the plaintiffs in
nization was aware of the lawsuits
and that its leadership remains
“committed to providing a safe en-
vironment and a positive culture
for all its members.”
“We fully support survivors of
sexual abuse along their healing
journey,” the statement said, noting
it had barred the three coaches
named in the lawsuits long ago.
Grodensky said she filed a law-
suit to force the current leadership
of U.S.A. Swimming to make the
sport safer.
Grodensky said she expected
drastic changes to the organiza-
Newcastle vs. Sheffield United
Aston Villa vs. Chelsea
Everton vs. Liverpool
TRANSACTIONS
SOCCER
National Women's Soccer League
SKY BLUE FC — Named Becki Tweed as
assistant coach.
GOLF
PGA REVISED SCHEDULE
June 11-14 — Charles Schwab Challenge,
Colonial CC, Fort Worth, Texas
June 18-21 —RBC Heritage, Harbour
Town GL, Hilton Head Island, S.C.
June 25-28 — Travelers Championship,
TPC River Highlands, Cromwell, Conn.
July 2-5 — Rocket Mortgage Classic,
Detroit GC, Detroit, Mich.
July 9-12 — John Deere Classic, TPC
Deere Run, Silvis, Ill.
July 16-19 — Memorial Tournament,
Muirfield Village GC, Dublin, Ohio
Diamondbacks)
2004 — Matt Bush, ss (San Diego Padres)
2003 — Delmon Young, of (Tampa Bay
Devil Rays)
2002 — Bryan Bullington, rhp (Pittsburgh
Pirates)
2001 — Joe Mauer, c (Minnesota Twins)
2000 — Adrian Gonzalez, 1b (Florida
Marlins)
1999 — Josh Hamilton, rf-lhp (Tampa Bay
Devil Rays)
1998 — Pat Burrell, 3b (Philadelphia
Phillies)
1997 — Matt Anderson, rhp (Detroit Tigers)
1996 — Kris Benson, rhp (Pittsburgh
Pirates)
1995 — Darin Erstad, of-1B (California
Angels)
1994 — Paul Wilson, rhp (N.Y. Mets)
1993 — Alex Rodriguez, ss (Seattle
Mariners)
1992 — Phil Nevin, 3b (Houston Astros)
1991 — Brien Taylor, lhp (N.Y. Yankees)
1990 — Chipper Jones, ss (Atlanta Braves)
1989 — Ben McDonald, rhp (Baltimore
Orioles)
1988 — Andy Benes, rhp (San Diego
Padres)
1987 — Ken Griffey Jr., of (Seattle
Mariners)

and swimming associations, as
well as two of their former coaches,
that wasn’t possible before the new Assertions that tion’s leadership to happen years
July 23-26 — 3M Open, TPC Twin Cities,
Blaine, Minn.
1986 — Jeff King, inf (Pittsburgh Pirates)
1985 — B.J. Surhoff, c (Milwaukee
Brewers)
law. ago — at least in 2010 after King July 30-Aug. 2 — WGC-FedEx St. Jude

also were named as defendants in
the lawsuits.
“My sexual abuse was 100 per-
cent preventable,” said Debra Gro-
densky, 51, a plaintiff in one of the
three cases filed in state courts in
Orange County and Alameda
County with the help of the attor-
neys Robert Allard and Mark J.
Boskovich. She said she was
abused in the 1980s by her former
coach, Andrew King. He is serving
a prison sentence of 40 years for
child molestation.
Grodensky and three other plain-
tiffs in her lawsuit sued U.S.A.
Also named in a suit was Mitch
Ivey, a former U.S. Olympic and na-
tional team coach. Ivey, Uchiyama
and King have been barred for life
from Olympic sports by both U.S.A.
Swimming and the U.S. Center for
SafeSport, an independent body
that tracks abuse in Olympic sports
and maintains a database of people
who have been barred.
Uchiyama and Ivey did not re-
spond to messages seeking com-
ment.
The lawsuits represent the latest
blow to a sport that, like gymnas-
tics, has for decades struggled with
AU T O R AC I N G
a governing body
engaged in a cover-up.
the cases filed last week assert
there was a cover-up that went be-
yond Wielgus.
“Chuck Wielgus was the poster
boy bad guy within this organiza-
tion,” said Allard, one of the law-
yers. He added: “But he did not act
alone. Not even close.”
A statement from U.S.A. Swim-
ming on Wednesday said the orga-
was sentenced to prison. But even
then, the federation did not un-
dergo major changes. She said
King began abusing her when she
was 12, and first had sexual inter-
course with her at 15.
Now, lawsuits in hand, Groden-
sky and the other women are de-
manding that the federation take
substantial action to protect young
athletes.
“I want cultural change and
mandated education within this
great sport, so that child swimmers
can thrive without abuse,” Groden-
sky said.
Invitational, TPC Southwind, Memphis,
Tenn.
July 30-Aug. 2 —
Championship, Montreux Golf & CC,
Reno, Nev.
Barracuda
Aug. 6-9 — PGA Championship, Harding
Park GC, San Francisco, Calif.
Aug. 13-16 — Wyndham Championship,
Sedgefield CC, Greensboro, N.C.
Aug. 20-23 — The Northern Trust, TPC
Boston, Norton, Mass.
Aug. 27-30 — BMW Championship,
Olympia Fields CC, Olympia Fields, Ill.
Sept. 4-7 — Tour Championship, East
Lake GC, Atlanta, Ga.
Sept. 10-13 — Safeway Open, Silverado
Resort and Spa North, Napa, Calif.
Sept. 17-20 — U.S. Open, Winged Foot
GC, Mamaroneck, N.Y.
Sept. 24-27 — Corales Puntacana Resort
& Club Championship, Corales Golf Club,
Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
Sept. 25-27 — Ryder Cup, Whistling
Straits, Kohler, Wisc.
Oct. 1-4 — Sanderson Farms
Championship, CC of Jackson, Jackson,
Miss.
Oct. 8-11 — Shriners Hospitals for
Children Open, TPC Summerlin, Las
Vegas, Nevada
Oct. 15-18 — The CJ Cup at Nine
Bridges, Nine Bridges, Jeju Island, South
Korea
Oct. 22-25 — Zozo Championship,
Accordia Golf Narashino CC, Chiba,
1984 — Shawn Abner, of (N.Y. Mets)
1983 — Tim Belcher, rhp (Minnesota
Twins)
1982 — Shawon Dunston, ss (Chicago
Cubs)
1981 — Mike Moore, rhp (Seattle Mariners)
1980 — Darryl Strawberry, of (N.Y. Mets)
1979 — Al Chambers, of (Seattle Mariners)
1978 — Bob Horner, 3b (Atlanta Braves)
1977 — Harold Baines, of (Chicago White
Sox)
1976 — Floyd Bannister, lhp (Houston
Astros)
1975 — Danny Goodwin, c (California
Angels)
1974 — Bill Almon, inf (San Diego Padres)
1973 — David Clyde, lhp (Texas Rangers)
1972 — Dave Roberts, inf (San Diego
Padres)
1971 — Danny Goodwin, c (Chicago White
Sox)
1970 — Mike Ivie, c (San Diego Padres)
1969 — Jeff Burroughs, of (Washington
Senators)
1968 — Tim Foli, inf (N.Y. Mets)
1967 — Ron Blomberg, 1b (N.Y. Yankees)
1966 — Steve Chilcott, c (N.Y. Mets)
1965 — Rick Monday, of (Kansas City
Athletics)
KOREA BASEBALL
ORGANIZATION
FORMER M.L.B. PLAYERS'

