Ram Structural Report

DESIGN THESIS
NID
N. VENKATA RAMA REDDY

16C01C4017
2019-2020
MAESTRO SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

D. NO. 1-16/1, Survey No. 210/4, Gudavalli,
Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 521104.
DESIGN THESIS
NID
Submitted for The Award of The Degree of
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
AWARDED BY
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada

For the year 2019 - 2020
BY
N. VENKATA RAMA REDDY

16C01C4017
Under the Guidance of

Ar. Sandeep

D. NO. 1-16/1, Survey No. 210/4, Gudavalli,
Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 521104.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
KAKINADA.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this structural thesis report entitled NID submitted by Mr./Miss
N.V.RAMA REDDY , Roll No. 16C01C4017 , currently in fifth year B.Arch, during the
academic year 2018-2019 in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelors in
Architecture from Jawaharlal Nehru technological University is a record of bonafide work
to the best of my / our knowledge and may be placed before the examination board for their
consideration.
ER. ADAM SHERIF.

STRUCTURAL GUIDE
AR. RAMCHANDER TIRUKANTI

AR. SANJAY TORVI.
ACADEMIC DIRECTOR PRINCIPAL
ER. EXTERNAL EXAMINER

D.NO. 1-16/1, SYRVEY NO. 210/4, GUDAVALLI,
VIJAYAWADA. 521104.
ABSTRACT
The project is a Live project proposed at AMARAVATI by the Department of Industrial
Policy and Promotion, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, of the Government of India.
The project entails the construction of many structures along with Academic Block which is
going to be the main focus of the design.
It offers tremendous scope for growth in the current state of economic growth.
The institutes established have been successful and are rated amongst the top design schools
world-over.
Design has however failed to secure a strong foothold in the eyes of the average Indian as a
viable career choice. This is reflected in the scant dispersal of such institutes, especially
when viewed in comparison to other fields of education.
Even from the point of view of the country, the design industry contributes in a great way to
the overall output of the nation.
It also improves the efficiency in overall functioning of the society.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere gratitude to my guide Ar. SANDEEP sir for his timely discussion and
encouragement, which has enable me to complete my Thesis.
I would like to thank to Ar. RAMACHANDER (Director, MAESTRO SCHOOL OF

PLANNING VIJAYAWADA ) & Ar. SANJAY TORVI (Thesis Coordinator) for approving
my topic and completing the official formalities of the project work.
I would also thanks to my co- guides Ar.SAMANTH sir & PRASSANA mam for their
valuable suggestions given at different stages and inspiration throughout the project work.
I am also thankful to my friends for their kind co-operation and support.
I would like to express my special thanks to my Parents who encouraged me all the time to
complete my Thesis.
DEDICATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................................................4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................................................................. 5
DEDICATION................................................................................................................................................................... 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................. 7
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................ 11
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION...................................................................................................................................... 11
ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................................................12
UNITS:..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT............................................................................................. 14
GRAVITY LOAD CALCULATION.............................................................................................................................. 18
DEAD LOAD...........................................................................................................................................................18
LIVE LOAD.............................................................................................................................................................18
LATERAL LOAD................................................................................................................................................... 18
Methods and tools for analysis.........................................................................................................................................19
COSIDERATIONS.................................................................................................................................................. 20
CODES USED......................................................................................................................................................... 20
LOADS............................................................................................................................................................................ 20
STRUCTURAL REPORT .............................................................................................................................................. 21
ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................................................................. 21
DESIGN METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................................... 21
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................................ 22
1. CEMENT............................................................................................................................................................. 22
2. AGGREGATES................................................................................................................................................... 22
SIZE OF AGGREGATE..........................................................................................................................................22
3. REINFORCEMENT............................................................................................................................................ 22
4. CONCRETE.........................................................................................................................................................22
DIFFERENT TYPES OF AREA..................................................................................................................................... 23
• BUILT UP AREA..................................................................................................................................................23
• PLINTH AREA..................................................................................................................................................... 23
• FLOOR AREA...................................................................................................................................................... 23
• CARPET AREA.................................................................................................................................................... 23
• SUPER BUILT UP AREA.................................................................................................................................... 23
SET BACK.......................................................................................................................................................................24
ADVANTAGE OF SET-BACK.............................................................................................................................. 24
PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING BUILDING BYE-LAWS.............................................................................................. 24
BUILDING BYE-LAWS FOR INSTITUTIONAL AREA.....................................................................................25
DESIGN OF SLAB..........................................................................................................................................................27
DATA.......................................................................................................................................................................28
LOADS.................................................................................................................................................................... 28
SPAN RATIO.......................................................................................................................................................... 28
EFFECTIVE SPAN(lx)............................................................................................................................................29
EFFECTIVE SPAN(ly)............................................................................................................................................29
DESIGN MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCE........................................................................................................ 30
DEPTH REQUIRED................................................................................................................................................31
TENSION REQUIREMENT................................................................................................................................... 31
SPACING.................................................................................................................................................................31
REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP................................................................................................................... 33
TENSIONAL REINFORCEMENT.........................................................................................................................33
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION..................................................................................................................................34
DESIGN OF BEAM........................................................................................................................................................ 36
BEAM 01 & 03........................................................................................................................................................ 36
DATA.......................................................................................................................................................................36
CROSS SECTION OF BEAM.................................................................................................................................36
EFFECTIVE SPAN................................................................................................................................................. 36
LOADS.................................................................................................................................................................... 36
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE.............................................................................................................37
CHECK FOR DEPTH..............................................................................................................................................37
MAIN REINFORCEMENT.....................................................................................................................................37
TENSION REINFORCEMENT.............................................................................................................................. 37
HANGER BARS......................................................................................................................................................38
SHEAR FORCE & REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................ 38
BEAM 02 & 04........................................................................................................................................................ 40
DATA.......................................................................................................................................................................40
CROSS SECTION OF BEAM.................................................................................................................................40
EFFECTIVE SPAN................................................................................................................................................. 40
LOADS.................................................................................................................................................................... 40
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE.............................................................................................................41
CHECK FOR DEPTH..............................................................................................................................................41
MAIN REINFORCEMENT.....................................................................................................................................41
TENSION REINFORCEMENT.............................................................................................................................. 42
HANGER BARS......................................................................................................................................................42
SHEAR FORCE & REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................ 42
SPACING.................................................................................................................................................................43
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION..................................................................................................................................43
DESIGN OF FOOTING.................................................................................................................................................. 45
DATA.......................................................................................................................................................................45
SIZE OF FOOTING.................................................................................................................................................45
UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE..................................................................................................................................45
DEPTH OF FOOTING............................................................................................................................................ 45
REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................................................ 46
SPACING.................................................................................................................................................................47
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR..........................................................................................................................47
CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR.........................................................................................................................48
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH .................................................................................................................................. 49
DESIGN OF FOOTING.......................................................................................................................................... 50
SIZE OF FOOTING.................................................................................................................................................50
DEPTH OF FOOTING............................................................................................................................................ 51
REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................................................ 51
DEVELOPMENTLENGTH ................................................................................................................................... 54
DESIGN OF FOOTING.......................................................................................................................................... 55
SIZE OF FOOTING.................................................................................................................................................55
DEPTH OF FOOTING............................................................................................................................................ 55
REINFORCEMENT................................................................................................................................................ 56
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH .................................................................................................................................. 59
COLUMN 1..................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Design for column type C1...................................................................................................................................... 60
COLUMN 2..................................................................................................................................................................... 62
Design for column type C2:..................................................................................................................................... 62
COLUMN 3..................................................................................................................................................................... 64
COLUMN 4..................................................................................................................................................................... 66
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
Τc Shear Stress
γm Partial Safety Factor
Ab Area of Each Bar
Ag Gross Area of Concrete
Ah Horizontal Seismic Coefficient
As c Area of Steel in Compression
Ast Area of Steel
Asv Area of Stirrups
B Width
D Effective Depth
d′ Effective Cover
D Overall Depth
e Structure Eccentricity
E Young’s Modulus of Rigidity
Es Modulus of Elasticity of Steel
fck Characteristics Strength of Concrete
fy Characteristics Strength of Steel
fs Steel Stress of Service Load
h Height of building
I Importance Factor (For Base Shear Calculation)
I Moment of Inertia
Ip Polar Moment of Stiffness

