Business Studies Min PDF

ZIMBABWE
MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
BUSINESS STUDIES
SYLLABUS
FORMS 5 - 6
2015 - 2022
Curriculum Development and Technical Services

P. O. Box MP 133
Mount Pleasant
Harare
© All Rrights Reserved

2015
Business Studies Syllabus Forms 5 - 6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education would like to acknowledge the following:
• The National Business and Enterprise Skills Syllabus Panel

• Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC)
• Polytechnic and Teacher Training Institutions Representatives
• Universities Representatives
• Department of Psychomotor Activities in Education
• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
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CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................................................... i
CONTENTS............................................................................................................................................... ii
1.0 PREAMBLE........................................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 PRESENTATION OF SYLLABUS...................................................................................................... 2
3.0 TOPICS............................................................................................................................................... 2
4.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE.................................................................................................................. 3
5.0 COMPETENCY MATRIX..................................................................................................................... 7
FORM 5 SYLLABUS................................................................................................................................ 7
FORM 6 SYLLABUS................................................................................................................................. 24
ASSESSMENT.......................................................................................................................................... 36
ii
1.0 PREAMBLE The need to impart skills such as, enterprising, leader-
ship, decision making, communication, team working and
problem solving, should influence the choice of teaching
1.1 Introduction
and learning methods in Business Studies. Therefore,
the syllabus encourages learner-centred methods and
Zimbabwe adopted various empowerment measures
approaches. Learners are encouraged to participate in
such as the indigenization policy to address previous
projects and field trips which should allow them to acquire
economic imbalances. This move has empowered indig-
business skills and exposure.
enous people to become active participants in economic
development. The Business studies syllabus therefore
The following are suggested teaching and learning meth-
intends to sustainably consolidate government efforts
ods:-
through developing learners’ skills in decision making,
• Demonstrations
problem solving, quantification and management of
• Case studies
information, effective communication, leadership, re-
• Educational tours
source management and enterprising. The syllabus will
• Research
enable future entrepreneurs to adapt to dynamic eco-
• School on the shop-floor
nomic, political and cultural environments through the
• Group work
use of acquired knowledge, competencies and skills, thus
• Role play
promoting self-reliance, and sustainable socio-economic
• Seminars
development.
• Presentations
• Debates
The Business Studies syllabus is a two – year learning
• E-Learning
area covering Forms 5 and 6.
• Project work
1.2 Rationale
1.4.2 Time Allocation
The dynamic business environment in Zimbabwe and
To enable adequate coverage of the content, Form 5 and
beyond demands enterprisers with a practical approach
6 learners should be allocated at least eight periods of at
to business. Thus the study of Business Studies equips
least thirty-five minutes per week.
learners with practical business skills such as: Decision
making, Problem solving, Creativity and innovation, Com-
Learners should have an educational tour, a seminar and
munication, Leadership, Self-management and Team
a school on the shop-floor, at least once per term.
working. This will empower learners to operate success-
ful businesses in the ever-changing socio-economic, cul-
tural, political and technological environments. Business
studies promotes economic empowerment, social equity
1.5 Assumptions
and employment creation for the enhancement of self-re-
It is assumed that learners:
liance and economic growth.
• have acquired commercial knowledge and busi-

1.3 Summary of Content ness enterprise skills from previous studies.
• are constantly interacting with business activities at
This syllabus covers theory and practical activities for the
various levels.
learners in Business Studies in areas such as business
• have a desire to create wealth for themselves
environmental analysis, human resources management,
through running their own businesses.
operations management, finance and accounting man-
• desire to economically contribute to community
agement, business communication, Information Com-
and the nation at large
munication Technology (ICT), project management and
• have access to some means of production such as
decision making.
land
• are aware of the prevailing business environment
1.4 Methodology and Time Allocation • interact with ICT tools.
1.4.1 Methodology
1
1.6 CROSS CUTTING THEMES decision making

• Demonstrate cultural values through unhu/ubuntu/
The teaching and learning of Business Studies will en- vumunhu in business practices
compass the following cross cutting themes:
3.0 TOPICS
• Information Communication Technology (ICT)
• Environmental issues The syllabus topics are as follows:
• Collaboration
• Disaster risk management • Business and its Environment
• Financial literacy • ICT in Business
• Heritage • Business Planning and Project Development
• Unhu/ubuntu /vumunhu • Human Resources Management
• Business Communication
• Marketing
2.0 PRESENTATION OF • Operations Management
• Business Finance and Accounting
SYLLABUS
The syllabus is presented as a single document catering
for Forms 5 – 6.
2. 1 Syllabus Aims
This syllabus aims to enable learners to:
• participate in the business process within the

economy, as an enterpriser and as an investor
• acquire enterprise skills and attitudes necessary to
be successful in business
• develop business leadership, technical and vo-
cational skills in socio-economic sphere through
active participation in the economy
• create a new business project that can be turned
into a sustainable business venture
• appreciate the economic, environmental, ethical,
governmental, legal, social, technological and
other issues associated with business activity
Objectives
By the end of the two-year learning period, learners

should be able to:
• demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the

concepts acquired in business studies
• evaluate environmental factors influencing busi-
ness
• transform an idea into a business venture
• apply fundamental business concepts as a means
of personal development
• demonstrate critical inquiry skills that enable them
to build relationships with other innovators, enter-
prisers and the community at large
• apply acquired knowledge, skills and techniques in
2
 Human Resources Management
 Business Communication
 Marketing
 Operations Management
 Business Finance and Accounting
4.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
4.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
TOPIC 1: BUSINESS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
TOPIC 1: BUSINESS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
FORM 5 FORM 6
 Introduction to Business  International trade