NASCAR Says It Will Ban the Confederate Battle Flag

By MICHAEL LEVENSON
NASCAR said on Wednesday
that it would ban the Confederate
battle flag from its events and prop-
erties, becoming the latest organi-
zation to reconsider the emblem’s
place amid a national reckoning
over racism and white supremacy
after the death of George Floyd.
“The presence of the Confeder-
ate flag at NASCAR events runs
contrary to our commitment to pro-
viding a welcoming and inclusive
environment for all fans, our com-
petitors and our industry,”
NASCAR said in a statement.
“Bringing people together around
a love for racing and the communi-
ty that it creates is what makes our
fans and sport special. The display
of the Confederate flag will be pro-
hibited from all NASCAR events
and properties.”
NASCAR made the announce-
ment two days after Darrell Wal-
lace Jr., the first black driver in 50
years to win one of its top three na-
tional touring series, called on
NASCAR to ban the flags outright.
“No one should feel uncomfort-
able when they come to a NASCAR
race,” Wallace, who is known as
Bubba, told Don Lemon of CNN.
“So it starts with Confederate flags.
Get them out of here. They have no
place for them.”
On Wednesday evening, Wallace
praised the ban just before he de-
buted a new black paint scheme for
his No. 43 Chevrolet, with the slo-
gan “#blacklivesmatter” over the
rear wheels, at the NASCAR Cup
Series race at Martinsville Speed-
way in Virginia.
The new paint scheme, which
Wallace and his team, Richard
Petty Motorsports, revealed on
Tuesday, also features, on the hood,
a black fist and a white fist clasped
in a grip above the slogan “Com-
passion, Love, Understanding.”
“Bravo. Props to NASCAR and
everybody involved,” Wallace said
in an interview on Fox Sports,
wearing an “I can’t breathe” T-shirt
and a face mask emblazoned with
the American flag. “This has been a
stressful couple of weeks, and this
is no doubt the biggest race of my
career tonight.”
He added that he was feeling “a
lot of emotions, you know, on the
racetrack and off the racetrack.”
“That was a huge pivotal mo-
ment for the sport — a lot of back-
lash — but it creates doors that al-
low the community to come togeth-
er as one, and that’s what the real
mission is here,” he said.
Jeff Gordon, a four-time
NASCAR champion who is now an
announcer on Fox Sports, said the
ban was one of the “steps, I believe,
will make the sport and our country
better.”
The N.A.A.C.P. also welcomed
NASCAR’s decision.
“In this moment it’s good to see
entities like @nascar taking the
necessary steps to remove symbols
of hate, racism, and discrimination
from their events,” the organization
wrote on Twitter.
NASCAR began asking fans to
stop bringing Confederate battle
flags to races in 2015, after photos
circulated online of the white man
who killed nine black churchgoers
in Charleston, S.C., posing with the
flag.
But many in NASCAR’s predomi-
nantly white Southern fan base
have ignored the request and
brought the flag anyway, hoisting it
atop campers and R.V.s on fields
Bubba Wallace drove the No. 43 Chevrolet with the slogan
“#blacklivesmatter” on Wednesday at Martinsville Speedway.
around racetracks.
It was not immediately clear if
NASCAR’s ban would apply to
parking lots outside racetracks or
to Confederate imagery embla-
zoned on objects other than flags,
such as bumper stickers and T-
shirts. NASCAR said it was work-
ing with the industry to establish
protocols for the ban, so it can en-
force them at its tracks.
Across the country, public offi-
cials and private institutions have
been rethinking symbols of the
Confederacy as demonstrations
against police brutality and racism
have erupted in the weeks since
Floyd, a black man, was killed after
a white Minneapolis police officer
pressed his knee onto his neck for
nearly nine minutes.
Last Friday, the Marine Corps is-
sued detailed directives about re-
Japan STATISTICS
Oct. 29-Nov. 1 — World Golf
Championships-HSBC Champions, Through June 9
Sheshan International GC, Shanghai,
China HITTING LEADERS
Oct. 29-Nov. 1 — Bermuda ab h r rbi hr avg
Championship, Port Royal GC, Jose Fernandez, Bears 129 53 25 30 5 .411
Southampton, Bermuda Mel Rojas Jr., Wiz 123 46 25 29 9 .374
Nov. 5-8 — Houston Open, Memorial Park Preston Tucker, Tigers 124 40 24 31 8 .323
Golf Course, Houston, Texas Andre Altherr, Lions 105 30 20 30 8 .286
Nov. 12-15 — Masters Tournament, Jamie Romak, Wyverns 102 29 19 18 5 .284
Augusta National GC, Augusta, Ga.
Nov. 19-22 — The RSM Classic, Sea PITCHING LEADERS
Island Resort (Seaside), Sea Island,
Ga.
g ip so
Eric Jokisch, Heroes 6 36 30
w
5
l
0
era
1.49
Dec. 3-6 — Mayakoba Golf Classic, Drew Rucinski, Dinos 7 44 41 4 1 2.23
El Camaleon GC, Playa del Carmen, Dan Straily, Giants 7 40 43 1 2 2.23
Mexico Mike Wright, Dinos 6 34 31 4 1 2.65
Dec. 3-6 — Hero World Challenge, Aaron Brooks, Tigers 6 42 34 3 2 2.76
Albany, New Providence, Bahamas
Dec. 11-13 — QBE Shootout, Tiburon GC, (Provided by MyKBO Stats)
Naples, Fla.
AUTO RACING
L.P.G.A. REVISED SCHEDULE
NASCAR CUP SERIES
July 15-18 — Dow Great Lakes Bay
Invitational, Midland CC, Midland, SCHEDULE AND WINNERS
Mich.
July 23-26 — Marathon LPGA Classic, Feb. 9 - x-Busch Clash at Daytona (Erik
Highland Meadows GC, Sylvania, Jones)
Ohio. Feb. 13 - x-Bluegreen Vacations Duel 1 at
July 31-Aug. 2 — ShopRite LPGA Classic, Daytona (Joey Logano)
Sea View Dolce Hotel (Bay Course), Feb. 13 - x-Bluegreen Vacations Duel 2 at
Galloway, N.J. Daytona (William Byron)
Aug. 6-9 — The Evian Championship, Feb. 16 - Daytona 500 (Denny Hamlin)
ROB CARR/GETTY IMAGES
Evian Resort GC, Evian-les-Bains, Feb. 23 - Pennzoil 400 presented by Jiffy
France. Lube (Joey Logano)
Aug. 13-16 — Aberdeen Standard March 1 - Auto Club 400 (Alex Bowman)
Investments Ladies Scottish Open, March 8 - FanShield 500 (Joey Logano)
The Renaissance Club, North Berwick,
Scotland.
May 17 - The Real Heroes 400 (Kevin
Harvick)
Aug. 20-23 — AIG Women's British Open, May 20 - Toyota 500 (Denny Hamlin)
Royal Troon, Troon, Scotland. May 24 - Coca-Cola 600 (Brad Keselowski)
moving and banning public dis- Aug. 28-30 — Walmart NW Arkansas May 28 - Alsco Uniforms 500 (Chase Elliott)
plays of the Confederate battle flag
Championship, Pinnacle CC, Rogers, May 31 - Food City presents the
Ark. Supermarket Heroes 500 (Brad Keselowski)
Sept. 3-6 — CP Women's Open, June 7 - Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 (Kevin
at its installations — an order that
Shaughnessy Golf and CC, Vancouver, Harvick)
extended to such items as mugs, British Columbia. June 10 - Blue-Emu Maximum Pain Relief
Sept. 10-13 — ANA Inspiration, Mission 500, Martinsville, Va.
posters and bumper stickers. Hills CC, Rancho Mirage, Calif. June 14 - Toyota/Save Mart 350, Sonoma,
Sept. 17-20 — Cambia Portland Calif.
Also last week, the mayor of
Classic, Columbia Edgewater CC, June 14 - Dixie Vodka 400, Homestead, Fla.
Birmingham, Ala., ordered the re- Portland, Ore. June 21 - Chicagoland 400, Joliet, Ill.
moval of a Confederate statue from
Sept. 24-27 — Kia Classic, Aviara GC, June 21 - Geico 500, Talladega, Ala.
Carlsbad, Calif. June 27 - Pocono Organics 325 in
a public park. Oct. 1-4 — Meijer LPGA Classic, partnership with Rodale Institute, Long
Blythefield CC, Grand Rapids, Mich. Pond, Pa.
On Monday, a Pentagon official Oct. 8-11 — KPMG Women's PGA June 28 - Worry-Free Weather Guarantee
Championship, Aronimink GC, Newtown 350, Long Pond, Pa.
said that Secretary of Defense Square, Pa. July 5 - Big Machine Hand Sanitizer
Mark T. Esper and Secretary of the Oct. 15-18 — Buick LPGA Shanghai,
Qizhong Garden GC, Shanghai.
400 Powered by Big Machine Records,
Speedway, Ind.
Army Ryan McCarthy were “open Oct. 22-25 — BMW Ladies Championship, July 12 - Quaker State 400 Presented by
LPGA International Busan, Busan, South Walmart, Sparta, Ky.
to a bipartisan discussion on the Korea. July 15 - x-NASCAR Open, Concord,
topic” of removing Confederate Oct. 29-Nov. 1 — Taiwan Swinging Skirts N.C.
LPGA, Miramar Golf and CC, New Taipei July 15 - NASCAR All-Star Race, Concord,
names from military bases. City, Taiwan. N.C.
Nov. 6-8 — Toto Japan Classic, Taiheyo July 19 - O'Reilly Auto Parts 500, Fort
President Trump, however, shut Club (Minori Course), Ibaraki, Japan. Worth, Texas
down any such discussions, writing Nov. 19-22 — Pelican Women's July 23 - Kansas 400, Kansas City, Kan.
Championship, Pelican CC, Belleair, Fla. Aug. 2 - Foxwoods Resort Casino 301,
on Twitter on Wednesday that “my Dec. 3-6 — Volunteers of America Loudon, N.H.
Administration will not even con- Classic, Old American GC, The Colony,
Texas.
Aug. 8 - FireKeepers Casino 400, Brooklyn,
Mich.
sider the renaming of these Mag- Dec. 10-13 — U.S. Women's Open, Aug. 9 - Consumers Energy 400, Brooklyn,
Champions GC, Houston. Mich.
nificent and Fabled Military Instal- Dec. 17-20 — CME Group Tour Aug. 16 - Go Bowling at The Glen, Watkins
lations.” Championship, Tiburon GC, Naples, Fla. Glen, N.Y.
B10 N THE NEW YORK TIMES SPORTS THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
After Major League Soccer returns with an event in July, it hopes
to resume its regular season with a revised schedule in the fall.
M.L.S. Plans Tournament
In Florida as an Appetizer
By ANDREW DAS
Major League Soccer will re-
turn to the field in July with a
monthlong, World Cup-style tour-
nament in Florida that it hopes
will be a prelude to a return to
league play — and a traditional
postseason — in the fall.
M.L.S. announced plans for the
Florida event, in which all 26 of its
teams will play in empty stadi-
ums, on Wednesday. The tourna-
ment will open July 8 and, like the
World Cup, feature multiple
games a day to reduce six groups
of teams into a round of 16. From
there, the event will be a straight
knockout tournament, culminat-
ing in a final on Aug. 11.
The entire competition, from
group stage through the knockout
rounds, will be played at the
ESPN Wide World of Sports Com-
plex at the Walt Disney World Re-
sort near Orlando.
The event’s format is similar to
the one announced last month by
the National Women’s Soccer
League, but it differs in important
ways as M.L.S. looks beyond the
horizon to a return to play. The
biggest difference is that group
stage matches will count in the
regular-season standings, the
league said, as part of an effort to
chip away at a schedule that was
suspended by the coronavirus
pandemic just after the league’s
season began in March.
Once the Florida tournament
ends, M.L.S. plans to continue its
regular season with a revised
schedule in which teams would
play in their home cities. The play-
offs and the 25th M.L.S. Cup
championship game would follow,
state rules and the pandemic per-
mitting.
“I do believe we will get back to
our markets, all our fans should
expect that to happen,” M.L.S.
Commissioner Don Garber said in
a conference call with reporters.
“When that will happen is uncer-
tain, and if we will have any mar-
kets with fans is also uncertain.
“But we are hearing about dif-
ferent guidelines state-by-state
that there is even a possibility
The PGA Tour Returns, Featuring a Star-Studded Field and a Vexing Virus Test
By BILL PENNINGTON
The PGA Tour returns from a
90-day layoff on Thursday with a
tournament in Fort Worth that
will be contested without specta-
tors and with one new golfing ritu-
al: Players are directed to sanitize
their hands after every hole while
their caddies wipe down golf bags
with disinfectant.
But of the dozens of safety pro-
cedures enacted for professional
golf’s return, none has vexed the
players more than the coro-
navirus testing they have been re-
quired to undergo.
“Hurt more than I thought it
would, I’m not going to lie,” Jon
Rahm, the tour’s No. 2-ranked
player, said on Tuesday, hours af-
ter he tested negative for the coro-
navirus.
Manhattan
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some fans might be able to attend
games.”
No fans will be allowed to attend
the Florida games, an accommo-
dation to a global outbreak that is
recording more cases than ever
each day — even as dozens of
American states continue the
process of reopening their econo-
mies.
Florida, which delayed impos-
ing statewide coronavirus restric-
tions at the start of the outbreak
and then lifted some before other
states, has seen an upward trend
of cases since June 1.
Garber, like his counterparts in
the N.B.A. and the N.W.S.L. who
have also created single-city for-
mats for the resumption of play, is
banking on a bubblelike atmos-
phere, new hygiene protocols and
regular virus testing to help re-
duce the risk of infection or a new
outbreak of cases.
“The opportunity to have all 26
clubs in a controlled environment
enables us to help protect the
health of our players, coaches and
staff as we return to play,” Garber
said.
Teams will begin arriving in the
Orlando area on June 24, though
those that are holding full-squad
workouts in their home markets
will be allowed to delay their trav-
el. Every club must be in Orlando
by July 1, the league said.
Tournament games will be
played at 9 a.m., 8 p.m. and 10:30
p.m. each day, with the bulk of the
schedule taking place in the
evening.
To address an uneven amount
of teams, Nashville will be moved
to the Eastern Conference for the
remainder of the 2020 season. In
Florida, the Eastern Conference
will have three groups, one with
six teams and two consisting of
four teams each. The Western
Conference will have three
groups, each with four teams.
After 16 days of group stage
matches, the top two teams in
each group and the four best third-
place finishers will advance to the
knockout rounds.
And when Jordan Spieth, the
three-time major championship
winner, was asked what was the
most uncomfortable part of adapt-
ing to golf’s new competitive envi-
ronment, he batted away sugges-
tions that it might be the specta-
tor-free atmosphere or not being
able to high-five someone after a
birdie putt.
“I think the swab test was prob-
ably the most uncomfortable,”
Spieth said, referring to the long
swab that must be inserted deep
into the nasal cavity. “There was
nothing comfortable about it.”
While nothing may be as di-
rectly off-putting as the virus
swab test, there are likely to be a
host of uncommon and anomalous
situations during the four days at
the Charles Schwab Challenge at
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SOCCER
After Appeal, Manchester City Awaits Its Fate
By TARIQ PANJA
Manchester City, the English
Premier League champion, will
find out before the end of July
whether it has successfully ap-
pealed its two-year ban from Eu-
ropean soccer’s elite Champions
League.
The club, which has angrily de-
nied breaking cost-control rules
and vowed to fight any punish-
ment, presented its defense dur-
ing a three-day hearing conducted
by the Court of Arbitration for
Sport that concluded on Wednes-
day. Lawyers representing UEFA,
European soccer’s governing
body, which imposed the ban, de-
fended their decision.
Manchester City, backed by the
billionaire brother of the ruler of
Abu Dhabi, was punished in Feb-
ruary after a lengthy investiga-
tion by UEFA concluded the club
had committed “serious
breaches” of so-called financial
fair play rules, regulations de-
signed to prevent clubs from
spending beyond their means.
TOBY MELVILLE/REUTERS
City reacted to the decision,
which would deny the club as The lavishly financed squad Manchester City celebrating its Premier League title in 2019, above.
Below, the team’s home arena, Etihad Stadium, which awaits the resumption of play this year.
much as $200 million in Champi-
ons League payouts as well as the
chance to claim the title it covets
the most, by charging that the dis-
ciplinary process had been preju-
dicial. It vowed to present “irref-
utable evidence” to C.A.S. that
would clear the team. The uncer-
tainty surrounding the case, and
City’s punishment, has cast doubt
over the future of a sporting
project that turned City from an
also-ran into a serial winner and
one of global soccer’s most power-
ful institutions.
Such is the sensitivity around
the case, though, that little was
made public before the hearing
this week, including the identity of
the three-member panel that
heard the appeal, as is customary.
The arbitration panel heard the
case over video link because of
travel restrictions imposed to re-
strict the spread of the coro-
navirus. In a statement, it said a CARL RECINE/REUTERS
verdict would most likely be an-
nounced by “the first half of July.” ter City earns about $100 million a which has its own spending rules, chester City fans routinely jeer
“At the end of the hearing, both season for participating in the could also be determined by the the Champions League anthem on
parties expressed their satisfac- Champions League, and its exclu- result of City’s appeal. match days, and others have tak-
tion with respect to the conduct of sion — and the loss of those pay- City has been aggressively en to social media decrying what
ments — could make it more diffi- they perceive as unfair treatment
the procedure,” the court said in fighting the allegations of over-
cult to retain staff members and of their team by UEFA, which
an emailed statement. spending since damaging leaks of
players or acquire new ones. internal emails first emerged in they accuse of siding with more
At the heart of the case against
But the case could also have news media reports in 2018. The established elite clubs. The club
City is a claim that it disguised
millions of dollars of direct invest- consequences for parties beyond club has long claimed that it has has espoused similar sentiments.
Manchester City. Clubs in the Pre- acted properly at all times. In No- Days after UEFA announced its
ment by its owner, Sheikh Man-
mier League, which will return to vember, it attempted to short-cir- ban, City’s chief executive, Ferran
sour bin Zayed al-Nahyan, as
action next Wednesday after a cuit the case before a verdict could Soriano, said in an interview on
sponsorship income, with one
document published by the Ger- shutdown because of the coro- be rendered, but C.A.S. rejected the club’s website that “based on
man news weekly Der Spiegel ap- navirus, are competing for places that effort on technical grounds. our experience and our percep-
pearing to show that the team’s in next season’s Champions Two of the three judges involved tion, this seems to be less about
main sponsor, the Abu Dhabi- League; if City is banned, the fifth- in that decision are on the current justice and more about politics.”
based Etihad Airways, paid only a best team will take its place in the three-arbitrator panel. The ban has no effect on this
fraction of an $85 million sponsor- competition. The case has poisoned Man- year’s Champions League, a com-
ship agreement. For UEFA, the stakes are just as chester City’s relationship with petition that City has yet to win
City has denounced the use of high. A Manchester City victory at UEFA. Interactions between club despite of years of lavish spend-
“out-of-context materials pur- C.A.S. would raise serious ques- officials and UEFA’s investigators ing. The team is well placed to
portedly hacked or stolen,” and it tions about the future of the finan- are said to have been testy, a point reach the quarterfinals after de-
continues to contend that the cial fair play regulations, which made clear in the statement an- feating Real Madrid in the away
leaks are part of an “organized were introduced in 2009 as a bid to nouncing the ban: It said the club leg of their two-game round of 16
and clear attempt to damage the stem a culture of ballooning losses had “failed to cooperate in the in- series. UEFA expects the compe-
club’s reputation.” in European club soccer. vestigation.” tition to resume in August, after
The repercussions of the ver- The fate of a separate investiga- The bitterness extends to many the conclusion of the rearranged
dict will be significant; Manches- tion by the Premier League, of the team’s supporters. Man- domestic league schedule.
GOLF
the Colonial Country Club. Jon Rahm worked on chipping
Scores of players rarely Wednesday at the Colonial
touched their clubs for two Country Club. He predicted “a
months after the PGA Tour sus-
variety of scores” this week.
pended its schedule on March 13
because of the pandemic. Golf
may be leisurely to recreational other sports — for just people in
players, but for pros the pause general,” Koepka said. He added,
was viewed as an unexpected va- “There needs to be change, and I
cation from taut competition and want to be part of the solution.”
the grind of lengthy practice days. The tournament is being con-
In the last several weeks, play- tested without fans, which the
ers have picked up their clubs golfers have readily conceded will
again. But friendly matches with be the strangest part of their re-
peers on a comfortable home turn to competition. Rahm won-
course, or formless range ses- dered what players will hear if the
sions, are not the usual prepara- final act of the tournament is a
tion for a PGA Tour event. dramatic 30-foot putt holed to win
“It’s almost impossible to simu- the title.
late being out there on tour,” said “Nothing? Crickets?” Rahm
Dustin Johnson, the No. 5-ranked asked incredulously.
golfer. “It’s going to take a little The tour, meanwhile, has issued
time to adjust. The competition warnings about players and cad-
rust is a lot different when you ha- dies maintaining social distancing
ven’t played.” protocols. Some players have so
Rahm said he took seven weeks far appeared better at keeping the
away from the game, and when he appropriate distance than others.
decided to play again his first goal The frequent testing of players,
was to “not shank the first seven RAYMOND CARLIN III/USA TODAY SPORTS, VIA REUTERS caddies and course volunteers,
balls I hit.” With that experience in which includes daily thermal
mind, and with a chuckle, Rahm to play in the Memorial Tourna- cesco Molinari of Italy and Adam readings, may be playing a role in
predicted “a variety of scores” this ment in Dublin, Ohio, hosted by Scott of Australia. Each is ranked that phenomenon. Kevin Na, the
week. Jack Nicklaus. in the top 31 on the tour. event’s defending champion, ex-
The long layoff has unwittingly But with the 2020 golf schedule This weekend’s tournament will plained: “You’ve got to remember
led to what is probably the strong- upended and revised — the be reflective of recent events be- that all of us tested negative. I
est field in the recent history of the United States Open will be in Sep- sides the pandemic. Tour officials think guys get a little comfort-
event at Colonial, which dates to tember and the Masters in No- plan to honor George Floyd, the able.”
1946. The world’s top five ranked vember — it is reasonable to ex- 46-year-old black man killed in po- Na continued: “I think people
golfers, and 16 of the top 20, will be pect Woods to break with tradition lice custody in Minnesota last need to realize that some mistakes
teeing off on Thursday, although and play relatively soon, perhaps month, and the racial justice will happen. Someone will fist
that group does not include the in next week’s RBC Heritage Clas- movement by keeping open the bump.”
11th-ranked Tiger Woods. sic at Hilton Head, S.C., or at the 8:46 a.m. tee time Thursday. Play- Na, however, said he asked tour
Woods, who has not played on Travelers Championship outside ers around the golf course will officials about the potential for the
at - the tour since mid-February at the Hartford, Conn., from June 25 to pause for a minute of silence. The virus spreading.
Genesis Invitational when he fin- 28. tee time represents the 8 minutes “The answer I got was we hope
ished last among golfers who Besides Woods, there are other and 46 seconds that the former it doesn’t happen, and we don’t
made the cut, has played the Co- prominent golfers missing from Minneapolis police officer Derek think it’s going to happen because
lonial tournament only once, in this week’s field, but most are non- Chauvin knelt on Floyd’s neck. with all the testing that we’re do-
1997, and he typically does not Americans who did not make the Brooks Koepka, the world’s ing and the precautions we’re tak-
play any of the other tour events trip to Texas because of govern- third-ranked golfer, praised the ing,” he said. “But if it does, if it
2225 scheduled in the next four weeks. mental travel guidelines requiring gesture. starts spreading, then they will re-
Based on his usual schedule of a 14-day quarantine. That group “Especially being one of the assess and they’ll most likely start
preferred events, Woods would includes Tommy Fleetwood and first sports back, it’s important to having to have to cancel tourna-
not make his return until mid-July Lee Westwood of England, Fran- set the tone going forward for ments.”
3 FILM
‘Gone With the Wind’ gets
more scrutiny. BY DANIEL VICTOR
3 POP MUSIC
The Grammys tweaks how it
uses ‘urban.’ BY BEN SISARIO
NEWS CRITICISM
La Guardia as a Gallery? Top-Flight
The airport’s Terminal B opens this
weekend with four big art installations.
By HILARIE M. SHEETS
If you want to visit an art gallery in New
York anytime soon, consider a trip to La
Guardia Airport beginning Saturday. That’s
the grand opening of its new Terminal B,
home to four airlines and interlaced with
four sprawling art installations. With three
of the four works accessible without a
boarding pass, Terminal B just may be the
JENNIFER SZALAI CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK
Use of ‘Fascism’
Takes a New Turn
A shift is afoot ON JUNE 2, as police officers across the coun-
as a word try deployed brutal tactics in response to
protests over the killing of George Floyd, a
thought to be former secretary of labor, Robert Reich, an-
alarmist gains nounced that his old vocabulary — crowded
already with harsh words for President
popularity. Trump — was making way for a new addi-
tion.
“I have held off using the f word for three
and a half years, but there is no longer any
honest alternative,” Reich tweeted. “Trump
is a fascist, and he is promoting fascism in
America.”
Reich wasn’t alone. Until last week, the
journalist Masha Gessen was also a skeptic.
Gessen had just published “Surviving Au-
CONTINUED ON PAGE C4
best indoor space for contemporary art —
no appointment needed — that the public is
welcome to visit in Phase 1 of New York’s
reopening.
In the final push to finish construction in
the midst of the pandemic this spring, the
Public Art Fund joined the pantheon of es-
sential services permitted to continue
working on-site by Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo.
That designation attests to a centerpiece of
the design: Art installations knit through-
out the architectural fabric of the building,
which broke ground four years ago and has
crossed the finish line as a glamorous entry
portal for the city’s coming back to life.
AMANDA HESS
Backlash on the Portrayal of ‘Good Cops’
There’s criticism, whether on television or in the street. Even ‘Paw Patrol’ takes some heat.
ELEVATION PICTURES
Chase is on the case in “Paw Patrol,” but
criticism of fictional cops is growing, too.
It’s an unusual moment to be celebrating
the opening of an airport, widely feared as
sites of contagion in the global spreading of
the coronavirus. Even as many states are
lifting restrictions on businesses and social
gatherings, most Americans are expecting
the pandemic to upend summer travel
plans. In a Kaiser poll last month, just 23
percent of its respondents said they would
be likely to fly in the next three months. In a
survey of epidemiologists published on
Monday by The New York Times, 37 per-
cent said they would wait for at least a year
before getting on a plane.
CONTINUED ON PAGE C2
CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK
IT WAS ONLY a matter of time before the pro-
tests came for “Paw Patrol.”
“Paw Patrol” is a children’s cartoon about
a squad of canine helpers. It is basically a
pretense for placing household pets in a va-
riety of cool trucks. The team includes Mar-
shall, a firefighting Dalmatian; Rubble, a
bulldog construction worker; and Chase, a
German shepherd who is also a cop. In the
world of “Paw Patrol,” Chase is drawn to be
a very good boy who barks stuff like “Chase
is on the case!” and “All in a police pup’s
day!” as he rescues kittens in his tricked-
out S.U.V.
But last week, when the show’s official
Twitter account put out a bland call for
“Black voices to be heard,” commenters
5 MUSIC
Sonic seductiveness
from bats in a
haunting new album.
BY GRAYSON HAVER CURRIN
THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 C1
N
PHOTOGRAPHS BY JOHN TAGGART FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
The new permanent
installations at La Guardia’s
Terminal B are by Sarah Sze,
top, and from left below,
Laura Owens, Jeppe Hein
and Sabine Hornig.
came after Chase. “Euthanize the police
dog,” they said. “Defund the paw patrol.”
“All dogs go to heaven, except the class
traitors in the Paw Patrol.”
It’s a joke, but it’s also not. As the protests
against racist police violence enter their
third week, the charges are mounting
against fictional cops, too. Even big-hearted
cartoon police dogs — or maybe especially
big-hearted cartoon police dogs — are on
notice.
The effort to publicize police brutality
also means banishing the good-cop
archetype, which reigns on both television
and in viral videos of the protests them-
selves. “Paw Patrol” seems harmless
enough, and that’s the point: The move-
CONTINUED ON PAGE C6
C2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
La Guardia as a Gallery? Top-Flight
CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
Asked by email if the timing was unfortu-
nate, Governor Cuomo replied with an up-
beat message about the art in a statement to
The New York Times.
“As we open a new La Guardia that will
serve as a front door to New York for count-
less visitors and a frequent pass-through
for native New Yorkers, these four site-spe-
cific works of public art will provide focal
points of beauty that reflect the creativity,
energy, culture and spirit of the Empire
State,” Governor Cuomo said. “Public art is
a key medium to show the world who we are
and to say when you come to New York you
will be amazed and inspired.”
The new building, with a soaring light-
filled arrivals and departures hall for Air
Canada, American Airlines, Southwest Air-
lines and United Airlines, is part of the over-
all $8 billion transformation of the airport
by Governor Cuomo and the Port Authority
of New York and New Jersey. A future phase
includes a glass-enclosed pedestrian bridge
with views of the city. Aircraft will also taxi
beneath it.
The Public Art Fund teamed with
LaGuardia Gateway Partners in 2017 to
commission and integrate an art program
that would project the vitality of the city. An
initial group of 25 artists from 11 countries,
including six people of color, was presented
by the Public Art Fund and winnowed to 12
by a committee comprising board members
of LaGuardia Gateway Partners. Each art-
ist was invited to develop a proposal for one
of several prominent locations.
The chosen four include three women;
two artists are from Europe, two from
America, one of whom identifies as a wom-
an of color. All had to stretch their ways of
working to conceive permanent installa-
tions that could withstand the vast scale
and busy traffic of the terminal — and to ex-
ecute them with the curve ball of the health
crisis that grounded three of the four artists
in Europe.
“After being confined in this pandemic
and all the crises we’re facing as a society,
for New Yorkers especially to see their city
celebrated in this way will make people
proud,” said Nicholas Baume, director and
chief curator of the Public Art Fund. Last
week he led a reporter on a tour through the
$10 million art installations. Here’s a close
look at the works completed under extraor-
dinary circumstances.
Sarah Sze
The New York-based installation artist Sar-
ah Sze, who represented the United States
Top, Sabine Hornig’s “La
Guardia Vistas” creates a
stained-glass-window effect.
Center, the red benches are part
of Jeppe Hein’s “All Your
Wishes.” Above from left: A
detail from “I [pizza emoji]
NY,” by Laura Owens; and
“Shorter Than the Day,” by
Sarah Sze.
‘Public art is a key
medium to show the
world who we are.’
GOV. ANDREW M. CUOMO
at the 2013 Venice Biennale, is known for
constellations of everyday materials. Her
sculpture here titled “Shorter Than the
Day,” after a line in an Emily Dickinson
poem, functions almost like a timekeeper.
She has engineered a vast matrix of metal
rods that cohere into a monumental yet
ethereal globe. Suspended from a central
spot on the ceiling of the departures level, it
descends through a cutaway in the floor and
is visible floating overhead from baggage
claim.
Defining the rim of the sphere at the cen-
ter are more than 900 photographs of the
sky in New York, shot during the day as the
light moved from dawn to dusk. “When you
get on a plane, how do you measure that
feeling of shifting time and place?” Ms. Sze
mused, adding that she was inspired in part
by how the Grand Central Terminal clock
has come to define that landmark.
Ms. Sze was the only artist of the four in
New York when travel restrictions were im-
posed in March, and she worked on-site
with her team through the chaotic early
days of the pandemic. She said the piece,
which weighs five tons, is one of the most
technically complex she’s ever made. “I re-
ally want it to be almost like a mirage,” she
said of the sculpture — intending that it ap-
pear diaphanous and fragile. “It’s always
been really interesting to do public art that
way because it requires so much of the op-
posite.”
Laura Owens
The Los Angeles-based painter Laura Ow-
ens was the subject of a critically acclaimed
2018 survey at the Whitney Museum of
American Art. She is adept at synthesizing
a range of styles, images and techniques in
a single canvas and has put her talents to
the test on the largest interior wall in the
airport.
Working in ceramic tile mosaic for the
first time, Ms. Owens has covered nearly
25,000 square feet with massive, buoyant-
looking white clouds against a tranquil blue
sky. Floating in and around them are 80 im-
ages referencing the history, monuments
and staples of New York, such as the Uni-
sphere in Queens, signs for the Apollo The-
ater and the Stonewall Inn, a MetroCard, a
hot dog, an ice cream truck. Included is a
welcome sign and land acknowledgment in
the Lenape dialects of Unami and Munsee
PHOTOGRAPHS BY JOHN TAGGART FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
as well as English.
Using more than 625,000 tiles hand laid
over nine months, Ms. Owens applied a
painterly approach to her new medium by
shifting the size and direction of the white
tiles for the clouds and setting them in relief
with shadows at their edges. The artist has
been in lockdown in France since March,
working remotely through a volley of pho-
tos and videos with installers, to approve
every placement.
Mr. Baume calls the piece, “I [pizza
emoji] NY,” a love letter to New York. “Be-
cause it’s a skyscape,” he said, “it puts you
in the air and turns a landscape with the
icons we know from physical space into a
kind of wonderful fantasia.”
Sabine Hornig
Sabine Hornig, a Berlin-based artist who
explores space, perspective and memory in
collages of translucent photographs, often
applied to windows, has done her largest ar-
chitectural intervention to date on the glass
facade of the passageway to the parking ga-
rage. Taking the view of Manhattan’s sky-
line from La Guardia Airport as a conceptu-
al departure point, Ms. Hornig shot more
than 1,100 high-resolution photographs of
Manhattan from its rooftops as well as from
the waterfront in Queens. She merged the
images into a stacked composition that cap-
tures the dynamism of the city and plays
with proportion and scale.
Radiant skyscrapers in golden morning
light descend inverted from the top of the
windows running 268 feet long and 42 feet
tall. Up-close views of buildings in van Gogh
twilight rise from the floor. The artist has
punctuated the interlocking cityscape with
20 quotations by and about Fiorello La
Guardia, the airport’s founder and city’s
mayor from 1934 to 1945, including: “The
war to make the world safe for democracy
must not serve as the pretext for the curtail-
ment of the most essential freedoms.”
Titled “La Guardia Vistas,” it becomes a
stained-glass window bathing the floor and
people in its kaleidoscopic wash of color, im-
age and text.
“New York is full of opposing perspec-
tives,” Ms. Hornig said. “The skyline incor-
porates this dream of everyone turning out
the best of themselves, the individuality but
also the togetherness.”
Jeppe Hein
Jeppe Hein, a Danish artist based in Berlin,
has brought his playful interactive sculp-
tures to public spaces around the world. For
“All Your Wishes,” he has created a ser-
endipitous trail through Terminal B’s retail
space. Arriving at the security check-in,
travelers may notice a shiny balloon with a
long ribbon dangling from the ceiling, as
though lost from a child’s hand.
Enter the concourse, and you are greeted
by 70 balloons — actually steel sculptures
— in reflective hues that congregate gre-
gariously across the ceiling and snake
through the passageways, around the
shops and restaurants, by far the biggest
public space the artist has tackled. “When
people see one, they’ll want to see more and
follow them somehow,” Mr. Hein said.
“They’re all connected, like we are.”
For the central court, the artist has also
made three bright red “modified social
benches,” as he calls them, which curve,
loop and twist and are designed to encour-
age communication between strangers.
(For now, at least, in the age of social dis-
tancing, they are likely to see less action.)
Even in hard times, “All Your Wishes” re-
flects the promise of the city, Mr. Hein said.
“New York is a city with all these colors and
energies and wonders, a city of opportuni-
ties.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N C3

‘Gone With the Wind’ Is Pulled Grammys, After Revisions,

HBO Max says the film
needs a ‘discussion of
sponsible.”
HBO Max, which is owned by
AT&T, pulled the film on Tuesday,
its historical context.’ one day after John Ridley, the
screenwriter of “12 Years a Slave,”
wrote an op-ed piece in The Los
By DANIEL VICTOR
Angeles Times calling for its re-
HBO Max has removed from its
moval. Mr. Ridley said he under-
catalog “Gone With the Wind,” the
stood that films were snapshots of
1939 movie long considered a tri-
their moment in history, but that
umph of American cinema but one
“Gone With the Wind” was still
that romanticizes the Civil War-
used to “give cover to those who
era South while glossing over its
falsely claim that clinging to the
racial sins.
iconography of the plantation era
The streaming service pledged
is a matter of ‘heritage, not hate.’ ”
to eventually bring the film back
“It is a film that, when it is not
“with a discussion of its historical
ignoring the horrors of slavery,
context” while denouncing its ra- pauses only to perpetuate some of
cial missteps, a representative the most painful stereotypes of
said in a statement on Tuesday. people of color,” he wrote.
The film won multiple Academy By several measures, the film
Awards, including best picture was one of the most successful in
and best supporting actress for American history. It received
Hattie McDaniel, the first African- eight competitive Academy
American to win an Oscar, and it Awards and remains the highest-
remains among the most celebrat- grossing film ever when adjusting
ed movies in cinematic history. for inflation. In 1998, it placed
But its rose-tinted depiction of the sixth on the American Film Insti-
antebellum South and its blind- tute’s list of greatest films of all
ness to the horrors of slavery have time.
long been criticized, and that scru- There was little criticism of the
large segment of its local popula-
tion.”
Based on a 1936 book by Mar-
garet Mitchell, the film chronicles
the love affair of Scarlett O’Hara,
the daughter of a plantation
owner, and Rhett Butler, a charm-
ing gambler. Critics have long said
that the slaves are depicted as
well treated, content and loyal to
their masters, a trope that
rewrites the reality of how en-
slaved people were forced to live.
Ms. McDaniel won an Oscar for
her performance as Mammy, an
affable slave close to Scarlett
O’Hara.
The nationwide protests of re-
cent weeks have caused other en-
tertainment companies to recon-
sider how their content is viewed
in the current climate. The Para-
mount Network said on Tuesday
that it had removed “Cops,” the
long-running reality show that
glorified police officers, from its
schedule before its 33rd season.
There have also been similar
moves in Britain. On Monday, the
BBC removed episodes of the
comedy series “Little Britain” —
Still Wrestles With ‘Urban’
By BEN SISARIO
As protests over racial injustice continue
to sweep the country, the music industry
has come under renewed scrutiny, includ-
ing from within.
One ongoing issue is the term “urban,”
which has drawn condemnation as a racist
and outdated euphemism for genres like
hip-hop and R&B that predominantly fea-
ture black artists. Some major record com-
panies and broadcasters have already
pledged to drop it.
Now the Grammy Awards have entered
into the fray, by removing the word from
some categories yet adding it to another, as
part of a series of rule changes announced
on Wednesday.
Starting with the 63rd annual ceremony,
planned for January, best urban contempo-
rary album will be called best progressive
R&B album. In a statement, the Recording
Academy, the organization that presents
the Grammys, called this change “a more
accurate definition to describe the merit or
characteristics” of R&B music.
But in the Latin field, “urban” was CHRIS PIZZELLO/INVISION, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS

tiny was renewed this week as
protests over police brutality and
the death of George Floyd contin-
ued to pull the United States into a
wide-ranging conversation about
race.
“ ‘Gone With the Wind’ is a prod-
uct of its time and depicts some of
the ethnic and racial prejudices
that have, unfortunately, been
commonplace in American soci-
ety,” an HBO Max representative
said in a statement. “These racist
depictions were wrong then and
are wrong today, and we felt that
to keep this title up without an ex-
planation and a denouncement of
those depictions would be irre-
Alex Marshall contributed reporting.
Vivien Leigh, left, and Hattie McDaniel in “Gone With the Wind.” Ms. McDaniel won an Oscar for her supporting role.
film when it was released, though
in 1939 an editorial board member
of The Daily Worker, a newspaper
published by the Communist
Party USA, called it “an insidious
glorification of the slave market”
and the Ku Klux Klan.
But the world in which it is
viewed has changed, and with
each decade discomfort has
grown as people revisit its racial
themes and what was omitted. In
2017, the Orpheum theater in
Memphis said it would stop show-
ing the film, as it had done each
year for 34 years, after receiving
complaints from patrons and
other commenters. The president
of the theater said it could not
show a film “that is insensitive to a
which featured one character in dropped from one category yet added to an-
blackface — from its streaming other. Best Latin pop album will now be
service. called Latin pop or urban; the category Lat-
in rock, urban or alternative album has
“Times have changed since ‘Lit-
been shortened to Latin rock or alternative.
tle Britain’ first aired so it is not
The upshot of that change is that reggaeton
currently available on BBC
iPlayer,” a BBC representative albums — still considered “urban” — will
said. The show had already been now compete against top Latin pop hits.
removed from Netflix and was The discrepancy may partly be a result of
also taken off the BritBox stream- awkward timing. As part of the Grammys’
ing service. annual housekeeping process, proposals
“Little Britain,” which was for rule changes were due in March, and the
shown in the early 2000s, was cre- academy’s board approved them a few
ated by David Walliams and Matt weeks ago — well before the music industry
Lucas. Mr. Lucas, who was re- began its most recent steps to address sys-
temic changes, a process that coalesced just
cently named the new host of
a week ago with #BlackoutTuesday.
“The Great British Baking Show,”
has said in interviews that he Still, complaints over the term “urban” —
which dates to 1970s radio formats — have
would not make “Little Britain” to-
day. been simmering for years, with artists and
industry insiders saying it segregates black
artists and executives.
At the most recent Grammys ceremony,
in January, the performer Tyler, the Creator
won best rap album — for the eclectic,
genre-crossing album “Igor,” which con-
tained comparatively little rapping — and
told reporters that he considered the prize a
“backhanded compliment.”
“It sucks that whenever we — and I mean
guys that look like me — do anything that’s
genre-bending or anything,” he said, “they
always put it in a rap or urban category.”
He added: “I don’t like that ‘urban’ word.
It’s just a politically correct way to say the
N-word to me.”
In a statement explaining the changes, an
academy spokeswoman said: “At the time
that this category amendment proposal
was put forth earlier in the year, use of the
word urban when classifying certain genres
in Latin music was widely accepted. How-
ever, we understand that in the current cli-
mate, sentiment might be changing. We are
continuing to follow the conversation and
are committed to making necessary adjust-
ments.”
MGM
Among the other changes announced by
the Grammys:
Tyler, the Creator: Don’t call his work “urban.”
■ The best rap/sung performance category,
which had been known as rap/sung collabo-
ration until 2017, has been renamed once
again, to best melodic rap performance —
an acknowledgment of how many young
hip-hop acts blur the line between rapping
and singing.
■ Eligibility rules for best new artist, one of
the most prestigious categories — and one
where the rules are frequently contested —
have been adjusted. Previously, artists
could be disqualified for having released
more than 30 tracks or three albums in their
career; instead, the Grammys’ screening
committees will now decide whether an art-
ist’s moment of “breakthrough or promi-
nence” came before the current year.
The Grammys also addressed questions
of conflicts of interest in its nominations
committees, the teams of industry experts
that review submissions and finalize the
names on the ballot in many categories.
Grievances about that process have been
bubbling for years, but burst into the open
in January through a legal complaint from
Deborah Dugan, the academy’s ousted
chief executive. She claimed that the acad-
emy allowed people affiliated with eligible
artists to sit on review committees, and that
academy board members skewed ballots
toward artists they are affiliated with.
The academy has denied those charges.
But its latest batch of rule changes includes
a detailed process requiring disclosure of
ties to potential nominees, and disqualify-
ing people from a committee if a conflict is
found.
As part of a pledge to make its awards
and organization more diverse — a process
that began two years ago with the establish-
ment of a task force — the Recording Acad-
emy also recently announced the hiring of
its first chief diversity and inclusion officer,
Valeisha Butterfield Jones, a former Google
executive.