k Lateral Stiffness
L Length of Member
M Bending Moment
Pc Percentage of Compression Reinforcement
Pt Percentage of Tension Reinforcement
Q Design Lateral Force
R Response Reduction Factor
Sa/g Average Response Acceleration Coefficient
Sv Spacing of Each Bar
T Torsional Moment due to Lateral Force
Ta Fundamental Natural Period of Vibrations
V′ Additional Shear
VB Design Seismic Base Shear
W Seismic Weight of Floor
Xu Actual Depth of Neutral Axis
Xul Ultimate Depth of Neutral Axis
ABBREVIATIONS
D.L Dead Load
E.Q Earthquake Load
IS Indian Standard
L.L Live Load
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

UNITS:
Force KN
Moment KN-m
Length m
Bar Dia. mm
Spacing mm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
TYPE OF THE PROJECT : NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN
BUILDING TYPE : INSTITUTION
LOCATION : AMARAVATI,
STRUCTURAL TYPE : RCC
PLINTH AREA : 9725.45M2
NO. OF STOREY : 2
FLOOR TO FLOOR HEIGHT
BASEMENT : 3.5M
GROUND AND UPTO2ND FLOOR : 13.5M
FLAT ROOF
COLUMN HEIGHT : 17 M
TYPE OF SLAB 1) TWO WAY SLAB
2) ONE WAY SLAB
TYPE OF BEAM : FIXED BEAMS
TYPE OF COLUMN :
1) 300X600MM(INTERIOR COLUMN )
2) 300X600MM(EXTERIOR COLUMN)
TYPE OF STAIRCASE : DOGLEGGED, RAMP WITH STAIRCASE
TYPE OF FOUNDATION : PILE FOUNDATION
METHOD OF ANALYSIS : STATIC ANALYSIS (SAP 2000 V14)
DESIGN CONCEPT : LIMIT STATE DESIGN

CONCRETE GRADE USED : M25
REINFORCEMENT : FE415
DEAD LOAD : CALCULATED AS PER IS 857 PART I 1987
LIVE LOAD : CALCULATED AS PER IS 857 PART II 1987
SEISMIC LOAD : CALCULATED AS PER IS 1893 (PART I) 2002 USING

SEISMIC COEFFICIENT METHOD
PRELIMINARY DESIGN : IS 456:2000
SOIL TYPE : LOOSE SOIL
BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL : 100KN/M2

GRAVITY LOAD CALCULATION
There are three types of loads for which are considered in this analysis.
1. Dead load
2. Live load
3. Lateral load
DEAD LOAD
Dead load consists of the self-weight of the column, beam, slab and wall. Dimensions of column, beam, and
slab weretaken from preliminary design. For wall load, thickness of wall was taken from plan,deduction of
opening was done according to the average size of opening in the outer and inner walls and deduction was
not made in solid wall. In the case of the partition wall in the middle of slab, the total weight of the wall was
calculated as
LIVE LOAD
Live load was determined by using code for design loads (IS 875:2000 part 2) for various
types and purposes of rooms.
LATERAL LOAD
Lateral load acting in the building is earthquake/seismic load and wind load. Earthquake load is determined
by calculating lumped mass at floor level and horizontal base shear (IS 1893). It was done by Seismic
Coefficient Method. Wind load (IS 875 Part 3) is obtained by design wind speed and design wind pressure.
Earthquake load being the pre-dominant one between the two lateral loads, hence its effect was only
considered. For the analysis of earthquake load
Methods and tools for analysis
1. Creating grid/ model