 Types of Business Environments  Causes of Business Failure
 Size and Growth of Business
 Business aims and objectives
 Business Constraints
 ICT in business
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TOPIC 2 BUSINESS FORMULATION AND PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
FORM 5 FORM 6
Purpose of a business plan • Formulation of project
How to prepare a business plan • Tools for decision making
Components of a business plan • Project
Meaning of Project,
Project Formulation:
TOPIC 3 PEOPLE IN ORGANISATIONS
FORM 5 FORM 6
 Management  Organisational Structure
 Leadership  Human Resources Management
 Motivation 
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FORM
Business 5
Studies Syllabus Forms 5 - 6 FORM 6
FORM 5 FORM 6
TOPIC 4 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
TOPIC 4 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
FORM 5 FORM 6
FORM 5 FORM 6
 Purpose of communication  Barriers to communication
 Channels
Purpose ofofcommunication
communication Barriers
 Role to communication
of management in facilitating communication
 Methods communication
Channelsofofcommunication  Role of management in facilitating communication
 Methods of communication
TOPIC 5: MARKETING
TOPIC 5: MARKETING
FORM 5 FORM 6
FORM 5 FORM 6
 Evolution of marketing  Marketing mix and marketing strategies
Evolution
 Market of marketing
analysis  Marketing
Impact mix and
of ICTs marketing strategies
in marketing
Market analysis
 Marketing research  Impact of ICTs in marketing
 Demand research
Marketingand Supply concepts
 Demand and Supply concepts
TOPIC 6: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

TOPIC 6: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
FORM 5 FORM 6
FORM 5 FORM 6
 Nature of operations  Operational efficiency
 Nature of operations
Operations planning/organizing production  Operational efficiency
Quality management
 Operations planning/organizing production  Quality management
Inventory management
 Inventory management
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5
TOPIC 7 : BUSINESS FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING

 Business finance  Accounting
 Financial markets
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5.0 COMPETENCY MATRIX

5.0 COMPETENCY MATRIX
FORM 5 SYLLABUS
FORM 5 SYLLABUS
5.1 BUSINESS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES

learners should be able to: CONTENT NOTES
 Charts
Introduction to  explain the need for business  Need for business such  Explaining the reasons for starting a  Recommended
business as, self-sustenance, business textbooks
economic growth,  Case studies
employment creation  ICT tools: internet
etc.  Newspaper
 identify levels business activity  Levels of business  Classifying business activities cuttings
 explain each level of business activity:-primary,  Suggesting examples of businesses  Relevant statutory
activity secondary, tertiary at each level instruments
 describe industrialisation  Industrialisation
 identify sectors of business  Classifying business organisations

into public and private sector
 explain types of business  Business organisations:  Explaining each type of business

organisations  Private, such as organization
sole trader;
 describe the legal process of partnership, co-  Explaining the legal requirements in
forming a business operatives forming the business
 explain advantages and  Public limited  Evaluating each type of business
disadvantages of different business companies organization
organisations  Changes in business
ownership –privatisation
and nationalisation
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 describe the characteristics of  Business and economic  Explaining the characteristics of

economic systems system – free command each economic systems
and mixed economy
 evaluate each economic systems  Assessing the advantages and
disadvantages of each economic
systems
Types of  identify business environments  Macro environment:  Explaining the types of business  Recommended
business  explain business environments such as political, environments textbooks
environments economic, legal,
technological  Evaluating the types of business
 give examples of business  Micro environment: such environments
environments as capital, skills,
workers
 identify business stakeholders  Business stakeholders  Discussing examples of business
stakeholders
Size and Growth  outline methods of measuring  Ways of measuring  Discussing ways of measuring sizes of  Recommended
of Business businesses businesses: size of businesses textbooks
 explain the methods of measuring capital, number of  Measuring size of businesses of their  Charts
businesses employees, size of choice using methods learnt  Case studies
 apply at least one method of market share  ICT tools: internet
measuring business size to a  Newspaper
business enterprise of their choice cuttings
 explain the importance of small  Significance of small  Evaluating the importance of small
&medium enterprises (SMEs) businesses in an &medium enterprises (SMEs) in
economy Zimbabwe.
 describe problems faced by small  Problems faced by  Discussing problems faced by

&medium enterprises (SMEs) small &medium small &medium enterprises (SMEs)
enterprises (SMEs)in in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
 suggest solutions to problems  Solutions to problems  Suggesting solutions to problems

faced by small &medium faced by small faced by small &medium
enterprises (SMEs) &medium enterprises enterprises (SMEs)
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(SMEs)
 evaluate State intervention to  State interventions to  Evaluating ways by which State
businesses assist and constrain assist or constrain businesses
businesses of different
sizes
 explain advantages and  Advantages and  Discussing the advantages and