Two Not Touch Crossword Edited by Will Shortz

ANSWERS TO
PREVIOUS PUZZLES PUZZLE BY PETER A. COLLINS
ACROSS 43 About half of a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Something cut regular soccer
by a lapidary field 13 14 15 16

4 Lineup at a truck 44 William and

17 18 19
stop Mary, e.g.
8 Stunned, in a way 46 Flag
20 21 22 23
13 There was 48 Coffers
much of it in 24 25 26 27 28 29
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C4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

NEW YORK TIMES PHOTO ARCHIVE LAURA LEZZA/GETTY IMAGES

Modigliani Research Is Focal Point of a Custody Battle

An art historian is
fighting the
Wildenstein Plattner
Institute over
ownership of an
archive that he
compiled.
Amedeo Modigliani,
above. Marc Restellini,
above right, has spent
much of his adult life
studying the work of
the prolific painter.
By JULIA JACOBS
For more than three decades, Marc Restelli-
ni’s life has been very much about his study
of Amedeo Modigliani, the Italian painter
known for his elongated, slender faces and
figures.
He has organized exhibitions of Modiglia-
ni’s work in spots around the world and in
the 1990s began his own magnum opus: a
catalogue raisonné, or a definitive compen-
dium, of Modigliani’s work.
He has been exhaustive in authenticating
the artist’s work because Modigliani, whose
paintings often sell for millions of dollars,
has been a favorite of forgers. So to docu-
ment their authenticity, Mr. Restellini, a
French art scholar, has worked to persuade
owners to submit their paintings for testing,
sampled the paint, analyzed the works with
infrared photography and magnetic reso-
nance, and sought documents from family
members of Modigliani’s original col-
lectors.
But now, months before the first volumes
of Mr. Restellini’s catalogue raisonné are
expected to be published, he says in a fed-
eral copyright lawsuit filed in Manhattan
this week that he believes a nonprofit orga-
nization in New York, the Wildenstein Plat-
tner Institute, is planning to make some of
his research publicly available.
“The law allows Mr. Restellini, and only
Mr. Restellini, to determine how, when, and
where to disclose the results of his years of
research and his scientific discoveries
about the works of Modigliani,” his lawyer,
Daniel W. Levy, said in a statement.
Mr. Restellini’s lawsuit against the insti-
tute asserts that it is in possession of
roughly 89 boxes and various other contain-
ers of research materials that he had
amassed over the years and that are right-
fully his. The lawsuit accuses the nonprofit
of holding this research “hostage.”
The Wildenstein Plattner Institute, how-
ever, says the records are theirs.
Calling the lawsuit a “publicity stunt,” the
nonprofit organization’s lawyers said in a
statement that the institute’s files regarding
Modigliani “do not belong to Mr. Restellini.”
The statement said the institute is legally
within its right to “share its Modigliani ar-
chives with the public in furtherance of its
charitable mission.”
The research materials are with the insti-
tute because, for about 17 years, according
to the lawsuit, Mr. Restellini’s work was
supported by an older institute, the Wilden-
stein Institute, an art history research cen-
ter based in Paris and operated by the Wild-
enstein family, a French art-dealing dy-
nasty that dates back four generations. Mr.
Restellini used the institute as a work space
and had access to its library and storage fa-
cilities.
In the late 1990s, Daniel Wildenstein,
then the family’s patriarch, had offered to
facilitate Mr. Restellini’s work on the cata-
logue raisonné and to participate in its
eventual publication, the lawsuit said. But
in 2014, after Mr. Wildenstein had been dead
for more than a decade, his son Guy told Mr.
Restellini that the institution would no long-
er facilitate his research, it said.
The lawsuit does not address the reason
for that decision.
In recent years, the lawsuit said, as the
Wildenstein Institute wound down its oper-
ations, it transferred the archives to a new
nonprofit organization, the Wildenstein
Plattner Institute — which is dedicated to
the compilation of catalogues raisonnés.
Lawyers for the Wildenstein Plattner In-
stitute would not elaborate on why they be-
lieve the Wildenstein Institute held clear ti-
tle to the archive.
The Wildenstein Plattner Institute said
this year that it had digitized all of those
gifted archives; Mr. Restellini’s lawsuit
seeks not only to prevent them from pub-
lishing the material but to destroy any dig-
ital copies that they have.
In recent years, a widening circle of
scholars and artists’ foundations have re-
fused to offer opinions on the authenticity of
works of art for fear of being sued by buyers
or sellers unhappy with their conclusions.
The inclusion or exclusion of a work in a cat-
alogue raisonné can have a similar effect on
the value of a work. Mr. Restellini has said
he has been threatened after refusing to au-
thenticate a work.
The authenticity issue is particularly
fraught in the market for Modigliani. Al-
though the artist only lived until 35, he was
prolific and sometimes, to pay his bills, he
gave away and sold paintings and draw-
ings, without documenting their creation or
to whom they had been sold or gifted.
Mr. Restellini’s catalogue raisonné is be-
lieved to be the sixth inventory created of
the artist’s work. The first volumes of it are
expected to be published this winter. It
promises the inclusion of dozens of previ-
ously unidentified Modigliani works and ex-
cludes those that are suspected of not being
entirely composed by the artist.
In seeking to demonstrate the impor-
tance of his undertaking, the lawsuit high-
lights a particular work that Mr. Restellini
contends is an altered Modigliani, but was
sold by an auction house twice as a work
done completely by Modigliani’s hand. Mr.
Restellini’s lawsuit contends the auction
house relied on an earlier, less precise cata-
logue raisonné in making that determina-
tion.

JENNIFER SZALAI CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

The Use of ‘Fascism’ Takes a Turn CLUE OF THE DAY

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
tocracy,” which lists “fascism” among the
Germany in the 1930s.
“The word ‘fascist’ has acquired a feeling
words that get thrown about in the Ameri- of the extreme, like crying wolf,” Stanley
can political conversation without sufficient writes — not because Americans are so un-
precision. The day after the book’s publica- familiar with fascist tactics but because we
tion date, Gessen wrote a short essay for are becoming inured to them. “Normaliza-
The New Yorker commenting on what it tion of fascist ideology, by definition, would
meant when the president — enamored al- make charges of ‘fascism’ seem like an
ready of military parades and masked men
overreaction.” Our senses have been dulled
in combat attire — told governors to crack by exposure. The United States has had a
down on protesters. “Whether or not he is long history of pro- or proto-fascist senti-
capable of grasping the concept,” Gessen ment, including the terrorism of the Ku
wrote, “Trump is performing fascism.” Klux Klan, the America First movement of
It was a notable turn. The word fascism is the interwar years and the Jim Crow laws
so loaded that even some of the president’s that Hitler cited as an inspiration. “Fascism
most vociferous detractors had long been is not a new threat,” Stanley writes, “but
reluctant to use it. rather a permanent temptation.”
Derived from the Italian for “bundle” or Writing in The New York Review of
“group,” fascism was born at the end of Books last month, the historian Samuel
World War I in Italy, adopted by the Nazis in Moyn took issue with Stanley’s book, and
Germany and soon became such a wide- with fascism analogies in general. Moyn’s
spread epithet that George Orwell decided argument, like a recent Op-Ed by Ross
the closest synonym to “this much-abused Douthat in The New York Times, rests on a
word” was “bully.” Ever since Trump be- straightforward premise: If the president
came the Republican Party’s standard- were truly keen to crush democracy and im-
bearer in 2016, the term has been floated pose a dictatorship, then a global pandemic
and then dismissed for being too extreme
and too alarmist, too historically specific or
should have provided him with the ideal op-
portunity. The president, they argue, had
else too rhetorically vague.
Some observers countered that it would
chosen instead to do basically nothing. “It is
surely fodder for some future ironist that,
be reckless to write off the possibility of a after our era of fearing Trump’s actions,”
nationwide slide into fascism, even if, in the Moyn writes, “he appears set in the current
initial years of the Trump presidency, it was pandemic to go down in history for a worse
too early to tell. A number of books pub- sin of inaction.”
lished in 2017 and 2018 essentially told It’s true that the president has so far
Americans to watch out. The ham-fisted slo- shown no interest in the kind of painstak-
gans, the crude racism, the lurid national- ing, collaborative, scientific action that
ism, the venal corruption — all of it could lay would stand a chance of arresting a public
the groundwork for what the historian health crisis. But the observation that he
Timothy Snyder, in “On Tyranny” (which he was squandering a chance to consolidate
followed with “The Road to Unfreedom” a power seemed to assume a particular un-
year later), called “a confused and cynical derstanding of power, more attuned to
sort of fascist oligarchy.” shortages of N95 masks than enthralled by
Even the positive reviews of Snyder’s helicopters and pepper balls. It also played
books exuded a certain discomfort with his down what he did do during the pandemic,
conclusions, finding them so unthinkable such as restrict immigration even further
that they were “surely” exaggerated and and fuel attacks on Asian-Americans by in-
“overwrought.” sisting on the term “Chinese virus.”
But when Jason Stanley, a philosophy Not to mention that the timing for Moyn’s
professor at Yale, published “How Fascism essay was unfortunate; it appeared on May
Works” in 2018, he suggested that not being 19, nearly two weeks before the president
worried enough was itself a worrying sign. was on a call with governors, threatening to
President Trump’s rhetoric was alarming, send in the military if they didn’t “domi-
yes, but his administration was also sepa- nate” protesters who were calling for an
rating migrant children from their parents end to police brutality. That call happened
and placing them in detention centers that to take place on the same day that pro-
were hidden from public view, which Stan- testers were tear-gassed so that the presi-
ley compared to concentration camps in dent could pose in front of a church.
But the critique of fascism analogies runs
Follow Jennifer Szalai on Twitter: @jenszalai. deeper than whatever it is the president
says or does. Moyn suggests that crying
fascism obscures the extent to which Presi-
MEDICAL
ARTHISTORY
dent Trump is a thoroughly American crea-
ture while also exonerating the establish-
ment rot that allowed him to flourish in the
first place. Corey Robin, in an updated edi- ONE OF THE FIRST
tion of his book “The Reactionary Mind,” RECORDED AUTOPSIES
has argued something similar.
WAS PERFORMED ON
Both Robin and Moyn seem animated by
a similar suspicion — that fascist analogies THIS MAN & REVEALED
ultimately serve centrists trying to gin up 23 PUNCTURE MARKS
fear among the left, pushing progressives to
settle for expedient political choices by
overstating the strength of a floundering
right. FOR THE CORRECT
Robin cites a modern classic by the histo- RESPONSE, WATCH
rian Robert O. Paxton, “The Anatomy of JEOPARDY! TONIGHT
Fascism,” to attest that what made the fas- OR LOOK IN THIS
cism of Mussolini and Hitler so potent was SPACE TOMORROW
its youth and its novelty, an advantage for- IN THE TIMES.
saken by a lumbering and nostalgic Presi-
dent Trump. But one of the most striking as-
pects of Paxton’s book, which was published Yesterday’s Response:
in 2004, is how much attention he shines on WHO IS CHARLES
the circumstances that allowed for fas- DARWIN?
cism’s emergence in the early 20th century
and its subsequent rise.
Paxton wasn’t laboring under the same Watch JEOPARDY!
conditions as current writers, who get
drawn into endless debates over whether
7 p.m. on Channel 7
the president is a fascist. Historically, fas-
cist movements hardened into fascist re-
gimes when given the opportunity by enfee-
bled conservative elites trying to cling to
power, who resort to bringing in an outsider
to rile up the base. It was only after the Na-
zis started losing electoral support that
Hitler cut a back-room deal to be appointed
chancellor.
Like a vampire, Hitler had to be invited
into the house.
And maybe it’s telling that Americans
have traditionally been so preoccupied with
a nightmare scenario that has “the coverlet
of European fascism draped over it,” as Ger-
ald Early put it recently in the journal The
Common Reader. Early was reflecting on
the novelist Sinclair Lewis, whose fictional Download the
depiction of Nazism in the United States — New York Times
“with all its brutal and arbitrary violence, Crossword app.
police state surveillance and unrelenting in- nytimes.com/playnow
carceration” — bore more than a passing re-
semblance to the historical reality of Ameri-
can slavery.
Lewis had a “keen awareness of race in
America” and was probably thinking ironi-
cally when he decided to call his 1935 novel
“It Can’t Happen Here,” Early writes. “He
knew, as any aware American must, that it
already had.”
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N C5

A Good Beat, and You Can Eat Bugs to It

Stuart Hyatt, as Field Works,
turns the shrieks and squeaks
of bats into haunting music.
By GRAYSON HAVER CURRIN
On an unseasonably cool evening in late
May, Stuart Hyatt emerged from his home
in Indianapolis holding a small black box.
The moment he stepped outside, the box be-
gan to chatter and click.
“Whoa, can you hear that?” he said, grin-
ning on a FaceTime call. “I have never seen
them fly this low.”
His neighborhood bats had arrived, chas-
ing their nightly meal of insects. And, as
usual, Mr. Hyatt was there to listen and
marvel, the black box allowing the bats’
usually inaudible chatter to be heard, even
through a cellphone.
Bats have lately been enduring yet an-
other image crisis. Believed to be ancient
harbors of coronaviruses, they are report-
edly being killed in India and vilified most
everywhere for the outbreak.
Over the past two years, though, bats
have been Mr. Hyatt’s chief musical inspira-
tion. He has recorded their sounds — so
high in frequency that humans typically
cannot hear them — and made them audi-
ble, then dispatched the material to a team
of improvisers and composers, like Kelly
Moran, who makes prismatic works for pre-
pared piano, and the drowsy-drone master
Jefre Cantu-Ledesma.
“At first, the textures and tones seemed
chaotic,” said one of the contributors,
Matthew Cooper, who records as Eluvium.
“But you find these bits of melody and
rhythm that are so harmonious.”
The result is “Ultrasonic,” Mr. Hyatt’s
eighth album as Field Works. The 14 tracks
evoke the mystery of bats’ nocturnal esca-
pades, the languor of their hibernation and
the existential calamity of the collapse of PHOTOGRAPHS BY ANNA POWELL DENTON

their habitat.
“Bat noises are like bird songs, just in a
register no one can hear,” Mr. Hyatt said. “I
wanted to bring out the musicality in their
voices.”
For Mr. Hyatt, 45, an Indianapolis native,
“Ultrasonic” is the culmination of a lifetime
obsession with sound. His first memory is
the sensation of rising from a swimming
pool and hearing the world on the other side
of the surface. When he was 3, a family
friend suggested a remedy for his hyperac-
tivity: a tiny violin and the discipline of the
Suzuki method.
For the next seven years, the violin was
his balm, redirecting his energy and sharp-
ening his focus. But at 10, just as his teacher
started explaining musical notation, he de-
cided he knew enough.
“Maybe the violin had done its job?” he
said. “I was just done.”
But his enthusiasm for sound wasn’t. He
eventually learned upright bass, keyboard
and drums. The real revelation, though,
came when a friend lent him a four-track re-
corder. He’d capture himself singing the
same melody in different registers, and also
domestic sounds — water rushing from the
faucet, for instance, and the rumble it
caused in the pipes.
Mr. Hyatt soon realized he no longer
cared to hear his own voice; he wanted to
immortalize the objects around him. While
earning degrees in art, architecture and
sculpture, he used assignments as excuses
to document events like a surreptitiously
recorded Scientology ceremony and a 21-
mile walk along a busy Indianapolis high-
way. He spent a summer in a penitentiary,
recording 10 albums of songs by inmates;
“The Clouds” was a compilation of rural
Alabama gospel choirs.
A breakthrough came when Mr. Hyatt
asked some of his favorite musicians to
make new music from these field record-
ings. He used measurements of a Texas
cave to create mesmerizing pedal steel gui-
tar pieces, then asked electronic artists to
remix them. His snippets of the Indiana
State Fair, set to pensive piano and tense
harp, form a striking meditation on immi-
gration reform and community.
“I called it Field Works,” he said, “be-
cause I thought of the street as my field and
the studio as my lab.”
He had never considered animals as
source material before September 2018,
when he escorted his 10-year-old son, Oscar,
and 40 classmates on a field trip to the Great
Smoky Mountains National Park. On their
final night, the group took a guided walk to
see the park’s bats. They toted clunky elec-
tronic devices; as the bats emerged to eat,
the machines translated the inaudible
sounds of their echolocation into audible
electronic signals.
“I had just spent 10 years thinking about
documenting the sounds of our world,” Mr.
Hyatt said. “But when I turned that ma-
chine on and heard those bats, it felt like
voices from an alternate dimension, a paral-
lel universe. The kids gasped. I said, ‘This is
the next project.’ ”
They were hearing the Indiana bat, a
species that has been endangered for half a
century. It emits a complex series of calls
that are sometimes five times higher in fre-
quency than what a human can detect. Bats
use the calls to track bugs, dodge obstacles
and communicate with one another, the
sounds bouncing off the world around them
like sonar.
The species — its members so small they
weigh little more than a quarter — has had a
difficult run. The caves and mines where it
winters have been damaged, destroyed and
turned into tourist attractions. The marshes
and forests it needs for summertime breed-
ing have suffered, too.
A little over a decade ago, scientists
thought increased population numbers
might soon lift the Indiana bat from the en-
dangered species list. But white-nose syn-
drome, a fungal infection, decimated it
again. There are now just over 500,000 of
the bats, stretched over 16 states. Much of
that population remains at risk.
Mr. Hyatt found the bats for his record-
ings roosting 40 minutes south of his home,
near the Indianapolis International Airport,
Above, Stuart Hyatt, left, with Erica Penna and
Nathan Ferreira, recording the high-frequency
sounds of bats for “Ultrasonic.” Left, from left,
Jeremy Radway, Mr. Hyatt and Reed Crawford.
along scrubby wetlands and woodlands de-
signed partly as bat habitats. For three
months last summer, he and a small crew
drove there most nights, attaching micro-
phones to backpacks and flagpoles. They
couldn’t hear the bats, but they could see
the signals the animals made on the equip-
ment screens. Each morning, Mr. Hyatt
would process the files and reveal the
sounds — surprisingly sweet coos, gentle
suckles, tender whistles, jolting snaps. ‘When I turned that
“It was almost like we had played the machine on and heard
sky,” Mr. Hyatt said. “They were the most
amazing things.” those bats, it felt like
For “A Place Both Wonderful and voices from an alternate
Strange,” one of the tracks on “Ultrasonic,” dimension, a parallel
the Los Angeles experimental guitarist No- universe.’
veller pairs surging Wagnerian power with
STUART HYATT,
a gothic throb, as if you’re joining the bats ON RECORDING BATS
for a late-night raid on Gotham City. The
harpist Mary Lattimore plays against a
computerized loop of the bats on “Silver Se-
crets,” suggesting a winsome ballet. And on
“Dusk Tempi,” Eluvium laces violin through
intricate layers of bat calls, stretched and
stacked to conjure the radiant skies of twi-
light.
Mr. Hyatt is already at work on his next
two libraries of sound. He’s nearly finished
with a sprawling album built from a series
of poems in Arabic and English about cedar
trees, read and sung over hypnotic instru-
mentals and accompanied by a comic book.
And he recently began using data and tones
from 280 seismic-activity monitors in
Alaska, meant to map the tectonic plates be-
neath North America. Like the rest of his
life’s work, these projects are attempts to
find meaning by exploring the voices of
other people and things.
“I have a real craving for a deeper con-
nection with our world,” Mr. Hyatt said. “I
approach sound and music with this spiritu-
al longing to feel the whole thing — even if I
don’t know what the whole thing is yet.”

