TECHNIP Issuer Book n° Chapter n° Rev.

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GUIDE DOCUMENT GE P312 3.4.5. o 1/3

PROCESS GUIDE S.S. 4.5 - Shipping - Reception

PART 3 - SECTION 4 CHAPTER I - General
OFFSITES

PROCESS GUIDE

PART 3 - SECTION 4 : OFFSITES

S.S. 4.5 - SHIPPING - RECEPTION

CHAPTER I - GENERAL

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GE 1 -ANG - rev. 0 - GEP312-3451-T.doc

 TECHNIP Issuer Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page
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PROCESS GUIDE S.S. 4.5 - Shipping - Reception

PART 3 - SECTION 4 CHAPTER I - General
OFFSITES

The production of a petroleum refinery can be shipped using various systems:

• Pipelines,
• Tank trucks
• Railway tank cars (wagons)
• Barges (inland canal or river transport)
• Tankers (sea transport)

Besides, petroleum products may be shipped in the following forms :

• As bulk, such as LPG, gasoline, gas oil, fuel oil, asphalt. Oil, paraffm and wax can also be
shipped as bulk.
• Packaged, such as finished oil, wax, asphalt and paraffm (drums, cans, paraffin and wax cakes).
Grease can also be conditioned for shipping.

This document only deals with conventional petroleum products delivered as bulk. Oil, paraffin
and grease packaging is the subject of another section.

Transfer systems conveying products to delivery and loading systems in shipping facilities vary
according to the size of the refinery, according to the market and to sales agreements.

To take seasonal sales variations into account, as well as possible simultaneous performance of
various shipping operations, and since shipping is not a continuous process (except through
pipelines), the shipping capacity of a refinery is always much higher than its processing capacity.

Besides, because loading points are sometimes distant from the refinery location and because
operations involved are usually both simple and repetitive, automatic systems are widely used.

Computer utilization purpose is to downsize operating staff in shipping stations, operating "Staff
being in charge of traffic and of the issue of routing orders in semi-automatic facilities.

Further automation may be contemplated, involving a central computer controlling loading

operations (arrangement of systems, pump starting and stoppage, etc.), as a function of data input
upon shipping request (loading flowrate, volume to be loaded, additives to be injected in products
to be shipped) and summing quantities of products shipped.

In addition, since shipping facilities are located at the level of the plant boundaries or outside
battery limits of the refinery, it is necessary :

• To take customs and tax requirements into account.

• To know to what extent utilities necessary for loading and shipping facilities (water and power)
are supplied by the refinery or by public networks.

GE 1 - ANG - rev. 0 - EGP312-3451-T.doc

 TECHNIP Issuer Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page
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PROCESS GUIDE S.S. 4.5 - Shipping - Reception

PART 3 - SECTION 4 CHAPTER I - General
OFFSITES

The duties of the Process Department of the Engineering Company in charge of the design and
construction of these facilities are quite limited. These duties shall mainly consist in drawing up
specifications for the following items from the process point of view:

• Shipping pumps.
• Pump suction lines and shipping lines.
• Process elements in loading stations (see paragraph 4, Process Specifications for Loading
Stations).
• Instruments.

Issues such as traffic inside the station, automatic devices ensuring loading operation safety,
control and printing out of quantities loaded, are not within the scope of the duties of the Process
Department.

Regarding reception, crude oil is usually the only product concerned. However, it may happen that
products from other refmeries need to be stored in the refmery : intermediate products to be
processed (feedstock make-up for some units, finished products if another refmery does not have
sufficient storage facilities).

Products may be transferred from a refinery to another one through any conventional means
(seldom by truck, except if only small quantities are concerned).

GE 1 - ANG - rev. 0 - EGP312-3451-T.doc