disadvantages of a business being disadvantages of small disadvantages of a business being
small or large and large businesses small or large
 identify the methods of business  Forms of Business  Discussing forms of business growth
growth growth: merger,
 evaluate methods of business takeover, vertical and
growth horizontal integration
Business Aims  explain business aims and  business aims and  discussing business aims and  Recommended
and Objectives objectives objectives objectives textbooks
 explain the hierarchy of objectives  Hierarchy of business  Describing the hierarchy of  Charts
objectives: strategic objectives  Local
operational, tactical businesses(case
 describe the characteristics of  Characteristics of  Discussing characteristics of studies)
business objectives business objectives business objectives
 explain the types of business  Types of business  Describing types of business
objectives objectives: such as objectives
survival, growth, profit
maximisation
 discuss the importance of business  Importance of business  Outlining importance of business

objectives objectives objectives
 examine conflict of business  Conflict of business  Discussing conflict of business

objectives objectives objectives
 Visiting local business to investigate
their business objectives
 explain constraints that influence  Business constraints  Discussing constraints that influence
business objectives business objectives
 explain business ethics and  Business ethics and  Describing the importance of
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corporate social responsibility corporate social business ethics and corporate social
responsibility. responsibility
 assess the importance of business  Discussing the importance of
ethics business ethics
 assess the importance of corporate
social responsibility to a business  Evaluating the importance of
and to the community. corporate social responsibility to a
business and to the community
ICT in Business  identify ICT resources  ICT resources  Group discussions on the  Recommended
Importance of ICT in business text books
functional areas  Newspapers
 ICT tools
 explain the role of ICT in business  Role of ICT in business  Journals
 Charts
 analyse the usefulness of ICT in  Advantages and  Debating on advantages and
business disadvantages of IT disadvantages of ICT in business
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5.2 BUSINESS FORMULATION &PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

5.2 BUSINESS FORMULATION &PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CONTENT SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES

learners should be able to: NOTES
Purpose of a  explain the purpose of a Business plan  Describing the purpose of a  Recommended textbooks
business business plan. business plan.
plan-  The need and purpose of a  Dramatizing importance of a  Specimen of a business plan
business plan. business plan.
 Use of software packages
 analyse components of a Business plan specimen  listing components of a  Recommended textbooks
Components business plan  Executive summary business plan  Specimen of a business plan
of a business  Organizational background  Describing components of a  ICT Tools such as Microsoft
plan  Products business plan. Publisher
 Market analysis  Evaluating importance of each
 Strategy and implementation component of the business
 Management plan.
 Financial plan
 develop a business plan  Business plan  Crafting a business plan
Business  explain a business project  Business Project  Discussing a business project  Internet
Project  Recommended textbooks
Business  design a project plan  Project identification  Preparing a business project.  Internet
Project  develop a business project  Project formulation:  Business magazines/journals
Formulation from a business idea of their  recommended textbooks
choice.  Project proposal
 Project plan
 Implementation
 evaluation
Tools for  construct network diagram,  Tools for business decision  Describing the different tools  Internet
decision making Network Analysis, for decision making  Recommended textbooks
making  Elements of a network  Construction of a network from  Audio notes
diagram such as dummy given data  Slides
activities and nodes,  Calculating the following:
critical paths o Earliest Starting Time
(EST), Latest Finishing
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Time (LFT), minimum

project duration
 Identifying critical and non-
critical path.
 construct a decision tree  Decision tree  Constructing a decision tree
diagram diagram
 evaluate the alternatives  Discussing alternatives from a

from a decision tree. decision tree
 tabulate the costs and  Cost benefit analysis  evaluating costs and benefits
benefits of a given project of a given project
 apply decision making tools  Evaluating the usefulness of

to make decisions each decision making tool.
5.3 5.3 PEOPLE IN ORGANISATIONS

PEOPLE IN ORGANISATIONS
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVE CONTENT ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

learners should be able to:
Management  describe management  Management functions  Discussing the concept of  Recommended text books
management  Newspapers
 Charts
 explain management  Discussing management  ICT tools
functions functions
 describe managerial roles  Managerial roles  Role playing depicting
functions of management
 apply managerial roles in  Applying managerial roles in
different situations business cases
 analyse different  Management theories  Examining theories of

management theories management
 apply management  Evaluating the applicability of

theories to today’s management theories
business 15
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Leadership  distinguish between  Leadership vs management  Discussing differences  Recommended textbooks
leadership and between leadership and  Tangible resources
management management  Charts with resources
 identify leadership qualities  Leadership qualities  Outlining leadership qualities
 explain leadership styles  Leadership styles  Describing leadership styles

 recommend appropriate  Evaluating appropriateness of
leadership styles to leadership styles
different situations
 Assessing the contribution of
 Analyse relevance of  Theories of leadership such leadership theories to
leadership theories in as McGregor’s Theory X leadership
organisations and Theory Y
 describe leadership roles  Leadership roles such as  Explaining leadership roles

supervisors, managers,  Role playing showing different
directors, worker leadership styles
representatives
 explain informal leadership  Informal leadership  Describing informal leadership
 Assessing the roles of informal
 discuss the role of informal leadership in an organisation
leadership in an
organisation
 identify needs that people  Understanding human  Explaining human needs

seek to satisfy in the work needs
situation
 explain the importance of  Importance of motivation  Discussing importance of