Outcry Prompts Changes at the Poetry Foundation

Critics say the organization’s
antiracism work falls short.
By JENNIFER SCHUESSLER
The Poetry Foundation announced on
Wednesday that its president and board
chairman were resigning, several days af-
ter an open letter signed by more than 1,800
poets and others criticized the foundation’s
recent statement on the Black Lives Matter
movement and called for them to be re-
placed.
The president, Henry Bienen, a former
president of Northwestern University, re-
signed, effective immediately, according to
a statement. The foundation’s board chair-
man, Willard Bunn III, a retired bank exec-
utive, will also be stepping down.
The Chicago-based foundation is one of
the nation’s wealthiest literary organiza-
tions, with an endowment that exceeds
$250 million. The letter, posted online over
the weekend, was issued by 30 poets con-
nected with the foundation, including
Ocean Vuong, Eve L. Ewing and Danez
Smith. It referred to “numerous critiques”
of what it characterized as the foundation’s
failures to support poets from marginalized
communities, and it called on the founda-
tion to “redistribute more of its enormous
resources” to social justice and antiracism
efforts.
The letter was prompted by a brief, four-
sentence statement the foundation issued
on June 3, expressing “solidarity with the
Black community” and declaring faith in
“the strength and power of poetry to uplift
Henry Bienen, president of the
Poetry Foundation, with the
poet Marilyn Nelson last year.
Mr. Bienen stepped down on
Wednesday after more than
1,800 poets and others called
for his resignation.
PETER WYNN THOMPSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS
in times of despair.”
Almost immediately, the statement drew
criticism and ridicule on social media plat-
forms. In the letter, the poets called it
“worse than the bare minimum” and an in-
sult to George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and
other African-Americans whose deaths in
encounters with the police prompted pro-
tests across the country.
“As poets, we recognize a piece of writing
that meets the urgency of its time with the
appropriate fire when we see it — and this is
not it,” the letter said. “Given the stakes,
which equate to no less than genocide
against Black people, the watery vagaries
Poets call on a literary
organization to
‘redistribute more of its
enormous resources’ to
marginalized people.
of this statement are, ultimately, a vio-
lence.”
The letter called for “an official, public re-
sponse” within a week. On Saturday, the
foundation issued a statement by Mr. Bunn,
the board chairman, pledging to “honor that
timing” and offer a detailed plan of action.
The organizers of the open letter, in a
statement issued Wednesday after the res-
ignations were announced, said they were
“glad to hear this momentous news and we
look forward to seeing how the Foundation
responds to our remaining demands in com-
ing days.”
On Wednesday, Sarah Whitcher, a
spokeswoman for the foundation, declined
to comment further on the resignations. On
Tuesday, before the leadership changes
were announced, she confirmed that the
foundation would “continue building a de-
tailed plan of action to be announced.”
Since the protests began, there have been
many statements of solidarity from pre-
dominantly white arts groups, along with
petitions and pointed calls for change from
artists of color in various disciplines, like a
recent online letter signed by more than 300
prominent theater artists calling American
theater “a house of cards built on white fra-
gility and supremacy.”
The letter stands out both because of its
direct riposte and the extent of the de-
mands, which range from the specific (di-
versification of the foundation’s staff, more
support for poets from marginalized
groups) to the sweeping.
“Ultimately, we dream of a world in which
the massive wealth hoarding that underlies
the foundation’s work would be replaced by
the redistribution of every cent to those
whose labor amassed those funds,” the let-
ter declares.
The call for broad reparation also stands
out because of the size of the foundation’s
endowment, which has long been a source
of conflict. In 2002, when Poetry Magazine
received a headline-making gift of more
than $100 million from Ruth Lilly, a great-
granddaughter of the pharmaceutical mag-
nate Eli Lilly, it was a small but respected
journal with a staff of four.
Today, the foundation has a staff of more
than three dozen and annual expenditures
of more than $4 million on prizes, fellow-
ships and public programs like the Chicago
Poetry Block Party. The party, founded with
Ms. Ewing and Nate Marshall (another poet
who spearheaded the letter) in partnership
with the foundation, is an annual event held
in neighborhoods well beyond the city’s
wealthy enclaves. In separate Twitter
posts, both Ms. Ewing and Mr. Marshall
said they would no longer participate.
The foundation has come under fire be-
fore for its spending priorities. In May, a
small publishing house circulated a petition
demanding that the foundation establish a
$5 million emergency fund for poets and po-
etry groups affected by the pandemic.
C6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 K

Hamptons
Galleries
To Open,
Gingerly
Masks will be required,
and there will be limited
staff for some viewings.
By SOPHIE HAIGNEY
While the in-person art world in New
York City remains mostly shuttered
because of the pandemic, some gal-
leries are opening spaces in the
Hamptons.
One of them, Pace, will open a tem-
porary 1,700-square-foot exhibition
space in July in an East Hampton Vil-
lage that it plans to keep open through
Oct. 12. The inaugural exhibition will
feature new drawings by the Japa-
nese artist Yoshitomo Nara. This
month, the auction house Sotheby’s
will open a pop-up gallery, which a
spokesman, Darrell Rocha, said
would allow for “immediate purchase
across both fine art and luxury
goods.” In an email, he said Sotheby’s
recognized “that many of our estab-
lished clients as well as many poten-
tial new clients have been and will
continue to be out East.”
Marc Glimcher, chief executive and KARSTEN MORAN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

president of Pace Gallery, said in an

email, “We saw an opportunity to get
business back on its feet during the
summer by opening in East Hamp-
ton.”
He added, “Above all else, we be-
lieve the opportunity to connect audi-
ences with art in person is an impor-
tant one.”
It will not be entirely business as
usual, however. At Pace, only 12 vis-
itors and two staff members will be
permitted in the space at the same
time. Everyone will be required to
wear masks; hand-sanitizer stations
will be at the door and the front desk;
and the gallery will be cleaned daily.
“Art handling staff who are installing
will fill out a daily health question-
naire, will be required to wear sup-
plied P.P.E. since their jobs don’t allow
for social distancing, and they will
work in small, dedicated teams to re-
duce exposure,” Adriana Elgarresta, a
spokeswoman for Pace Gallery, said
by email.
A more unique distanced gallery is
a project called Alone Gallery, orga-
Philharmonic Cancels Its Fall Season
The lost performances will cost
the orchestra approximately
$9 million in ticket revenue.
By ZACHARY WOOLFE
With the number of coronavirus cases down
sharply in New York, the city began a grad-
ual reopening this week. But in yet another
sign that the full resumption of cultural life
is still far off, the New York Philharmonic
announced on Wednesday that it was can-
celing its fall season.
“We’re in a marathon,” Deborah Borda,
the orchestra’s chief executive, said in an in-
terview, adding: “It is possible we could
lose this entire upcoming season. But we
will do our best to find some way of doing
some kind of performances. There must be
live music for people.”
The decision not to resume performances
before Jan. 6, 2021, at the earliest came the
week after the Metropolitan Opera said it
would not reopen before the end of Decem-
ber. Like the Philharmonic, the Met has
been closed since March, and has fur-
loughed its orchestra, chorus and stage-
hands and some administrative staff, while
continuing to provide them with health
benefits.
But symphonies are smaller operations
than grand opera companies, and the Phil-
harmonic has been able to continue to pay
its musicians. As they have since May, they
will earn about $2,200 per week — 75 per-
cent of the orchestra’s base pay — through
Sept. 21, when their current contract ex-
pires. The musicians and management plan
to meet through the summer to negotiate a
new contract.
The orchestra’s administrative staff,
which over the past months has had pay
cuts but not the widespread furloughs or
layoffs of some other arts institutions, may
well now be a target of cuts.
“Now that we’ve announced the cancella-
tion,” Ms. Borda said, “we can’t sustain in
our current format with the staff.” She antic-
ipates announcing by the end of June a plan
for the organization to survive the closure in
what she called a “pulled-back format,”
though she said she hoped to produce some
form of socially distanced events for small
audiences. (Even smaller-scale perform-
ance, though, will be challenging: Also on
Wednesday, the Chamber Music Society of
Lincoln Center announced the cancellation
The New York Philharmonic
performing in December.
of its own fall season.) “It is possible we could
The cancellation of the Philharmonic’s
fall means the loss of approximately $ mil-
lose this entire upcoming
season,” said Deborah
lion in ticket revenue. That is in addition to a Borda, the orchestra’s
net loss of $7 million to $10 million associ- chief executive.
ated with the cancellation of concerts start-
ing in March. Ms. Borda said that the Phil-
harmonic, unlike some other arts organiza-
tions, did not plan to increase its draw from
its endowment, which at $194 million (as of
the end of May) is considered small relative
to its $87 million budget.
One beneficiary of the grim news could
be the Philharmonic and Lincoln Center’s
long-delayed effort to renovate David Gef-
fen Hall, the orchestra’s home. The project
is expected to cost $550 million, of which
nearly $200 million remains to be raised,
and construction is scheduled to begin in
May 2022. But Ms. Borda said that the or-
chestra was exploring whether it could use
its unexpected absence this fall to start con-
struction early.
“We’re looking to see if we can accelerate
some of the work right away,” she said, “to
move us ahead in our plans.”

AMANDA HESS CRITIC’S NOTEBOOK

A Backlash on the Portrayal of ‘Good Cops’

YOSHITOMO NARA, VIA PACE GALLERY
The Pace Gallery pop-up in the
Hamptons will feature new
drawings by Yoshitomo Nara, like
“Play the Thinker” (2020).
nized by the art dealers Max Levai
and Tripoli Patterson; the collector
Bob Rubin; and the design agency
Bean.la. It will open on Wednesday in
a warehouse in Wainscott, on Long Is-
land, with an exhibition of Alex Katz
paintings.
The gallery experience is designed
for solo visitors — or for up to four
people who are living together. No
staff will be present in the space, and
the gallery will be monitored from
afar via surveillance. Visitors will reg-
ister for a 30-minute time slot online
and will receive a door access code or
can text upon arrival to have the door
remotely unlocked. They will receive
face masks, shoe covers and hand
sanitizer at the door, and the space
will be sanitized daily.
The organizers said they would try
to arrange viewings outside of the
ticketed time slots, too. “We’ll try to be
open 24 hours a day,” Mr. Levai said.
“As terrible as all this has been,
there are things that have come out of
this that are making us question the
norms,” Mr. Levai said. Among those
norms is the experience of viewing art
while surrounded by others. This will
be a rare chance to enter an unstaffed
gallery and spend time alone with a
work of art.
ZEV STARR-TAMBOR VIA TRIPOLI GALLERY
The warehouse in Wainscott, on Long
Island, that will be the site of the Alone
gallery that is intended for solo art
experiences.
CONTINUED FROM PAGE C1
ment rests on understanding that cops do
plenty of harm.
The protests arrived in the midst of a pan-
demic that has alienated Americans from
their social ties, family lives and work-
places. New and intense relationships with
content have filled the gap, and now our
quarantine consumptions are being re-
viewed with an urgently political eye. The
reckoning has come for newspapers, food
magazines, Bravo reality shows and police
procedurals.
Last week, Tom Scharpling, an executive
producer of “Monk,” criticized his own show
on Twitter: “If you — as I have — worked on
a TV show or movie in which police are por-
trayed as lovable goofballs, you have con-
tributed to the larger acceptance that cops
are implicitly the good guys.” Griffin New-
man, an actor who appeared in two
episodes of “Blue Bloods” as a detective, do-
nated his $11,000 in earnings to a bail fund,
inspiring other actors who have played
cops to do the same. LEGO has halted mar-
keting on its “LEGO City Police Station” and
“Police Highway Arrest” sets. A&E has
pulled its reality show “Live PD” from the
schedule. On Tuesday night, “Cops,” the
show that branded suspects as “bad boys”
and spawned the whole genre of crime reali-
ty television, was canceled after 32 seasons.
Cops are not just television stars; they
are television’s biggest stars. Crime shows
are one of TV’s most popular genres, mak-
ing up more than 60 percent of prime-time
dramas on the big four broadcast networks.
The tropes of the genre are so predictable
that a whole workplace sitcom, “Brooklyn
Nine-Nine,” is layered atop them. “A police
station was a shortcut,” Dan Goor, the
show’s co-creator, has said, “because peo-
ple are very aware of how police television
works. You know instantly who the good
guys are and who the bad guys are.”
That shortcut now feels like a cheat: Af-
ter images of a very special episode where
Terry Crews is racially profiled were passed
around as evidence of responsible police
TV, others marked the show as “copa-
ganda.”
Even on television, the good guys are not
always so good. In a recent report, the racial
justice organization Color of Change as-
sessed depictions of the police across televi-
sion and found that modern cop shows
“make heroes out of people who violate our
rights.” Many of them, it argued, show the
good guys committing more violations than
the bad guys, making police misbehavior
feel “relatable, forgivable, acceptable and
ultimately good.”
On television, the hero itself is a concept
under review. Just a few years ago, at the
height of the antihero craze, a prestige
drama could seem a little fluffy if its protag-
onist was not an actual murderer. There is
an artistic justification for humanizing bad
people and complicating good ones. It’s
hard to argue that a show like “Watchmen”
(in which a black policewoman brutally
beats suspected white supremacist terror-
ists) or “Unbelievable” (in which two fe-
male detectives repeatedly collar the wrong
guys) would make for better television if
their star cops acted more like German
shepherd puppies.
After Inkoo Kang, a critic for The Holly-
wood Reporter, described “The Wire” as
painting police violence with a “heroic
gloss,” Wendell Pierce, who played Detec-
tive Bunk Moreland on the show, pushed
back. “How can anyone watch ‘The Wire’
and the dysfunction of the police & the war
on drugs and say that we were depicted as
heroic,” he tweeted. “We demonstrated
moral ambiguities and the pathology that
leads to the abuses.”
The more salient critique of the crime
genre is not how it depicts the police, but
just how obsessively it privileges their am-
biguities and pathologies over all other
players in the criminal justice system —
namely, the people cops target as suspects.
“As TV viewers we are locked inside a police
perspective,” Kathryn VanArendonk wrote
recently on Vulture. Color of Change notes
that defense lawyers, like Perry Mason and
Matlock, “once embodied the character of
the American hero,” defending the Ameri-
can people “against the many police offi-
cers, prosecutors and judges who jumped to
conclusions too quickly and stood as sym-
bols of a deeply flawed system.”
But a sea change led by Dick Wolf’s mam-
moth “Law & Order” franchise has re-
JOHN P. FLEENOR/FOX
An episode of “Brooklyn
Nine-Nine” depicted Terry
Crews’s character, left,
experiencing racial
profiling.
People know how police
television works. You
know right away who
the good guys are and
who the bad guys are.
aligned the crime genre under the perspec-
tive of prosecutors and cops. “Our sympa-
thies have generally been with victims,”
Warren Leight, the showrunner of “Law &
Order: SVU,” said last week on the Holly-
wood Reporter podcast “TV’s Top 5,” in a
conversation about rethinking the show. He
added, “Cops behaving illegally, that’s not
part of Dick’s brand.”
Cops and Hollywood enjoy a symbiotic
relationship, as Alyssa Rosenberg detailed
in a Washington Post series in 2016 on polic-
ing in popular culture. Cops consult on mov-
ies and series, helping mold the characters
to their self-conception, and then they take
cues from those characters in their own po-
lice work. Police officers in Detroit have
been spotted wearing the skull insignia of
the Marvel antihero the Punisher, and
squads in Minnesota have watched Dis-
ney’s “Zootopia” as part of their anti-bias
training. “LAW & ORDER” has become
President Trump’s preferred call-to-arms
as the government dispatches police forces
and National Guard soldiers against the
protesters.
The “good cop” trope is a standard of both
police procedurals and real-life police tac-
tics, and now crowdsourced video of the
protests has given cops a new stage for per-
forming the role. In recent days, supposedly
uplifting images of the police have spread
wildly across the internet, competing for
views with evidence of cops beating, gas-
sing and arresting protesters. In Houston,
an officer consoled a young black girl at a
rally: “We’re here to protect you, OK?” he
told her, enveloping her in a hug. “You can
protest, you can party, you can do whatever
you want. Just don’t break nothing.” In
Nashville, the police tweeted a photo of cops
kneeling next to a black boy with a “Black
Lives Matter” sign, smiling from behind
their riot helmets. And in Atlanta, a line of
National Guard soldiers did the Macarena.
On the final rump shake, a black rifle slung
over one soldier’s back swung to the beat.
These images show cops engaging in a
kind of pantomime of protest, mimicking
the gestures of the demonstrators until
their messages are diluted beyond recogni-
tion. They reframe protests against racist
police violence into a bland, nonspecific
goal of solidarity. These moments are
meant to represent the shared humanity be-
tween officers and protesters, but cops al-
ready rank among the most humanized
groups in America; the same cannot be said
for the black Americans who live in fear of
them. Cops can dance, they can hug, they
can kneel on the ground, but their individual
acts of kindness can no longer obscure the
violence of a system. The good-cop act is
wearing thin.
 THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 N C7

EVENING
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CN Wrld, Gumball We Bare Bears American Dad American Dad American Dad Rick and Morty Bob’s Burgers Bob’s Burgers Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Shivering Truth
CNBC CNBC Special Report: Crisis In Shark Tank Military-inspired jewelry Shark Tank A fire-starting solution. Shark Tank Stylish kids’ clothes; ma- Shark Tank Military-inspired jewelry Shark Tank (PG)
America (N) line. (PG) (PG) ple syrup. (PG) line. (PG) AND WE GO GREEN (2020) Stream on Hulu.
CNN Erin Burnett OutFront (N) Coronavirus: Facts and Fears: A CNN Cuomo Prime Time (N) CNN Tonight with Don Lemon (N) CNN Tonight with Don Lemon (N) Coronavirus: Fast, furious and environmentally responsi-
Global Town Hall (N) (Live) Facts and Fears ble (sort of ), the Formula E racing series
COM The Daily Show South Side “Xbox.” South Side (14) South Side (14) South Side (14) South Side (14)
South Side “Mild South Side “Li- The Daily Show The Office (14) South Park (MA) pits drivers in electric racecars against one
(7:45) (8:10) (8:35) Sauce Meatballs.” tcoin.” (14) (11:45) (12:15)
another in competitions that are intense yet
COOK Best Thing Ate Best Thing Ate Carnival Eats (G) Carnival Eats (G) Carnival Eats (G) Carnival Eats (G) Yum-Yummer Yum-Yummer Best Thing Ate Best Thing Ate Carnival Eats (G)
oddly quiet. This documentary, directed by
CSPAN Public Affairs Events (3:30) Politics and Public Policy Today Politics-Public
Fisher Stevens and Malcolm Venville, looks
CSPAN2 U.S. Senate (N) Public Affairs Events Public Affairs
at the sport — which a racer describes as
CUNY Classic Arts Showcase (G) Science Movies Nueva York Twilight Talks Sound/N.Y. Sherlock Sherlock H. Diversecity (G) Building NY Democracy
Raven’s Home Bunk’d (G) (7:35) Bunk’d (G) Disney Fam Jam Raven’s Home (G) Bunk’d “Lava at Bunk’d (G) Gabby Duran & Bunk’d (G) Disney Fam Jam Just Roll With It
“playing chess at 200 kilometers per hour”
DIS
“Slammed.” (7:05) (G) (8:25) (8:50) First Sight.” (9:40) (10:05) the Unsittables (10:55) (G) (11:20) (G) (12:10) — and some of the dramas that happen on
DIY Pool Kings (G) Pool Kings (G) Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools: Off the Deep End Insane Pools and off the track, including a stressful
DSC Naked and Afraid “Paradise Lost.” Sur- Naked and Afraid: Frozen and Afraid “Surviving The Chill.” (N) (14) Naked and Afraid XL “The Barehand- Naked Castaway “Swimming With Naked and Afraid: situation caused by a crucial piece of tech-
viving on a deserted Fijian island. ed Killer.” (N) (14) Sharks.” (14) Frozen nology failing as a race is about to begin.
E! Total Bellas “Sweat It Out.” (14) Total Bellas “The Proposal.” (14) Total Bellas “Babies on Board.” (N) Total Bellas “Babies on Board.” Nightly Pop (N) Sex and the City (Part 2 of 2) (MA)
That faulty tech isn’t on any of the state-of-
ELREY Chuey-Show El Rey Nation Lucha Underground “Sacrificio.” Lucha Underground (14) Oxalis (2019). Andrew W. Walker, Kelly Pendygraft. Lucha Under
the-art cars, though: It’s a problem with the
ESPN Boxing Jessie Magdaleno vs. Yenifel Vicente. From the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. SportsCenter With Scott Van Pelt SportsCenter
lights that are supposed to signal the start
ESPN2 2020 M.L.B. Draft (5) N.F.L. Live The Last Dance
of the race. The movie “gives less attention
ESPNCL M.L.B. From Oct. 18, 1977. (6) M.L.B. From Oct. 14, 1983. M.L.B. From Oct. 16, 1983. M.L.B.
to Formula E’s innovations — which hope-
FOOD Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Restaurant: Impossible (N) (G) Summer Rush (N) (G) Beat Bobby Flay Beat Bobby Flay Restaurant: Im.
fully will make their way to sedate hatch-
FOXNEWS The Story With Martha MacCallum Tucker Carlson Tonight (N) Hannity (N) The Ingraham Angle (N) Fox News at Night With Shannon Tucker Carlson
(N) Bream (N) Tonight backs within the decade — than it does to
FREEFRM The Blind Side (2009). Wealthy white couple adopts homeless black teen. Curiously devoid of drama. (PG-13) The Bold Type “Leveling Up.” (N) The 700 Club (N) Ghosts-Girlfrnd its generically square-jawed drivers, who
FS1 Cameras Home Game Greatest Games: M.L.B. Game 6. From Oct. 26, 2002. P.B.A. Strike Derby. are personally fueled by the need to prove
FUSE Little Man (2006). (PG-13) (6) Catfish (2010). Documentary. (PG-13) Malcolm, Middle Malcolm, Middle Malcolm, Middle Malcolm, Middle My Wife & Kids they’re good enough for Formula 1,” Amy
FX Blockers (2018). Leslie Mann, Ike Bad Moms (2016). Mila Kunis, Kristen Bell. Three stressed-out moms go Bad Moms (2016). Mila Kunis, Kristen Bell. Three stressed-out moms go Only the Brave Nicholson wrote in her review for The New
Barinholtz. (R) (6) wild. Hangover rewarmed. (R) wild. Hangover rewarmed. (R) (2017). (PG-13) York Times. She called it a “cheery, light-
FXM The Longest Ride Thoroughbreds (2017). Olivia Cooke, Anya Taylor-Joy. Suburban teens warily Thoroughbreds (2017). Olivia Cooke, Anya Taylor-Joy. Suburban teens warily The Longest Ride (2015). Scott East- weight documentary.”
(2015). (4:50) rekindle friendship. Slick peewee nihilism. (R) rekindle friendship. Slick peewee nihilism. (R) (9:25) wood. (PG-13) (11:20)
FXX The Simpsons The Simpsons Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Family Guy (14) Cake (N) (MA) Cake (MA) (10:34) Cake (MA) (11:08) Cake (MA) (11:45)
FYI
GOLF
Top Gear “Continental Divide.” (PG)
Golf Central
Top Gear “Hollywood Cars.” (PG) Top Gear “College Cars.” (PG)
P.G.A. Tour Golf Charles Schwab Challenge, first round.
Top Gear (PG) Top Gear “Taxis.” (PG) (11:01)
P.G.A.
Top Gear (PG)
What’s on TV
GSN America Says America Says America Says Master Minds Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud Family Feud
HALL The Story of Us (2019, TVF). (6) Wedding Bells (2016, TVF). Danica McKellar, Kavan Smith. Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls Golden Girls
HGTV Bargain Mansions (G) Flip or Flop (G) Flip or Flop (N) Design-Door Design-Door House Hunters House Hunters House Hunters Hunters Int’l Design-Door
HIST Mountain Men “Freedom.” Face to Mountain Men “The Harvest.” Kidd Mountain Men “Fire and Ice.” The Alone “Million Dollar Mistake.” Participants must last 100 Mountain Men Mountain Men
face with a black bear. (PG) and Harry race against a storm. (PG) search for trapping grounds. (N) (PG) days. (Season Premiere) (N) (14) (10:03) (PG) (11:34) (PG) (12:03)
HLN Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files Forensic Files
ID Someone You Thought You Knew Evil Lives Here “He Won’t Tell Us Dead Reckoning “Hidden Evil.” (N) A Time to Kill “Footprints in the Snow.” American Monster “Life of the Party.” Dead Reckoning
“High School Homicide.” (14) Why.” (14) (14) (N) (14) (14) “Hidden Evil.”
IFC Two and a Half Two and a Half Two and a Half Two and a Half Two and a Half Two and a Half Two and a Half Two and a Half Two and a Half Two and a Half Two and a Half
Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14) Men (14)
LIFE The King of The King of The King of The King of The King of The King of The King of The King of The King of The King of The King of
Queens (PG) Queens (PG) Queens (PG) Queens (PG) Queens (PG) Queens (9:33) Queens (10:03) Queens (10:33) Queens (11:03) Queens (11:33) Queens (12:01)
LIFEMOV Nanny Nightmare (2017, TVF). Male Mommy Is a Murderer (2020, TVF). Bree Williamson, Heather McComb. My Little Girl Is Gone (2018, TVF). Sarah Lind, Robb Derringer. Mother is told Mommy Is a Mur- GUY D’ALEMA/ABC
nanny starts to get ideas. (6) Woman suspects new friend’s daughter was kidnapped. to break engagement or daughter will be kidnapped. derer
Adam Scott
7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
LOGO Will & Grace Will & Grace “Part- RuPaul’s Drag Race: All Stars “All Star Variety Extravagan- RuPaul’s Drag Race “Secret Celebrity Edition 102.” Alyssa Katya Zamolodchikova: Help Me I’m Dying What it
“Board Games.” ners.” (14) za.” Ten All Stars headline an extravaganza. (14) Edwards and Trinity the Tuck. (14) means to be a woman. (MA) DON’T 9 p.m. on ABC. The comic actor
MLB 2020 M.L.B. Draft (5) 2020 M.L.B. Draft Adam Scott hosts this new over-the-top
MSG MSG 150-Home Rangers Rewind From March 5, 2002. Rangers Rewind MSG 150-Home Knicks Rewind game show. Contestants in the series are
MSGPL Devils Rewind From March 1, 1997. (6:30) Islanders Rewind From May 3, 2013. MSG 150-Home Islanders Rewind From May 7, 2013. put through challenges that revolve around
MSNBC MSNBC Live: Decision 2020 (N) All In With Chris Hayes (N) The Rachel Maddow Show (N) The Last Word The 11th Hour Rachel Maddow not doing things. Some challenges, like
MTV Jersey Shore: Family Vacation Jersey Shore: Family Vacation (N) Double Shot at Love Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness Ridiculousness “don’t blink,” are self-explanatory. Others,
NBCS N.H.L. Stanley Cup Final, Game 4. N.H.L. Game 6. From June 24, 2013. 2013 Chicago Blackhawks Championship like “don’t get tired,” require some elucida-
NGEO Life Below Zero “Go Fish.” (14) Outlaw Bikers “Inside the Outlaws.” Outlaw Bikers “Hells Angels.” (14) Outlaw Bikers (14) (10:03) Outlaw Bikers (14) (11:03) Outlaw Bikers tion. “This challenge isn’t to avoid sleep,”
NICK SpongeBob SpongeBob Dr. Seuss’ the Lorax (2012). Voices of Danny DeVito, Ed Helms. (PG) Friends (14) Friends (14) Friends (14) Friends (14) Friends (14) Scott explains, “but to avoid being hit in the
NICKJR Paw Patrol (Y) Blaze, Monster Bubble Guppies Blue’s Clues Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Peppa Pig (Y) Bubble Guppies Blue’s Clues Peppa Pig (Y) face with a tire.”
NY1 News/Evening Inside City Hall News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News/Evening News All Night News All Night News All Night LARRY KRAMER IN LOVE & ANGER (2015) 4:30
OVA . The Terminator (1984). Linda Hamilton. Ruthless cyborg from future. Fast, vivid sci-fi. (R) . Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992). Gary Oldman, Winona Ryder. (R) Great Ball-Fire p.m. on HBO. Larry Kramer, the writer and
OWN 20/20 on OWN “Bad Blood.” (14) 20/20 on OWN “Lost at Sea.” (14) 20/20 on OWN “Deadly Business.” 20/20 on OWN (14) 20/20 on OWN (14) 20/20 on OWN activist who prodded America to address
OXY Killer Couples “Erika and BJ Sifrit.” Killer Couples (14) Killer Couples (14) Killer Couples (14) Killer Couples (14) Killer Couples the AIDS crisis in the 1980s and ’90s, died
PARMT Two/Half Men Two/Half Men Coming to America (1988). African prince seeks bride. Listless. (R) . Trading Places (1983). Rich man and poor man swap lives. Fast, lavish, likable farce. (10:15) last month at 84. This documentary, di-
SCIENCE Strange Evidence (PG) Strange Evidence (PG) Strange Evidence “Nuclear Demon Mummy.” (Season Premiere) (N) (14) Strange Evidence (PG) Evidence rected by Kramer’s friend Jean Car-
SMITH Inside Mighty Machines (PG) Carriers at War “Air Wing.” (PG) America in Color (PG) Apocalypse: World War Carriers at War “Air Wing.” (PG) America in Color lomusto, looks at Kramer’s life and legacy
SNY Baseball Night Mets Classics From Oct. 15, 2015. Baseball Night Mets Classics From Oct. 15, 2015. through interviews with colleagues and
STZENF Hachi: A Dog’s Tale (2009). (6:29) Hulk (2003). Scientist transforms into powerful brute. Incredibly tedious. (PG-13) (8:04) K-911 (1999). James Belushi. (PG-13) (10:24) Small Soldiers others who knew him — and with Kramer
SUN Law & Order “The Ring.” Ring identi- Law & Order “Hitman.” Hit man guns Law & Order “Asterisk.” A ballplayer’s Law & Order “The Wheel.” Asian girl’s Law & Order “Mother’s Day.” A teen is Law & Order “Cho- himself, who was alive when the film was
fies victim. (14) down husband. (14) chauffeur is killed. (14) smoldering corpse. (14) hit and killed by a vehicle. (14) sen.” (14)
released but is seen primarily in older
SYFY . Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004). Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert . Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2005). Daniel Radcliffe, Rupert Grint. Voldemort lays a trap for Harry at the Triwizard Tourna-
Grint. (PG) (5:59) ment. Ralph Fiennes makes a sublime villain. (PG-13) interviews. In a review for The Times, Mike
TBS The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Big Bang The- The Misery Index Conan (N) (14) The Misery Index Seinfeld “The Hale called the documentary “brisk and
ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) ory (PG) (N) (14) (14) Comeback.” (PG) concise.”
TCM . Gentleman’s Agreement (1947). . The Glenn Miller Story (1954). James Stewart, June Allyson. Band leader’s The Gene Krupa Story (1959). Sal Mineo. The jazz drummer’s ups, downs, Sweet and Low- GABE COHN
Gregory Peck, Dorothy McGuire. (5:45) life. Genial, low-key drama; nice soundtrack. (G) drugs, comeback. Pretty good skimming, solid young Sal. (10:15) down (12:15)
TLC Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoarding: Buried Alive (PG) Hoard-Buried
TNT Bones “Finder.” A security guard’s re- Shooter (2007). Mark Wahlberg, Michael Peña. Wounded sniper plots revenge against those who Eagle Eye (2008). Shia LaBeouf, Michelle Monaghan. Two strangers at mercy
mains are found. (14) betrayed him. Mainly men and guns and things that go boom. (R) of mysterious voice. Hectic and harebrained. (PG-13) ONLINE: TELEVISION LISTINGS
TRAV Ghost Adventures (PG) Ghost Adventures (PG) Ghost Adventures (N) (PG) The Holzer Files “Decrypted.” (N) Ghost Adventures (PG) Ghost Adv. Daily television highlights, recent reviews by
TRU Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers Imp. Jokers
The Times's critics, series recaps and what to
watch recommendations. nytimes.com/tv
TVLAND Andy Griffith Andy Griffith Love-Raymond Everybody Loves Raymond (8:45) Love-Raymond Two/Half Men Two/Half Men King of Queens King of Queens King of Queens
USA Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Chicago P.D. “Life Is Fluid.” Intelligence Chicago P.D. “Natural Born Storyteller.” NCIS “We Build,
“Heartfelt Passages.” (14) “Send in the Clowns.” (14) “Dear Ben.” (14) pursues heroin kingpin. (14) A young boy is found dead. We Fight.” (14)
Definitions of symbols used in Ratings:
VH1 . Barbershop: The Next Cut (5:30) Beautician Beautician Beautician Beautician Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out Wild ’n Out the program listings: (Y) All children
VICE Always Sunny Always Sunny Who Killed Tupac? (Part 5 of 6) Who Killed Tupac? (Part 6 of 6) Shelter in Place Shelter in Place VICE News Mercy-Malice Who-Tupac? ★ Recommended film (Y7) Directed to older children
✩ Recommended series (G) General audience
WE Growing Up Hip Hop “Sit Down, Growing Up Hip Hop “A Treacherous Growing Up Hip Hop “Pop Up, Pop Untold Stories of Hip Hop “Quarantined With Busta Growing Up Hip Hop “Pop Up, Pop ● New or noteworthy program (PG) Parental guidance
Throne Down.” (14) Heart.” Romeo quits the show. Off.” (N) (14) Rhymes & Lil’ Cease.” (N) (14) (10:14) Off.” (14) (11:33) (N) New show or episode suggested
WGN-A How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met How I Met Married . With (CC) Closed-caption (14) Parents strongly cautioned
(HD) High definition (MA) Mature audience only
YES Yankees Classics Braves vs. Yankees. From Oct. 24, 1996. Moments of Yankees Classics Game 4, 1998 World Series.
 C8 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