2. Defining
a) Material
b) Section (beam, column, slab)
c) Load cases
d) Load pattern
e) Load combination
3. Assigning
a) Section
b) Load
4. Analyze the structure
5. Design of structural elements
6. Limit state design using above mentioned codes.
COSIDERATIONS
 The SBC of the soil is taken as 200 kN/sq.m

 Grade of concrete – M25
 Grade of steel – Fe415
CODES USED
 IS 456-2000: Plain and reinforced concrete

 IS 800-2007: General construction in steel
 IS 1786-2008: High strength deformed steel bars and wires
 IS 383-1970: Specification for coarse and fire aggregates
 SP 34-1987: Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing
 SP 16-1980: Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS 456-1978/2000 (optional)
LOADS
The loads on the structural elements are derived as follows:
 DEAD LOAD (Self weight) = Volume (L X B X D) X 25 kN/cu.m
(IS 875 - I: Unit weight of concrete = 25kN/cu.m)
 RESIDENTIAL = 2kN/m2
 COMMERICAL = 4kN/m2
 TERRACE ACESSABLE = 1.5kN/m2
 NON ACESSABLE = 0.75kN/m2 (IS: 875-PART-II)
 LIVE LOAD (Inaccessible roof load) = 0.75 kN/sq.m
 FLOOR FINISH = 1kN/m2 TO 1.5kN/m2
STRUCTURAL REPORT
ANALYSIS
Slab loads will be transferred to beams as per equivalent UDLs by triangular load analysis and
trapezoidal load analysis.
Beams are analysed as continuous beams and bending moments are derived using Table 12 & 13 in
IS 456.
Whenever equal spans and equal loads are present, a prototype beam is analysed and adopted for remaining
beams.
Reactions from continuous beams are calculated and cumulated to get total load on the column base.
Grouping is done for columns based on loads and footings are designed accordingly.
ONE WAY SLAB

wlx 2
TWO WAY SLAB
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
After analysing the structure for bending moments, shear force and reactions, design is done using
Limit State Method, with reference from IS 456.
Slabs – One way slabs: Singly reinforced beam of 1M width
Two-way slabs: Table 26 – For BM and Ast using SP 16
Beams – Moment Distribution Method
Columns – Cumulative reactions from beams
Group columns based on loads, and design columns and footings.

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
1. CEMENT
 53 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement confirming to IS 12269.
2. AGGREGATES
 Aggregates shall comply with the requirements of IS 383. As far as possible, preference shall be
given to natural aggregates.
SIZE OF AGGREGATE
 The nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate should be as large as possible within the limits
specified, but in no case greater than 1/4th the thickness of the member.
 For most work, 20 mm aggregate is suitable.
 Where there is no restriction to the flow of concrete into sections, 40 mm or larger size may be
permitted.
3. REINFORCEMENT
 The reinforcement shall be any of the following:
 Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars confirming to IS 432 (Part 1)
 High strength deformed steel bars confirming to IS 1786
4. CONCRETE
 They have compressive strengths about 100 kg/cm²
 Each course is about 75 mm and the wall thickness in 230 mm
 Walls are finished with 12 mm thick plaster on its smooth side and 15 mm plaster on its
DIFFERENT TYPES OF AREA
• BUILT UP AREA
• PLINTH AREA
• FLOOR AREA
• CARPET AREA
• SUPER BUILT UP AREA
BUILT UP AREA
“The area covered by the building immediately above the plinth level”
• It is also known as covered area. Details to be included Details not to be included Basement Steps Building
Structure Otta Ramps Kundi Swimming pool Soak pit Reservoir Fountain Chimney Manhole Water
purification plant Water tank
PLINTH AREA
Means the built-up covered area measured at the floor level of the basement or of any storey. Area to be
included in plinth area Area not to be included in plinth area Area of walls at floor level excluding plinth
offset, external area of projecting cladding. Additional floor to accommodate seats in theatre, assembly hall,
or auditorium Cover of stair Balcony Barsati Curvature provided to improve appearance Machine room
Platform without cover terrace above floor Porch without cantilever Dome, tower at terrace, spiral stairs
CARPET AREA
“it is net usable area within building”. Means the net area within a unit of a building excluding walls or
columns, service areas such as washrooms, kitchen and pantry, semi- open spaces such as veranda or
balcony, and corridors or passages.
FLOOR AREA
• “It is usable area on each floor”
• It including,
• Porch
• Each flat area in single floor for apartment
• Stairs
23
SET BACK
ADVANTAGE OF SET-BACK
• Better Condition Of Air, Light And Ventilation
• At Corners It Improve Visibility And Safety From Traffic.
• Space For Parking.
• Protection Of Building From Street Nuisance Like Noise.
• Reduce The Danger Of Fire From Neighbor House.
• It Provide Privacy In Building.
PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING BUILDING BYE-LAWS
 Classifying the building with unit as a family and mentioning the requirement.
 Classify rooms according use and then specifying minimum standard of each room with respect to size,
height, floor area, ventilation and light.
 Specify height of compound wall and location of gate in wall.
 Controlling projection in marginal space.
 Insisting on suitable FSI or FAR.
 Specify suitable arrangements with respect to drainage and water supply.
 Specify set-backs, light plan and margin.
 Specify minimum size of plots, their dimension and figure.
24
BUILDING BYE-LAWS FOR INSTITUTIONAL AREA
• Size of plots
• Area limitation
• Margin
• Height of the building
• Plinth height
• Minimum area of rooms
• Basement
• Compound wall
• Projection margin
• Parapet wall
• Mezzanine floor
• staircase
25
DESIGN OF SLAB
Slab dimensions(c/c) = 7.07x5.55m
Slab is two way
26
DESIGN OF SLAB
Slabs are to be designed under limit state method by reference of IS 456:2000.
• When the slab is supported in two-way direction it acts as two way supported slab.
• A two-way slab is economical compared to one-way slab.