Motivation motivation  Recommended textbooks
motivation
 Charts
 describe various theories of  Theories of motivation such  Discussing theories of
motivation as Maslow, Taylor, Herzberg motivation  ICT tools
and Mayo
 assess the relevance of
 Analysing the relevance of
motivation theories to
human resources motivation theories to human
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management resources management
 distinguish between  Discussing the difference

financial and non-financial between financial and non
motivation  Financial and non-financial financial motivation methods
motivation
 discuss financial and non-  Evaluating methods of
financial methods of
motivation
motivation
 suggest appropriate
motivation methods for
given circumstances
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5.4 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
5.4 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: learners CONTENT SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
should be able to: AND NOTES
Purpose of  explain the situations in which  Purpose of communication.  Discussing the importance  Recommended
communication communication is essential. of communication. textbook
 Cell phones,
 Laptops.
Channels of  examine the communication  Communication process model  Drawing the  Recommended
communication process model communication process textbook
model
 evaluate channels of  Channels of communication.  Role playing to  Chart showing different
communication in an - Horizontal (lateral) demonstrate the channels of
organization. - Vertical communication process communication
- One way  Discussing channels of
- Two way communication  ICT tools
 discuss problems associated with
different channels of
communication
 suggest solutions to  Suggesting solutions to
communication problems problems associated with
different channels of
communication
Methods of  evaluate methods of  Methods of communication such  Researching on methods  Recommended
communication communication as: of communication textbooks
- Written methods  ICT tool posters.
- Oral / verbal  Chart showing
- Visual methods of
 examine the appropriateness of  Communication media such as:  Identifying strengths and communication
each method to given - Newspapers weaknesses of different  Cell phone
circumstances - Radios methods of communication
 examine effectiveness of - Cell phones
communication media
 explain factors influencing choice  Communicating using
of communication media different forms and media.
Effective  examine barriers to effective  Effective communication  Explaining the barriers to 
communication communication - barriers effective communication o .
- ways of reducing barriers .  Newspapers
 suggest solutions to barriers to  Examining ways to reduce  Recommended
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effective communication barriers to effective textbooks

communication  charts
 Discussing role of
management in facilitating  ICT tools
effective communication.
 distinguish between formal and  Formal and Informal  Differentiating formal and
informal communication communication. informal communication  recommended
using examples textbooks,
 evaluate the importance of  Role playing informal and
informal communication in an formal communication  ICT tools
organisation activities
 Discussing ways in which
informal communication
can influence the efficiency
of a business.
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5.5 MARKETING

Learners should be able to NOTES
:
Meaning of  describe marketing and  The evolution of marketing  Brainstorming on the meaning of  Recommended
marketing and e-marketing  E-Marketing marketing and e-marketing, text books
forms of demand and forecasting  Newspapers
markets  analyse the relationship  Marketing vs other functional  Discussing the link between  ICT tools
between marketing departments in an organisation marketing and other functional  Journals
department and other departments  Charts
functional departments  Research
in an organization instruments
Market analysis  analyse the market.  Market analysis such as:  Researching on market analysis
 Market size  Calculating market share
 Market share  Discussing the appropriateness of
 Market segmentation market segmentation
 Competitors
 Location
 distinguish between  Niche and mass marketing  Differentiating between niche and
niche and mass mass marketing
marketing  Evaluating importance of niche and
mass marketing
Marketing  evaluate market  Market research: primary and secondary  Discussing market research
research research tools and methods
process.  Sampling methods such as random,  Selecting appropriate sampling
stratified, quota methods to collect data
 Methods of information gathering such  Collecting data using different tools
as questionnaires, interviews
 calculate measures of  Calculating measures of central

 Data analysis and evaluation : Measures
central tendency &
of central tendency & measures of tendency and dispersion  Recommended
measures of dispersion text books
dispersion
 Newspapers
 apply measures of  Analysing measures of central  ICT tools
central tendency and tendency and dispersion to make  Journals
dispersion in decision decisions  Charts
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Learners should be able to NOTES
:
making Research
instruments
 make decisions from  Data presentation such as tables,  Presenting data in different forms
research results graphs pie charts  Analysing research results
 Interpreting research results
 Using the information to make
decisions
 explain methods of  Sales forecasting techniques:  Discussing sales forecasting
sales forecasting.  Quantitative such as time series techniques
 Qualitative such as delphi  Analysing importance of sales
forecasting techniques in decision
making
 analyse the  Determinants of demand and supply  Listing the determinants of demand
determinants of demand and supply
and supply
 explain the concept of  Elasticity of demand concepts such as;  Calculating of elasticity of demand
elasticity  price
 apply the elasticity of  income  Illustrating elasticity of demand
demand concepts in  cross  Interpreting elasticity of demand
marketing decisions  promotional spending
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5.6 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

5.6 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Nature of  evaluate stages of production  Stages of production  Explaining the stages of  Recommended
operations  Primary production textbooks,
 Secondary
 Tertiary  Visiting companies  charts,
involved in primary,
secondary and tertiary  ICT tools
activities
 explain the production function  Production and Productivity  Describing the

production function
 Production function (inputs,  Commenting on the

processes & outputs) relationship between
 value addition costs of inputs and
 Labour productivity value of outputs
 make decisions based on labour  Capital productivity  Calculating labour and
and capital productivity capital productivity
 explain how to increase  Ways of increasing  Suggesting ways of

productivity productivity increasing productivity
 explain ways of increasing  Effectiveness and efficiency  Differentiating between

effectiveness and efficiency effectiveness and
efficiency
 Discussing ways of
increasing
effectiveness and
efficiency
 explain value analysis  Value analysis (value engineering)  Evaluating the
importance of value
analysis in operations
management
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Operations  evaluate different production  Production methods:  Describing different  Recommended