Weather Report Meteorology by AccuWeather

Vancouver
er
40s Metropolitan Forecast
50s
0ss Regina
gina
Seattle 70s 60s TODAY .......................Heavy thunderstorms Record
W
Winnipeg
eg Q
Quebec
c
50s 50
50s High 80. It will be warm and humid, and a highs
60s S okane
Spokane 60
60s H
Halifax
60s Montrea
Mo eal
al cold front will bring more clouds than TODAY
70ss
7
Portland
ortland Helena
Helen
Bismarck
rck Burlington
B ingt sunshine and showers or heavy thunder-
70ss Far
Fa
Fargo Ottawa 90° S S M T W T F S S M
Eugene Billings Po
Portland storms. Wind at 8 to 16 miles per hour.
90
90s Manchester
M
Ma
Bo
Boise 60s Pierre
Pie Minneapolis
n polis
olis St. Paul
S Toron
To ron
onto Albany
nyy Bos
Boston TONIGHT ............................Clouds breaking
7
70s 80s
80s C
Casper Milwauke
ee B
Buffalo Har
Hartford
a Low 68. Showers and thunderstorms will
Detroit
H Sioux
ou Falls
New York
N move away. Clouds will break, and the sky
Reno 70ss Des Moine
es
e Cleveland Pittsbu
bu
burgh will begin to clear up by midnight.
70s Cheyyyenne
e Chicago Phi
Philadelphia
Salt Lake Omaha
San
an
nFFrancisco
Francis o
City Washi
Washington
ashi TOMORROW ..............Sunshine, less humid 80°
7
70s Indianapoli
a olis Normal
Denver Kansas 7
70s
Fresno
resno 70s Springfield
e Richm
chmond High 84. High pressure moving into the highs
Topeka City
Colorado
do Charleston
C ton
100+ Las
Spring
Springs St. Louis Lo
ouisville
o
N
Norfolk Great Lakes region will bring lower humid-
0ss Vegas
80s
80 egas
70s 90s
0 Wichita L Raleigh
gh ity and sunshine. Afternoon temperatures
90s 70
70s
0s
Santa Fe Nashville
Cha
Charlotte will be about 5 degrees higher than usual.
Los Angeles Oklahom
homa City
hom Me
Memphis
San
San
a Diego Phoenix
Pho
Ph enix Albuquerque
buquerque H Little Rock Columb
bia
SATURDAY .......................Periodic sunshine 70°
Birmingham
m
100+ Lubbock Atlanta
a High pressure will bring sunshine. A
Tucson 80s
Da
allas breeze will keep the coast a little cooler
El Paso Ft. Worth Jackson than inland areas.
90s J
Jacksonville Normal
Baton
at Rouge
uge
80
80s Mo
Mobile 90s SUNDAY lows
Honolulu
olulu
u San Antonio Neww O
Or
Orlando MONDAY ..................Cooler, showers return
H
Hilo Hou
ouston
70s
0
Orleans Tampa
a Moisture will begin to return Sunday and 60°
80s
Monday. Sunday will be cloudy, with
Corpus Christi
C 90ss
80s
Miami showers or thunderstorms. The high will
40s Nassau
50s Monterrey
be 76. There will be a chance of showers
Weather patterns shown as expected at noon today, Eastern time. or thunderstorms again on Monday. The
70s TODAY’S HIGHS
high will be 74.
Fairba
ban
banks Forecast
<0 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 100+ 50° Actual range
60s
Anchorage H L High High Record
Juneau
uneau COLD WARM STATIONARY COMPLEX HIGH LOW MOSTLY SHOWERS T-STORMS RAIN FLURRIES SNOW ICE lows
FRONTS COLD PRESSURE CLOUDY PRECIPITATION Low Low

Highlight: The Weekend Outlook National Forecast Metropolitan Almanac

Drenching showers and gusty thunder- In Central Park for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday.
JET STREAM L storms will move toward and stall along
H the Eastern Seaboard. There may be 1 to Temperature Precipitation (in inches)
3 inches of rain, with local amounts near- Yesterday ............... 0.00
Record
Showers Record .................... 2.07
ing 5 inches over the lower Mid-Atlantic high 96°
(2008) For the last 30 days
and southern Atlantic coasts, which may 90° 84° Actual ..................... 1.79
lead to flooding. 2 p.m. Normal .................... 4.39
Dry and cool air will begin to move in For the last 365 days
Heavy from the Mississippi Valley and lower Actual ................... 44.47
80° Normal Normal .................. 49.90
Thunderstorms Great Lakes to much of the Appalachians. high 78°
Cool air and showers will drop into the LAST 30 DAYS

Upper Midwest. Much of the Plains, Air pressure Humidity

Thunderstorms Rockies and Southwest will be dry. 70° High ........... 30.04 9 a.m. High ............. 66% 4 p.m.
Low ............ 29.95 1 a.m. Low .............. 48% 1 p.m.
Unusually Unusually A pocket of thunderstorms is likely over 70°
warm cool
H the southern Rockies. Heat will build over 9 a.m. Normal
low 62°
Cooling Degree Days
the Southwest after a few days of fall-like 60° TUE. YESTERDAY An index of fuel consumption that tracks how
conditions. Clouds and showers will move far the day’s mean temperature rose above 65
An active jet stream pattern nationwide will bring thunderstorms that could be heavy at inland over the Northwest. Yesterday................................................................... 12
times to the East this weekend. Flash flooding will be a major concern for the eastern Record So far this month........................................................ 70
low 49° So far this season (since January 1) ........................ 114
Carolinas. Conditions will be cooler in the West, as a Pacific storm brings rain to the region. 50°
(1972) Normal to date for the season ................................. 116

4 12 6 12 4
p.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. Trends Temperature Precipitation
Little Rock 78/ 59 0 84/ 61 S 88/ 65 S New Delhi 106/ 85 0.04 103/ 85 PC 104/ 86 PC
Cities Los Angeles 96/ 65 0 90/ 61 S 78/ 59 PC Riyadh 111/ 82 0 112/ 82 PC 112/ 77 PC Average Average
High/low temperatures for the 16 hours ended at 4 Louisville 86/ 64 0.08 82/ 62 S 86/ 63 PC Seoul 88/ 68 0.24 88/ 66 PC 83/ 69 PC Avg. daily departure Avg. daily departure Below Above Below Above
p.m. yesterday, Eastern time, and precipitation (in inches) Memphis 79/ 61 0.19 83/ 63 S 87/ 64 S Shanghai 83/ 76 0.46 88/ 78 PC 92/ 80 T from normal from normal Last 10 days
for the 16 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday. Miami 90/ 77 0.10 87/ 77 T 88/ 77 PC Singapore 90/ 79 0.14 89/ 77 T 88/ 79 T this month ............. +2.8° this year ................ +2.4°
Milwaukee 81/ 58 0.02 80/ 60 W 71/ 50 PC Sydney 64/ 54 0.73 66/ 53 PC 62/ 53 Sh 30 days
Expected conditions for today and tomorrow.
Mpls.-St. Paul 72/ 58 0.12 78/ 57 PC 73/ 52 PC Taipei City 90/ 78 0 90/ 78 Sh 94/ 78 T 90 days
C ........................ Clouds S .............................Sun Nashville 90/ 62 0.09 83/ 61 S 87/ 62 S Tehran 92/ 72 0 95/ 74 PC 98/ 75 PC Reservoir levels (New York City water supply) 365 days
F............................. Fog Sn ....................... Snow New Orleans 92/ 74 0.17 89/ 74 S 89/ 75 S Tokyo 84/ 72 0.06 82/ 75 R 85/ 74 T
H .......................... Haze SS .......... Snow showers Norfolk 90/ 73 0 87/ 71 T 79/ 69 R Yesterday ............... 97% Chart shows how recent temperature and precipitation
Oklahoma City 84/ 56 0 89/ 63 S 91/ 65 S Europe Yesterday Today Tomorrow
I............................... Ice T............ Thunderstorms Est. normal ............. 99% trends compare with those of the last 30 years.
Omaha 76/ 58 0.95 85/ 62 S 87/ 64 S Amsterdam 64/ 48 0 67/ 57 Sh 79/ 61 PC
PC ............. Partly cloudy Tr ......................... Trace Athens 88/ 66 0 83/ 63 S 83/ 65 PC
Orlando 93/ 75 0 90/ 71 T 90/ 72 PC
R ........................... Rain W ........................ Windy Berlin 72/ 52 0 73/ 59 PC 80/ 64 PC
Philadelphia 92/ 74 0 84/ 68 T 85/ 64 S
Sh ................... Showers –............... Not available Brussels 62/ 49 Tr 69/ 55 Sh 77/ 59 C
Phoenix
Pittsburgh
104/
91/
78
63
0
0
108/ 82 S
78/ 55 S
109/
80/
82
54
S
S Budapest 72/ 59 0.41 74/ 57 PC 79/ 61 T
Recreational Forecast
N.Y.C. region Yesterday Today Tomorrow
Portland, Me. 65/ 57 0 72/ 59 T 77/ 58 PC Copenhagen 68/ 52 0 71/ 56 PC 68/ 59 T
New York City 84/ 70 0 80/ 68 T 84/ 64 S Portland, Ore. 76/ 59 0.03 71/ 57 C 64/ 53 C Dublin 57/ 48 0.37 59/ 49 PC 61/ 50 C Sun, Moon and Planets Beach and Ocean Temperatures
Bridgeport 78/ 65 0 75/ 62 T 78/ 62 PC Providence 77/ 65 0 74/ 62 T 81/ 59 PC Edinburgh 55/ 48 0.35 59/ 51 C 59/ 51 PC
Caldwell 89/ 69 0 83/ 62 T 87/ 61 S Raleigh 90/ 74 0 82/ 69 T 81/ 65 R Frankfurt 66/ 55 0.33 70/ 56 Sh 82/ 61 PC Last Quarter New First Quarter Full
Danbury 83/ 62 0 79/ 56 T 82/ 56 PC Reno 86/ 54 0 87/ 58 PC 76/ 45 W Geneva 63/ 51 0.23 70/ 53 T 75/ 55 T Today’s forecast
Islip 78/ 66 0 75/ 63 T 79/ 60 PC Richmond 92/ 73 0 83/ 68 T 84/ 65 C Helsinki 75/ 55 0 74/ 52 PC 70/ 49 PC
Newark 88/ 70 0 83/ 66 T 85/ 64 S Rochester 92/ 68 0 74/ 58 S 75/ 53 PC Istanbul 86/ 68 0 77/ 66 PC 76/ 65 C
Trenton 90/ 67 0 80/ 62 T 84/ 60 S Sacramento 97/ 61 0 94/ 59 PC 77/ 52 PC Kiev 89/ 65 0 91/ 69 PC 89/ 67 PC June 13 June 21 June 28 July 5
White Plains 83/ 65 0 77/ 62 T 82/ 60 S Salt Lake City 79/ 57 0 89/ 65 S 95/ 66 PC Lisbon 70/ 57 0 68/ 57 PC 68/ 56 PC 2:41 a.m. 12:43 a.m.
United States Yesterday Today Tomorrow San Antonio 94/ 67 0 94/ 65 S 94/ 68 S London 60/ 52 0.30 68/ 56 R 69/ 57 T Kennebunkport
San Diego 85/ 63 0 78/ 60 S 71/ 60 PC Madrid 79/ 50 0 77/ 51 PC 70/ 51 S Sun RISE 5:24 a.m. Moon R 12:42 a.m. 70/58 An evening thunderstorm
Albany 90/ 70 0 88/ 60 T 85/ 57 PC Moscow 82/ 63 0.05 85/ 65 S 70/ 53 T
San Francisco 77/ 56 0 73/ 55 PC 69/ 54 PC SET 8:28 p.m. S 11:08 a.m.
Albuquerque 85/ 58 0 90/ 62 T 87/ 64 T Nice 69/ 58 0.14 72/ 62 T 74/ 63 C
San Jose 89/ 59 0 84/ 58 PC 72/ 55 PC NEXT R 5:24 a.m. R 1:11 a.m. Cape Cod
Anchorage 64/ 49 0 62/ 49 PC 63/ 50 S Oslo 70/ 45 0.10 74/ 56 PC 74/ 55 PC
San Juan 90/ 76 0.27 90/ 77 T 90/ 77 C 75/62 A thunderstorm around
Atlanta 84/ 67 0.21 84/ 67 S 85/ 69 S Paris 70/ 50 0 71/ 59 C 66/ 56 T Jupiter S 8:13 a.m. Mars R 1:20 a.m.
Seattle 73/ 57 0.04 68/ 56 C 63/ 51 C
Atlantic City 78/ 71 0 77/ 69 T 77/ 64 PC Prague 61/ 52 0.27 70/ 56 T 77/ 58 PC R 10:43 p.m. S 12:41 p.m.
Sioux Falls 74/ 56 0.21 81/ 58 S 86/ 60 S L.I. North Shore
Austin 93/ 61 0 93/ 64 S 93/ 66 PC Rome 73/ 61 0 72/ 57 T 76/ 60 S
Spokane 71/ 52 0 78/ 58 C 78/ 49 C Saturn S 8:40 a.m. Venus R 4:45 a.m.
Baltimore 94/ 76 0 86/ 66 T 87/ 63 S St. Petersburg 74/ 60 0.10 67/ 53 Sh 69/ 49 S 76/65 A heavy thunderstorm
St. Louis 72/ 59 0.08 84/ 65 S 88/ 64 S R 11:00 p.m. S 7:23 p.m.
Baton Rouge 89/ 65 0.28 87/ 64 S 88/ 66 S Stockholm 68/ 46 0 69/ 50 PC 72/ 48 PC
St. Thomas 88/ 79 0.04 88/ 80 T 88/ 80 Sh
Birmingham 88/ 63 0.04 83/ 64 S 86/ 66 S Vienna 64/ 58 0.88 75/ 54 PC 80/ 59 T L.I. South Shore
Syracuse 91/ 76 0.20 79/ 58 Sh 79/ 53 PC Boating
Boise 82/ 59 0 93/ 64 C 90/ 53 PC Tampa 93/ 79 0 91/ 76 T 92/ 76 PC Warsaw 73/ 57 0.07 79/ 62 T 84/ 65 T 73/67 A heavy thunderstorm 50s
Boston 70/ 60 0 77/ 63 T 79/ 61 PC Toledo 89/ 59 0.42 79/ 56 W 81/ 51 T
North America Yesterday Today Tomorrow From Montauk Point to Sandy Hook, N.J., out to 20
Buffalo 90/ 66 0.19 67/ 58 S 71/ 50 PC Tucson 103/ 69 0 105/ 71 S 104/ 72 S N.J. Shore
Burlington 83/ 70 0 82/ 57 T 80/ 51 PC nautical miles, including Long Island Sound and New York
Tulsa 83/ 59 0 88/ 65 S 90/ 68 S Acapulco 89/ 77 0 86/ 78 C 87/ 79 PC 77/69 A heavy thunderstorm
Casper 74/ 40 0 82/ 46 S 89/ 56 S Harbor.
Virginia Beach 85/ 73 0 83/ 70 T 74/ 63 R Bermuda 73/ 68 0 75/ 69 C 75/ 69 PC
Charlotte 88/ 73 0.04 87/ 68 PC 83/ 65 PC Washington 94/ 77 0 85/ 69 T 87/ 68 S Edmonton 67/ 44 0.02 72/ 53 PC 78/ 55 PC A small craft advisory is warranted for a wind from the Eastern Shore 60s
Chattanooga 86/ 65 0.20 83/ 64 S 86/ 65 S Wichita 80/ 57 0 91/ 67 S 95/ 68 S Guadalajara 89/ 63 0 88/ 63 PC 86/ 57 PC south at 15-30 knots. Wave heights a foot on New York 81/67 Thunderstorms
Chicago 85/ 57 0.06 82/ 60 S 80/ 52 PC Wilmington, Del. 90/ 71 0 82/ 63 T 85/ 62 S Havana 90/ 76 0 88/ 71 T 88/ 73 T Harbor, 1-3 feet on Long Island Sound and 3-6 feet on the
Cincinnati 84/ 63 0.32 79/ 58 S 83/ 60 S Kingston 90/ 77 0 89/ 77 C 88/ 77 T ocean. Shower will reduce visibility. Ocean City Md. 70s
Cleveland 90/ 61 0.24 76/ 57 S 77/ 54 T Africa Yesterday Today Tomorrow Martinique 88/ 76 0.32 90/ 76 PC 89/ 76 PC 77/67 Thunderstorms
Colorado Springs 74/ 48 0 80/ 53 S 84/ 53 T Algiers 81/ 55 0 84/ 62 PC 84/ 60 S Mexico City 83/ 59 0 75/ 56 T 74/ 50 PC High Tides
Columbus 87/ 64 0.50 80/ 58 S 83/ 57 PC Cairo 98/ 72 0 95/ 71 S 96/ 75 PC Monterrey 86/ 74 0.38 88/ 67 T 89/ 63 T Virginia Beach Color bands
Concord, N.H. 73/ 58 0 78/ 55 T 83/ 55 PC Cape Town 62/ 53 0.78 54/ 43 Sh 58/ 44 PC Montreal 80/ 59 Tr 80/ 56 T 71/ 49 PC Atlantic City .................. 12:11 a.m. ............ 12:55 p.m. indicate water
83/70 Thunderstorms
Dallas-Ft. Worth 89/ 67 0 91/ 67 S 93/ 71 PC Dakar 82/ 74 0 85/ 76 PC 84/ 76 PC Nassau 87/ 79 0.18 86/ 78 PC 86/ 77 PC Barnegat Inlet ............... 12:28 a.m. .............. 1:09 p.m. temperature.
Denver 77/ 51 0 83/ 55 S 89/ 59 PC Johannesburg 65/ 41 0 63/ 30 S 50/ 30 S Panama City 81/ 74 0.74 82/ 74 T 85/ 75 T The Battery ..................... 1:12 a.m. .............. 1:56 p.m.
Des Moines 71/ 57 1.44 82/ 59 S 85/ 60 S Nairobi 68/ 57 0.25 75/ 57 R 75/ 59 PC Quebec City 75/ 48 0 81/ 53 T 72/ 44 W Beach Haven .................. 1:57 a.m. .............. 2:38 p.m.
Detroit 87/ 58 0.53 77/ 58 W 76/ 51 T Tunis 79/ 61 0 85/ 68 PC 91/ 68 C Santo Domingo 91/ 73 0.04 89/ 73 T 90/ 75 T Bridgeport ...................... 4:04 a.m. .............. 4:39 p.m.
El Paso 96/ 73 0 92/ 70 PC 96/ 71 PC Toronto 87/ 66 0 75/ 56 PC 71/ 50 T City Island ....................... 4:26 a.m. .............. 5:14 p.m.
It will be humid, with more clouds than
Fargo 74/ 51 0.22 79/ 48 PC 75/ 50 S Asia/Pacific Yesterday Today Tomorrow Vancouver 63/ 53 0.03 65/ 54 C 62/ 51 Sh
Hartford 86/ 67 0 77/ 59 T 85/ 59 PC Baghdad 113/ 80 0 112/ 76 PC 102/ 71 PC Fire Island Lt. .................. 1:25 a.m. .............. 2:06 p.m. sunshine and showers or thunderstorms,
Winnipeg 64/ 50 0 61/ 39 C 64/ 45 PC
Honolulu 88/ 76 0 86/ 74 W 86/ 74 S Bangkok 93/ 79 0.06 92/ 78 C 93/ 79 T Montauk Point ................ 1:47 a.m. .............. 2:27 p.m. especially in the afternoon. The storms
Houston 94/ 68 0.04 92/ 66 S 93/ 69 S Beijing 95/ 67 0.04 91/ 66 C 88/ 67 PC South America Yesterday Today Tomorrow Northport ....................... 4:07 a.m. .............. 4:47 p.m.
Indianapolis 83/ 58 0.05 80/ 59 S 84/ 58 S Damascus 95/ 58 0 92/ 57 W 88/ 57 PC Buenos Aires 63/ 50 0 62/ 54 PC 65/ 44 PC Port Washington ............. 4:12 a.m. .............. 5:10 p.m. may be heavy from Delaware to southern
Jackson 87/ 64 0.04 84/ 61 S 86/ 64 S Hong Kong 90/ 83 0.08 88/ 82 C 89/ 80 PC Caracas 86/ 75 0.20 85/ 74 T 85/ 75 T Sandy Hook .................. 12:39 a.m. .............. 1:20 p.m. Virginia. It will be windy across the north.
Jacksonville 90/ 74 0.04 92/ 72 T 87/ 71 T Jakarta 91/ 78 0 92/ 75 Sh 91/ 76 C Lima 68/ 62 0 68/ 62 S 68/ 62 PC Shinnecock Inlet ........... 12:14 a.m. ............ 12:50 p.m.
Kansas City 74/ 56 0.20 84/ 64 S 87/ 65 S Jerusalem 82/ 58 0 79/ 60 S 79/ 61 S Quito 65/ 47 0.05 69/ 49 R 69/ 50 R Stamford ........................ 4:10 a.m. .............. 4:51 p.m.
Afternoon temperatures will be in the 70s
Key West 89/ 80 0 88/ 80 T 87/ 80 PC Karachi 95/ 84 0 95/ 86 PC 96/ 85 PC Recife 84/ 75 0.30 85/ 75 PC 85/ 75 Sh Tarrytown ....................... 3:01 a.m. .............. 3:45 p.m. north and 80s south. Showers or thun-
Las Vegas 96/ 72 0 103/ 74 S 101/ 70 PC Manila 87/ 81 0.37 88/ 79 T 83/ 80 R Rio de Janeiro 81/ 73 0 86/ 74 PC 83/ 73 PC
Lexington 84/ 61 0.29 78/ 57 S 82/ 59 PC Mumbai 91/ 82 0.19 89/ 80 T 88/ 81 T Santiago 61/ 32 0 59/ 42 PC 53/ 33 R
Willets Point .................... 4:26 a.m. .............. 5:09 p.m. derstorms across the south tomorrow.