Width of the support = 300mm
Characteristic strength of the concrete ( ﹀) = 20N/mm2
Yield strength of the steel ( ) = 415N/mm2
Ly/lx = 7.07/5.55 =1.27<2

Hence the slab is two way
27
DATA

Slab is s.s on 4 edges
LOADS
fck = 25n/mm2
fy = 415n/mm2
Self wt of slab = 1m x 1m x 0.15m x 25kn/m
= 3.75kn/m2
Floor finish = 1kn/m2
In accesible roof = 0.75kn/m2
Total load = 5.5 kn/m2
Factored load(wl) = T.LX1.5 =5.5X1.5
= 8.25kn/m2
SPAN RATIO
Ly/lx = 7.07/5.55 =1.27<2

Hence the slab is two way
Assuming 0.3% steel & modification factor = 1.43
Effective depth required = short span

20x modification factor
= 5.5
20x1.43
d = 0.194m
= 194mm-200mm
Providing 8mm dia at clear cover of 20mm
Effective cover to reinforcement = 20+5 =25mm

Therefore overall depth of the slab = 200+25 = 225mm
28
EFFECTIVE SPAN(lx)
=Clear span+ (support width/2) + (support width/2)

= (5.55-0.3)+ (0.3/2) + (0.3/2)
= 5.25+ 0.15+ 0.15
=5.55m
ii) lx = clear span + effective depth

= 5.25+ 0.2
= 5.45
EFFECTIVE SPAN(ly)
i) Ly = clear span+ support width

= (7.07 - 0.3) + 0.3
=7.07m
ii) Ly = clear span + effective depth

= 6.77 + 0.2
= 6.97m
Which ever is less

So, effective span(ly) = 6.97m
Dy/dx = 6.97/5.45
= 1.27<2
Therefore, the slab is two way slab
As per page-91 of is 456-200
29
DESIGN MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCE
Two adjacent edges discontinuos :-

Negative moment at continuos edge coefficient of αx
1.2 - 0.06
1.3 - 0.0065
α2 = 0.06+ (1.27-1.2) x (0.049 - 0.045)
(1.3-1.2)
= 0.048
Mcx(-ve) = α x (-x) w.lx2

= 0.0635x8.25x5.452
= 11.76 kn.m
Mcx(+ve) = αx(+x) wlx2

= 0.048x 8.25 x 5.452
= 11.76 kn.m
From table - 26
αy(-ve) = 0.047
αy(+ve) = 0.035
Muy(-ve) = αy(-)wlx2
= 0.047x 8.25 xx 5.452
= 11.52kn.m
Muy(+ve) = αy(+)wlx2
=0.035x 8.25 x 5.452
=8.58kn.m
Shear force(vu) = Wul

2
8.25x5.45
2
= 22.5kn
30
DEPTH REQUIRED
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
15.56x106 = 0.138x25x1000xd2
D2 = 4510.147
D = 67.157 < 200mm
Hence provided depth is adequate
TENSION REQUIREMENT
Along shorter span negative moment

MUX = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 200 (1-fy ast
Fck bd)
15.56x106 = 0.87x 415 x Ast x 200 (1- 415Ast

25x1000x200
Ast = 219.481 mm2
SPACING
1) S = Ast x 1000
Ast
Assume 8mm dia bars
Ast = π /4 x 82 = 50.265 mm2
S = 50.265 X 1000
219.481
=229.02mm
2) S = 3d
= 3x200
=600mm
3) S = 300mm
Hence provide 8mm bars with 220mm c/c
Along shorter span positive moment
31
Mux = 0.87x fy x ast d (1- fy ast
Fck bd
Mux = 0.87x 415 x ast 300 (1- 415xast

25x1000x200
Ast = 165.121mm2
Spacing
Use 8mm dia bars
Ast = π/4 x 82 = 50.265mm2
1) S = ast/Ast x 1000
= 50.265 X 1000 = 304 mm

165.121
2) S = 3D
3X200
600mm
3) S = 300mm
Hence provide 8mm dia bars with 300mm c/c
Along longer span :- negative moment

Muy = 0.87fy ast d (1-fy ast/fck bd)
8.53x106 = 0.87 x 415 x ast x 192 (1 - 415xast

25x1000x192)
Ast = 125.12 mm2

Spacing
Use 8mm dia bars
Ast = π/4 x 82 = 50.625mm2
1) S = ast/Ast x 1000
32
= 50.625 X 1000 = 404mm
125.12
2) s = 3d
= 3x192 = 576mm
3) S = 300mm
Hence provided 8mm dia bars with 300 mm c/c
REINFORCEMENT IN EDGE STRIP
Min. Reinforcement for fe415 steel bar

Ast = 0.127 . (A)
0.12 X (1000X225)
100
=270mm2
Spacing
Use 8mm dia bars
Ast = π x 82 = 50.265mm2
4
1) S= ast X 1000 = 186.2mm

Ast
2) S = 5d
=5x200 = 1000mm
3) S = 450mm
Provide 8mm dia bars with 180mm c/c spacing
TENSIONAL REINFORCEMENT
Slab is continuos over two adjacent sides
Area of reinforcement in each layers At = 3/4 ast x

33
=3/4 x 0.12y. (A)
=3/4 x 270
=202.5mm2
Spacing
Use 6mm dia bars
Ast = π/4 x 62 = 28.27mm2