planning/organizing methods - Job production methods textbooks
production - Batch  Discussing challenges  Charts
- Flow faced when changing  Print media
- line from one production  Production plants
- Continuous method to another
 Assessing
appropriateness of
production methods to
different circumstances
 Visiting different
production plants
Production function  explain how a business can  Organizing the production function  Discussing how a
organize its production function such as: business can organize
- Kaizen-continuous its productive function
improvement
 explain capacity utilization  Capacity utilization  Describing capacity

utilization
 explain ways of increasing  Ways of increasing capacity  Calculating capacity
capacity utilization utilization utilisation
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 Discussing ways of
increasing capacity
utilization
 identify factors that determine  Locational decisions  Describing in groups
(a)location (b)relocation  factors that determine factors that determine
(a)location (a)location (b)relocation
(b)relocation
 qualitative such as
Geographical , Legal, Political,
 quantitative such as
costs, capital
Production Costing  justify the need for cost data  Cost data  Justifying the need for
- The need for cost data cost data
 apply approaches to costing in  Approaches to costing  Explaining approaches

assigned projects - Absorption costing to costing
- Contribution costing  applying various
costing methods to
given projects
 calculating costs using
absorption and
contribution costing
Break even  illustrate the break-even chart  Break-even analysis  Constructing the break-
analysis even chart
 Determining the
breakeven point,
margin of safety, profit
or loss region
 explain the benefits and  Discussing the benefits
limitations of the break-even and limitations of the
analysis. break-even analysis as
a decision making tool
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BUSINESS FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING

BUSINESS FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING
TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CONTENT SUGGESTED RESOURCES
Learners should be able to : ACTIVITIES AND NOTES
Business finance  explain the importance of - Need for business finance such as:  Brain storming on  Recommended text
finance in business - Start- up capital importance of finance books
- business expansion in business  Newspapers
 ICT tools
 Journals
 differentiate between - Capital expenditure and Revenue  Discussing the  Charts
capital expenditure and expenditure difference between
revenue expenditure capital expenditure
and revenue
expenditure
 explain the significance of - Working Capital:  Commenting on the

working capital - Meaning, significance of working
- significance capital
 assess the importance of - management  Discussing the
managing working capital - control importance of
controlling working
capital
 manage working capital  Controlling working
capital on running
projects.
Financial markets  evaluate various sources  Assessing
of finance  Sources of finance: appropriateness of
- short and long term various sources of
- internal & external finance
 Drivers (factors) influencing the choice
of finance;
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TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CONTENT SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Learners should be able to : ACTIVITIES AND NOTES
 distinguish between  Money and Capital Markets such as:  Researching on
money and capital markets functions of money
- The Zimbabwe Stock Exchange and capital markets
 explain the functions of - Commercial banks  Describing functions
financial markets in the of money and capital
practice of business markets
 Discussing the
functions of money
and capital markets
such as the
Zimbabwe Stock
Exchange (ZSE)
 Visiting financial
markets to interact
with its players.
 explain the role of  International financial institutions such as  Assessing the

international financial African Development Bank (AfDB), importance of
institutions World Bank & IMF international financial
institutions
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23
FORM 6 SYLLABUS
FORM 6 SYLLABUS

International trade  outline importance of  Importance of international trade  Discussing importance  Recommended
international trade  Imports and exports of international trade textbooks
 describe balance of  Balance of payments  Explaining balance of

payments payments
 explain importance of  Regional Economic integration such as  Discussing importance
economic integration and SADC, ECOWAS, COMESA of economic
international trading links integration and
international trade
links
 identify trade barriers  Trade barriers  Examining the effect

 explain how trade barriers of trade barriers to
affect business businesses
 analyse solutions to reduce  Suggesting different
effects of trade barriers options that reduce
effects of trade
barriers.
 examine benefits of  Multinational companies  Assessing the
multinational companies to  Benefits significance of
both the host country and  Challenges multinational
home country companies to both the
 identify problems posed by host and home
MNCs to host countries country
 identify problems faced by
MNCs when operating in
foreign land.  Globalisation  Explaining
 describe globalization globalization
 assess advantages and
disadvantages of  Evaluating effects of
30
24

globalisation globalisation
Management by  explain management by  Management by objectives  Describing

objectives objectives management by
objectives
 examine benefits and  Discussing benefits
limitations of management and limitations of
by objectives management by
limitations
 examine appropriateness of  Analyzing
management by objectives appropriateness of
to given situations management by
objectives to given
situations
 Role playing
management by
objectives
Causes of  identify causes of business  Causes of business failure  Citing cases of failed
business failure failure businesses familiar to
the learners
 analyse ways of reducing  Discussing causes of
business failure business failure
 Suggesting ways of
reducing business
failure
31
25
5.8 PEOPLE IN ORGANISATIONS