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3 SKIN DEEP 2 FASHION REVIEW

Teyana Taylor shares her brow Disappointed with a digital

pencil trick. BY BEE SHAPIRO runway. BY VANESSA FRIEDMAN
6 CROSSFIT CHAOS 4 MEET THE NEIGHBORS

After an outburst, the C.E.O. Influencers and tensions in

resigns. BY KATHERINE ROSMAN Bel Air. BY TAYLOR LORENZ

FASHION BEAUTY NIGHTLIFE THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020 D1

N

Checkout Time Might Be Early

Hotels revived themselves as big, chic gathering spaces. Uh-oh.

JEENAH MOON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

By JACOB BERNSTEIN
There was a time in the not so far-off past when hotels lived
or died by being an out-of-towner’s fantasy: the Plaza, the
Four Seasons, the St. Regis.
Then, as new money poured into real estate in the
mid-1990s, and as Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani cracked down
on dance clubs like the Sound Factory and Tunnel, as food
culture ascended and laptop computers and Startac phones
enabled people to work outside their homes, a new group of
boutique hotels became the new New York’s fantasy of it-
self: ritzy, but not fusty.
Gender-nonconforming sex workers cycled out, star
REBECCA SMEYNE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Top, the once bustling Standard today. Above, the Standard in 2018.
chefs rolled in. Guests at the city’s boutique hotels engaged
in spirited debates about which “Sex and the City” character
they were: Charlotte, Carrie, Samantha or Miranda. Self-
employed, Helmut Lang-clad creative types too good for
Starbucks conducted business in the lobbies. And D.J.s
played in their basement nightclubs.
New Yorkers like to take credit for everything — roller
coasters, pop art, air-conditioning — but this hotel trend re-
ally began in Miami, where, in 1994, Ian Schrager, a former
owner of Studio 54, turned the Delano, a 14-story Art Deco
hotel, into the social hub of South Beach.
Philippe Starck brought the furnishings, David Barton de-
CONTINUED ON PAGE D5

Party Planners Anxiously Await Revelry’s Return

Can the events industry
function in a world
without social functions?
By NINA ROBERTS
As New York City crawls toward reopening,
even as momentous protests fill the streets,
the formal events industry, predicated on
people assembling en masse for merrymak-
ing or shared purpose, remains in the dark.
These splashy affairs of yore — high-
stakes fund-raisers, slick product introduc-
tions, galas, conferences, rollicking celebra-
tions — organized by teams of party profes-
sionals remain suspended.
Pre-pandemic parties may be mere flash-
backs to the average partygoer after shel-
tering in place for more than two months,
but these events were the livelihoods of
florists, caterers, producers, D.J.s, perform-
ers and designers. The absence of social
functions isn’t just a crushing financial blow
for workers in the field; it’s psychic decima-
tion for entrepreneurs who consider their
businesses an extension of themselves.
“We were one of the industries that got hit
the hardest,” said Ingrid Carozzi, 49, the
founder of Tin Can Studios, a floral design
company.
Ms. Carozzi, who now works at home in
the Clinton Hill neighborhood of Brooklyn,
recalls picking up last-minute blossoms at
the flower market in Chelsea on March 12
when she received a cancellation for that
evening’s event. She’d been hired to deco-
rate the Young Fellows Ball at the Frick, a
Gilded Age mansion turned museum she
was planning on adorning with her vibrant
arrangements.
Unlike many party professionals who as-
sumed that Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo’s “shel-
ter in place” order issued in late March
might last a couple of months, Ms. Carozzi,
who errs on the side of pessimism, sensed
functions would cease for at least a year.
“You’re going have to figure something out
really fast,” she recalled telling herself. “You
have to be laser focused.”
Businesses that supply tangible objects
like flowers, food and beverages had a
chance to adapt by offering home delivery to
individual customers.
After Ms. Carozzi’s initial mini-crisis of
being deemed “nonessential” and momen-
tarily questioning whether flowers were just
a luxury, she started a new venture, deliver-
ing boxed flowers, starting for Mother’s Day.
Each Bloom Box, priced at $198, contains 70
stems, currently heavy on peonies and tu-
lips in pinks, for customers to arrange bou-
quets at home. (She has also donated flow-
ers to nurses.)
The only time Ms. Carozzi appears free of
pandemic-induced anxiety, even as she gen-
tly arranges her fluffy peach peonies and
MS. MARKUSON, OF ARS POETICA, SAID.
pink ranunculuses in vases on a rustic wood-
Ingrid Carozzi, a florist trying to make it through the pandemic, said, “We were one of the industries that got hit the hardest.” CONTINUED ON PAGE D4
D2 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
Designer D.I.Y. Todd Snyder
Time to Patch Things Up
By GUY TREBAY
“Staying at home has given me a lot of time to reflect on all the things I
love — my family; my three daughters, Gabi, Cece and 3-month-old Alex-
andra; and my fiancée, Shira Suveyke,” said Todd Snyder, a men’s wear
designer whose torqued all-American classics only look simple to pull off.
It’s a fact not lost on his heritage-label collaborators like Champion and
L. L. Bean, the label that Mr. Snyder managed to coax onto a runway for
the first time in its 108-year history.
With his stores closed and production on hold, Mr. Snyder has focused his unexpected free
time on the kind of domestic stuff that is often neglected when you are running a successful
brand with your name on its label. “Recently I dusted off my old sewing machine,” he said. “It’s
the same one I used in college to make shirts, and I used it to patch some jeans for Shira.”
Your Tool Kit
■ Needle and thread
■ Straight pins
■ An old bandanna or shirt you are ready
to rag
Step 3
Either by hand, using a whipstitch every
quarter of an inch, or with a sewing ma-
chine, sew around the perimeter of the
patch to reinforce it. Don’t worry: the slop-
pier, the better.
Beyond the Instagram Black Square
The fashion industry can do
more than express solidarity
with a movement.
FOR THE LAST TWO WEEKS, ever since the
killing of George Floyd galvanized the
world to confront not only the history of po-
lice brutality against black people but also
our own complicity in allowing it to happen,
the social media feeds of fashion brands and
influencers have filled up with black
squares and statements of solidarity. And
like many, I have been struck by how often
they feel like a dutiful piece of corporate
performance.
And I think about how many other ways
fashion, an industry with a reach and eco-
nomic power that goes far beyond clothes,
could redesign its own approach in this par-
ticularly charged political and social mo-
ment.
I have, for example, been unable to stop
thinking about Kerby Jean-Raymond’s 2016
Pyer Moss spring collection, shown at New
York Fashion Week.
Mr. Jean-Raymond is part of a new wave
of black designers who aren’t waiting for
the establishment seal of approval but are
simply doing it for themselves — and re-
making the status quo in the process. In
New York, Telfar by Telfar Clemens; Heron
Preston; Christopher John Rogers. In Lon-
don, Samuel Ross of A-Cold-Wall and Grace
Wales Bonner. In Milan, Stella Jean. And in
Paris, Kenneth Ize, who is Nigerian, and
Thebe Magugu, from South Africa.
Mr. Jean-Raymond has been experienc-
ing several breakout seasons, in part be-
cause he has fully embraced fashion’s abil-
ity to reshape culture, and he has been us-
ing his shows to highlight overlooked black
contributions to history and “end the era-
sure of minorities and people of color,” as he
once told The New York Times.
In 2015, Mr. Jean-Raymond did a show
that put the Black Lives Matter movement
front and center. It began with a 12-minute
video about racism in America. He invited
the families of victims of police brutality to
sit in his front row and put editors behind
them. Then he sent white work boots
scrawled with names in black marker and
fake blood down his runway; there were tai-
lored jackets and tunics that had been
ripped and rent asunder. The artist Gregory
Siff live-tagged the clothes as they ap-
peared with words like “breathe.”
Step 1
Pick a bandanna or shirt you are ready to
toss and cut a patch slightly larger than
the hole you are looking to repair. “Denim
pairs well with a lot,” Mr. Snyder said. “I
chose a blue paisley bandanna, but you
could have fun with old print boxer shorts.”
Leave at least an extra inch all around to
give you something to stitch onto.
Step 4
Using the same technique as above, stitch
back and forth across the patch in parallel
lines to strengthen it. Remember to knot
the ends of the thread.
Try on your freshly patched jeans and
take a look in the mirror. It’s the only run-
way we’ve got right now.
UNBUTTONED
FROM LEFT: DIMITRIOS KAMBOURIS/GETTY IMAGES FOR BERGDORF GOODMAN; CHARLES PLATIAU/REUTERS; BILLY FARRELL/BFA
It was something.
Mr. Jean-Raymond said it almost sunk his
brand. Retailers dropped him. He got death
threats. Some editors were mad about their
seating demotion. Yet that collection is even
more resonant today. It is also a reminder
that five years ago fashion was faced with its
own failings and did not rise to the occasion.
Today, as then, designers have a voice that
is about much more than Instagram, or es-
capism. Hopefully more of them will use it.
That’s one side of the matter. But not all of it.
ILLUSTRATIONS BY SAMANTHA HAHN
Step 2
Turn the edges of the patch under to
produce an inverted hem and to prevent
fraying. Place a matching piece of fabric
on the inside of the patched area for
reinforcement. Affix the two patches to
the jeans with straight pins to hold them
in place.
VANESSA FRIEDMAN
JOSHUA LOTT/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES; INSET, HEATHER STEN FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Top, Kerby Jean-Raymond
and his statement work boots
from the Pyer Moss 2016
spring collection. Above from
left, Rihanna, Virgil Abloh
and Jide Zeitlin are among
the rare black movers and
shakers in the fashion world.
FASHION REVIEW
In Sea of Turbulence,
A Big Show Goes Adrift
By VANESSA FRIEDMAN
The first big digital fashion show
of the pandemic era — which is to
say, the first big show since real
shows were canceled — was un-
veiled on Monday. It followed a
weekend in which protests
against police brutality and rac-
ism proliferated not just in the
United States, but around the
world. And it came as more cities
and countries gingerly tiptoed
their way toward reopening.
Against this background, per-
haps the Chanel cruise collection
was never going to look particu-
larly good. Originally intended as
the first big traveling show of Vir-
ginie Viard’s tenure as creative di-
rector, and originally scheduled
for May 7 on Capri, the show “did-
n’t happen in the end because of
lockdown,” Ms. Viard said in a
statement. Instead, she said, “we
had to adapt.”
But even allowing for circum-
stances far beyond a brand’s con-
trol, the collection of pieces (vid-
eos, still images, clothes and col-
lection notes) that made up the
show were disappointing on a
number of levels.
And not just because Chanel
teased the event all weekend, with
videos on its Instagram feed that
featured tweeting birds, waving
bougainvillea and crashing waves
(and appeared incongruously just
after three black squares in soli-
darity with #blacklivesmatter).
But because the presentation, and
the clothes themselves, seemed to
ignore entirely the cataclysmic
context in which they would be
worn. It was more like a return to
some of high fashion’s escapist
failings of the past rather than a
meaningful step toward the fu-
ture. So there were gorgeous
scene-setting landscape shots of
rocky tors from some uninhabited
Mediterranean island of the
mind; of foaming surf and white-
washed bell towers; of sunsets,
wildflowers and towering cactus.
There was a lone woman stand-
ing on what looked like a col-
umned terrace framed by an end-
less blue sea or bathed in the fire
opal shades of cocktail hour. Her
hair was blown gently by a wind
machine, her toes scrunching
among surf-smoothed pebbles.
(Behind-the-scenes footage sug-
gested the model was actually in a
studio against a backdrop.)
There were frumpy bouclé suits
and bouclé jackets knotted at the
breastbone over hip-slung skirts
unbuttoned to show a lot of leg,
cropped Chanel tie-dye and LLDs
(little lamé dresses). Also long
lamé dresses. Bikini tops and flat
sandals. Relatively understated
double CC logos. All of it entirely
in line with Ms. Viard’s implicit de-
sire to take the bombast out of the
Modeling has made what seem like genu-
ine strides forward — models of color open
and close shows, the most prestigious slot;
they get major ad campaigns, the most lu-
crative jobs. In early 2015, I wrote an article
looking at how few black designers had
been give the keys to the world’s biggest
brands. This matters because designers
control what we see in the end, and they are
often the only employees allowed to speak
publicly for said brands. Between then and
now, not much has really changed.
brand and lighten it all up.
That aim should have made the
collection feel connected to a
world that has been largely in
working-from-home lockdown,
with its related working-from-
house dress. According to Ms.
Viard’s statement, “not only did
we decide to use fabrics that we al-
ready had” (thus being more sus-
tainable), but many of the looks
were actually transformative. The
skirts could become strapless
dresses, the jackets untied and
worn long or short.
And yet it mostly just seemed ir-
relevant. The video and pictures
could not come close to the experi-
ence that even a livestream of a
show in a specific geographic spot
KARIM SADLI
At ease with the Chanel 2020
cruise collection.
conveys; on their own they felt
like an old fragrance commercial.
Even the absurd, spendthrift sets
of the Karl Lagerfeld era were
more effective at conjuring a
point. Maybe it was too much to
ask Chanel to reimagine the show
experience for a world in turmoil.
But Chanel didn’t have to do it in
the first place. It could have
skipped the season, like many oth-
ers. Or simply sent the pictures to
its stores and retail partners. In-
stead, it chose to stick with its ver-
sion of the show as a public state-
ment of intent and aesthetic.
Shouldn’t one of the benefits of a
digital presentation be its flexibil-
ity, the ability to rethink it (or at
least the news release) according
to public events, even up to the
last minute?
If this is how a fashion house
“adapts” to the changing world —
if these are the clothes that are the
response, if escapism is presented
as an answer, if photos and video
simply attempt to mimic what
once was, as opposed to reframing
what could be, if a statement from
a designer can’t even acknowl-
edge the pain and complications
of her consumers, even the rich
ones — then, pretty as the prod-
ucts may be, it is not doing its job.
Rihanna has her own brand at LVMH.
Virgil Abloh is the Louis Vuitton men’s wear
designer. But while Kering, the second-larg-
est fashion conglomerate in the world and
the owner of Gucci and Saint Laurent, has
made a powerful statement against racism
and made meaningful donations to the
N.A.A.C.P. and Campaign Zero, as well
as starting diversity and inclusion coun-
cils for its brands, none of those brands
have a creative director of color. Tap-
estry — the owner of Coach, Kate Spade
and Stuart Weitzman — is the only fash-
ion group with a black chief executive:
Jide Zeitlin.
Until the executive suite changes, it is
hard not to feel that a lot of the state-
ments and initiatives are still words and
intentions, not reality. And we are left
with suspicions and investigations:
How much of what they say do they ac-
tually put into practice?
One of the problems is that big brands
traditionally allow only two people —
the designer and the chief executive —
to speak about their companies. Per-
haps it is time to unmuzzle the staffs and en-
courage them to share their own lived, indi-
vidual experiences. In its statement, PVH,
the parent company of Calvin Klein and
Tommy Hilfiger, did not just take a stand or
announce a donation (though it did both),
but it also gave space to two black employ-
ees (one from human resources, one from
marketing). It’s a start.
So is a new initiative from the Council of
Fashion Designers of America to create an
employment program that it says is
“specifically charged with placing black tal-
ent in all sectors of the fashion business,” as
well as mentorship and internship pro-
grams.
Fashion likes to control its messaging, to
frame its image and images in the glossiest,
most perfect way possible. But pulling back
the curtain, admitting imperfection and
sharing it, may actually be the best look.
And speaking of looks: Instead of posting
about solidarity, celebrities could really ef-
fect change by wearing clothes by black de-
signers (which they have bought) on the
red carpet (when there is one again) instead
of wearing brands that pay them to be walk-
ing advertisements. The earned media val-
ue in response to the question, “Who are
you wearing?” would most likely be worth a
lot more than any donation.
And not just financially. For all of us.