1) S = ast X 1000
Ast
= 28.27 X 1000 = 139.6 mm

202.5
Hence provide 8mm dia bars @130mm c/c
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION
l =5450
Dpro 200
=27.25
For s.s slabs l/d ratio is 20
Pt = 100ast
Bd
Ast = π x 82 =50.265mm2
4
Pt = 100X 50.265 =0.025%

1000X200
FS = 0.58 fy
= 0.58X 415 = 240.07 n/mm2
Modification value =2
l
Dmax =20x2
= 40>27.25
Hence deflection control is safe
34
DESIGN OF BEAM
BEAM 1 Length of span = 7m
BEAM 2 Length of span = 5m
35
DESIGN OF BEAM
BEAM 01 & 03
DATA
Length of span = 7m
Trapzoidal load from slab = 8.25kn/m
Fy = 415N/mm2
Fck = 20N/mm2
CROSS SECTION OF BEAM
Adopt width of beam (b) = 300mm
l =10
d
d = l = 7/10 = 0.7m
10
=700mm
Overall depth (D) = d + d1

=700+50
= 750
EFFECTIVE SPAN
1. Centre to centre of support = 7m

2. L = clear span + d
= 6.7 + 0.7 = 7.14m
L = 7m
LOADS
Self.wt of beam = b X d X c
= 0.3 X 0.75 X 25 = 5.625 kn/m

Live load = 2.5kn/m
Trapezoidal load from slab = 8.25 kn/m
Dead load = 5.625 + 8.25

= 13.875 kn/m
Total load = dead load + live load

= 13.875 + 2.5
= 16.375 kn/m
36
Factored load(WU) = total load + factory of safety
= 16.375 X 1.5
= 24.562kn/m
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE
MU = WUl2
8
24.562 X 7
8
= 150.442 kn.m
VU = WUl
2
= 24.562 X 7
2
= 85.967 kn
CHECK FOR DEPTH
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
150.442 X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 300 X 4302
d = 426.254 < 700mm

~ 430mm
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
MUlim = 0.138 fck bd2

= 0.138 X 20 X 300 X 4302
= 153.09 kn.m
TENSION REINFORCEMENT
Ast = 0.36fck Xu b
0.87fy
XU = 0.48 X 700 = 336mm

37
Ast = 0.36 X 20 X 336 X 300
0.87 X 415
= 2010.137 mm2
Consider 24 mm dia bars
No. Of bars = 5
Ast = 5 x π/4 x 262
= 2261.946mm2
HANGER BARS
Consider 16mm dia bars

No. Of bars = 2
Ast provided = 2 X π/4 X 162
= 402.124mm2
SHEAR FORCE & REINFORCEMENT

 V = VU
Bd
= 85.967 X 103 = 0.41

300 X 700
Pt = 100Ast
bd
= 100 X 2261.946 = 1.17

300 X 700
Pt - Tc
1.00 - 0.39
1.25 - 0.42
 V = 0.39 + (1.1 - 1.0) X ( 0.42 - 0.39 )

(1.25 - 1.0)
= 0.402 N/mm2
 v >  c
Hence it is safe
38
SPACING
I) Sv = 0.87fyasv
0.4b
Asv = π/4 X 82 X 2 = 100.53 mm2
Sv = 0.87 X 415 X 100.53 = 302.47mm

0.4 X 300
II) SV = 0.75 X d = 0.75 X 700 = 525mm

III) Sv = 300mm
Provide 8mm dia stirrups with 300mm c/c
Check for deflection

(l/d)max = (l/d) X Kt x Kc x Kf
For s.s beams (l/d)max = 20
(l/d) = 10
Pt = 1.1%
Pc = 100Asc = 100 X 402.124 = 0.19%

Bd 300 X 700
FS = 0.58 X fy
= 0.58 X 415 = 240.7 N/mm2
Kt = 0.95
Kc = 1.5
Kf = 1
= (l/d) X Kt x Kc X Kf
= 10 X 0.95 X 1.5 X 1 = 14.25
(l/d)max > (l/d) X Kt x Kc X Kf
HENCE DEFLECTION IS SAFE
39
BEAM 02 & 04
DATA
Length of span = 5m
Trapzoidal load from slab = 10.5kn/m
Fy = 415N/mm2
Fck = 20N/mm2
CROSS SECTION OF BEAM
Adopt width ofbeam (b) = 300mm
l =10
d
d = l = 5/10 = 0.2m
10
=500mm
Overall depth (D) = d + d1

=500+50
= 550
EFFECTIVE SPAN
Centre to centre of support = 5m

L = clear span + d
= 4.7 + 0.5 = 5.2m
L = 5m
LOADS
Self.wt of beam = b x d x c
= 0.3 X 0.55 X 25 = 4.125 kn/m
Live load = 2.5kn/m
Trapezoidal load from slab = 10.5 kn/m
Dead load = 10.5 + 4.125

= 14.625 kn/m
Total load = dead load + live load

= 14.625 + 2.5
= 18.125 kn/m
40
Factored load(WU) = total load + factory of safety
= 18.125 X 1.5
= 27.187kn/m
BENDING MOMENT & SHEAR FORCE
MU = WUl2
8
27.187 X 52
8
= 84.96 kn.m
VU = WUl
2
= 27.187 X 5
2
= 68 kn
CHECK FOR DEPTH
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
84.96 X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 300 X d2
d = 330mm < 500mm

~ 330mm
MAIN REINFORCEMENT
MUlim = 0.138 fck bd2

= 0.138 X 20 X 300 X 3302
= 90.196 kn.m
MU < MU lim
Under reinforced
41
TENSION REINFORCEMENT
Ast = 0.36fck Xu b
0.87fy
XU = 0.48 X 500 = 240mm
Ast = 0.36 X 20 X 240 X 300