5.8 PEOPLE IN ORGANISATIONS

Organisational structure  analyse an organizational  The need for and nature of  Explaining the need for  Recommended
structure organizational structure an organizational textbooks
structure  Samples of business
 explain the importance of  Describing an plans
an organizational organizational structure  Computers
structure o
 distinguish between  Formal and informal  Differentiating between
formal and informal organizations formal and informal
organizations organizations
 Local businesses
 assess the importance of  Evaluating the  ICT tools
informal organizations importance of informal  Charts
organizations  Recommended
textbooks
 illustrate organizational  Organizational chart  Drawing a diagram to
chart using a diagram illustrate an
organizational chart
 outline the features of an  Features of an organizational  Discussing the features
organizational chart chart such as span of control, of an organizational
chain of command, authority, chart
delegation, centralisation
 examine different  Approaches to organizational  Evaluating different

approaches to structures – functional, approaches to
organizational structures divisional, matrix structures organizational structures
 relate the organizational  Examining the relevance

structures to local of organizational
organisations structures to local
organisations
32
26
Human Resources  explain the functions of  Functions of human resources  Discussing functions of  Recommended textbooks
Management (HRM) human resources management such as human human resources  Charts
management resources planning management  Local business
(determining demand for  Statutory instruments
personnel, job descriptions and  Newspaper cuttings
advertisement, employment  Magazines
contracts, discipline, employee
welfare, dismissal and moral)
recruitment, selection, training
and development, job
evaluation, remuneration,
performance appraisal, work
study, advisory role and
guidance role
 analyse labour/  Labour/management relations:  Discussing labour/  Recommended textbooks

management relations labour legislation, collective management relations  Charts
functions bargaining, dispute settlement, functions  Local business
promotion of cooperation  Relevant Statutory
between management and instruments
workforce, need for  Relevant Newspaper
negotiation. cuttings
 Distinguish between  Training and development  Differentiating between  Magazines
training and development training and
33
27
development
 Evaluate different training  Training methods such as  Evaluating different

methods induction, on-the-job, off-the- training methods
job training.
 Discussing the
 Explain the importance of importance of training
training
 State health and safety  Health and safety in the  Discussing the problems
issues at the work place workplace of health and safety
in relation to law. faced at the shop floor
 Assess healthy and  Role of HRM in relation to  Explaining the role of

safety issues at the work health and safety: training, HRM to health and
place. education, provision of safety
facilities, dealing with the
problems
 Assess health and safety  Investigating into the
problems faced by health and safety
employees of a local problems faced by
organisation employees of a local
organisation of their
choice.
34
28
TOPIC
TOPIC 5 MARKETING
5 MARKETING
Marketing mix and  analyse marketing mix  The Marketing Mix  Classifying products in  Recommended text
Marketing elements i. Product terms of consumer and books
strategies  Classification products producer goods  Newspapers
 Product Development: Sources of  Explaining product  ICT tools
new product ideas, importance of development  Recommended Journals
research and development  Discussing the  Charts
 Packaging importance of branding
 Branding and packaging
 Product life cycle (PLC):  Illustrating PLC for a
 Product portfolio planning (BCG particular product
matrix)
 evaluate usefulness of the  Evaluating the
PLC in decision making usefulness of the PLC
model to functional
managers
 Using the Boston
Consulting Group (BCG)
matrix in product portfolio
planning
 analyse market growth  Ansoff matrix  Evaluating market growth
strategies of a product strategies of a product
using the Ansoff matrix using the Ansoff matrix
 explain pricing objectives ii. Price  Analysing various

 Pricing objectives pricing objectives
 analyse factors influencing  Determinants of price such as costs,  Discussing factors
pricing decisions supply, income, competition influencing pricing
decisions
 evaluate pricing strategies  Pricing strategies  Analysing pricing
strategies
 examine the importance of iii. Promotion  Discussing importance

promotion  Importance of promotion such as of promotion
product positioning  Analysing relationship
between product
35
29
positioning and
promotion
 apply appropriate  Promotion mix elements such as  Discussing promotion

promotion mix elements to advertising, publicity, sales mix elements
different situations promotion, public relations, direct  Creating advertisements
 explain the importance of marketing  Determining promotional
promotional budgets budget
 determine the relationship  Analysing the effect of

between promotion promotional expenditure
expenditure and sales on sales
 Applying a promotional
tool of their choice to
promote a product
 assess the effect of a  Measuring effectiveness
promotional campaign on of the promotional tool
sales on sales
 evaluate various iv. Place  Analysing the

distribution channels  Distribution channels appropriateness of
distribution channels
 explain factors influencing  Examining factors
choice of distribution influencing choice of
channels distribution channels
 explain the importance of v. Physical Evidence  Discussing importance of

physical evidence, people vi. People physical evidence,
and processes to services vii. Processes people and processes to
marketing services marketing
ICTs in marketing  Impact of ICTs in marketing such as:
 assess the impact of ICTs  Discussing impact of
in marketing  Electronic marketing ICTs in marketing
 Mobile marketing  Applying ICT tools in
 Social media marketing marketing
36
30
6
Business Studies Syllabus Forms 5 - OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
‘
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

Operational  evaluate the main methods of Methods of inventory control such as  Describing the main  Recommended
Efficiency inventory control.  Just In Time (JIT) methods of inventory textbooks
Inventory control  Stock control chart control.
 Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)  Illustrating components of
stock control chart
 Assessing methods of
inventory control
 calculate EOQ  Importance of stock within  Calculating EOQ
 assess the importance of stock businesses  Explaining the
within businesses importance of inventory
 Costs and benefits of holding stock. within businesses.
 assess the Costs and benefits of  Describing the costs and
holding stock. benefits of holding stock.
 Work study
Work study  explain the concept of work study  Work measurement  Discussing the concept of
 method study work study
 assess the usefulness of the  Evaluating the usefulness

results of work study as a way of of the results of work
improving efficiency and study
productivity
37
Lean Production  Evaluate the appropriateness of  Lean Production

