Components of internet in terms of Equipment's:

` Hubs, bridges and switches are all devices used to connect computers and other devices
together on an Ethernet network.

Network Hubs:
A hub connects two or more computers together. Hubs are effectively multi-port
repeaters and operate at the physical layer (level one). They do not examine the network
traffic. They are being replaced today by the switches. Smallest is usually 4 port.

Network Switches:
A switch Connects two or more computers together and used today in preference to a hub
or bridge.
Like a bridge a switch learns about MAC address connected to each port and will only send data
on that port that is addressed to those MAC addresses.
A switch is effectively a bridge with more ports.
Using switches usually speeds up a network but it depends on the network configuration.

Routers:
A router connects networks together. Routers operate at the networking level of the TC
protocol stack.
On Home networks the router is responsible for connecting the home network to the Internet and
provides several important networking services like:
 DHCP
 DNS
Most home routers provide both Wi-Fi and Ethernet connections.

Router Internet Connection Types:

There are four main Internet connection types in use
 ADSL – old
 VDSL – Used with Fiber to cabinet connections (FTTC)
 Fiber – Used with FTTP
 Cable – Cable networks
Network server: -
Internet servers make the Internet possible. All of the machines on the Internet are either
servers or clients. The machines that provide services to other machines are servers. And the
machines that are used to connect to those services are clients. There are Web servers, e-mail
servers, FTP servers and so on serving the needs of Internet users all over the world.

Network Backbone:
The backbone network is a network containing a high capacity connectivity infrastructure
that forms the main link, or backbone, to the different parts of the network. 

There are two basic components to a BN:

1: The network cable.

2: The hardware devices.
The cable is essentially the same as that used in LANs, except that it is often fiber optic to
provide higher data rates. The hardware devices can be computers or special-purpose devices
that just transfer messages from one network to another. These include switches, routers, and
gateways.

Components of internet access:

 DSL Modem– This converts digital signals into analogue signals that are suitable for
sending over a telephone line. ...
 DSL/Broadband Filter. ...
 Firewall and NAT Router. ...
 Computer Firewalls – ...
 ICS (Internet Connection Sharing)- ...
 Network Hub. ...
 Network Bridge. ...
 Network Switch.