0.87 X 415
= 1435.812 mm2
Consider 24 mm dia bars

No. Of bars = 5
Ast = 5 x π/4 x 202
= 1570.8mm2
HANGER BARS

No. Of bars = 2
Ast provided = 2 X π/4 X 162
= 402.124mm2
SHEAR FORCE & REINFORCEMENT

 V = VU
Bd
= 68 X 103 = 0.45N/mm2
300 X 500
Pt = 100Ast
bd
= 100 X 1570.8 = 1.04%

300 X 500
Pt - Tc
1.00 - 0.39
1.25 - 0.42
 V = 0.39 + (1.04 - 1.0) X ( 0.42 - 0.39 )

(1.25 - 1.0)
= 0.395 N/mm2
42
 v >  c
Hence it is safe
SPACING
Sv = 0.87fyasv
0.4b
Asv = π/4 X 82 X 2 = 100.53 mm2
Sv = 0.87 X 415 X 100.53 = 302.47mm

0.4 X 300
SV = 0.75 X d = 0.75 X 700 = 525mm

Sv = 300mm
Provide 8mm dia stirrups with 300mm c/c
CHECK FOR DEFLECTION
(l/d)max = (l/d) X Kt x Kc x Kf
For s.s beams (l/d)max = 20
(l/d) = 10
Pt = 1.1%
Pc = 100Asc = 100 X 402.124 = 0.25%

Bd 300 X 500
FS = 0.58 X fy
= 0.58 X 415 = 240.7 N/mm2
Kt = 1
Kc = 1.75
Kf = 1
= (l/d) X Kt x Kc X Kf
= 14 X 1 X 1.75 X 1 = 17.75
(l/d)max > (l/d) X Kt x Kc X Kf

HENCE DEFLECTION IS SAFE
43
DESIGN OF FOOTING
44
DESIGN OF FOOTING
DATA
Size of column = 0.3 X 0.3m

Axial load(P) = 175kn
Factored load(pu = axial load X factory of safety
)
= 175 X 1.5
=262.5kn
Safe bearing capacity of soil = 200kn/m2
SIZE OF FOOTING
Areq = 1.1 X P
SBC
B2 = 1.1 X 175
200
B = 0.96 = 0.98
~ 1m
Provide 1mx1m footing
Apro 1m
2
UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE

Qu = Pu
Apro
262.5 X 103 = 262.5kn/m2

1000
DEPTH OF FOOTING
Mu = qu x b x (B-b2)
8
= 262.5 x 1000 x (1000-3002)

8
= 16.078kn.m
45
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
16.078 X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 1000 X d2
d = 76.316mm ~ 150mm
Depth should be increased by 2 times to resist shear
d = 2d
= 2 x 150 = 300mm
d = 300mm
REINFORCEMENT
Calculation of Ast
Mu = 0.87 fy ast d 1- fyast

Fck bd
16.078 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast x 300 x 1- 415 x ast

20 x 1000 x 300
Ast = 150mm2
No of bars
Dia = 10mm
Ast = π/4 x 102 = 78.54mm2
N = ast = 150 = 1.9 ~ 2 no

Ast 78.54
Ast = 2 x π x 102
4
= 157.1mm2
46
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
= 78.54 x 1000 = 499.9

157.1
provide 10mm dia bars @490MM c/c
End band reinforcement = 2 x cental band reinforcement

β+1
β = b/b = 1/1 = 1
Ast = 157.1mm2
No of bars
Dia = 10mm
Ast = π/4 x 102 = 78.54mm2
N = ast = 157.1 = 2.1 ~ 3no.s

Ast 78.54
Ast = 2 x π/4 x 102 = 157.1mm2
S = ast x B
Ast
= 78.54 x 1000 = 499.9 ~ 490mm

157.1
Provide 10mm dia bars @490mm c/c
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR

Vu = qu x b x (b-d) - d
2
Vu = 243.06 x 1 x 1-03 - 0.3

2
= 12.153kn
47
 u = vu/bd
12.153 X 103 = 0.004N/mm2

1000 X 300
Pt = 100ast
Bd
100 X 157.1 = 0.05%

1000 X 300
From table 19
u = 0.28 n/mm2
cmax = 2.8N/mm2
 u<  c
Hence check satisified
CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR
 u = qu x b2 - (b+d)2
4(b+d)d
 u = 262.5 12 - (0.3+0.3)2
4(0.3+0.3)0.3
=233.33kn/m2
=0.233n/mm2
 p > 1.11
Hence satisified
48
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Ld = 0.87fy
4  bd
 bd = 60% OF 1.12
160 X 1.12 = 1.92

100
Ld = 0.87 X 415
4 X 1.92
= 47.012mm
49
DESIGN OF FOOTING

Factored load(pu = axial load X factory of safety
)
= 250 X 1.5
=375kn
fck = 20n/mm2
Fy = 415n/mm2
SIZE OF FOOTING
Areq = 1.1 X P
SBC
B2 = 1.1 X 250 = 1.375

200
B = 1.375 = 1.2
1.2 ~ 1.5 m
Provide 1mx1m footing
Apro 1.5m X 1.5m
Size of footing is 1500mm X 1500mm

Qu = Pu
Apro
37.5
1.5 X 1.5
= 166.67kn/m2
50
DEPTH OF FOOTING
Mu = qu x b x (B-b2) X B
8
= 166.67 x (1.5 - 0.3)2 X 1.5

8
= 45kn.m
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
45 X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 1500 X d2
d = 104mm ~ 150mm
d = 2d
= 2 x 150 = 300mm
d = 300mm
REINFORCEMENT
Calculation of Ast

fck bd
45 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast x 300 x 1- 415 x ast