She Leans Toward the Natural Look
The pandemic isn’t stopping
Teyana Taylor from having
defined brows and lips.
TEYANA TAYLOR, the singer, songwriter and
choreographer, isn’t letting a pandemic
slow down the release of her third studio
album, called simply “The Album,” which is
out this month. Ms. Taylor, 29, isn’t piling on
cosmetics during these difficult times. In-
stead she is taking a more relaxed approach
to beauty. Here, find out how she is doing it.
BEE SHAPIRO
Bedtime Prep
What happens before bed has a big effect on
what happens in the morning. Before bed, I
wash my face with black soap and tea tree
oil, and then, after my face is squeaky clean,
I do a coffee scrub. You can do a regular cof-
fee scrub or one mixed with coconut oil. I do
the scrub maybe two to three times a week.
Either scrub you pick, it leaves a slightly
oily residue that feels really good.
Then I use either 99 or 100 percent aloe
vera gel to tone it down. Sometimes you get
a little redness after the scrub, and this
takes it right away. I let that dry for three to
four minutes, and then I apply my coconut
oil. I also love vitamin E oil or shea butter.
When you sleep, your skin is creating
new cells. I feel like the coconut oil is just
baking into my skin, and when I wake up, it
feels and looks amazing. That’s a good
night’s rest right there.
All of these products are from Whole
Foods, and I’m not partial to any specific
brand. You can go to CVS. I get vitamin E oil
from Walgreens.
I love my skin. I’m not even going to front.
I make my own concoctions by mixing in-
gredients I like all up in one moisturizer. I
learned this from my mom and my aunt —
we’re Trinidadian. My aunt and I used to
make customized shea butter concoctions
when I was younger. This way of looking at
beauty is instilled in me.
We’re in a pandemic. If you run out of
your favorite cream or product, you can al-
ways look around in your cabinets for coco-
nut oil or olive oil and other natural
remedies that are great for your
skin.
The New Zoom Makeup
There are two types of peo- ‘I LOVE M Y S K IN.
ple during this pandemic. I’M N OT EVE N
You have women who re- GO IN G TO F RO N T.’
ally feel like they need to
put on a face full of makeup
to feel cute. I support it. But
for me personally, I’m going to
throw on this wig. I’m not going to
glue it all the way down for this Zoom call,
but it’ll be on.
I always make sure I have on a good brow,
good lip liner and a good lip gloss — they’re
from MAC. I’ve been using MAC since I was
How Emotions Play Out Behind the Masks
By JESSICA BENNETT
For most of my life, I have had a minor but
chronic condition: My face, when it is at
ease, looks not just serious but mean.
There are women who will recognize this
problem, particularly those who — around
this time of the year, as the sun comes out
and more of us are outside — have grown
accustomed to being asked “Why don’t you
smile?” by anonymous people, usually
men, on the street (that, or breathlessly
practicing how we can put more people “at
ease” by softening our facial expressions in
the mirror).
These smile critics are not only on the
street, of course. Sometimes they are on
television, offering advice to female poli-
ticians or female athletes, or politicians,
suggesting that the speaker of the house
might try smiling more, or President
Trump, who appeared to say it to his wife
during a recent photo op.
They have inspired at least one art exhib-
it, “Stop Telling Women to Smile,” by
Tatyana Fazlalizadeh.
But if there were one tiny, very tiny, silver
lining to the reality that masks are a neces-
sary component of our daily lives now, it is
this: smiling on our own terms.
“For the first time ever, the weather get-
ting nicer is *not* correlating with more
men demanding that I smile, so that’s some-
thing. Thanks face mask!” Steph Herold, an
activist and researcher in Queens, tweeted
recently.
Talia Cuddeback, a recruiter in Austin,
Texas, said, “Not having to fake smile or
apologize for coming off a certain way has
been such a weight off my shoulders.”
“Wearing a mask is so liberating I might
hang on to it, even if they do find a Covid-19
cure,” said Clare Mackintosh, an author
who lives in Wales. “I walked past a building
site the other day, and despite my resting
bitch face, no one yelled at me to ‘smile,
love.’ No random men in the supermarket
have suggested I ‘cheer up, it might never
happen,’ and not a single person has sug-
gested I’d look prettier with a grin on my
face.”
In the midst of a pandemic that has
brought to light so many of the festering in-
equities brewing just underneath the sur-
face — and as racial injustice takes rightful
center stage in American activism — femi-
nine facial freedom is a minor victory. But it
is also not nothing.
Studies have found that people are less
likely to find friendly looking faces guilty of
crimes, while people who look “happy” are
generally deemed more trustworthy. There
is all sorts of research about the subtle —
and sometimes not subtle at all — race and
gender biases wrapped into how we view
another’s facial expressions (or, in some
cases, our inability to see them), with peo-
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
a teenager. I was inspired by the ’90s, when
simplicity was power. Less was more. It was
about dope lip glosses, different nudes and
bold reds. You didn’t need a full face of
makeup.
I have a trick with my brows that shows a
little goes a long way. I see all these women
with completely filled in brows. You don’t
need to do so much. You can use technique. I
use a matte brow pencil, and I draw a line on
ple of color often paying the highest price.
In the pandemic, black men have expressed
worry that facial masks would invite racial
profiling by the police.
When it comes to gender, there seems to
be a deeply ingrained association between
femininity and smiling. Studies have found
that smiling babies are more likely to be la-
beled female by onlookers, while men view
serious women as less attractive than those
who look friendly (the opposite of how
women view men).
Women do tend to smile more than men,
across age groups and ethnicities. But it’s
not necessarily because they are happier;
in fact, women suffer higher rates of depres-
sion. Rather, said Marianne LaFrance, a
psychologist at Yale University who studies
gender and nonverbal communication,
women feel the pressure to smile, and they
can be penalized if they don’t.
“Women get completely socialized that
smiling should be the default expression on
their face,” said Dr. LaFrance, the author of
“Why Smile? The Science Behind Facial
Expressions.” “So everyone expects it, in-
cluding women themselves.”
Nancy Henley, a cognitive psychologist,
has theorized that women’s frequent smil-
ing arises from their lower social status in
the world (she has called the smile a “badge
of appeasement”). Others have pointed out
that women are more likely to work in the
customer service sector, where smiling is
an asset.
But smiling has also been found in work
N D3
SKIN DEEP
thin for me, but I like the idea of a good lip
defining the look.
Nails 911
Oh my God, my nails look so bad right now.
They’re so bad, I’m at the point where if I
see my daughter Junie’s kiddie nail polishes
lying around, I just pick them up and use
them. My nails are yellow, green, pink, pur-
ple — all on different nails. I’m going
through a nail struggle!
Simple Hair
In the beginning of the pandemic, I was
throwing on wigs. I was locked in the studio
and didn’t have time to consider what to do
with my hair. Now I’m really big on my Bud-
dha wraps — no wigs, no nothing. I’m just
putting on these fabrics to create these
beautiful African-style wraps. There’s
something very regal about them, and it’s
another way to feel beautiful without resort-
ing to a lot of artificial stuff.
For shampoo and conditioner, I’ve been
using a lot of Carol’s Daughter. And I do love
leave-in conditioner. It could be just a lot of
different oils — back to my coconut oil
again! But honestly, it’s really whatever is
around.
Scent Magic
I’m a fragrance mixer. I’m currently using a
lot of different things. I love Baccarat Rouge
540. I love Tom Ford Oud Wood. I’m a wood
and spice kind of girl, and then I layer in the
Baccarat, which has a little sweetness. By
the time I’ve mixed about four different per-
fumes — and that’s mixing with all the body
oils I have on — I have my own scent.
People often ask: What are you wearing?
I’m very open to sharing my secrets, but it’s
layers here. It’s something I’ve learned as
I’ve gotten older. It’s all about the layers in
how you smell.
Dance It Off
My main form of exercise is dance. I can
dance for hours. Take my latest video, “Bare
Wit Me,” for example. Look at the choreog-
raphy. We practiced that for weeks —
straight dancing, practice, working all parts
of the body. That’s what I am into, and it
works for my body type and toning.
Letting Go With Diet
My diet is all over the place, let me tell you. I
love to eat, but up until Covid-19, I had al-
CARL TIMPONE/BFA
ways been on the go. So now, when I am not
ordering takeout, I try and keep the meals I
the bottom of my brows, and then I use a
cook at home simple. We do big grocery
spoolie and brush the line up into my brows. runs to Costco and BJ’s so we have enough
food to last for weeks. Of course, I stock up
Work Makeup on all the things I shouldn’t, too — noodles,
My videos are a collaboration with every- snacks and all that.
one who works with me. I’m very hands on. When I am cooking, though, I love to
With my makeup artist on “Bare Wit Me,” make pasta. I make this Cajun pasta that
we were going for a ’20s and ’30s makeup hits every time. Otherwise, it’s chicken,
look. That era, there was a lot of power in fried chicken wingettes, add some rice or
the eyes and lips. The eyebrows are a little sides, some veggies, and I keep it moving.
she interviewed said they had found it easi-
er to wear masks because it softened the
stigma of face coverings.
“Suddenly, these women — who are often
received in the West with open hostility for
covering their faces — look a lot more like
everyone else,” she wrote in an article last
month.
Of course, there is purpose to the polite
smile.
“The thing about facial expression is that
it is so much a part of our lives,” Dr.
LaFrance said. “It keeps so much flowing. It
keeps so much lubricated.”
Indeed, suddenly I was at a loss for how to
express my gratitude to my mail carrier —
and gave him an awkward thumbs up. I
couldn’t smile at dogs, or children, or the
protesters marching down my street (I
gave them a raised fist). I stared way too
long at a woman jogging in a sports bra, try-
ing to figure out through her mask if she
NOT HAVING TO was somebody I knew — only to realize I
FAKE SMILE FOR looked like I was leering.
THE SMILE “It creates this kind of weird anonymity,”
CRITIC S CAN BE said Kwolanne Felix, a junior at Columbia
LIBERATING . University who recently wrote about how
street harassers had missed the memo
YVETTA FEDOROVA about Covid-19. “When I’m at the store or
the supermarket, I still try to reaffirm those
working with a smile, but it ends up kind of
settings to be associated with burnout, Dr.
LaFrance said. (Goddess bless the camera- me staring at them awkwardly.”
muting option on videoconferences.) Ms. Felix noted that as a black woman,
she is often put in the position of putting
Fifty years ago, the writer Shulamith
Firestone called for “a smile boycott,” in white people around her at ease with a
which, she wrote in “The Dialectic of Sex,” “warm smile.”
that “all women would instantly abandon Dr. Lynn Jeffers, the president of the
American Society of Plastic Surgeons,
their ‘pleasing’ smiles — henceforth smil-
ing only when something pleased them.” noted that there is still a lot that can be con-
In more recent years, Safeway supermar- veyed through the eyes, voice and brows.
ket workers have said that the company’s “I am definitely aware that I am way
“smile and make eye contact” rule was of- more expressive with my voice when I’m
ten mistaken for flirting, while flight attend- wearing a mask,” said Amy Zhang, a
ants for Cathay Pacific Airlines used the producer in Brooklyn who grew up in Hong
threat of not smiling as part of a negotiation Kong during the SARS era, when masks
tactic for higher pay. In 2016, after com- were commonplace. “But it is a weird thing,
plaints from employees at T Mobile, the U.S. at a time where we’re all going through such
National Labor Relations Board ruled that trauma and grief, to not be able to express a
companies were no longer allowed to re- smile.”
quire employees to be cheerful. Or can we?
But perhaps face masks obviate all of As Dr. LaFrance described it, it is the so-
that. cial, obligatory smile — “the one that wom-
In parts of Asia, masks have long been en do the most,” she said — that tends to be
used for things other than simply blocking focused on the mouth muscles, which are
the passage of germs. easily covered up by medical masks. But a
As Voice of America has reported, masks genuine smile, or what is known in the field
have been used to protect against heavy as the Duchenne smile (named for
pollution and exhaust. Chinese youth have Guillaume Duchenne, the French anato-
worn masks to build a “social firewall” mist who discovered it), involves both the
against being approached by other people, mouth and the eyes.
while Japanese women mask their faces on What is interesting, Dr. LaForce said, is
days when they don’t have time to put on that the facial muscle engaged by a genuine
makeup. smile — the orbicularis oculi — can’t be
Anna Piela, a visiting scholar in religious used on command.
studies and gender at Northwestern Uni- “So will the mask stifle a smile?” she said.
versity, has noted that the Muslim women “No. Not unless it’s a fake one.”
D4 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
From left, Alberto Pierre, a.k.a. Zaxai, a singer; Maria Kent, a performer; and Darren Olarsch, the founder of On the Move Entertainment, which
represents them. Mr. Olarsch said that his business could financially weather the pandemic, but that he was concerned about his artists.
Idled Party Planners Try to Adapt
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
en table, is when she scrolls through her In-
stagram, where customers post images of
their bouquets or when she is organizing
flower installations she’s planning for Black
Lives Matters protests.
Still, the box business produces about 15
to 20 percent of what she typically earned
designing events.
EAT OFFBEAT, a catering company in the
Long Island City neighborhood of Queens,
switched quickly to home delivery in late
March, at a time when the number of coro-
navirus-related deaths were rising at a ter-
rifying rate.
Eat Offbeat typically serves food at
events hosted by institutions like the Ford
Foundation and Columbia University. Their
dishes have origins in countries like Iran,
Afghanistan and Syria, among others, as all
the chefs are resettled refugees.
“Most of us have been through situations
that feel very similar,” said Manal Kahi, 35, a
founder, who is from Lebanon, of the up-
heavals in New York. When all their events
were canceled, Ms. Kahi and her staff of 16
and a few part-time workers decided to in-
troduce boxes of food for home delivery,
rather than shut down Eat Offbeat and re-
ceive unemployment insurance payments.
Employees used their own cars to deliver
boxes, along with a hired driver, and they
have delivered more than 800 boxes so far.
But producers, performers, designers
and others who create immersive, sensory
environments at events, now have limited
ways to earn money. The market has be-
come saturated with online classes,
livestreams, lectures and other virtual ex-
periences, and many of them are free.
On the Move Entertainment is a talent
agency representing musicians and un-
usual performing artists, including aerial
champagne pourers and stilt-walking gei-
shas. Darren Olarsch, the founder, works
out of a storefront office on West 30th Street
in the NoMad neighborhood of Manhattan
and has tried brainstorming ideas with the
five remaining staff members, down from 13
— some furloughed, others laid off.
One suggestion was to expand on an act
they already offered: a ballerina or violinist
performing inside a clear vinyl bubble. “We
were talking about buying more of those,
making an orchestra or band, all of them in
a bubble,” Mr. Olarsch said, which would en-
sure a safe, transmission-proof envi-
ronment for gatherings.
“Then, I kind of vetoed it,” he said, think-
ing it was too dark. “I just can’t help but feel
it just sets the wrong tone.”
He did book a New Orleans brass band, to
play, socially distanced, for a birthday on
the celebrant’s stoop, and a string quartet
played outside for a marriage proposal.
“That’s a pivot, I guess,” he said, with a re-
luctant laugh. “We ain’t getting rich on it!”
Mr. Olarsch said that his business could
financially weather the pandemic, but that
he was concerned about his artists, nearly
of whom are freelancers who often live pay-
check to paycheck. Many haven’t received
unemployment benefits. “They are all sit-
ting home right now and don’t know when
they’re going to be able to get back on stilts,”
he said.
Maria Kent, a dancer and stilt walker,
said she had not received any unemploy-
ment payments after filing her claim on
April 4. After Ms. Kent came out of her ini-
tial “funk” because of not being able to per-
form, she decided to hone her aerial skills in
her backyard for possible socially distanced
entertainment options in the future.
Alberto Pierre, a singer who goes by Za-
Adapting: Lisa Ann Markuson, left, the founder of Ars Poetica; and Khadidja Ata, right, and her mother, Rose Nzapa Ayeke, deliver Eat Offbeat orders.
xai onstage, has received one grant from
MusiCares, a fund created by the Grammys
that offers aid including to those affected by
the coronavirus. He’s been using
livestreams and social media to market
himself. “I keep a positive mind-set,” Mr.
Pierre said. “At the very same time, it’s like,
how long can we sustain this?” He was re-
cently hired by Mr. Olarsch.
Without the possibility of booked events
in the foreseeable future, some business
owners are moving to cheaper cities. Lisa
Ann Markuson, 33, the founder of Ars Poet-
ica, a company that sends poets to parties to
write custom haikus on antique typewrit-
ers, is transitioning to copywriting and edi-
torial projects. Since she can keep the com-
pany active remotely, she moved to Lou-
isville, Ky.
Others are waiting and watching for re-
strictions on cultural institutions and event
spaces to loosen; there are murmurs that
Good times turn
into ‘the edge of
the apocalypse.’
Erica Taylor Haskins, a production company
founder, criticized the aid process.
museums could open in late summer or fall.
Tinsel is a production company that designs
events for the Guggenheim Museum and
the Whitney Museum of American Art,
among other institutions. Erica Taylor
Haskins, 36, one of Tinsel’s three founders,
would typically be working amid hundreds
of party guests, armed with an earpiece,
wire mic, walkie-talkie and phone.
Instead she dealt with client cancella-
tions, postponements, cutting staff mem-
bers and costs, then hiring back half the
staff, all while offering support to another
founder who gave birth at the height of the
epidemic; the third founder is recovering
from Covid-19.
THIS IS TINSEL’S 10th year in business. “It
went from being a banner year,” Ms. Taylor
Haskins said, “to standing on the edge of the
apocalypse.” In a pained tone, she de-
scribed a big contract Tinsel had been nego-
tiating with a media company and a spring
gala for a museum that has been postponed.
Ruminating on the role of her company in
an event-free world, she said: “What’s the
functionality? Is it just to stay afloat? Is it to
stay relevant? Is it just, you know, as a prob-
lem solver for our clients, whether we make
money off of it or not? It’s kind of like a Venn
diagram of all of those things.”
Although a few fall event inquiries are
trickling in, no potential client is ready to
sign a contract, Ms. Taylor Haskins said.
She has recently been speaking on Zoom
PHOTOGRAPHS BY NINA ROBERTS
panels about racism and bias in the events
industry, which is having its own reckoning.
There are few kind words for pandemic-
related federal, state or city aid. Many busi-
ness owners in the events industry applied
for the Small Businesses Administration’s
Payment Protection Program (P.P.P.),
which pays for two or three months of pay-
roll through forgivable loans. The applica-
tion process has been described as a night-
mare, or “hell exercise,” as Ms. Taylor
Haskins put it.
The P.P.P. structure is helpful for compa-
nies that have managed to change their op-
erations, like Eat Offbeat, whose chefs are
actively cooking and delivering food. But
for a majority of event companies, which
can’t offer services at all because of the can-
cellation of events, meeting the P.P.P. re-
quirements that make the funds a grant has
been challenging, and some could be re-
turning the money rather than keeping it
and having to pay it back with interest.
“There is just ambiguity and vagueness
in the rules,” Mr. Olarsch said, “and what I
can say unequivocally is that P.P.P. for the
hospitality industry is useless. It’s horrible.
It’s terrible. It’s ill conceived.” Recent P.P.P.
changes may prove to be helpful to the hos-
pitality industry, Mr. Olarsch wrote in a lat-
er email: “Time will tell, as it only matters if
we get back to doing events.”
Mr. Olarsch, 50, has remained in business
through the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks,
the 2008 financial collapse and Hurricane
Sandy in 2012. Recognizing that the pan-
demic is of an entirely different magnitude,
he still thinks gatherings could resume in
some manner before a vaccine is created
and widely available.
“I think we are months away from a nor-
malcy,” Mr. Olarsch said, but he’s a “glass-
half-full kind of guy.” (Many in this business
are.) He’s hoping for some type of holiday
season.
MS. TAYLOR HASKINS agrees and hopes that
by the fall or winter her company can
produce small gatherings, with health pro-
tocols in place. “Types of events that used to
be one singular 500-person event,” she said,
“maybe it’s a series of 10, 50-person events.”
Ms. Carozzi, the florist, said, “I can’t even
imagine when anyone’s going to start doing
events again.” She said couples had post-
poned weddings until next summer; “one
bride even postponed to 2022.”
But she does have one rescheduled wed-
ding, in October, and inquiries about wed-
dings have trickled in recently. Ms. Carozzi
said that outdoor events with strict laws
about health could possibly resume with
regularity. But, she added, “I don’t know; I
mean, I honestly don’t have an answer.”
Even when individuals, companies and
institutions return to some semblance of
normalcy, it’s unclear whether they’ll have
the discretionary funds to spend on eye-
catching events. After the financial crisis,
Mr. Olarsch recalled, “it was deemed so in-
appropriate by all corporate and even non-
profits to show any kind of extravagance.”
Ms. Markuson, of Ars Poetica, said: “I
think there’s going to be high-end luxury
events that are just much more private and
much less audaciously shared to the public.
People of means are going to want to cele-
brate milestones in their lives.”
But there is no question that even after
over 21,000 coronavirus-related deaths in
New York City thus far, and with political re-
form now a primary concern for many, rev-
elry will return some day, in some form.
“The human psyche needs to share the
joy of celebrating,” Mr. Olarsch said. “No
matter what it’s for.”
The TikTok House
Rattles the Neighbors
The princes of the Bel Air Sway House in Los Angeles: on the car from left,
Griffin Johnson, Bryce Hall, Josh Richards and Quinton Griggs; inside the
car from left, Jaden Hossler and Anthony Reeves.
Social media influencers have annoyed
some residents with their noise and antics.
By TAYLOR LORENZ
When a group of young men
moved into a 7,800-square-foot
mansion on a quiet street in the
Bel Air section of Los Angeles in
late January, their new neighbors
took notice. Some assumed they
were tech entrepreneurs. How
else could they afford the rent?
Soon, the block’s residents be-
gan to observe what one might
call fratlike behavior. The men
and their friends blasted music
until late at night. They received a
steady stream of food deliveries,
unusual in a family neighborhood
where most cook at home. The ga-
rage, which was frequently left
open, was piled high with Amazon
boxes. Trash accumulated on the
sidewalk. A giant TV that had
been destroyed sat outside for
several days.
The neighbors traded stories
and speculated about what was
going on in a blockwide group
chat. Finally, one neighbor con-
fronted them. That’s when the
men identified themselves as
members of the Sway House, a
collective of TikTok and YouTube
influencers.
The group, which has been
called “the One Direction of Tik-
Tok,” is made up of several cre-
ators famous for their party-boy
antics: Bryce Hall, 20; Jaden
Hossler, 19; Josh Richards, 18;
Quinton Griggs, 17; Anthony
Reeves, 18; Kio Cyr, 19; and Grif-
fin Johnson, 21. They are one of
several collab houses that have
cropped up all over Los Angeles in
recent months. But while most of
those groups are tucked away in
secluded areas on the outskirts of
the city, the Sway House is in the
middle of a residential neighbor-
hood and has made life a night-
mare for the people who share the
block.
Amit Runchal, who works in
tech, and Mindy Acevedo, a law
student at U.C.L.A., are temporar-
ily living in the house next door.
Since mid-March, Ms. Acevedo,
31, and Mr. Runchal, 40, have been
working and studying there,
which has been challenging with
all the noise.
“In the morning, we hear paint-
ball guns; I don’t think they
sleep,” Ms. Acevedo said. “There’s
a pool outside. Whenever they’re
hanging out by the pool, the sound
just carries. We can hear them
shouting, ‘Chug, chug, chug.’ I’ve
heard someone throwing up at
night outside.”
The men cruise through the
neighborhood in a beat-up gray
car emblazoned with the house’s
name. Neighbors described how
the quiet street had been trans-
formed into what one said “feels
like Coachella.” This echoes simi-
lar complaints made in 2017
against the West Hollywood party
house of the YouTuber Jake Paul,
but with a new twist: The Sway
House members have repeatedly
ignored social distancing guide-
lines during the coronavirus pan-
demic, even throwing large par-
ties and posting about them on In-
stagram.
This has caused further prob-
lems for their neighbors. One
neighbor said that women had
shown up at her doorstep at least
four times in the middle of the
night after mistaking her home for
that of the Sway House. (The New
York Times agreed to grant her
anonymity so she could speak
freely.) She said she and her hus-
band felt scared and violated.
(Cellphone service on the street is
limited, and several houses don’t
have clear street numbers, so it’s
easy to confuse one address for
another.)
Renee Maltz, 62, has noticed an
uptick in foot traffic in the area
since the social media stars
moved in. “You see the youngest
people in the street, just stand-
ing,” she said. “They stand there
sort of zombielike.” Her husband,
Jeff Charlston, 70, said the house
had become a sort of nightclub on
MICHELLE GROSKOPF FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
occasion. “I’ve seen girls parking
down the street, then walking
down in groups, almost as if they
don’t know if they’re going to get
in,” he said.
Two neighbors say they have
confronted the members of the
Sway House directly about the
chaos. Others have called the po-
lice to file noise complaints. After
Ms. Acevedo texted Mr. Hall on
May 21 to let him know that she
was once again filing a noise com-
plaint with the Los Angeles Police
Department, he chided her by re-
sponding, “Aren’t you the babysit-
ter?”
“I felt very powerless,” Ms.
Acevedo said.
Warren Lentz, the chief execu-
tive of TalentX, who manages the
house’s members and provides
them with the house in exchange
for content, said: “To our knowl-
edge, there have been no formal
noise complaints. We have been in
frequent communication with
both the L.A.P.D. and City Council
to ensure the safety of the neigh-
borhood. In order to follow proper
protocol, we hired security for our
clients and the house.” The owner
of the property did not return a re-
quest for comment.
In interviews, several neigh-
bors said that they wanted to re-
solve things with the Sway House
members directly but were con-
cerned about possible repercus-
sions.
“There’s an undercurrent of
fear and intimidation both from all
the stories in the media about peo-
ple getting doxxed, swatted, har-
assed, especially if you’re a wom-
an, which many of these neigh-
A wild group
moves to a quiet
block. What
could go wrong?
bors are,” Mr. Runchal said. “With
fans and actual people mistakenly
showing up to our houses, there’s
a virtual and a physical threat.”
Members of the Sway House
regularly hang out in an empty lot
across the street from their rental
property. A couch has appeared in
front of the lot. Some neighbors
say they have seen Sway House
members and their guests hang-
ing out there, in some cases smok-
ing. “It’s like they’re testing limits
for the very first time in their life,”
Ms. Maltz said.
Given all that’s going on in the
world, people who live near the
Sway House said they felt bad
when complaining about unneigh-
borly behavior. But those on the
neighborhood group chat were
pleased to learn last Saturday
night that at least two of the
house’s members, Mr. Richards
and Mr. Hossler, would be moving
out and into their own apartment.
Their departure followed a re-
cent road trip across America that
resulted in the arrest of two house
members on drug charges, as well
as some online backlash. (Ad-
dressing the backlash in a Medi-
um post on Sunday, Mr. Richards
wrote: “I would like to apologize
to everyone: my supporters, my
Sway House family, my team, and
my community. I let the fame get
to me; I allowed the L.A. partying
lifestyle to consume me; and I lost
my way for a bit. I forgot why I
was here.”) Residents took it as a
sign that perhaps things would
soon return to some semblance of
normalcy. “Things have quieted
down significantly in the past few
days,” Mr. Charlston said.
Ms. Acevedo, acknowledging
that she too was a “guest” in the
neighborhood, said: “I feel bad
when I’m like, ‘You don’t belong
here.’ But I wish they cared more
about anything other than getting
famous on the internet.”

CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
Checkout Time Might Be Early
CONTINUED FROM PAGE D1
signed the gym, Gianni Versace hung out in
the cabanas in the back.
Mr. Schrager and his competitors
blanched at having their establishments re-
ferred to as “boutique hotels.” The goal was
to create so-called cinematic experiences
aimed less at tourists and more toward lo-
cals or those returned from Paris and Los
Angeles to hatch film deals and complain
about fashion week.
The hotel that really defined the first part
of the era in New York was Andre Balazs’s
Mercer Hotel, which opened on Prince
Street in SoHo in 1997.
On one side of the basement was a restau-
rant run by Jean Georges Vongerichten. On
the other, a nightclub called the SubMercer,
which, because it was small, invitation only
and closed on the early side, managed to op-
erate seemingly unimpeded by the police.
After that came the remixes.
Sixty Soho (2001) ushered in the trend of
rooftop bars. The Gansevoort (2004) at-
tempted to one up Sixty Thompson with an
outdoor pool. The Ace (2009) housed a lux-
ury goods store, Opening Ceremony. The
Standard (2009), a “Mad Men”-style night-
club with panoramic views of New York.
The party traveled to the Upper East Side
with the Mark (2009) and across the river to
Williamsburg with the Wythe (2012).
But now, the beer garden at the Standard
in the meatpacking district is boarded up.
The Ace’s Michelin star restaurant, the
Breslin, isn’t even offering delivery through
UberEats or Door Dash. Harvey Weinstein,
once the mascot of the Mercer, is serving a
23-year prison sentence after being con-
victed of sexual assault and rape. And re-
cently it was announced that the Times
Square Edition, a hotel Mr. Schrager
opened last year in conjunction with Marri-
ott, is closing permanently this summer.
The best hope of saving this whole little
world, according to Izak Senbahar, the pro-
prietor of the Mark?
“A vaccine!” he said in an interview this
week.
Setting the Standard
For a hotel to become a cultural signifier,
great architecture helps. So does hosting
characters.
The Algonquin had Irving Berlin and
Dorothy Parker, the Plaza had Marlene
Dietrich and Eloise.
Perhaps because apartments are made
for marriages while hotels enable affairs,
bad news often adds to the legend, as Sid
Vicious proved in 1978 when the body of his
girlfriend, Nancy Spungen, was found be-
neath the sink of Room 100 at the Chelsea
Hotel on West 23rd Street in Manhattan.
Helmut Newton died in Los Angeles in
2004 when he crashed his car into the wall of
the Chateau Marmont, prompting Karl La-
gerfeld to comment on how fitting it was for
such a delightfully noirish figure of photog-
raphy to die such a delightfully noirish
death.
For the last 30 years, the Chateau has
been operated by Mr. Balazs, whose
restoration of the hotel maintained the
slightly haunted aura of the original and
helped bring the boutique to Los Angeles.
In 1998, Mr. Balazs — who is currently en-
sconced at Locusts on Hudson, a 78-acre es-
tate and farm he owns in Staatsburg, N.Y.,
and declined to comment for this article —
opened the Mercer, a New York creation
that, much like Madonna, can be seen as
representing either the end of its beginning
or the beginning of its end.
Mr. Balazs got into hospitality after dab-
bling in the club scene.
He is the son of a Hungarian research
professor at Harvard University; his ex-
wife is the modeling world scion Katie Ford.
Mr. Balazs early on invested in M.K., which
opened in 1988 and had a brief run as a rare
A-list New York disco with a kitchen and
restaurant.
The fact that Mr. Balazs is movie-star
handsome and, after divorcing Ms. Ford,
went on to date Uma Thurman, Courtney
Love and Chelsea Handler, probably wasn’t
incidental to the aura he acquired. (One that
took on a different cast in 2017 after four
women accused Mr. Balazs of groping them.
He did not respond publicly.)
Haughtiness was built into the Mercer’s
sales pitch.
THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
“I always found that lobby to be slightly
predatory, actually,” the writer Jon Robin
Baitz said. “It had a calculated cool to it, and
it implicated you, that merely by sitting
there, you were signifying membership in a
class of creative vagabonds and flaneurs
who wore the same neutral clothing and
had the same slightly oud mixed with citrus
scent. The books on those shelves were not
meant to be experienced as anything other
than props.”
In 2005, Russell Crowe was arrested at
the hotel after hurling a phone at a
concierge who’d failed to help him place a
call to his wife, Danielle Spencer, in Austral-
ia. He was charged with felony assault and
pleaded guilty, although not before his pub-
licist blamed a “faulty phone” in his room
and a “clerk on duty” who gave him nothing
but “attitude.”
IKE EDEANI FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Perhaps besides the point; perhaps also
true.
In 2009, Mr. Balazs opened the Standard,
an 18-story block of industrial design where
the rooms were best known for the nonre-
flective windows, which showed everything
that went on inside.
During the last days of construction, the
hotel placed ads online inviting people to
come for preview stays. “We’ll put up with
your banging if you’ll put up with ours,” the
ads said.
To gain access to the Boom Boom Room,
the party space on the 18th floor, one had to
have a membership, appear on a guest list
or gain the approval of a discerning door
guy named Joey Jalleo.
“The fact that Boom had a secret V.I.P.
bathroom with two toilets side by side, sans
stalls, sort of says it all,” said Christopher
Tennant, a former editor at Vanity Fair and
the author of “The Filthy Rich Handbook.”
In 2014, Solange Knowles attacked her
brother-in-law Jay-Z in an elevator while on
the way up to the Boom Boom Room for a
post-Met Ball party.
No one ever admitted to leaking the
black-and-white security cam footage of the
fracas. Representatives for the hotel pro-
fessed to be “shocked” it landed in the
hands of reporters. But it definitely didn’t
hurt business.
‘On a Different Level’
Like Mr. Balazs and Mr. Schrager, Sean
MacPherson is known for having trendy ho-
tels and fashion world friends. He also
started in night life, with a series of success-
ful bars in Los Angeles.
A longtime surfer with stringy blond hair
that leaves him looking like a male version
of the musician Kim Gordon, Mr. MacPher-
son brought to the boutique hotel business a
homey, manicured dishevelment. His pièce
de résistance is arguably the Maritime Ho-
tel at the old Covenant House in West
Chelsea, which opened in 2001, with a nauti-
cal theme that made it appear as if it were a
Wes Anderson movie come to life.
In 2007, Mr. MacPherson and Eric Goode
(a founder of the seminal 1980s club Area)
opened, with Graydon Carter, the Waverly
Inn, a West Village homage to Elaine’s. Mr.
MacPherson and Mr. Goode also opened the
Bowery Hotel, with Ira Druckier, on the
Lower East Side. A year later, on the West
Side Highway, they debuted the Jane,
where barely solvent fashion brands hosted
parties.
DAVID AZIA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Top, Hotel Delano in
Miami Beach. Below that,
the Standard in Manhattan.
Center left, Ian Schrager
at his Public Hotel, 2017.
Center right, Andre Balazs
at the Chiltern Firehouse,
Marylebone, London, 2014.
Above, the Wythe in Brooklyn.
‘I’m not sure
how we get out
of this thing.’
JEENAH MOON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Daniel Day-Lewis camped out at the
Marlton Hotel, which arrived on Eighth
Street in 2013 and helped end the block’s
status as the Doc Martens capital of the
world.
Mr. MacPherson’s latest job is a restora-
tion of the Hotel Chelsea, which will likely
pay homage to its bohemian history but will
sell luxury condos, rent hotel rooms and
house a Japanese restaurant.
On a recent afternoon, Mr. MacPherson
was driving back to Montauk from Manhat-
tan, where he’d been doing a walk-through
of the hotel.
During his stay, he’d been to the Hudson
River Park and seen scores of millennials
socializing and not wearing masks. Which
was an indication that prognostications
about the end of going out and spending
money rarely wind up being true.
JEENAH MOON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
People have short memories. They get
sick of staying home, especially when
forced.
He’s also been reading Ernest Heming-
way’s writings about the Spanish flu. “This
terrible, terrible event and we slogged on,”
Mr. MacPherson said. “I imagine that’s
what will happen here.”
He puts in the plus column that hotels are
“pretty good at disinfecting things and cre-
ating a sense of cleanliness.” He believes
rapid testing will enable things to open
more successfully. And that people want to
socialize.
Still, he grew up in Malibu during the first
series of devastating fires, operated numer-
ous hotels during Hurricane Sandy and sur-
vived the Sept. 11 terror attacks and the
2008 financial crisis. Speaking about the
travel industry, he said, “This is on such a
different level. I’m not sure how we get out
of this thing.”
‘Extra Space’
Jeff Klein at least has something of a para-
chute.
He was 31 when he was a partner in the
City Club, which opened in Times Square in
2001. Back then, he said, there was no “mas-
ter plan” to become the proprietor of the
most Hollywood of Hollywood hotels.
City Club opened shortly before the Sept.
11 attacks. What saved it was a $27 ham-
burger, courtesy of the celebrity chef Daniel
Boulud, which became a hit with nearby ed-
itors from Condé Nast, who worked a block
away and ate at DB Bistro Moderne.
“What that taught me is that soul of a ho-
N D5
ALAN DIAZ/ASSOCIATED PRESS
tel is the restaurant,” Mr. Klein said.
Three years later, after the economy re-
bounded, he pulled together $25 million in
financing and headed to Los Angeles,
where he renovated an Art Deco hotel on
the Sunset Strip. He called it the Sunset
Tower and installed at its restaurant, The
Tower Bar, a quirky maître d’ named Dimi-
tri Dimitrov, whose skill of not lingering too
long at the tables of movie stars helped him
become sort of famous.
“True tourists,” Mr. Klein said, were
never the hotel’s target customers. “Insid-
ers” were: those who either lived and
worked in Los Angeles, or who came from
New York but had jobs in entertainment,
fashion and media.
Vanity Fair moved its Oscar party there
from Morton’s in 2009. In 2016, Cindy Craw-
ford and Randy Gerber hosted Amal
Clooney’s birthday there. As Instagram
took over the world, Mr. Klein declared that
privacy was the new luxury and opened a
cellphone-free, members-only club called
the San Vicente Bungalows.
Rooms at the Sunset Tower have gone
mostly empty for much of the spring. But
the downstairs restaurant is due to reopen
next week, and Mr. Klein said he felt pre-
pared for dining in the era of social distanc-
ing.
“Celebrities have had extra space be-
tween their tables for years,” he said. “Now
I just have to do it for everybody.”
Trying Not to Panic
It’s hard to imagine a lot of people traveling
to the epicenter of a pandemic when restau-
rants aren’t fully open, Broadway is shut
down, and museums remain closed, but Ja-
son Pomeranc is also trying not to panic.
That’s part of why he kept Sixty Thomp-
son in SoHo open for the last three months,
despite having watched occupancy drop
from 70 percent nightly to less than 10
“seemingly in minutes.”
The hotel first opened on Sept. 10, 2001,
and catered to the Hamptons Magazine/
Ocean Drive set. “Impeccable timing,” he
said.
But after the disaster that followed, the
enemy was clear, the devastation finite.
Capitalism became a cause, with elected
leaders imploring people in 2001 to “get out
there, go to restaurants, spend money. The
idea was don’t let the terrorists win,” Mr.
Pomeranc said. “Now we’re being forced
into the opposite reaction. In order to beat
this thing, we have to not go out.”
He thinks travelers will return to New
York, but maybe not this summer. And there
are an awful lot of people like Mr. Baitz, who
said that dining in a clubby restaurant “with
everyone in masks feels too close to the
Roger Corman version of Edgar Allan Poe
for my liking.”
Before the coronavirus and now, “during
our much needed reconsideration of our re-
lationship to law enforcement, so much
feels like feels like those horrid people in the
big city in ‘The Hunger Games.’ ”
And hotel management is a difficult busi-
ness, highly leveraged with low margins.
“Pretty much every hotel is restructuring
their debt,” said Sean Hennessey, who runs
Lodging Advisors, a travel consultancy
that’s worked for storied names like the St.
Regis and the Plaza. “They either need to
get more equity pumped in to sustain them-
selves, or they need to reach an agreement
with lenders to get their debt extended.”
“Unlike office buildings, where leases
typically last for five to 10 years, hotels have
guests for an average of a night and a half,”
he said. “That’s why whenever there’s a
downturn they are one of the first industries
that gets walloped, along with airlines and
cruise ships.”
Besides the closing of Mr. Schrager’s
project with Marriott, Mr. Balazs, Mr. Klein,
Mr. MacPherson and Mr. Pomeranc have all
laid off or furloughed staff members.
Several in the industry said that Mr. Sen-
bahar is barely staving off losing control of
the Mark Hotel, despite rates among the
highest in the city and great reviews.
In an interview, Mr. Senbahar said he
thinks he will be fine, although he acknowl-
edged that there have been some financing
issues.
He’s seen colleagues in the industry say
that their bookings have dropped 70 per-
cent. Which he thinks is nonsense.
“No one has any guests,” he said.
D6 N THE NEW YORK TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020
London Tries On a New Look for Fashion Week
The pandemic made the old
show format impossible. Can a
digital equivalent be the same?
By ELIZABETH PATON
Paris Fashion Week closed in March with a
spectacle held by Louis Vuitton in a shad-
owy courtyard of the closed Louvre mu-
seum. Though no one knew it at the time,
the event may have been the last traditional
catwalk show of 2020. Shortly afterward,
the spread of the coronavirus put an end to
physical gatherings, including the runway
circus more commonly known as fashion
week.
In its stead — for now anyway — comes a
whole new digital experience. This week,
London will up the ante on the industry ex-
periment, as the city becomes the first of the
four fashion capitals to take its runway
shows online.
Previously called London Fashion Week
Men’s, the shows, held in June, were a week-
end roundup of British men’s wear that
acted as a curtain raiser for the bigger, beef-
ier men’s wear lineups shown later, else-
where in Europe.
Now London Fashion Week has dropped
the “men’s” and will be a digital platform ca-
tering to all genders. It is scheduled to run
DANIEL LEAL-OLIVAS/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES
from Friday to Sunday and showcase new
designs, virtual showrooms, short films,
podcasts and playlists, all from a new home
(londonfashionweek.co.uk) and new hash-
tag (#LFWreset).
The “reset” part of the hashtag is actually
what it’s all about.
“Canceling London Fashion Week was
never an option,” said Caroline Rush, the
British Fashion Council chief executive.
“The big question was around what sort of
format it would take in lockdown.”
The answer is a Netflix-style home page
with three category streams. There is an of-
ficial schedule of approximately 20 brands
that would normally show in London, in-
cluding Chalayan, Marques Almeida and
Nicholas Daley, unveiling new or existing
product lines on the site at specific time
slots alongside links to look books, digital
showrooms and e-commerce sites. There is
also an exploration portal where brands,
schools, retailers and cultural institutions
can display creative content, like 3-D films
and poetry readings.
And finally there is footage produced by
the fashion council, including interviews
CrossFit’s C.E.O. Is Out After Tense Exchange
Greg Glassman, the fitness
brand’s founder, recently spoke
belligerently about racism.
By KATHERINE ROSMAN
Greg Glassman, the founder and chief exec-
utive of CrossFit, announced on Tuesday
evening that he would step down. The resig-
nation followed days of turmoil for the fit-
ness brand.
Last week, in a post on Twitter, Mr. Glass-
man made light of both the coronavirus
pandemic and the killing of George Floyd,
who died after a white police officer knelt on
his neck, and last weekend he spoke bellig-
erently to CrossFit gym owners about race
and racism in a remarkable Zoom call that
was leaked to reporters.
“We’re not mourning for George Floyd, I
don’t think me or any of my staff are,” said
Mr. Glassman on the call, according to a re-
cording provided to The New York Times.
“Can you tell me why I should mourn for
him?” he said. “Other than it’s the ‘white’
thing to do. I get that pressure but give me
another reason.”
He will be replaced by Dave Castro, a
longtime CrossFit executive.
“I created a rift in the CrossFit communi-
ty and unintentionally hurt many of its
members,” Mr. Glassman said in a state-
ment on Tuesday. He maintains his owner-
ship stake.
The news of the recorded meeting and
Mr. Glassman’s departure was reported
first by Ryan Brooks and David Mack at
BuzzFeed News.
CrossFit is one of the largest fitness
brands, now with more than 6,000 affiliate
gyms in the United States alone. It was cre-
ated in 2000 to provide workouts that rely
on principles of functional movement and
high intensity, militarylike drills to build
strength and stamina.
Here is how the unraveling happened.
On Friday, a handful of owners of gyms
affiliated with the CrossFit brand, which at
the time had about 14,000 affiliate gyms
worldwide, received an email about taking
part in a Zoom call with Mr. Glassman.
“I hope you’re doing well and pushing
through!” said the email, sent by Danielle
and video diaries from designers like
Roksanda and Liam Hodges.
“This is about keeping fashion week go-
ing culturally at a time when it can’t take
place physically,” Ms. Rush said. “Design-
ers can tell a story and build their brand on
this platform in whatever way they choose.”
Not every brand has embraced the new
format. Ms. Rush noted that when the fash-
ion council made the decision to produce the
digital event, it didn’t know whether many
designers would be able to produce new col-
lections in the current climate.
The official lineup of participants was
published last Friday. Few established
names from the London women’s wear
scene, including Burberry, Victoria Beck-
ham and Erdem, were on it.
Preen and Marques Almeida had signed
on, but most brands had chosen to wait to
show in September. Others will be offering
what may be termed collection-adjacent
productions.
Nicholas Daley, for example, a London-
based men’s wear designer who was a final-
ist for the LVMH Prize this year until the
competition was canceled in April, decided
Hale, who works in affiliate relations for the
corporate brand. “We can all use a positive,
informative chat with like-minded friends
of the CrossFit community, right?”
Mr. Glassman had been hosting such calls
for the past several months, to check in with
gym owners whose businesses have been
temporarily closed because of the coro-
navirus pandemic.
This particular conference call came
while many were asking Mr. Glassman on
social media to make a statement in support
of Black Lives Matter, and several hours be-
fore Mr. Glassman responded to a Twitter
post that said “Racism is a public health is-
sue” with the comment “It’s FLOYD-19.”
That tweet set off a public outcry and
prompted an apology statement from Mr.
Glassman the next day. “I made a mistake
by the words I chose yesterday,” the state-
ment said. “My heart is deeply saddened by
the pain it has caused. It was a mistake, not
racist but a mistake.” By Tuesday, nearly
1,200 gyms said they planned to end their
affiliation with CrossFit.
But before the tweet came the Zoom call,
which included more than a dozen people,
including gym owners and corporate em-
ployees. The event devolved into expletive-
filled rants by Mr. Glassman, in which he
referenced conspiracy theories and fought
with a gym owner on the topics of race, rac-
ism and the responsibility of white business
owners to show support for the black com-
munities amid a national time of reckoning.
“CrossFit is very popular with first re-
sponders, military and law enforcement; it
has very close ties to those communities,”
said Justin LoFranco, the founder of Morn-
ing Chalk Up, a six-days-a-week newsletter
devoted to CrossFit news, who also has
heard the recording of the Zoom call. “But I
don’t think Greg Glassman said these
things because he feels a need to defend
those communities. I think this is what Greg
Glassman thinks.”
On the call, Mr. Glassman said he didn’t
“trust” a member of the CrossFit communi-
ty who had already begun to complain pub-
licly about the fitness company’s relative
lack of response to Mr. Floyd’s death and
protests that resulted.
That member, Alyssa Royse, the owner of
Rocket CrossFit in Seattle, published on her
gym’s blog an email exchange she had with
ANDREW TESTA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Top, looks from Nicholas
Daley. Above from left: looks
from Marques Almeida; looks
from Chalayan; and Princess
Anne, left, and Rosh Mahtani,
center, in February.
Greg Glassman, the founder
and chief executive of CrossFit,
in 2015. His recent remarks,
like “We’re not mourning for
George Floyd,” have repelled
sponsors, affiliates and others.
ANDREW TESTA FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
to produce a playlist, rather than a full new
collection.
Known for his colorful explorations of
multiculturalism within British identity, Mr.
Daley has built his brand on manufacturing
via local craftspeople and infusing music
into his fashion week presentations. The
schedule also included a short film on his
fall 2020 collection, with behind-the-scenes
footage from its runway show in January.
“I am genuinely grateful that this fashion
week platform exists and think it was the
right thing to do to make sure it was there
for those who wanted it,” said Mr. Daley,
who received a grant from the BFC Founda-
tion Covid Crisis Fund, an initiative started
in March to make 1 million pounds in emer-
gency assistance available for designer
businesses affected by the pandemic.
Mr. Daley’s musical playlist will reflect
his inspirations for his spring 2021 col-
lection and be accompanied by sketches
and snapshots of fabrics — “an interactive
mood board” was how he described it.
“It wasn’t feasible for me to complete a
collection with so much of my time being
taken up by keeping the business afloat,” he
CARLOS CHAVARRÍA
the corporate office on June 5. In it, she
alerted an executive who works for Mr.
Glassman that she would be disaffiliating
her business from CrossFit because of
“CrossFit’s failure to take a stand in a time
of moral crisis in the US.”
Mr. Glassman personally responded to
the email, writing, “I sincerely believe the
quarantine has adversely impacted your
mental health” and “I am ashamed of you.”
Early in the call, Mr. Glassman first spoke
directly with Eli Wallace, a gym owner from
Louisiana, who described how he had set up
his gyms to provide for social distancing.
Next, Mr. Glassman spoke with a gym
owner in Ithaca, N.Y., who was frustrated
that the reopening of his community, which
was largely unscathed by the virus, was
slowed simply because it was in the same
state as the hard-hit New York City area.
Mr. Glassman responded that there were
two great medical failures of his lifetime.
“The first would be the Chinese who let this
virus get out of the laboratory,” he said.
“That indeed did happen.”
“And the second one would be your gov-
ernor packing the nursing homes with in-
said. “But I wanted to do this. Contributing
is better than stagnating.”
Rosh Mahtani, the founder of Alighieri
jewelry, is to upload product and contact in-
formation to the platform but will not be
showing anything new. At the last London
Fashion Week, in February, Princess Anne
presented Ms. Mahtani with the Queen Eliz-
abeth II Award for British Design.
But Alighieri’s revenue from wholesale
sales was cut in half during the shutdown
(although e-commerce sales went up), the
company said, and Ms. Mahtani had only a
few hours’ notice before she had to leave
her studio for months; several of her em-
ployees got sick.
“I’ve found it really hard during lock-
down,” she said. “I just felt insecure and
quite confused. I wished I could make venti-
lators, not jewelry.”
Although Ms. Mahtani added that she
liked the fact that this London Fashion
Week would be open to everyone and that
customers can join as well as press and buy-
ers, ultimately, “I want to take the time to do
something amazing and relevant in Sep-
tember,” she said.
London is not the first city to move its
fashion week online since the outbreak be-
gan; Shanghai and Moscow went digital for
their fashion weeks in late March and April.
JEFF SPICER/GETTY IMAGES FOR BFC
But it will be something of a test case for
what will follow: digital offerings from
Paris (couture and men’s wear, July 6-13)
and Milan (July 14-17).
If these digital fashion weeks attract mil-
lions of viewers far beyond the traditional
attendees and give designers a new cre-
ative outlet, they are sure to add momen-
tum to existing questions about the long-
term viability of the old runway model.
In May, two groups of designers and
brands published memos that called for an
overhaul of the fashion calendar so that col-
lections would be displayed in a more sea-
sonal, and audience-appropriate, way.
“The current situation is leading us all to
reflect more poignantly on the society we
live in and how we want to live our lives and
build businesses when we get through this,”
Ms. Rush said. She added that the new Lon-
don Fashion Week platform would be here
to stay, even when physical shows were fea-
sible again.
“Right now we are trying to build some-
thing that fits our needs today,” she said.
“But we are also investing in a global show-
case for the future.”
fected people,” he said, using an expletive to
describe Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New
York. (Nursing homes did take in people
with the coronavirus; any coronavirus links
to laboratories are still unknown.)
“Public health is medically themed poli-
tics,” he added. “And that’s why you were
sitting indoors. It had nothing to do with the
virus. That’s the excuse.”
Later in the call, Mr. Glassman turned his
attention to Hannah Wydeven, the owner of
Solcana Fitness, a CrossFit gym in Minne-
apolis. He asked if her gym had yet been
able to reopen, but she wanted to talk about
something else. Her gym is about a mile
from where Mr. Floyd died.
“Our community is reeling,” Ms. Wyde-
ven said. “People are in mourning.” She
went on: “I don’t think we’ve seen anything
come out from CrossFit headquarters in
terms of our response to that situation.”
Mr. Glassman said neither he nor his col-
leagues mourned Mr. Floyd. He asked Ms.
Wydeven why people in Minneapolis was
upset. She explained that the community
was concerned about “systematic racism.”
“Now I’ve heard systemic over and over
again, but not systematic,” Mr. Glassman
said. “But I suspect both have no meaning.
It’s really neat to have a problem that can’t
be defined because then it never ends. You
know, you can always wear it proudly.”
He continued: “Do you think that what
happened to George was racist? Do you
think that was racially motivated?”
Their back-and forth went on nearly 45
minutes, with Mr. Glassman saying that
casting aspersions on a person who doesn’t
want to make a statement against racism
was “worse than the rioting.”
“Having people — innocent people that
have taken part of nothing racist ever —
and forcing them to say statements that
could turn the world against them. What is
that?” he said using an expletive. “It’s sav-
agery is what.”
Ms. Wydeven said, “What we’re asking
for is very simple.” She asked that he ad-
dress the tragedy in some way, perhaps by
saying “that you think police brutality is a
problem, or if you want to say that you think
that we all need to think about how racism
exists in our society.”
He said: “I don’t think it is a problem, for
the most part. I really don’t.”