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Lesson Plan
I. Objective(s): By the end of today’s lesson, the student will be able to:
• define accounting terms related to analyzing transactions into debit and credit parts.
• identify accounting practices related to analyzing transactions into debit and credit parts.
• use “T” accounts to analyze transactions showing which accounts are debited or credited for each
transaction.
• verify the equality of debits and credits for each transaction.
II. Materials:
• Textbook
• Workbook
• Transparencies
ACCOUNTS
• The accounting equation can be represented as a “T”:
Always draw T accounts when analyzing transactions to see the debit and credit sides.
Account - a record summarizing all the information pertaining to a single item in the accounting
equation.
• The normal balance side of an asset, liability, or capital account is based on the location of the account
in the accounting equation.
ASSETS LIABILITIES
When drawing T accounts, stack the accounts instead of writing them horizontally to make it
easier to recognize debits and credits.
• The sides of a “T” account are also used to show increases and decreases in account balances.
ASSETS LIABILITIES
• Two basic accounting rules regulate increases and decreases of account balances:
1) Account balances increase on the normal balance side of an account.
2) Account balances decrease on the side opposite the normal balance side of an account.
* Asset accounts have normal debit balances; therefore, asset accounts increase on the debit side
and decrease on the credit side.
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* Liability accounts have normal credit balances; therefore, liability accounts increase on the
credit side and decrease on the debit side.
* Owner’s capital account has a normal credit balance; therefore, the capital account increases
on the credit side and decreases on the debit side.
Assignment:
Be sure you know and understand:
• terms 1 - 3, pg. 66.
• questions 1 - 5, pg. 66.
• Case 1, pg. 66 in class.
• read pages 55 - 65, including Personal Visions in Business.
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Four questions are used in analyzing a transaction into its debit and credit parts:
1) What accounts are affected?
A list of accounts used by a business is called a Chart of Accounts. (ex. pg. 18)
2) How is each account classified?
Asset, liability, owner’s equity, revenue, or expense.
3) How is each account balance changed?
Increased or decreased.
4) How is each amount entered in the accounts?
The amount is either debited or credited to the account.
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For a transaction in which cash is received, the cash account is always increased.
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Any Asset
Left side Right side
Debit side Credit side
Normal Bal.
Increase Decrease
Cash
Left side Right side
Debit side Credit side
Normal Bal.
Increase -1577.00
Supplies
Left side Right side
Debit side Credit side
Normal Bal.
+1577.00 Decrease
For a transaction in which cash is paid, the cash account is always decreased.
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Cash Sales
Left side Right side Left side Right side
Debit side Credit side Debit side Credit side
Normal Bal. Normal Bal.
+525 Decrease Decrease +525
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Do not confuse the words debit and credit with increase or decrease. Debit only means the left
side of an account; Credit only means the right side of an account.
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Assignment:
Be sure you know and understand:
• accounting terms 4-5, pg. 66.
• questions 6-17, pg. 66.
• Case 2, pg. 66 in class.
• Drills 4-D1 and 4-D2, pg. 69 in class.
• Problem 4-1 in class, pg. 68 - record answers in workbooks
• Problem 4-M, pg. 69.
V. Closure:
To review for test do Study Guide 4 and Problem 4-M.
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Reference List
Ross, K.E., Hanson, R.D., Gilbertson, C.B., Lehman, M.W., & Swanson, R.M., (1995). Century 21
Accounting: First-Year Course (6th ed.). Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing Co.
Working Papers and Study Guides - Century 21 Accounting (6th ed.). Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing
Co.