20 x 1500 x 300
Ast = 432.73mm2
No of bars
Dia = 16mm
51
Ast = π/4 x 162 = 201.06mm2
n = Ast = 432.73 = 2.15 ~ 3 no

ast 201.06
Ast = 3 x π/4 x 162 = 603.2mm2
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
= 201.06 x 1000 = 499.9

603.2
provide 16mm dia bars @490MM c/c

β+1
β = l/b = 1.5/1.5 = 1
Ast = 603.2mm2
No of bars
Dia = 10mm
Ast = π/4 x 162 = 201.06mm2
N = Ast = 603.2 = 3.1 ~ 4no.s

ast 201.06
Ast = 4 x π/4 x 162 = 804.25mm2
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
= 201.06 x 1500 = 374.9 ~ 490mm

804.25

2
Vu = 166.67 x 1.5 x 1.5-03 - 0.3

2
= 75kn
52
 u = vu/bd
75 X 103 = 0.17N/mm2
1500 X 300
Pt = 100ast
Bd
100 X 603.2 = 0.013%

1500 X 300
From table 19
 u = 0.28 n/mm 2
cmax = 2.8N/mm2
 u<  c
 p = qu x b2 - (b+d)2
4(b+d)d
 u = 166.67 1.52 - (0.3+0.3)2

4(0.3+0.3)0.3
=437kn/m2
=0.437n/mm2
 p > 0.25
Hence satisified
53
DEVELOPMENTLENGTH
Ld = 0.87fy
4  bd
 bd = 60% OF 1.12
160 X 1.12 = 1.92

100
Ld = 0.87 X 415
4 X 1.92
= 47.012mm
54
DESIGN OF FOOTING

Factored load(pu) = axial load X factory of safety
= 400 X 1.5
=600kn
fck = 20n/mm2
Fy = 415n/mm2
SIZE OF FOOTING
Areq = 1.1 X P
SBC
B2 = 1.1 X 400 = 2.2

200
B = 1.48 = 2.2
1.48 ~ 1.5 m
Provide 1.5m x 1.5m footing
Apro 1.5m X 1.5m

Size of footing is 1500mm X 1500mm

Qu = Pu
Apro
600 = 266.67kn/m2
1.5 X 1.5
DEPTH OF FOOTING
Mu = qu x b x (B-b2) X B
8
= 266.67 x (1.5 - 0.3)2 X 1.5

8
= 72kn.m
55
MU = 0.138 fck bd2
72 X 106 = 0.138 X 20 X 1500 X d2
d = 131.87mm ~ 140mm
d = 2d
= 2 x 140
= 280mm
d = 300mm
REINFORCEMENT
Calculation of Ast

fck bd
72 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast x 280 x 1- 415 x ast

20 x 1500 x 300
Ast = 739.204mm2
No of bars
Dia = 16mm
Ast = π/4 x 162 = 201.0mm2
n = Ast = 739.204 = 3.67 ~ 4 no

ast 201.06
Ast = 4 x π/4 x 162 = 804.2mm2
56
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
= 201.06 x 1500 = 375.1mm2

804.2
provide 16mm dia bars @350mm c/c

β+1
β = l/b = 1.5/1.5 = 1
Ast = 804.2mm2
No of bars
Dia = 10mm
Ast = π/4 x 162 = 201.06mm2
N = Ast = 804.2 = 3.99 ~ 5no.s

ast 201.06
Ast = 5 x π/4 x 162 = 1005.31mm2
SPACING
S = ast x B
Ast
= 201.06 x 1500 = 300 ~ 490mm

1005.31

2
Vu = 266.67 x 1.5 x 1.5-0.28 - 0.28

2
= 132kn
57
 u = vu/bd
132 X 103 = 0.314n/mm2

1500 X 280
P t = 100ast
Bd
100 X 804.2 = 0.19%

1500 X 280
From table 19
u = 0.28 n/mm2
cmax = 2.8N/mm2
 u<  c
 p = qu x b2 - (b+d)2
4(b+d)d
 u = 266.67 1.52 - (0.3+0.28)2

4(0.3+0.28)0.28
=785.56kn/m2
=0.785n/mm2
 p > 0.25
58
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Ld = 0.87fy
4  bd
 bd = 60% OF 1.12
 bd = 160 x 1.12 = 1.92n/mm2

100
ld = 0.87fy = 0.87 x 415

4  bd 4 x 1.92
= 47.01mm
Hence satisified
59
COLUMN 1
Design for column type C1
Load (P) = 100 KN
Factored load (Pu) = Load Factor of safety
= 100 1.5 = 150 KN
Characteristic strength of Concrete (fck) = 20 N/mm2
Yield strength of Steel (fy) = 415 N/mm2
One side of a column is restricted to 300mm
Asc = 0.8% Ag to 6 % Ag
Consider Asc = 1% Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Area of concrete,
Ac = Ag – Asc
= Ag - 0.01 Ag
Ac = 0.99 Ag
For Axially loaded columns,
Pu = 0.4 × fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc
150 ×103 = 0.4 × 20 × 0.99 Ag + 0.67 × 415 × 0.01 Ag
150 ×103 = 7.92 Ag + 2.78 Ag
150 ×103 = 10.70 Ag
Ag = 14,018 mm2
One side of column is fixed to 300mm.
Dimensions to the other side

Ag = b x d
쳌䁙㌳
d= = = 46.72mm
Adopt 300mm × 230mm column

Asc = 0.01 × Ag
= 0.01 × 14,018 = 140.18 mm2
60
Required area of steel = 140.18 mm2
Therefore, provide 4 bars of 12mm ∅
LATERAL TIES:
Diameter of lateral ties
∅
 쳌
= 쳌
= 3mm
 mm
Consider whichever is more.
Hence, adopt 6mm dia bars
PITCH OF LATERAL TIES:
1. Latest lateral dimension = 230mm