31 Techniques such  Explaining the lean  Recommended
38
Lean Production  Evaluate the appropriateness of  Lean Production Techniques such  Explaining the lean  Recommended
lean production techniques as production techniques textbooks
n different circumstances.  Just In Time(JIT)  Debating the
 Total quality management appropriateness of lean  Case study
38
(TQM) production techniques in

 Quality circles different circumstances.  ICT tools
 Researching on the
benefits and limitations of  Charts
using lean production
techniques
Quality  discuss the techniques of quality  Quality control techniques such as:  Explaining methods of  Recommended
management control  Inspection quality control textbooks
 Random sampling
 evaluate the importance of quality  Testing  Discussing the benefits  Case study
control  Involving workers and limitations of quality
 Total Quality Management control  ICT tools
(TQM)
 Kaizen groups  Visiting manufacturing  Charts
companies to observe the
quality control measures  Magazines
used.
 evaluate the quality control  Quality control methods such as:  Applying quality control
methods - Feed forward methods to school
- Concurrent projects
- Feedback  Assess the effectiveness
of quality control methods
in improving the quality of
a product
 assess the importance of quality  Quality assurance  Discussing the
assurance in improving standards importance of quality
assurance
Impact of ICTs on  apply ICTs in operations  Impact of ICTs in operations  Constructing an inventory  Chart
Operations management activities management activities such as: chart using a computer
Management  Inventory control  Discussing the impact of  Recommended
 Production ICTs on production textbooks
 Quality control techniques such as:
32
39
 Lean production  Computer aided  ICT tools

 Costing design (CAD)
 Computer Aided  Handouts
Manufacturing
(CAM)
40
33
TOPIC 7 FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING

TOPIC 7 FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING

Accounting  draw up a straightforward  Financial statements  Identifying users of
financial statement - Users of financial statements financial statements
- Statement of financial position
 interpret financial - income statement  Analysing financial
statements - statement of cash flow (direct and indirect statements
methods)
 apply financial statements  Using financial
information to make statements information
decisions to make decisions
 calculate depreciation  Depreciation  Computing depreciation

using various methods - Straight line using different methods
- reducing balance  Discussing differences
between straight line
and diminishing balance
method of depreciation
 Explain the advantages  Stock valuation  Discussing advantages

and disadvantages of - LIFO and disadvantages of
stock valuation methods - FIFO stock valuation methods
- AVCO
 calculate ratios  Ratio Analysis  Calculating ratios

 interpret ratios - Financial efficiency ratio – stock
turnover,  Applying ratios in
- debtor days and creditor days. decision making
- Investor ratios – dividend yield,
 evaluate the usefulness of dividend cover and price earnings ratio.  Discussing the
ratio analysis in decision - Limitations of ratio analysis. usefulness of ratio
making - Trend analysis of ratios and inter-firm analysis
comparisons.
 calculate payback period,  Investment Appraisal techniques such as:  Calculating ARR, NPV
ARR and NPV - payback period, average rate of and payback period
return (ARR), Net Present Value
(NPV)
34
41
 analyse investment  Discussing advantages

appraisal techniques and disadvantages of
investment appraisal
techniques
 evaluate the usefulness of  Assessing the
different appraisal applicability of different
techniques in decision investment appraisal
making techniques
 discuss factors influencing  Factors influencing investment decisions  Investigating factors

investment decisions. such as political, legal, economic, investor influencing investment
confidence decisions
 draw up simple cash flow  Cash flow forecasts  Drawing up cash flow
forecast based on given - Managing cash flows forecasts
data.
 amend forecasts provided  Adjusting cash flow
in the light of changes in forecasts
business circumstances
 apply cash flow forecasts  Using cash flow
to make decisions forecasts to make
decisions
 explain the purpose of  Budgeting:  Discussing purpose of

budgets - The purpose of budgeting budgets and budgetary
- The purpose of budgetary control control
 prepare a budget - Types of budgets such as flexible  Drawing up budgets

budgets and zero based budgets.
 assess benefits and  Discussing benefits and
drawbacks from of using drawbacks of budgets
budgets
42
35
ASSESSMENT
a) ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES
Learners will be assessed on their ability to:
8.1 Demonstrate knowledge of principles, techniques and ideas in business studies

8.2 Interpret information through numeracy and literacy
8.3 Apply acquired knowledge, skills and techniques to make business decisions
ASSESSMENT
8.4 Communicate business information in a logical and coherent manner
a)
8.5 ASSESSMENT
Assess the impactOBJECTIVES
of the environment in which business operate
8.6
LearnersImplement a business
will be assessed onplan
their ability to:
8.7
8.1 Demonstrate cultural
Demonstrate knowledge valuesofthrough
principles,unhu/ubuntu/vumunhu
techniques and ideasininbusiness
businesspractices
studies
8.2 Interpret information through numeracy and literacy
8.3
5.9 Apply acquired
SCHEME OFknowledge,
ASSESSMENT skills and techniques to make business decisions
8.4 Communicate business information in a logical and coherent manner
8.5 Assess the impact of the environment in which business operate
The
8.6 syllabus schemeaof
Implement assessment
business plan is grounded on the principle of inclusivity. Arrangements, accommodations and
modifications should be visible in both through
8.7 Demonstrate cultural values continuous unhu/ubuntu/vumunhu in business
and summative assessment practices
to enable learners with special needs
to access assessment.
5.9 SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT
Continuous and
The syllabus summative
scheme assessment
of assessment will be done
is grounded onin the
the theory, of
principle assignment
inclusivity.and practical components
Arrangements, of the sylla-
accommodations and modification
continuous
bus. andofsummative
Weighting assessment
the components are as to enable learners with special needs to access assessment.
follows:
Continuous and summative assessment will be done in the theory, assignment and practical components of the syllabus. Weighti
Summative Assessment 70% Continuous Assessment 30%
follows:
5.10 CONTINUOUS
Summative Assessment ASSESSMENT
70% Continuous Assessment 30%
5.10 CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT

Continuous Assessment will comprise theory tests, projects and assignments as illustrated below:
Continuous Assessment will comprise theory tests, projects and assignments as illustrated below:
Terms 1 2 3 4 5 Weighting %
Theory Tests 1 1 1 20
Assignments 1 1 1 1 20
Practical Projects 1 60
5.11 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

5.11 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Paper1:
Paper 1: Structured
StructuredShort
ShortQuestions
Questions
Thepaper
The paperconsists
consistsofof22sections
sectionswhich
whichare
areSection
SectionAAand
andSection
SectionBB
Section A
Section A Questions totaling 70 marks
Structured
Structured Questions totaling 70 marks

Section B
Case Study totaling 30 marks
Time: 3 hours
Weighting: 50%
Paper 2:
The paper consists of 2 sections which are Section A and Section B
Section A – Data Response
36
Section B
Case Study totaling 30 marks
Time: 3 hours
Weighting: 50%
Paper
Case 2: totaling 25 marks
study
The paper consists of 2 sections which are Section A and Section B
Section A – Data Response
Section B - Essays
Case study totaling 25 marks
3 essay questions totaling 75 marks will be answered out of 9 questions
Section B - Essays
3 essay questions
Time: totaling 75 marks will be answered out of 9 questions
3 hours
Weighting: 50%
Time: 3 hours
Weighting: 50%
Examinations
Examinations
Title Duration Marks Weighting (%)
Paper 1 – Structured and Case Study 3 hours 100 50

Paper 2 – Data Response and Essays 3 hours 100 50
5.12 SPECIFICATION GRID

Paper Knowledge Application % Analysis % Evaluation % Total %
with
Understanding
%
1 15 10 5 5 35
2 11 9 8 7 35
Total 26 19 14 12 70
37

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ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

Curriculum Development and Technical Services

© All Rrights Reserved

• The National Business and Enterprise Skills Syllabus Panel

2.0 PRESENTATION OF SYLLABUS...................................................................................................... 2

4.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE.................................................................................................................. 3

5.0 COMPETENCY MATRIX..................................................................................................................... 7

• have acquired commercial knowledge and busi-

1.6 CROSS CUTTING THEMES decision making

• participate in the business process within the

By the end of the two-year learning period, learners

• demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the

 Introduction to Business  International trade

TOPIC 2 BUSINESS FORMULATION AND PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

TOPIC 3 PEOPLE IN ORGANISATIONS

TOPIC 6: OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

TOPIC 7 : BUSINESS FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING

5.0 COMPETENCY MATRIX

5.1 BUSINESS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES

 describe industrialisation  Industrialisation

 identify sectors of business  Classifying business organisations

 explain types of business  Business organisations:  Explaining each type of business

 describe the characteristics of  Business and economic  Explaining the characteristics of

 describe problems faced by small  Problems faced by  Discussing problems faced by

 suggest solutions to problems  Solutions to problems  Suggesting solutions to problems

 explain advantages and  Advantages and  Discussing the advantages and

 discuss the importance of business  Importance of business  Outlining importance of business

 examine conflict of business  Conflict of business  Discussing conflict of business

5.2 BUSINESS FORMULATION &PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CONTENT SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES

Time (LFT), minimum

 evaluate the alternatives  Discussing alternatives from a

 apply decision making tools  Evaluating the usefulness of

5.3 5.3 PEOPLE IN ORGANISATIONS

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVE CONTENT ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

 analyse different  Management theories  Examining theories of

 apply management  Evaluating the applicability of

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVE CONTENT ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

 explain leadership styles  Leadership styles  Describing leadership styles

 describe leadership roles  Leadership roles such as  Explaining leadership roles

 identify needs that people  Understanding human  Explaining human needs

 explain the importance of  Importance of motivation  Discussing importance of

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVE CONTENT ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

 distinguish between  Discussing the difference

5.4 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

5.4 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

effective communication barriers to effective textbooks

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CONTENT SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES

 calculate measures of  Calculating measures of central

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CONTENT SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES AND RESOURCES

5.6 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT

TOPIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES: learners CONTENT SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES RESOURCES

 explain the production function  Production and Productivity  Describing the

 Production function (inputs,  Commenting on the

 explain how to increase  Ways of increasing  Suggesting ways of

 explain ways of increasing  Effectiveness and efficiency  Differentiating between

Operations  evaluate different production  Production methods:  Describing different  Recommended

 explain capacity utilization  Capacity utilization  Describing capacity

 apply approaches to costing in  Approaches to costing  Explaining approaches

BUSINESS FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING

 explain the significance of - Working Capital:  Commenting on the