15/06/2010

15/06/2010
Objectives Overview
Differentiate among various Describe the control unit

Identify chips, adapter
styles of system units on and arithmetic logic unit
cards, and other
desktop computers, components of a processor,
components of a
notebook computers, and and explain the four steps in
motherboard
mobile devices a machine cycle
Discovering
Identify characteristics of
various personal computer Define a bit and describe Explain how program
Computers 2010
processors on the market how a series of bits instructions transfer in and
today, and describe the represents data out of memory
ways processors are cooled
Living in a Digital World
See Page 209 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 2

for Detailed Objectives Chapter 4
Objectives Overview The System Unit
• The system unit is a case that contains electronic

Differentiate between a port and components of the computer used to process data
Describe the purpose and types
a connector, and explain the
of expansion slots and adapter
Differentiate among the various differences among a USB port,
cards, and differentiate among
types of memory FireWire port, Bluetooth port,
slots for various removable flash
SCSI port, eSATA port, IrDA port,
memory devices
serial port, and MIDI port
Explain the purpose of a power Understand how to clean a

Describe the types of buses in a
supply and describe how it keeps system unit on a computer or
computer
cool mobile device
See Page 209 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 3 Page 210 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 4
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 4 Figure 4-1 Chapter 4
The System Unit The System Unit
• The inside of the system unit on a desktop • The motherboard is the main circuit board of the
personal computer includes: system unit
Drive bay(s) – A computer chip contains integrated circuits
Power supply
Sound card
Video card
Processor
Memory
Page 211 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 5 Page 212 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 6
Figure 4-2 Chapter 4 Figure 4-3 Chapter 4
1
15/06/2010
Processor Processor
• The processor, also called the central processing

unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
– Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit
(ALU)
Multi-core Dual-core Quad-core

processor processor processor
Chapter 4 Figure 4-4 Chapter 4
Processor Processor
• The control unit is the component of the • For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of
processor that directs and coordinates most of four basic operations, which comprise a machine
the operations in the computer cycle
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 4, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Control Unit
below Chapter 4
Processor Processor
• Most current personal

computers support The processor contains registers, that
pipelining temporarily hold data and instructions
– Processor begins
fetching a second
instruction before it
completes the machine
The system clock controls the timing
cycle for the first of all computer operations
instruction
• The pace of the system clock is called the clock
speed, and is measured in gigahertz (GHz)
Pages 215 – 216 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 11 Page 216 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 12
Figure 4-6 Chapter 4 Chapter 4
2
15/06/2010
Processor Processor
• The leading • Determine how you plan to use a new computer

manufacturers of before selecting a processor
personal computer
processor chips are Intel
and AMD

then click Multi-Core
Processors below Chapter 4
Processor Processor
• A processor chip • Parallel processing uses multiple processors

generates heat that simultaneously to execute a single program or task
could cause the chip to – Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of
burn up processors
• Require additional
cooling
– Heat sinks
– Liquid cooling
technology
then click Liquid Cooling
below Chapter 4
Pages 219 - 220 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 15 Page 220 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 16
Figures 4-9 – 4-10 Chapter 4 Figure 4-11 Chapter 4
Data Representation Data Representation

A computer circuit represents Eight bits grouped together as a
Analog signals are continuous and vary in the 0 or the 1 electronically by
the presence or absence of an
unit are called a byte. A byte
represents a single character in
strength and quality electrical charge the computer
Digital signals are in one of two states: on

or off
• Most computers are digital
• The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
• Bits and bytes
Chapter 4 Figures 4-12 – 4-13 Chapter 4
3
15/06/2010
Data Representation Data Representation
• ASCII (American
Standard Code for
Information
Interchange) is the most
widely used coding
scheme to represent
data
Memory Memory
• Memory consists of electronic components that • Each location in memory has an address
store instructions waiting to be executed by the • Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),
processor, data needed by those instructions, and megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes
the results of processing the data (TB)
• Stores three basic categories of items:
Data being
The operating
Application processed and the
system and other
programs resulting
system software
information
Memory Memory
• The system unit contains two types of memory:
Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory
Loses its contents when Does not lose contents

power is turned off when power is removed
Examples include ROM,

Example includes RAM flash memory, and
CMOS
4
15/06/2010
Memory Memory
• Three basic types of RAM chips exist: • RAM chips usually reside on a memory module
Dynamic RAM Magnetoresistive and are inserted into memory slots
Static RAM (SRAM)
(DRAM) RAM (MRAM)
Memory Memory
• The amount of RAM necessary in a computer • Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer
often depends on the types of software you plan because it stores frequently used instructions and data
to use

then click Windows
ReadyBoost below Chapter 4
Memory Memory
• Flash memory can be erased electronically and

Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips rewritten
storing permanent data and instructions
– CMOS technology provides high speeds and consumes
• Firmware little power
A PROM (programmable read-only memory) chip is a
blank ROM chip that can be written to permanently
• EEPROM can be erased

then click ROM
below Chapter 4
Page 228 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 29 Pages 228 – 229 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 30
5
15/06/2010
Memory Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• Access time is the amount of time it takes the • An expansion slot is a

socket on the motherboard
processor to read from memory that can hold an adapter
– Measured in nanoseconds card
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of
the system unit and/or
provides connections to
peripherals
– Sound card and video card
then click Video Cards
below Chapter 4
Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically • Removable flash memory includes:
can configure adapter cards and other peripherals – Memory cards, USB flash drives, and PC
as you install them Cards/ExpressCard modules
Ports and Connectors Ports and Connectors
A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or

communicates with a system unit (sometimes referred
to as a jack)
A connector joins a cable to a port

then click Digital Audio Port
below Chapter 4
6
15/06/2010
• On a notebook computer, the ports are on the

back, front, and/or sides
• A USB port can connect up to 127 different • Other types of ports include:
peripherals together with a single connector
Firewire Bluetooth
– You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB SCSI port
port port
port with a USB hub
eSATA
IrDA port Serial port
port

MIDI port
then click USB Ports
below Chapter 4
Page 234 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 39 Pages 234 - 236 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 40

A Bluetooth wireless port A smart phone might • A port replicator is an
adapter converts a USB port into communicate with a notebook external device that
a Bluetooth port computer using an IrDA port provides connections to
peripherals through ports
built into the device
• A docking station is an
external device that
attaches to a mobile
computer or device

then click Docking Station
below Chapter 4
7
15/06/2010
Buses Buses
• A bus allows the various • Expansion slots connect to expansion buses

devices both inside and
attached to the system • Common types of expansion buses include:
unit to communicate with
each other PCI Express Accelerated
– Data bus PCI bus
bus Graphics Port
– Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a USB and
PC Card bus
given time Click to view Web Link,
FireWire bus
then click FireWire
below Chapter 4
Bays Power Supply
• A bay is an opening
inside the system unit in
which you can install
The power supply converts the wall
additional equipment outlet AC power into DC power
– A drive bay typically
holds disk drives
Some external peripherals have an AC
adapter, which is an external power
supply
Putting It All Together Putting It All Together
Home Small Office/ Mobile Power Enterprise

Intel Core 2 Duo or Intel Home Office Intel Core 2 Extreme or Intel Itanium 2 or AMD Intel Core 2 Quad or
Celeron Dual Core or Intel Core 2 Quad or AMD Turion X2 Quad Core Opteron or Intel Core 2 Extreme or
AMD Sempron Intel Core 2 Extreme or Intel Quad Core Xeon or AMD Athlon FX or AMD
AMD Athlon FX or AMD Sun UltraSPARC T2 Athlon X2 Dual-Core
Athlon X2 Dual-Code Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Minimum RAM: 2 GB
Minimum RAM: 8 GB Minimum RAM: 4 GB
Minimum RAM: 4 GB
8
15/06/2010
Keeping Your Computer

or Mobile Device Clean
Video: The Leopard with a Time Machine
Clean your computer or mobile device once or twice a year
Turn off and unplug your computer or mobile device before

cleaning it
Use compressed air to blow away dust
Use an antistatic wipe to clean the exterior of the case and a

cleaning solution and soft cloth to clean the screen
CLICK TO START
Page 240 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 49 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 50
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
Summary
Sequence of operations
How memory stores
Components of the that occur when a
data, instructions, and
system unit computer executes an
information
instruction
Comparison of various
personal computer
How to clean the Discovering
Computers 2010
exterior and interior of
processors on the
a system unit
market today
Living in a Digital World
Page 241 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 51

Chapter 4 Complete
Chapter 4

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15/06/2010

Differentiate among various Describe the control unit

See Page 209 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 2

Objectives Overview The System Unit

• The system unit is a case that contains electronic

Explain the purpose of a power Understand how to clean a

The System Unit The System Unit

• The processor, also called the central processing

Multi-core Dual-core Quad-core

Click to view Web Link,

• Most current personal

• The leading • Determine how you plan to use a new computer

Click to view Web Link,

• A processor chip • Parallel processing uses multiple processors

Data Representation Data Representation

Digital signals are in one of two states: on

Data Representation Data Representation

• The system unit contains two types of memory:

Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory

Loses its contents when Does not lose contents

Examples include ROM,

Click to view Web Link,

• Flash memory can be erased electronically and

Click to view Web Link,

Memory Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

• Access time is the amount of time it takes the • An expansion slot is a

Ports and Connectors Ports and Connectors

A port is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or

A connector joins a cable to a port

Click to view Web Link,

Ports and Connectors Ports and Connectors

• On a notebook computer, the ports are on the

Ports and Connectors Ports and Connectors

Click to view Web Link,

Ports and Connectors Ports and Connectors

Click to view Web Link,

• A bus allows the various • Expansion slots connect to expansion buses

Bays Power Supply

Putting It All Together Putting It All Together

Home Small Office/ Mobile Power Enterprise

Keeping Your Computer

Clean your computer or mobile device once or twice a year

Turn off and unplug your computer or mobile device before

Use compressed air to blow away dust

Use an antistatic wipe to clean the exterior of the case and a

Page 241 Discovering Computers 2010: Living in a Digital World 51

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