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February 1995
LM135/LM235/LM335, LM135A/LM235A/LM335A
Precision Temperature Sensors
General Description
The LM135 series are precision, easily-calibrated, integrat- temperature range. The LM335 operates from b40§ C to
ed circuit temperature sensors. Operating as a 2-terminal a 100§ C. The LM135/LM235/LM335 are available pack-
zener, the LM135 has a breakdown voltage directly propor- aged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages while the
tional to absolute temperature at a 10 mV/§ K. With less LM335 is also available in plastic TO-92 packages.
than 1X dynamic impedance the device operates over a
current range of 400 mA to 5 mA with virtually no change in Features
performance. When calibrated at 25§ C the LM135 has typi- Y Directly calibrated in § Kelvin
cally less than 1§ C error over a 100§ C temperature range. Y 1§ C initial accuracy available
Unlike other sensors the LM135 has a linear output. Y Operates from 400 mA to 5 mA
Applications for the LM135 include almost any type of tem- Y Less than 1X dynamic impedance
perature sensing over a b55§ C to a 150§ C temperature Y Easily calibrated
range. The low impedance and linear output make interfac-
ing to readout or control circuitry especially easy.
Y Wide operating temperature range
Y 200§ C overrange
The LM135 operates over a b55§ C to a 150§ C temperature
range while the LM235 operates over a b40§ C to a 125§ C
Y Low cost
Schematic Diagram
TL/H/5698 – 1
Connection Diagrams
TO-92 SO-8 TO-46
Plastic Package Surface Mount Package Metal Can Package*
TL/H/5698–8
Bottom View TL/H/5698 – 26
TL/H/5698 – 25
Bottom View
Order Number LM335Z or LM335AZ Order Number LM335M or
See NS Package Number Z03A LM335AM *Case is connected to negative pin
See NS Package Number M08A Order Number LM135H,
LM135H-MIL, LM235H, LM335H,
LM135AH, LM235AH or LM335AH
See NS Package Number H03H
C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation TL/H/5698 RRD-B30M115/Printed in U. S. A.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, Specified Operating Temp. Range
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Intermittent
Office/Distributors for availability and specifications. Continuous (Note 2)
(Note 4) LM135, LM135A b 55§ C to a 150§ C 150§ C to 200§ C
Reverse Current 15 mA LM235, LM235A b 40§ C to a 125§ C 125§ C to 150§ C
Forward Current 10 mA LM335, LM335A b 40§ C to a 100§ C 100§ C to 125§ C
Storage Temperature Lead Temp. (Soldering, 10 seconds)
TO-46 Package b 60§ C to a 180§ C TO-92 Package: 260§ C
TO-92 Package b 60§ C to a 150§ C TO-46 Package: 300§ C
SO-8 Package b 65§ C to a 150§ C SO-8 Package: 300§ C
Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215§ C
Infrared (15 seconds) 220§ C
2
Typical Performance Characteristics
Reverse Voltage Change Calibrated Error Reverse Characteristics
Thermal Response in
Stirred Oil Bath Forward Characteristics
TL/H/5698 – 3
3
Application Hints
CALIBRATING THE LM135 To insure good sensing accuracy several precautions must
Included on the LM135 chip is an easy method of calibrating be taken. Like any temperature sensing device, self heating
the device for higher accuracies. A pot connected across can reduce accuracy. The LM135 should be operated at the
the LM135 with the arm tied to the adjustment terminal al- lowest current suitable for the application. Sufficient current,
lows a 1-point calibration of the sensor that corrects for of course, must be available to drive both the sensor and
inaccuracy over the full temperature range. the calibration pot at the maximum operating temperature
as well as any external loads.
This single point calibration works because the output of the
LM135 is proportional to absolute temperature with the ex- If the sensor is used in an ambient where the thermal resist-
trapolated output of sensor going to 0V output at 0§ K ance is constant, self heating errors can be calibrated out.
(b273. 15§ C). Errors in output voltage versus temperature This is possible if the device is run with a temperature stable
are only slope (or scale factor) errors so a slope calibration current. Heating will then be proportional to zener voltage
at one temperature corrects at all temperatures. and therefore temperature. This makes the self heating er-
ror proportional to absolute temperature the same as scale
The output of the device (calibrated or uncalibrated) can be
factor errors.
expressed as:
T WATERPROOFING SENSORS
VOUTT e VOUTT c
o To Meltable inner core heat shrinkable tubing such as manu-
where T is the unknown temperature and To is a reference factured by Raychem can be used to make low-cost water-
temperature, both expressed in degrees Kelvin. By calibrat- proof sensors. The LM335 is inserted into the tubing about
ing the output to read correctly at one temperature the out- (/2× from the end and the tubing heated above the melting
put at all temperatures is correct. Nominally the output is point of the core. The unfilled (/2× end melts and provides a
calibrated at 10 mV/§ K. seal over the device.
Typical Applications
Basic Temperature Sensor Calibrated Sensor Wide Operating Supply
TL/H/5698–2
TL/H/5698 – 9
*Calibrate for 2.982V at 25§ C
TL/H/5698 – 10
TL/H/5698–4 TL/H/5698 – 19
4
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5698 – 20
TL/H/5698 – 5
TL/H/5698 – 21
5
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5698–22
*Adjust R2 for 2.554V across LM336. TL/H/5698 – 23
Adjust R1 for correct output. *Adjust for 2.7315V at output of LM308
Fahrenheit Thermometer
TL/H/5698 – 24
*To calibrate adjust R2 for 2.554V across LM336.
Adjust R1 for correct output.
TL/H/5698–6
6
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5698 – 11
TL/H/5698 – 12
Differential Temperature
Sensor
TL/H/5698–7
7
Typical Applications (Continued)
TL/H/5698 – 14
TL/H/5698 – 15
8
Typical Applications (Continued)
Ground Referred Centigrade Thermometer Air Flow Detector*
TL/H/5698 – 17
*Self heating is used to detect air flow
TL/H/5698 – 16
Definition of Terms
Operating Output Voltage: The voltage appearing across Calibrated Temperature Error: The error between operat-
the positive and negative terminals of the device at speci- ing output voltage and case temperature at 10 mV/§ K over
fied conditions of operating temperature and current. a temperature range at a specified operating current with
Uncalibrated Temperature Error: The error between the the 25§ C error adjusted to zero.
operating output voltage at 10 mV/§ K and case temperature
at specified conditions of current and case temperature.
9
10
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
11
LM135/LM235/LM335, LM135A/LM235A/LM335A Precision Temperature Sensors
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
Plastic Package
Order Number LM335Z or LM335AZ
NS Package Z03A
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or 2. A critical component is any component of a life
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant support device or system whose failure to perform can
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
failure to perform, when properly used in accordance support device or system, or to affect its safety or
with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can effectiveness.
be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury
to the user.
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
This datasheet has been download from:
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