2. 16 x ∅ of longitudinal bar = 16 12 = 192mm
3. 300 mm
Therefore, provide 6mm lateral ties @ 190mm C/C
61
COLUMN 2
Design for column type C2:
Load (P) = 175 KN
= 175 1.5 = 262.5 KN
Asc = 0.8% Ag to 6 % Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Area of concrete,
Ac = Ag – Asc
= Ag - 0.01 Ag
Ac = 0.99 Ag
Pu = 0.4 × fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc
262.5 ×103 = 0.4 × 20 × 0.99 Ag + 0.67 × 415 × 0.01 Ag
262.5 ×103 = 7.92 Ag + 2.78 Ag
262.5 ×103 = 10.70 Ag
Ag = 24,532.71 mm2

Ag = b x d
쳌 䁙
d= = = 81.77 mm

Asc = 0.01 × Ag
= 0.01 × 24532.71 = 245.33 mm2
62
Therefore, provide 4 bars of 12 mm ∅
LATERAL TIES:
∅
 쳌
= 쳌
= 3 mm
 mm
Hence, adopt 6 mm dia bars
1. Latest lateral dimension = 230 mm

2. 16 x ∅ of longitudinal bar = 16 12 = 192 mm
4. 300 mm
Therefore, provide 6 mm lateral ties @ 190 mm C/C
63
COLUMN 3
Load (P) = 250 KN
= 250 1.5 = 375 KN
Asc = 0.8% Ag to 6 % Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Area of concrete,
Ac = Ag – Asc
= Ag - 0.01 Ag
Ac = 0.99 Ag
Pu = 0.4 × fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc
375 ×103 = 0.4 × 20 × 0.99 Ag + 0.67 × 415 × 0.01 Ag
375 ×103 = 7.92 Ag + 2.78 Ag
375 ×103 = 10.70 Ag
Ag = 35,046.7 mm2

Ag = b x d
쳌 䁙
d= = = 116.82 mm

Asc = 0.01 × Ag
= 0.01 × 35,046.7 = 350.5 mm2
64
LATERAL TIES:
∅
 쳌
= 쳌
= 3 mm
 mm

3. 300 mm
65
COLUMN 4
Load (P) = 400 KN
= 400 1.5 = 600 KN
Asc = 0.8% Ag to 6 % Ag
= 0.01 Ag
Area of concrete,
Ac = Ag – Asc
= Ag - 0.01 Ag
Ac = 0.99 Ag
Pu = 0.4 × fck Ac + 0.67 fy Asc
600 ×103 = 0.4 × 20 × 0.99 Ag + 0.67 × 415 × 0.01 Ag
600 ×103 = 7.92 Ag + 2.78 Ag
600 ×103 = 10.70 Ag
Ag = 56,074.76 mm2

Ag = b x d
쳌䁙
d= = = 186.9 mm

Asc = 0.01 × Ag
= 0.01 × 56074.76 = 560.74 mm2
66
LATERAL TIES:
∅
 쳌
= 쳌
= 3 mm
 mm

3. 300 mm
67

Ram Structural Report

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DESIGN THESIS

N. VENKATA RAMA REDDY

MAESTRO SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

Submitted for The Award of The Degree of

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada

N. VENKATA RAMA REDDY

Under the Guidance of

MAESTRO SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

ER. ADAM SHERIF.

AR. RAMCHANDER TIRUKANTI

ACADEMIC DIRECTOR PRINCIPAL

ER. EXTERNAL EXAMINER

MAESTRO SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

I would like to thank to Ar. RAMACHANDER (Director, MAESTRO SCHOOL OF

I am also thankful to my friends for their kind co-operation and support.

γm Partial Safety Factor

Ab Area of Each Bar

Ag Gross Area of Concrete

Ah Horizontal Seismic Coefficient

As c Area of Steel in Compression

Ast Area of Steel

Asv Area of Stirrups

E Young’s Modulus of Rigidity

Es Modulus of Elasticity of Steel

fck Characteristics Strength of Concrete

fy Characteristics Strength of Steel

fs Steel Stress of Service Load

I Importance Factor (For Base Shear Calculation)

Ip Polar Moment of Stiffness

Pc Percentage of Compression Reinforcement

Pt Percentage of Tension Reinforcement

Q Design Lateral Force

R Response Reduction Factor

Sa/g Average Response Acceleration Coefficient

Sv Spacing of Each Bar

T Torsional Moment due to Lateral Force

Ta Fundamental Natural Period of Vibrations

VB Design Seismic Base Shear

W Seismic Weight of Floor

Xu Actual Depth of Neutral Axis

Xul Ultimate Depth of Neutral Axis

D.L Dead Load

E.Q Earthquake Load

L.L Live Load

RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

TYPE OF THE PROJECT : NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DESIGN

BUILDING TYPE : INSTITUTION

STRUCTURAL TYPE : RCC

PLINTH AREA : 9725.45M2

FLOOR TO FLOOR HEIGHT

GROUND AND UPTO2ND FLOOR : 13.5M

TYPE OF SLAB 1) TWO WAY SLAB

2) ONE WAY SLAB

TYPE OF BEAM : FIXED BEAMS

TYPE OF STAIRCASE : DOGLEGGED, RAMP WITH STAIRCASE

TYPE OF FOUNDATION : PILE FOUNDATION

METHOD OF ANALYSIS : STATIC ANALYSIS (SAP 2000 V14)

DESIGN CONCEPT : LIMIT STATE DESIGN

DEAD LOAD : CALCULATED AS PER IS 857 PART I 1987

LIVE LOAD : CALCULATED AS PER IS 857 PART II 1987

SEISMIC LOAD : CALCULATED AS PER IS 1893 (PART I) 2002 USING

PRELIMINARY DESIGN : IS 456:2000